初中英语语法知识归纳
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MODULE1
五种简单句歌决
英语简单句,五种结构型,缩简句子后,结构自分明,表主语状态,即为主系表,主谓关与主谓宾,二者需分清,动作对象人和物,则是间宾加直宾,二宾
位置可互换,介词to,for记心间,句子已有主谓宾,宾语再补方完整,宾语
加上补足语,二者构成复合宾。
1、主语+不及物动词(SV)不及物动词,不能带宾语,但有些要接状语意义
才完整。
2、主语+系动词+表语(SVP)
系动词:be ,look,seem ,become,feel ,get ,turn ,grow,smell,taste ,keep, sound
3、主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO)
4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)直接宾语在前,加for或to 连接间接宾语。Give,show ,send,bring ,pass, lend ,leave ,hand ,teel ,return, promise ,refuse,throw 用to ,make ,buy ,do ,get ,play ,order, sing,pay用for .
5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)
there be 句型。
tidy up 收拾,fan扇,fan oneself ,给某人自己扇风,
fan the flame煽动情绪,a movie fan , 影迷,
un反义前缀,tidy-untidy,happy-unhappy,comfortable-uncomfortable
at least至少,祈使句,肯定以动词原形开头,反问用will you ?/won‘t you?,否定用Don‘t +动词原形,反问用will you ?,Let‘s …用shall we?
take up占据,代词放中间,take away拿走,
take sth. back,收回某物take ….to …把…带到….
take off脱下,起飞.take place发生,
take a rest 休息一下, a bit ,a little ,作状语时可互换
a bit of =a little,有点儿,修饰名词on time按时,
in time及时,from time to time有时,
a long time很长时间,for the first time首次,
have a good time ,玩得高兴
be/get /become interested in 主语是人,某人对某事产生兴趣
指人的不定代词somebody/someone,everybody/everyone ,anybody/anyone, nobody/no one 指物的不定代词,anything,something,everything,nothing
play the violin ;弹奏乐器,play +the+乐器,球类,play+球,
世上独一无二的加the ,前面出现过的用the ,
make+宾语+宾语补足语(使..处于某种状态,地位)make sb.do sth.使某人做某事,后接动词不定式作宾语,不要to 的有,一感feel,二听hear,listen to,
三让have let make,四看see,look at ,watch ,notice,半帮助help,
make sb.sth=make sth for sb.为某人做某事,make money赚钱,
make a living谋生,make trouble引起麻烦,
make friends with sb.与某人交朋友,make war 开战,
make a fire生火,make a face做鬼脸,
make ..from用..制成(用被动)make …of用..制成(用被动)
make fun of 取笑,与…开玩笑,make room for 为…让地方,
make up 编造,make up one‘s mind 决心,拿定主意,
现在完成时:表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作,对现在造成的影响和结果,
或持续到现在的动作。常用词语already,yet ,ever ,never,just ,before, for + some time ,since,
at the end of 在…尽头,在…末尾,(时间,位置)by the end of =not later than by the end of 到…末为止,+过去时间,用于过去完成时
by the end of+现在时间,用于现在完成时,in the end =at last =finally,最后
end(动词)up with以…结束, come to an end 告终,结束,
begin with以…开头, sth happen to sb某事发生在某人身上
.happen to do sth.碰巧发生某事take place发生,预料中发生的事,
.happen是偶然发生的,be famous for因..而出名,外界客观,
be famous as作为….而出名,本身身份,be good for 对…有益
be good at擅长,a collection of….的收藏,
take an interest in 对某事感兴趣,give an interview,会面,做访谈
as a result结果,as a result of 由于,因为,
also 也,肯定句中,too也,肯定,句末,逗号,either也,否定,句末,逗号, as well也,肯定,句末, be sure确信,相信,
in life一生中,all one‘s life一生,终身
buy sb .sth=buy sth for sb .think about考虑,思考,想起,
think of想起think over工,思考
book after=take care of =care for,照顾look over,检查,查看,
look for寻找,look up 查找,
be popular with,受…的欢迎
when , while,as的用法:
when可引用可延续性和非延续性,若两分句是非延续性,只用when
while引用可延续性,若两分句是可延续性,只用while
as常用于同时发生的
be useful to/for 对….有用,be useful in (for )doing sth,有助于
useful 反义词useless ,比较级前加more ,最高级前加most ,
develop ,名词development ,developing 发展中.developed 发达的,
success名词,succeed动词,successful形容词,successfully副词,failure失败some…others没有范围的“一些”…另一些,但不是全体,
some…the others某一范围的“一些….其他”的,表全体,
one ….another不定数目中的“一个”“另一个”