The English Education System 英语教学体系

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教育体系改进英语作文模板

教育体系改进英语作文模板

教育体系改进英语作文模板Title: Enhancing the Education System: An English Essay Template。

Introduction:In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the need to reform the education system to better prepare students for the challenges of the modern world. Among the various aspects that require improvement, the teaching and learning of English stand out as crucial components. This essay explores a comprehensive framework for enhancing the education system with a focus on English language education.Body Paragraph 1: Rethinking Curriculum Design。

The first step in improving English language education is to reconsider the curriculum design. This involves identifying key language skills and competencies thatstudents need to develop, such as speaking, listening, reading, and writing. The curriculum should be designed to cultivate these skills progressively, starting from the foundational level and advancing to more complex tasks. Additionally, integrating cultural and real-world contexts into the curriculum can make language learning more engaging and relevant to students' lives.Body Paragraph 2: Implementing Innovative Teaching Methods。

英语教学中的“主体”与“引导”

英语教学中的“主体”与“引导”

英语教学中的“主体”与“引导”【摘要】In English teaching, the concepts of "subject" and "guidance" play crucial roles in promoting effective learning. The subject, referring to the students themselves, is essential in actively engaging with the learning process. On the other hand, guidance from teachers helps students navigate the complexities of learning English. This article explores the importance of the subject in English teaching, the role of guidance in facilitating learning, methods to cultivate students' awareness as subjects, effective strategies for guiding students in learning English, and analyses of how the subject and guidance interact in real-life cases. Ultimately, the collaboration between the subject and guidance drives the advancement of English teaching. Looking ahead, the future of English teaching will continue to focus on empowering students as active learners and providing effective guidance to enhance their language acquisition. By emphasizing the synergy between the subject and guidance, educators can further enhance the quality of English education.【关键词】英语教学,主体,引导,重要性,作用,培养,意识,有效学习,方法,相互作用,案例分析,推动发展,展望1. 引言1.1 英语教学中的“主体”与“引导”概述In English teaching, the concepts of "subject" and "guidance" play crucial roles in facilitating students' learning process. The "subject" refers to the students themselves, who are the primary actors in acquiring knowledge and skills. They are the ones who actively engage in learning, ask questions, participate in discussions, and apply what they have learned to real-life situations. On the other hand, "guidance" refers to the teachers' role in creating a supportive learning environment, providing resources, feedback, and direction to help students navigate the learning journey effectively.2. 正文2.1 主体在英语教学中的重要性In English teaching, the concept of "subject" refers to the learner, who is seen as the central figure in the learning process. The importance of emphasizing the role of the learner as the subject in English teaching cannot be overstated.2.2 引导在英语教学中的作用引导在英语教学中扮演着非常重要的角色。

30年前的学校英语作文

30年前的学校英语作文

30年前的学校英语作文English:"Thirty years ago, English education in schools had a significantly different approach compared to today. Back then, the emphasis was more on rote memorization and grammar drills rather than communicative competence. Students spent hours memorizing vocabulary lists and conjugating verbs, with little focus on practical usage or real-life scenarios. Classes were often teacher-centered, with students passively receiving information rather than actively engaging in conversation or critical thinking activities. The curriculum was rigid and standardized, leaving little room for creativity or individual expression. Assessments primarily consisted of written exams, assessing mainly grammar and vocabulary knowledge rather than communication skills. Overall, the English education system of thirty years ago lacked the interactive and communicative approach that is now emphasized in modern language teaching."中文翻译:"三十年前,学校的英语教育方法与今天有着显著的不同。

英语教学的实施方案有哪些

英语教学的实施方案有哪些

英语教学的实施方案有哪些English Teaching Implementation PlanEnglish teaching is an important part of the education system, and it is crucial to have a well-thought-out implementation plan to ensure the effectiveness of the teaching process. In this document, we will discuss the various components of an effective English teaching implementation plan and provide some practical strategies for its successful execution.1. Setting Clear ObjectivesThe first step in implementing an effective English teaching plan is to set clear objectives. These objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). For example, the objectives could include improving students' speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills, as well as their overall English proficiency. By setting clear objectives, teachers can align their teaching strategies with the desired learning outcomes.2. Utilizing Engaging Teaching MethodsEngaging teaching methods are essential for keeping students motivated and interested in learning English. Teachers should use avariety of teaching methods, such as interactive activities, group discussions, role-playing, and multimedia resources, to cater to different learning styles and preferences. Additionally, incorporating real-life situations and authentic materials into the lessons can make the learning experience more relevant and meaningful for students.3. Providing Adequate ResourcesIn order to effectively implement an English teaching plan, it is important to provide adequate resources to support the teaching and learning process. This includes access to quality textbooks, supplementary materials, audiovisual resources, and technology tools. Furthermore, creating a conducive learning environment with appropriate facilities and equipment can enhance the overall learning experience for students.4. Assessing Student ProgressAssessing student progress is an integral part of any teaching plan. Teachers should use a variety of assessment methods, such as quizzes, tests, projects, and presentations, to evaluate students' understanding and proficiency in English. Additionally, providing timely and constructive feedback to students can help them identify areas for improvement and track their progress over time.5. Fostering a Supportive Learning CommunityCreating a supportive learning community is essential for the successful implementation of an English teaching plan. Teachers should encourage collaboration and peer interaction among students, as well as establish open communication channels with parents and caregivers. Moreover, providing additional support and resources for students who may require extra assistance can help create an inclusive and supportive learning environment.6. Continuous Professional DevelopmentLastly, continuous professional development is crucial for teachers to stay updated with the latest teaching methodologies and best practices in English education. Teachers should actively seek opportunities for professional development, such as attending workshops, conferences, and training sessions, as well as engaging in self-directed learning and reflection on their teaching practices.In conclusion, implementing an effective English teaching plan requires careful consideration of various components, including setting clear objectives, utilizing engaging teaching methods, providing adequate resources, assessing student progress, fosteringa supportive learning community, and continuous professional development. By following these strategies, teachers can create a conducive learning environment and facilitate the overall English learning experience for students.。

