浙大远程英语写作第1次[2]答案

《英语写作》作业

Unit 1: 段落和篇章知识（Paragraph and whole composition）必做题

1.What is a paragraph?

A paragraph is a division of writings expressing one central idea. It usually consists of several closely related sentences. It can also be called a unit of thought. It is a unit in itself and part of a larger whole.

2.What is a paragraph made up of?

Paragraph is made up of a group of sentences which altogether express a controlling idea or central idea. It includes topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence. The paragraph is the basic unit of

a composition.

3.What are the features of an effective paragraph?

l It focuses on one major idea. This major idea is called the topic sentence.

l It provides enough details to develop the idea. An effe ctive paragraph does not waste the reader’s time. It doesn’t start something without finishing it. It contains enough specific details to enable the reader to understand the writer’s point.

l It is sensibly organized: An effective paragraph does not bore the reader. It is organized so the reader has no trouble following the writer’s progression of thought—so the reader can see three parts in a paragraph—1) the topic sentence; 2) supporting details, and 3) the concluding sentence.

4.What is the topic sentence and why is it important?

A topic sentence is a brief statement of the subject of the paragraph. It is very important because it determines the content of the whole paragraph. Therefore, special attention should be paid to it.

5.Which sentence is the topic sentence in the following paragraph?

My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others.

6.The following topic sentences are not good ones, try to make them better.

●There is much to say about any problem.

●Time is money

●He found an old book in our library last Thursday afternoon

1 There is much to say about the problem of unemployment.

2 It is a shame to waste time in college years.

3 One of his interests is to spend time in libraries.

7.What are the requirements of a good topic sentence?

n A good topic sentence presents both a subject and an attitude toward that subject.

n A topic sentence only states one fact or one opinion.

n the topic should be neither too abstract nor too specific.

n Furthermore it is better to be placed at the beginning of the paragraph.

8.What are the requirements of supporting details?

l Supporting details deal with different aspects of a topic sentence.

l supporting details never say things that are irrelevant to the topic sentence.

l supporting details should be developed naturally and logically from one to another.

l each supporting detail should not be either too long or too short.

9.What is the concluding sentence?

The concluding sentence is the restatement of the topic sentence. It usually summarize the idea of the whole paragraph and to open doors to the next paragraph. Therefore, a concluding sentence of a paragraph is

supposed to be the link between the two paragraphs.

10.W hat is a composition made up of? What is the function of each part?

1) Most, if not all, compositions are made up of a beginning, a middle, and an end.

2) The beginning ( the introduction) rouses the reader’s interest in and secures his attention to the subject matter of the essay or provides necessary background information.

The middle (the body) gives a clear and logical presentation of the facts and ideas the writer intends to

put forth.

The end ( the conclusion ) winds up the essay often with an emphatic and forceful statement to influence the reader’s final impression of the essay and shows the implication or consequences of the argument.

11.H ow many ways can you write your introduction ?

A quotation \ Figures or statistics\A question or several questions.

\The time and place of the event to be described\Relevant background material

\An analogy \ A definition