国立台湾海洋大学96 学年度第2 学期期中考试pdf

國立台灣海洋大學 96 學年度 第 2 學期 期中考試

科目： 供應鏈設計與管理 系級： 運輸與航海科學系 授課教授： 丁士展

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1. Please make a figure to illustrate a generic supply chain? (15%)

2. The forecasts generated by two forecasting methods and actual sales are as follows:

Month Sales Forecast 1 Forecast 2 1 269 275 268 2 289 266 287 3 294 290 292

Compute the MAD, the MAPE, the MSE and the Tracking Signal for each forecasting method. Which method is better? Why? (15%)

3. A Keelung, Taiwan manufacturer has the option to make or buy one of its component parts. The annual requirement is 20,000 units. A supplier is able to supply the parts for $10 per piece. The firm estimates that it costs $600 to prepare the contract with the supplier. To make the parts in-house, the firm must invest $50,000 in capital equipment, and the firm estimates that it costs $8 per piece to make the parts in-house.

(1) Assuming cost is the only criterion, use breakeven analysis to determine whether the firm should make or buy the item. What are the break-even quantity and the total cost at the breakeven point? (10%)

(2) Calculate the total costs for both options at 20,000 units. What is the cost saving for choosing the cheaper option? (10%)

4. Given the master production schedule (MPS) and the beginning inventory (BI) , compute the available-to-promise (ATP) quantity. (15%) Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MPS BI = 60 20 30 20 20 20 50 0 20 Committed Customer Orders 50 10 30 10 20 20 10 0 ATP:D ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

5. Eritech, Inc., assembles five different models of all terrain vehicles. There are two suppliers manufacturing the engines needed by Eritech. The purchasing manager of Eritech must order the engines in lot sizes of 1,000 each. The unique characteristics of the standardized engine require special tooling to be used during the manufacturing process. Eritech agrees to reimburse the suppliers for the

tooling. This is a critical purchase since late delivery of engines would disrupt production and cause 60% lost sales and 40% back orders of the terrain vehicles.

Given the following information, use total cost analysis to calculate the total costs of Supplier B. (20%)

Requirements (annual forecast)120,000 units

Weight per engine 22 pounds

Order processing cost $125/order

Inventory carrying rate 20% per year

Cost of working capital 10% per year

Profit margin 15%

Price of finished goods $4,500

Backorder cost $15 per unit

Unit Price Supplier A Supplier B

1 to 999 units/order $50.00 $49.50

1000 to 2999 units/order $49.00 $48.50

3000 + units/order $48.00 $48.00

Tooling Cost $12,000 $10,000

Payment Terms 2% 10, net 30 1% 10, net 30

Distance 125 miles 100 miles

Supplier Quality Rating 2% 2%

Supplier Delivery Rating 1% 2%

Truckload (TL = 40,000 lbs): $0.85 per ton-mile

Less-Than-Truckload (LTL): $1.10 per ton-mile

Note: per ton-mile = 2,000 lbs(pounds) per mile

6. Explain the following terms: (15%)

(1) Bullwhip Effect

(2) Vendor-managed Inventory (VMI)

(3) Bill of Material (BOM)

(4) Independent Demand

(5) Make-to-Order