通过英语了解不同国家的教育体系

通过英语了解不同国家的教育体系

通过英语了解不同国家的教育体系Understanding Different Education Systems of Various Countries through EnglishEducation serves as the foundation of a nation's progress and development. The structure and methodology of education systems differ across countries, playing a crucial role in shaping the future of their citizens. As English continues to be a global language, it serves as a valuable tool for gaining insight into the education systems of different countries. By exploring the educational practices and approaches of various nations, we can broaden our understanding of how education contributes to individual and national growth.The United States, known for its diverse population, boasts an education system that reflects this diversity. The American education system emphasizes academic freedom and encourages students to explore a variety of subjects. Students have the freedom to choose their course of study, allowing for a greater emphasis on individuality and self-expression. Furthermore, extracurricular activities play a significant role in the American education system, fostering the development of skills beyond academic learning.Moving across the Atlantic, we find the United Kingdom, renowned for its prestigious universities and tradition of academic excellence. The British education system is highly regarded for its rigorous curriculum and emphasis on standardized testing. Students are required to take national exams such as the GCSE and A-levels, which serve as markers of achievement and determine university admissions. Additionally, the Britisheducation system places great emphasis on critical thinking and independent research, encouraging students to develop advanced analytical skills.In contrast, the education system in Finland has garnered international attention for its innovative approach and consistent outstanding performance in worldwide education rankings. The Finnish system emphasizes equality and individualized learning. There are no mandated standardized tests; instead, assessments are carried out by teachers during regular classroom activities. Finland places great importance on the quality of teachers, ensuring that they possess extensive subject knowledge and pedagogical skills. Moreover, Finnish students enjoy a holistic approach to education, with a strong focus on creativity, problem-solving, and practical skills.Moving to Asia, we encounter the education system of China, a country known for its commitment to academic excellence and highly competitive environment. In China, education is highly valued, and students face intense pressure to excel academically. The curriculum is intensive, with a strong emphasis on math, science, and language skills. The Gaokao, China's national college entrance examination, is a highly influential test that determines a student's university placement. Chinese students devote a significant amount of time and effort to academic pursuits, often attending additional tutoring classes outside regular school hours.In the realm of higher education, Australia has emerged as a popular destination for international students seeking a quality education. The Australian education system adopts a practical and career-oriented approach. Universities offer a wide range of vocationally focused courses, providing students with the skills and knowledge necessary for their chosenprofessions. The system also emphasizes research and innovation, with many Australian universities consistently ranking among the top institutions globally.India, home to a vast and diverse population, possesses an education system that reflects its multicultural society. The Indian education system comprises both public and private schools, varying in quality and resources. The curriculum focuses on a broad range of subjects, with students having the flexibility to choose specialized streams in higher grades. India places great emphasis on STEM subjects, producing a significant number of engineers and IT professionals. Moreover, competitive exams, such as the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) and the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET), play a critical role in university admissions.By exploring the education systems of various countries, we gain a deeper understanding of their priorities, values, and approaches to learning. While each system has its strengths and weaknesses, there is much we can learn from these diverse approaches. English serves as a valuable tool in this exploration, as it allows us to access a wealth of information and connect with individuals from different educational backgrounds.As global citizens, it is important to embrace a global perspective on education. By understanding and appreciating the diverse approaches to learning around the world, we can foster collaboration, exchange ideas, and work towards improving education systems within our own countries. Through English, we can transcend borders and engage in meaningful discussions that drive progress and innovation in education.。

英语课程标准原文

英语课程标准原文

英语课程标准的核心内容与影响The English Curriculum Standards, as a guiding framework for the teaching and learning of the language, play a pivotal role in shaping the educational landscape. These standards outline the objectives, content, and approach to teaching English, ensuring that students across the country receive a consistent and comprehensive education in this global language.At the heart of the English Curriculum Standards lies the emphasis on developing communication skills. This focus is reflected in the inclusion of a wide range of communicative activities and tasks that encourage students to engage actively with the language. By providing opportunities for students to speak, listen, read, andwrite in English, the standards aim to foster a fluent and confident speaking ability that is essential for effective communication.Moreover, the standards emphasize the importance of cultural understanding and cross-cultural communication. This aspect is integrated throughout the curriculum, encouraging students to appreciate the diverse culturalbackgrounds represented in English language materials. By exploring different cultures, students are able to develop a more global perspective and an understanding of the role of English as a lingua franca.The adoption of the English Curriculum Standards has had profound impacts on the education system. Firstly, it has ensured a more uniform and standardized approach to teaching English, removing inconsistencies and disparities in educational quality. This has led to a more level playing field for students, regardless of their geographical location or school affiliation.Furthermore, the standards have sparked a shift towards more active and student-centered learning methods. The emphasis on communicative activities and tasks has encouraged teachers to adopt innovative teaching techniques that engage students actively in the learning process. This has led to a more dynamic and interactive classroom environment that fosters student engagement and motivation. However, the implementation of the English Curriculum Standards has also presented some challenges. One of the main issues is the need for teachers to adapt to the newcurriculum and embrace new teaching methods. This requires ongoing professional development and support to ensure that teachers are equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively implement the standards.Additionally, the standards emphasize the importance of technology in enhancing English language learning. The integration of digital tools and resources has opened up new possibilities for teaching and learning, but it also poses challenges in terms of access to technology and its effective utilization in the classroom.Despite these challenges, the English Curriculum Standards have provided a solid foundation for English language education in our country. By focusing on communication skills, cultural understanding, and student-centered learning, the standards aim to prepare studentsfor the globalized world, equipping them with the language skills and cross-cultural competence necessary for success in today's interconnected world.**英语课程标准的核心内容与影响**英语课程标准作为指导和规范英语教学与学习的框架,对于塑造教育领域的格局起着至关重要的作用。

英语专业课程体系图

英语专业课程体系图
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英语专业课程ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้系图
课程体系
Types
课程
Courses
通识教育课程
大学计算机基础Basic of Computers for College,思想道德修养及法律基础The Culture on Thought and Morality as well as Foundations of Law,体育(一)Physical Education (1),大学生心理健康Mental Health for College Students,军事理论Military Doctrine,军训Military Training,中国近现代史纲要Outline of China's Modern History for Nearly,体育(二)Physical Education (2),当代世界经济与政治Contemporary World Economy and Politics,人文科学类选修课Optional Courses for Students of Humanism and Science,Excel and Powerpoint,马克思主义基本原理The Basic Principles of Marxism,体育(三)Physical Education (3),体育(四)Physical Education (4),毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论General Introduction to Mao Zedong Thoughts,Deng Xiaoping Theory and the Three-representative's Theorie,毕业教育graduation education
商务英语方向

英语各个地区上学方式作文范文

英语各个地区上学方式作文范文

英语各个地区上学方式作文范文英文回答:Education Systems in Different English-Speaking Regions.Education systems vary significantly across English-speaking regions, reflecting cultural, historical, andsocio-political factors. Each region has its own unique approach to schooling, from curriculum and pedagogy to the role of government and the private sector.United Kingdom.The United Kingdom has a highly centralized education system, with the government playing a major role in setting standards and curriculum. Education is compulsory from ages 5 to 16, and students typically progress through primary school (ages 5-11), secondary school (ages 11-16), and further education or higher education. The UK's education system is known for its rigorous academic standards and itsfocus on exam-based assessment.United States.The United States has a decentralized education system, with individual states having significant autonomy over their educational policies. Education is compulsory from ages 6 to 18, and students typically progress through elementary school (grades 1-5), middle school (grades 6-8), and high school (grades 9-12). The US education system is known for its emphasis on standardized testing and its diverse range of educational options, including public schools, private schools, and homeschooling.Canada.Canada has a federal education system, with each province and territory having jurisdiction over its own educational policies. Education is compulsory from ages 6 to 16, and students typically progress through elementary school (kindergarten to grade 6), middle school (grades 7-9), and high school (grades 10-12). The Canadian educationsystem is known for its strong emphasis on equity and accessibility, as well as its reputation for high-quality teaching and research.Australia.Australia has a centralized education system, with the federal government playing a major role in setting standards and funding. Education is compulsory from ages 6 to 16, and students typically progress through primary school (grades 1-6), secondary school (grades 7-12), and further education or higher education. The Australian education system is known for its focus on student-centered learning and its commitment to innovation.New Zealand.New Zealand has a decentralized education system, with each region having significant autonomy over its educational policies. Education is compulsory from ages 6 to 16, and students typically progress through primary school (years 1-6), intermediate school (years 7-8), andsecondary school (years 9-13). The New Zealand education system is known for its emphasis on indigenous knowledge and culture, as well as its innovative approaches to teaching and learning.Conclusion.The education systems in different English-speaking regions reflect the unique cultural, historical, and socio-political factors that shape each region. While there are some similarities across these systems, there are also significant differences in terms of curriculum, pedagogy, governance, and funding. Understanding these differences is essential for educators, policymakers, and students alike.中文回答:不同英语国家/地区的教育系统。

用义务教育英语课程标准评课

用义务教育英语课程标准评课

用义务教育英语课程标准评课The compulsory education English curriculum standard is an essential tool for teachers to evaluate their teaching effectiveness and ensure that students are meeting learning objectives. It provides a framework for teachers to plan lessons, assess student progress, and make necessary adjustments to instructional strategies. This standard is also crucial for promoting consistency across different school districts and regions, ensuring that all students receive a similar quality of education in English.义务教育英语课程标准是教师评估教学效果和确保学生达到学习目标的重要工具。

它为教师提供了一个框架来规划课程、评估学生进展,并对教学策略进行必要的调整。

这一标准对于促进不同学区和地区之间的一致性也是至关重要的,确保所有学生在英语方面接受类似质量的教育。

By following the compulsory education English curriculum standard, teachers can design lessons that are aligned with the learning objectives outlined in the standard. This ensures that students are being exposed to the appropriate content and skills at each grade level, leading to a more seamless progression of knowledge andlanguage proficiency. Teachers can use the standard to guide their lesson planning and ensure that they are covering all necessary topics and activities to help students achieve proficiency in English.通过遵循义务教育英语课程标准,教师可以设计与标准中概述的学习目标一致的课程。

山东省自考英语二Unit6

山东省自考英语二Unit6

Unit 6(山东省自考英语)Text AThe British Educational System 英国的教育体系All over the world,the mention of English education suggests a picture of“public schools”,and it suggests in particular the names of certain very famous instructions—Eton,Oxford and Cambridge; but People do not always realize what place these institutions occupy in the who1e educational system.一提起英国教育呈现在人们面前的往往是一幅“公学”的画面,特别是一些著名的教育机构——伊顿、牛津、剑桥等;但是人们往往不了解这些机构在英国整个教育体系中所占的位置。

Oxford and Cambridge are universities each haying about 12,000 students out of a total of over 250,000 students at all British universities.牛津和剑桥两所大学分别拥有大约12 000在校生,而全英在校大学生的总数超过250 000。

Eton is a public school,and the best known of the public schools. which,in spite of their name,are not really public at all,but independent and private secondary schools taking boys from the age thirteen to eighteen years.伊顿是所公学,也是最著名的公学, 尽管名字叫公学,其实并不是真正意义上的公立学校,而是所独立的私立中学。

英语教育标准英文版

英语教育标准英文版

英语教育标准英文版IntroductionThis document aims to outline the English Education Standards for effective teaching and learning of English as a second language. These standards serve as a guideline for educators and educational institutions to ensure a high-quality English language education.1. Language Proficiency StandardsEnglish language proficiency is an essential aspect of English education. The following proficiency standards outline the desired language skills for different proficiency levels:Educators should design curriculum and teaching materials that align with these language proficiency standards and provide appropriate support to students for their language development.2. Curriculum Standards- Writing Skills: Developing writing skills to express ideas clearly and coherently.Writing Skills: Developing writing skills to express ideas clearly and coherently.- Vocabulary and Grammar: Expanding vocabulary and understanding grammatical concepts to enhance overall language proficiency.Vocabulary and Grammar: Expanding vocabulary and understanding grammatical concepts to enhance overall language proficiency.- Cultural Awareness: Promoting multicultural understanding and appreciation through exposure to different cultures and perspectives.Cultural Awareness: Promoting multicultural understanding and appreciation through exposure to different cultures and perspectives.Curriculum standards should be learner-centered, engaging, and cater to different learning styles and needs. It should also incorporate technology effectively to enhance language learning experiences.3. Assessment StandardsAssessment is an integral part of the English language education system. The assessment standards should ensure fair and accurate measurement of students' language proficiency and progress. The following assessment methods may be used:- Formative Assessment: Ongoing assessments to monitor students' progress and provide feedback for improvement.Formative Assessment: Ongoing assessments to monitor students' progress and provide feedback for improvement.- Summative Assessment: Evaluations at the end of a learning period to measure students' overall language proficiency and achievement.Summative Assessment: Evaluations at the end of a learning period to measure students' overall language proficiency and achievement.- Performance Tasks: Assignments and projects that assess students' ability to apply language skills in real-life situations.Performance Tasks: Assignments and projects that assess students' ability to apply language skills in real-life situations.- Writing Assessments: Written assessments to evaluate students' writing proficiency.Writing Assessments: Written assessments to evaluate students' writing proficiency.Assessment standards should be transparent, reliable, and aligned with the language proficiency standards.ConclusionBy adhering to these English Education Standards, educators and educational institutions can provide quality English language education that equips students with the necessary language skills for future success. These standards should be regularly reviewed and updated to keep up with the evolving needs of English language learners.Note: The document provided above is an example response and can be modified as per specific requirements.。

英语课程标准英文版

英语课程标准英文版

New English Curriculum for and Junior/Senior Middle Schools Experimental Version drafted by the Education Ministry of the PRCNote on this translationTim MartinShaanxi Institute of Education, October 2005Part 1: IntroductionSince ’s reform and opening, the scale of its English education has continually grown, attended by significant achievements in teaching and learning. However, English education in its current form is failing to meet the needs of contemporary social and economic development.The current round of reforms to the English curriculum aim to end the following practices:Over-emphasizing the transmission and explanation of knowledge about grammar and vocabularyNeglectin g to develop students’ ability to use language for realIn their place, the reforms aim to establish a curriculum that:Motivates students, is relevant to their life experiences and cognitive levelPromotes task-based teaching methodsInvolves students in experiential, practical, participatory and cooperative learningDevelops students’ positive attitudes, thinking skills, practical abilities, cultural awareness and autonomy through the language learning processThe Nature of the New CurriculumMaster certain basic language knowledgeMaster listening, speaking, reading and writing skillsHowever, at another level the curriculum should also serve students’ all-round development, providing them with opportunities to:Strengthen their interest in studying EnglishGrow in self-discipline, perseverance and self-confidenceImprove their cooperative, investigative and thinking abilitiesDevelop their memory, imagination and creativityAdopt good study habits and effective learning strategiesDevelop as autonomous and lifelong learnersBuild moral integrity and a healthy outlook on lifeEstablish both national spirit and an awareness of and respect for cultural differencesBroaden their horizons and enrich their life experienceTake part in cultural lifeDevelop as individualsBasic Principles of the New CurriculumThe curriculum promotes quality education (as opposed to exam-orientated education) and the all-round development of the studentsTo promote quality education particular attention must be paid to:Valui ng each student’s feelingsStimulating students’ interest in studying EnglishHelping students gain a sense of achievement and self-confidenceImproving students’ ability to contribute to cultural and social lifeDeveloping students’ practical abilitiesFo stering students’ creativityThe curriculum objectives are holistic and flexible.Language SkillsLanguage KnowledgeAttitudes to LearningLearning StrategiesCultural AwarenessThis design allows students to progress systematically through each level whilst meeting the full range of the curriculum’s demands.Students are put at the centre of the curriculum and individual differences are respectedStudents’ must be at the heart of the new curriculum. For example, their developmental needs must be the central consideration when developing:Curriculum objectivesThe teaching and learning processThe assessment processTeaching and learning resourcesWhen implementing the curriculum each student must be allowed to develop individually under the guidance of the teacher:The curriculum promotes activity-based methods, experiential and participatory learningSensoryExperiential‘Hands on’/practicalParticipatoryCooperativeAdjust their learning strategies and control their emotionsForm positive attitudes towards learningThe curriculum recognizes the important role of formative assessment in promoting student’ developmentEncourage and motivate studentsBenefit students’ healthy personal developmentGive teachers useful feedback from which to develop teaching and learningInform the ongoing development and perfection of the English curriculumFormative assessment should be an important part of the English teaching and learning process with a particular emphasis on:Encouraging students’ active participation in learningImproving students’ self-confidenceSummative assessment should focus on:Testing students’ integrated language skillsTesting students’ ability to use languageThe curriculum expands the range of learning resources and opportunities availableThe curriculum should strive to use and develop resources whose content is:RealisticClose to the students’ livesContemporaryHealthyRich and variedActive use should be made of:Audio visual materialPrint mediaThe InternetStudents should be encouraged to take responsibility for finding, using and developing learning resources themselves.The Curriculum DesignThe curriculum follows the international practice of dividing the general objectives into different ability levels. When designing these nine levels consideration was given to the following:The nature of language developmentThe different needs of different age groupsThe needs of different ethnic groups and areasThe economic imbalances that exist inThe aim is to have designed a system that is holistic and flexible.The correspondence between the level system and the grade system is shown in the following diagram:Diagram 1: The Levels and the GradesPart 2: Introduction to The General ObjectivesDiagram 2: The General ObjectivesDiagram 3: Comparison of the Old and New CurriculumsThe students’ attitudes to learning strongly influence their learning and developmentSuccessful learning strategies improve the effectiveness of students’ learningCultural awareness ensures students use language appropriatelyTable 1: The Overall Descriptors for Comprehensive Language CompetencePart 3: The General Objectives in DetailDetailed descriptors for Levels 2 and 5 of each of the five general objectives are presented in the following tables. Please refer to the translation of the senior English curriculum (available from the VSO Programme Office) for Level 6 – 9 descriptors.Table 2: Level Descriptors for Language Skills ObjectiveN.B. The original includes Language Skills descriptors for Levels 1,3,4,6,7,8 and 9Table 3: Level Descriptors for Language Knowledge ObjectiveTable 4: Level Descriptors for Affective Attitudes ObjectiveTable 5: Level Descriptors for Learning Strategies ObjectiveTable 6: Level Descriptors for Cultural AwarenessPart 4: Guidelines for ImplementationSuggestions for Teaching and LearningLay the groundwork for students’ all-round and lifelong developmentTeaching and learning should meet the diverse needs of all students, ensuring the healthy development of their mind and body. In particular the teacher should pay attention to the following:Encourage students to use English bravely, taking a lenient attitude towards mistakes they make during the learning process.Give students plenty of space for self-development.Encourage students to develop their language skills in an integrated way through experiential, practical, cooperative and inquiry-based learning.Create conditions that allow students to explore questions they are personally interested in and solve problems by themselves.Create a relaxed, democratic and harmonious learning environmentPositive attitudes are an essential condition for effective learning. Negative attitudes can not only reduce the effectiveness of study but also adversely affect students’ long-term development. In particular, teachers should heed the following:Respect each individual student, actively encouraging everyone to try and safeguarding their self-esteem and enthusiasm.Integrate students’ English education with their emotional education. D evelop cooperative spirit by organizing learning activities that let students work together, help each other and experience group recognition and achievement.Pay particular attention to introverted students or weak learners, trying to give them as many language practice opportunities as possible.Activities must have clear and achievable aims and objectives.Activities must be relevant to students’ life experiences and interests; the content and style should be as true to life as possible.Activities should be of a cross-curricular nature, promoting the integrated development of students’ thinking and imagination, aesthetic and artistic sense, cooperative and creative spirit.Activities should not purely be limited to the classroom but also extend to out of school learning.N.B. In July 2005 VSO’s curriculum advisor, Professor Zhang Lianzhong, mentioned that this section of the curriculum will be revised such that “we will take the TBL (Task-Based Learning) approach as one of the useful tools within the big box of Communicative Language Learning.”1.4. Provide increased guidance about learning strategiesHelping students to adopt good study habits and effective learning strategies is one of the important tasks of the new curriculum. Teachers should consciously give students guidance about learning strategies so that, through learning and using English, they are learning how to learn. To this end the teacher should observe the following:Give students chances to establish their own study targets and the means of fulfilling these.Help students to use inference, research and inquiry style methods to carry out their learning.Develop students’ practical abilities and creative thinking by designing inquiry based activities.Encourage students to use observation, discovery and induction to acquire language knowledge and grasp language functions.Help students to carry out self-assessment during the learning process and adjust their own learning objectives and strategies appropriately according to the results.Language and culture are closely related, language being the main transmitter and carrier of culture. Teachers should work hard to help students achieve the following during the English learning process:Understand foreign cultures, especially those of English speaking countriesUse English appropriatelyConstantly broaden their cultural horizonsDeepen their understanding of their own cultureUse modern teaching technology and expand learning opportunitiesIn order to increase the effectiveness of teaching and learning, teachers should make good use of modern technology, expand the range resources and opportunities through which students can learn, thereby modernizing learning ways. Conditions permitting, teachers should try to:Create conditions for students to study more independently through sensible use of a variety of learning resources, such as broadcasts, print media, libraries and the Internet.Organize lively and active extracurricular activities to promote students’ English learningTeachers should arrange a variety of extracurricular activities according to the students’ age and interests to help them expand their knowledge, broaden their horizons, strengthen their intellect and individuality and use their talents. The content and form of these carefully planned activities should be rich and varied. Suggestions include:RecitalsSongsStory tellingSpeechesPerformancesEnglish cornerEnglish wall displaysCclass discussionsExhibitionsThe teacher should be good at leading these activities to maintain students’ interest and foster their creativity and initiative.Continue to develop professionallyTeachers should aim to:Familiarize themselves with the principles, objectives, content, teaching and learning methods, psychological theories and language learning research findings of this curriculumSelect and adjust English teaching and learning strategies according to their students’ psychological characteristicsDevelop their ability to organize and monitor activitiesUse a variety of teaching skills and methods flexiblyMaster the use of modern educational technology, using it increasingly in their own continuing study and real classroom practiceConsciously deepen their knowledge of Chinese and foreign culturesActively and creatively explore which teaching and learning methods best suit their students’ needs, local conditions and the objectivesFollow high frequency principles to ensure effective teaching and learningIn Grades 3-6 there should be a minimum of four teaching and learning periods per week, with shorter periods for the younger years. For Grades 5 and 6 classes should not exceed two periods in length. In order to ensure the effectiveness of teaching and learning, class sizes should not exceed 40 at primary level. Grades 7 –9 and senior school students should have a minimum of four lessons a week.N.B. The original provides five sample learning activities here that have not been translated.Suggestions for Assessment and EvaluationLet students continuously experience progress and success during the learning processLet students know their own progress and build confidenceProvide the teacher with feedback on the teaching and learning processHelp the teacher reflect on their own teaching practice and adjust it accordinglyHelp the teacher continuously improve the quality of their teachingProvide the school with prompt feedback on the implementation of the curriculumHelp improve educational managementInform the ongoing development and perfection of the new English curriculumEnsure that students are the subjects (not objects) of assessmentAssessment should help students know their own progress, develop self-confidence, reflect on and adjust their own study process, thereby ensuring the continuous development of their language ability.Teachers should help students carry out self-assessment.Students should be active participants and collaborators in a variety of assessment activities.Assessment should be an organic part of teaching and learning activities.Make sure formative assessment plays a role in student developmentEstablish an open and relaxed atmosphere for assessmentUse both tests and other methodsEncourage students, classmates, teachers and parents to collectively participate in assessment, thereby diversifying the subjects of assessmentFormative assessment can take many forms, such as:Comparison and assessment of classroom learning activitiesA learning portfolioQuestionnairesInterviewsFeedback from parentsEveryday quizzes and testsFormative assessment can be recorded in the form of descriptions, levels or marks. No matter what method is used, the role of assessment in encouraging learners must not be forgotten. According to the assessment results, teachers should give students individual feedback, ensuring their steady progress and encouraging them to reflect on and better themselves.Make sure assessment methods are varied and flexibleTeachers must select assessment methods suitable for the age of the students and the learning conditions. During formal assessment teachers should permit students to select assessment methods that suit their characteristics or strengths. If students get unsatisfactory results during a certain test they should be allowed to negotiate with the teacher to retake the test after sufficient preparation.Make sure assessment feedback is used to increase the effectiveness of teaching and learningThe teacher should ask themselves the following questions:Does the assessment help promote autonomous learning and self-confidence?Does the assessment reflect the students’ achievements?Does the assessment reflect the teachers’ strengths and weaknesses?Does the assessment reflect problems in the students’ learning process?Teachers should promptly adjust their teaching methods and plans according to assessment feedback.Listening tests must account for a minimum of twenty percent of termly, yearly and graduation exams.Listening tests should check students’ understanding and ability to gain information rather than asking them to distinguish between different pronunciations.Writing exams should avoid testing knowledge of phonetics or grammar in isolation.There should be an increase in questions that require students to use English in a specific language context.Objective questions with a single correct answer should be reduced in favour of more subjective questions with several correct answers.Exam results should not be publicly displayed nor students ranked in order of their results.Recognize the special characteristics of assessment for Grades 3 – 6The main purpose of assessment at primary level should be to encourage students’ interest and active participation in learning English. Assessment methods should be varied and choice should be offered. Formative assessment should be the main type, focusin g mainly on students’ performance and ability to cooperate during a variety of everyday teaching and learning activities.In Grades 3 and 4 end of term or end of year assessment should use assessment activities similar to normal teaching and learning activities. Through observing students’ behaviour and discussing with them teachers should assess their ability to use English to do things.Pay attention to the relationship between assessment and teaching and learningThe assessment of each level should be founded on the general objectivesThe general objectives should be the basis for all assessment. Since the assessment of Level 2 will be organized by individual places and schools, formative assessment should be the main means. The same applies to all other levels apart from Levels 5 and 8, whose assessment is organized by national and provincial education bodies. Selection exams should unite the requirements of this curriculum with those of local conditions to establish suitable levels and test demands.N.B. Six examples of assessment documents are provide in the original. They are just listed here.Example 1: Self assessment questionnaire for Grade 7-9 students about learning strategiesIncludes statements such as:I can concentrate during study.I often use associations to help study and remember new wordsStudents choose between ‘never’, ‘rarely’, ‘sometimes’, ‘often’ and ‘always’.Example 2: Assessment reference sheet for Grade 3-6 for English ‘playing, performing, watching, speaking and listening’Example 3: Formative assessment scheme for Grade 3-6 listening at Level 2Example 4: Guidelines for using student portfoliosPortfolios might include:Some kind of baseline assessmentA record of the students’ classroom performance – e.g. participation in role-plays, volunteering to read something aloud, etc.Examples of the students’ best written homework, as selected by themselvesTeachers’ and parents’ observations on the students’ study situationExample 5: Guidelines for oral testsIs information coherent and easily expressed? (Students may make grammar and vocabulary mistakes that affect the accuracy but the basic information is still transmitted effectively.)Are the pronunciation, intonation and rhythm natural? Can the speaker be understood?Example 6: Reference sheet for the assessment of writing for Levels 3 – 8.Exploitation and Use of Curricular ResourcesN.B. A full translation of these final two sections is incorporated in the translation of the senior English curriculum available from the Programme Office.Source of this translation:英语课程标准教师读本(修订本),华中师范大学出版社,2003,武汉,ISBN 7-5622-2557-5/G.1317。

英语教学法教学大纲

英语教学法教学大纲

英语教学法教学大纲English Language Teaching Methodology Syllabus.Introduction.The English Language Teaching Methodology Syllabus aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding and applying effective teaching practices in the English language classroom. This syllabus covers a range of topics from teaching theory and principles to practical classroom techniques and materials. By the end of this course, students should be equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to design and implement innovative and engaging English language lessons.Course Objectives.1. To introduce students to the fundamental principles and theories of language teaching and learning.2. To develop students' understanding of different teaching methodologies and their applications in the English language classroom.3. To enhance students' practical skills in teaching English, including lesson planning, classroom management, and student assessment.4. To foster students' ability to critically analyze and evaluate teaching practices and materials.5. To prepare students for professional roles in English language teaching, including teacher training and educational research.Course Content.Module 1: Introduction to Language Teaching and Learning.Principles of language teaching and learning.The role of the teacher and the learner.Theories of second language acquisition.Module 2: Teaching Methodologies.Grammar-translation method.Direct method.Audio-lingual method.Communicative language teaching.Task-based language teaching.Content and language integrated learning.Module 3: Classroom Techniques and Materials. Lesson planning and preparation.Classroom management.Use of visual aids and technology.Creative teaching strategies.Materials selection and adaptation.Module 4: Student Assessment.Forms of assessment.Criteria and standards for assessment.Feedback and its role in learning.Module 5: Professional Development and Research. Teacher training and development.Curriculum design and implementation.Educational research in language teaching.Assessment.Assessment for this course will be comprehensive and include a variety of tasks designed to assess students' understanding of the course content and their ability to apply it in practical settings. Assessment may include written assignments, practical teaching tasks, classroom observations, and a final examination.Conclusion.The English Language Teaching Methodology Syllabus provides a robust framework for developing the skills and knowledge necessary for effective English language teaching. By covering a range of topics from teaching theory to practical classroom techniques, this syllabus prepares students for a successful career in English language education.。

英语国家概况课后答案The Educational System

英语国家概况课后答案The Educational System

一、学习目的与要求了解英语国家,主要是英国和美国的教育制度,包括初等教育,中等教育和高等教育,以及终身教育,成人教育,继续教育,学习化社会等。

二、课程内容(考试内容)1. School systems in Britain and the U.S.2. Compulsory school attendance law3. British grammar school and American grammar school4. Private school and public school5. Day school and boarding school.6. Core subjects in British and American school.7. Universities and Colleges in Britain and the U.S.8.Academic degrees by universities9. Adult education, the Open University, and V ocational education10. Additional Knowledge: Oxbridge三、考核知识点与考核要求识记并理解:1. School systems in Britain and the U.S.2. Compulsory school attendance law3. British grammar school and American grammar school4. Private school and public school5. Day school and boarding school.6. Core subjects in British and American school.7. Universities and Colleges in Britain and the U.S.8. Adult education, the Open University, and V ocational education.9. Additional Knowledge: Oxbridge四、本章关键问题英国和美国教育制度,以及小学、中学、大学教育。

英语作文The UK Education System

英语作文The UK Education System

The UK Education System素质5班10物理侯云虹2010435061Education seems to be more and more important in the new century and an education system can influent it a lot. As we all know UK is a country which pays much attention to the education and its education system is some different from ours. While the education and training systems of England, Wales and Northern Ireland are broadly similar, which attach importance to some alternative courses,the education system in Scotland has always been a completely separate system with its own laws and practices. I will introduce you the former one as follows.The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts, primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education. What’s more, children can choose a state school for free or a private school which is paid by your parents. Even though 7% students choose a private school. But whatever they choose, they have to legally attend primary and secondary education which runs from about 5 years old until the student is 16 years old. While after that students can either extent in to further education or go to work.Primary and secondary education in the UK is just like our Primary School and Middle School education which is also mandatory. Primary education begins in the UK at age 5 and continues until age 11. It seems that their study is easier and more relaxed compared with ours. From age 11 to 16, students will enter secondary school to start their move towards taking the GCSE. After five years of secondary education, students take exams in a range of subjects at the level of General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). The GCSE is a single subject exam set and marked by independent exam boards. Students usually take up to ten (there is no upper or lower limit) GCSE exams in different subjects, including mathematics and Englishlanguage. Students are given a letter score of A-G where A is the top grade. A, B or C grades are regarded as equivalent to the 'pass' grades in the previous GCE exam, known as O-Level.After taking GCSEs students may leave secondary schooling, may go on to further education. Just as it’s called Further education can be seen as preparing for the umiversities or colleges. Once a student finishes secondary education they have the option to extend into further education to take their A-Levels, GNVQ's, BTEC's or other such qualifications. Students can go either Academic Route or Vocational Route. Students who go on to further education colleges should pass the GNVQ’s and those who want to enter universities should take a higher level of secondary school exams known as 'A-Levels' (typically in 2-4 subjects) after a further two years of study, which are required for university entrance in the UK. So UK students planning to go to college or university must complete further education.The UK has a vast variety of higher education opportunities to offer students with over 100 universities offering various degree programs for students from the UK and around the world. In the UK most undergraduate degree programs take three years to finish; however, the “sandwich course” is increasing in popularity, which is four years and involves one year in the work places. After your graduation you can get your master degree, which can be divided into BA-Bachelor of Art, BSc-Bachelor of Sciense, BEng-Bachelor of Engineering and LLB according to your major. It does’t mean that their education cannot continue any moer and after that they can go further, for example they can struggle for the Maser degree even the Doctorial degree.That’s the UK education system。

牛津剑桥英语体系对比

牛津剑桥英语体系对比

牛津剑桥英语体系对比Diving into the heart of academia, the comparison between the English systems of Oxford and Cambridge is a timeless debate that has captivated the minds of scholars and students alike. Both institutions, with their storied histories and unparalleled reputations, are often considered the pinnacle of education in the English-speaking world. Yet, despitetheir shared prestige, there are distinct differences that set them apart.Oxford, the older of the two, boasts a rich tapestry of traditions that date back to the 11th century. Its English system is characterized by a collegiate structure, where each college operates as a semi-autonomous entity with its own endowments, governance, and academic focus. This fosters a sense of community and belonging among students and faculty, creating a unique educational experience that is both personalized and diverse.Cambridge, while not as ancient as Oxford, has its own charm and academic rigor. Its English system is similarly collegiate, but with a slightly different approach to governance and academic life. Cambridge is known for its emphasis on research and innovation, with a strong focus on scientific and technological advancements. This has led to a vibrant intellectual environment that encourages students to push the boundaries of knowledge.Both universities offer a tutorial system, where students engage in one-on-one or small group discussions with tutors. This method of teaching is designed to challenge and stimulate critical thinking, a hallmark of the English educational system. However, the style of these tutorials can vary, with Oxford often being described as more traditional and Cambridge as more progressive.In terms of student life, the two cities offer different experiences. Oxford's city center is a blend of the medieval and the modern, with its colleges nestled among the city's historic streets. Cambridge, on the other hand, is characterized by its green spaces and the River Cam, providing a tranquil setting for study and reflection.Ultimately, the choice between Oxford and Cambridge is not just about the English system or the academic programs they offer, but also about the atmosphere and the ethos of each institution. Both are steeped in history and tradition, yet they continue to evolve and adapt to the changing landscape of higher education. Whether it's the dreaming spires of Oxford or the tranquil waters of Cambridge, the decision to study at either is a journey into a world of intellectual pursuit and personal growth.。

外研版英语九下Module2《Education》模块说课稿

外研版英语九下Module2《Education》模块说课稿

外研版英语九下Module 2《Education》模块说课稿一. 教材分析外研版英语九下Module 2《Education》模块主要讨论了教育这一主题,通过介绍不同国家的教育体系、学生的学习生活以及如何选择合适的职业等方面,让学生了解教育的多样性和重要性。

本模块共包含四个课时,分别是“Education systems in the world”, “Students and school life”, “Choosing a career”, “The importance of education”。

本模块的内容与学生的日常生活紧密相连,易于引起学生的兴趣和共鸣。

通过学习本模块,学生可以提高自己的英语水平,拓展自己的视野,了解更多的教育信息和职业选择,为自己的未来发展做好准备。

二. 学情分析九年级的学生已经掌握了基本的英语语法和词汇,具备一定的听说读写能力。

他们对教育问题和职业选择有一定的了解,但可能缺乏深入的思考和系统的认识。

此外,学生的学习动机和态度可能存在差异,需要教师在教学中关注并进行有针对性的引导。

三. 说教学目标1.知识目标:学生能够掌握模块中规定的词汇、语法和功能句型,了解不同国家的教育体系、学生的学习生活以及如何选择合适的职业。

2.能力目标:学生能够在真实语境中运用所学的词汇和句型进行交流,提高自己的听说读写能力。

3.情感目标:学生能够认识到教育的重要性,对自己的未来有更明确的目标和规划。

四. 说教学重难点1.重点:模块中规定的词汇、语法和功能句型。

2.难点:如何运用所学的词汇和句型进行真实的交流,以及对教育问题和职业选择的理解和思考。

五. 说教学方法与手段1.任务型教学法:通过设计各种任务,让学生在完成任务的过程中运用所学的词汇和句型,提高学生的语言运用能力。

2.情境教学法:通过创设各种情境,让学生在真实的环境中学习英语,提高学生的学习兴趣和积极性。

3.合作学习法:通过小组合作完成任务,培养学生的团队协作能力和沟通能力。

英语教学方法

英语教学方法

英语教学方法Teaching Methods in English Language EducationIntroductionEnglish language education is a critical component of modern education systems around the world. As the global lingua franca, English proficiency is essential for communication, academic success, and career opportunities. To effectively teach English to students of all ages and proficiency levels, educators employ a variety of teaching methods. In this article, we will explore some of the most common and effective teaching methods in English language education.1. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)Communicative Language Teaching, or CLT, is an approach to language education that emphasizes the importance of communication in language learning. In a CLT classroom, thefocus is on meaningful interaction and real-life communication. Teachers create activities and tasks that require students to use English to convey messages, solve problems, and negotiate meaning. This method encourages students to develop their speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills in authentic contexts.2. Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT)Task-Based Language Teaching, or TBLT, is an approach that focuses on the use of language to complete specific tasks. In a TBLT classroom, students are given tasks that require them to use English to achieve a specific goal, such as giving directions, solving a problem, or making a presentation. By engaging in these real-world tasks, students develop their language skills in a practical and meaningful way.3. The Direct MethodThe Direct Method is an approach to language teaching that emphasizes the use of the target language in theclassroom. In a Direct Method classroom, teachers use only the target language to instruct and communicate with students. This method aims to create an immersive language learning environment where students learn to think and communicate directly in the target language, withoutrelying on translation or their native language.4. The Audio-Lingual MethodThe Audio-Lingual Method is an approach to language teaching that focuses on the repetition and memorization of language patterns. In an Audio-Lingual classroom, students engage in drills and exercises that require them to repeat and practice language structures and patterns. This method aims to develop students' language fluency and accuracy through extensive practice and repetition.5. The Grammar-Translation MethodThe Grammar-Translation Method is an approach to language teaching that focuses on the explicit teaching of grammar rules and the translation of texts. In a Grammar-Translation classroom, students learn grammar rules and vocabulary through rote memorization and translation exercises. This method aims to develop students' reading and writing skills, as well as their understanding of the structure of the language.6. The Total Physical Response (TPR) MethodThe Total Physical Response Method is an approach to language teaching that emphasizes the use of physical movement and action in language learning. In a TPR classroom, students learn language by responding to commands and instructions with physical actions. This method aims to engage students' kinesthetic learning abilities and create a dynamic and interactive language learning experience.7. The Suggestopedia MethodThe Suggestopedia Method is an approach to language teaching that focuses on creating a positive and relaxed learning environment. In a Suggestopedia classroom,teachers use music, art, and relaxation techniques to create a comfortable and stress-free atmosphere for language learning. This method aims to reduce students' anxiety and facilitate the absorption of new language material.ConclusionIn conclusion, English language education employs a variety of teaching methods to effectively teach students of all ages and proficiency levels. From communicative approaches like CLT and TBLT to more traditional methods like the Direct Method and Grammar-Translation Method, educators have a range of techniques at their disposal to help students develop their language skills. By understanding and utilizing these different teaching methods, educators can create engaging and effective language learning experiences for their students.。

英式教育和美式教育的区别英语作文

英式教育和美式教育的区别英语作文

英式教育与美式教育的差异Education systems across the globe vary significantly, with the British and American systems being particularly noteworthy. While both systems have their unique strengths and weaknesses, the differences between them are profound and reflect the distinct cultural and historical backgrounds of each country. This essay aims to explore the key differences between British and American education, focusing on curriculum content, teaching methods, assessment criteria, and the role of education in society. Curriculum ContentThe British education system is known for its focus on a broad and balanced curriculum that emphasizes the core subjects of English, mathematics, and science. British schools also place a strong emphasis on the humanities, including history, geography, and languages, which are considered integral to developing a well-rounded understanding of the world. By contrast, the American education system tends to be more flexible, allowing for more elective courses and a greater focus on practical, hands-on learning. American schools often provide a broaderrange of subjects, including those related to the arts, technology, and vocational training.Teaching MethodsTeaching methods in British schools tend to be more traditional, with a focus on lectures and textbooks. Teachers play a directive role, guiding students through the material and ensuring that they are meeting the required standards. In contrast, American schools often adopt a more student-centered approach, encouraging active learning and hands-on experiences. Teachers in the United States tend to act as facilitators, guiding students towards independent discovery and encouraging critical thinking.Assessment CriteriaAssessment criteria in British schools are typically more focused on academic achievement, with exams and tests playing a significant role. British students are expected to demonstrate a high level of proficiency in core subjects and to achieve high grades in order to progress to the next level of education. In the United States, however, assessment is often more diverse, incorporating a range ofcriteria such as participation, creativity, and practical skills. American schools also tend to place a greater emphasis on continuous assessment, with teachers providing regular feedback to students throughout the year.The Role of Education in SocietyThe role of education in British society is highly valued, with a strong emphasis on academic excellence and the pursuit of higher education. British society tends to view education as a means of social mobility and as a prerequisite for success in many professions. In the United States, education is also highly valued, but there is a greater emphasis on practicality and vocational training. American society tends to view education as a means of preparing students for the workforce and as a tool for economic growth and development.In conclusion, the differences between British and American education systems are numerous and reflect the distinct cultural and historical backgrounds of each country. British education focuses on a broad and balanced curriculum, traditional teaching methods, and academic assessment, while American education emphasizes flexibility,student-centered learning, and a more diverse range of assessment criteria. Both systems have their strengths and weaknesses, and it is important to recognize the value of both approaches in order to create a more comprehensive and inclusive education system.**英式教育与美式教育的差异**全球的教育体系存在显著的差异,其中英式教育和美式教育尤为引人注目。

英语二+6单元课文(带每句翻译)

英语二+6单元课文(带每句翻译)

Unit 6Text AThe British Educational System 英国的教育体系All over the world,the mention of English education suggest s a picture of“public schools”,一提起英国教育呈现在人们面前的往往是一幅“公学”的画面,and it suggest s in particular the name s of certain very famous instruction s—Eton,Oxford and Cambridge;特别是一些著名的教育机构——伊顿、牛津、剑桥等;but People do not always realize what place these institution s occupy in the who1e educational system.但是人们往往不了解这些机构在英国整个教育体系中所占的位置。

Oxford and Cambridge are universit ies each haying about 12,000 student s out of a total of over 250,000 student s at all British universit ies.牛津和剑桥两所大学分别拥有大约12 000在校生,而全英在校大学生的总数超过250 000。

Eton is a public school,and the best known of the public school s.伊顿是所公学,也是最著名的公学。

which,in spite of their name,are not really public at all,尽管名字叫公学,其实并不是真正意义上的公立学校,but independent and private secondary school s taking boy s from the age thirteen to eighteen year s.而是所独立的私立中学。

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Pre-School
• The government has promised to improve the quality of education available for this age group and to increase the quantity of available places. All four year olds are now promised a part-time place of five morning or afternoon sessions per week, and the government has set a target of providing a place for two thirds of three year olds by 2002.
Types of Government School
• Community schools - the largest category of mainstream comprehensives, largely under the control of the local education authority. • Foundation schools - exercising a greater degree of independence, the governing body is the 'employer' and sets admissions policies. • Voluntary-aided schools - such as church schools, in which the governing body sets admissions policies and in which the charitable foundation which 'owns' the school makes a financial contribution to its running. • Voluntary-controlled schools - these are owned by charitable foundations, but the local authority employs staff and sets admissions policies.
Pre-School
• The pre-school sector includes a patchwork quilt of places provided by state, voluntary and private nurseries, childminders and playgroups available to children between the ages of two and five. At the end of 2000 there were 937,000 pre-school places available - 264,000 in day nurseries, 353,000 in playgroups and other settings and 320,000 with childminders.

Primary Schools
• The average class sizes of five, six and seven year olds suggest that the government is on target to fulfil its promise of classes of 30 or below. • The government has also set targets for levels of literary and numeracy, on the grounds that a child who does not learn to read well and handle numbers early on runs the risk of falling further behind in all subjects.

Secondary Schools
• The new emphasis is on raising standards for 11 to 14 year olds, with the literacy and numeracy strategies that have been used in primary schools being extended to the lower secondary years. The government's targets are that, by 2004, 75% of 14 year olds will be expected to reach Level 5 - the level expected for their age - in English, maths, and information and communication technology (ICT). The figure for science is 70%.
The English Education System
Dr Leon Tikly
Contents
• The structure of the education system in England • Types of school • The direction of educational reform

Selective Schools
• • A large majority of the three million secondary school pupils in England attend non-selective comprehensives, but there are a number of ongoing disputes concerning selection. There are 164 grammar schools in England, taking pupils who have passed an 11-plus exam. But in response to calls for the abolition of these remaining grammars, the government introduced regulations for local ballots of parents that will determine whether schools remain selective.

Primary Schools
• Primary education in England begins at age five. Local education authorities must provide all children with a school place no later than the start of the term after their fifth birthday. Primary schools consist mainly of infant schools for children aged five to seven, junior schools for those aged seven to 11, and combined junior and infant schools for both age groups.
Independent Schools
• Fee-charging schools are sometimes described as ''private schools'' or traditionally in England (somewhat confusingly) ''public schools". Independent schools receive no grants from public funds and are owned and managed under special trusts. Most independent schools offer a similar range of courses to state schools and enter pupils for the same public examinations. The independent sector is not obliged to teach the National Curriculum and comply with the associated education targets.

Secondary Schools
• In state-sector secondary schools there has been increasing diversification, with the emergence of "beacon schools", "specialist schools" and the setting up of action zones in areas of educational underachievement. By February 2001 there were 536 specialist schools in England out of a total of 3,500 schools offering advanced teaching in languages, technology, sports and arts - with a further 72 given the go-ahead.
Primary Schools
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