本地化翻译(Localization)金融类术语及英文解释(期权)

本地化翻译（Localization）金融类术语及英文解释（期权）
Investment certificates（投资证书）
An investment certificate is an investment product offered by an investment company or brokerage firm designed to offer a competitive yield to an investor with the added safety of their principal.
A certificate allows the investor to make an investment and to earn a guaranteed interest rate for a predetermined amount of time. The product rules and specifics can vary depending on the company selling the certificates.
（投资公司发放的一种投资凭证，凭借这种凭证，投资人可以在一段时间后获得固定利率的收入。

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Subscription rights（认股权）
The right of existing shareholders in a company to retain an equal percentage ownership over time by subscribing to new stock issuances at or below market prices. The subscription right is usually enforced by the use of rights offerings（配股）, which allow shareholders to exchange rights for shares of common stock at a price generally below what the stock is currently trading for.
Subscription rights are not necessarily guaranteed by all companies, but most have some form of dilution protection in their charters. If granted this privilege, shareholders may purchase their shares before they are offered to the secondary markets. This form of dilution protection is usually good for a few weeks before a company will go about seeking new investors in the broad market.
Investors will receive notification of their subscription right by mail (from the company itself) or through their brokers or custodians.
Variable rate bonds（浮息债券）
An interest rate on a loan or security that fluctuates over time, because it is based on an underlying benchmark interest rate or index that changes periodically. The obvious advantage of a variable interest rate is that if the underlying interest rate or index declines, the borrower's interest payments also fall. Conversely, if the underlying index rises, interest payments increase.
The underlying benchmark interest rate or index for a variable interest rate depends on the type of loan or security. Variable interest rates for mortgages, automobiles and credit cards may be based on a benchmark rate such as the prime rate in a country. Banks and financial institutions charge consumers a spread over this benchmark rate, with the spread depending on a number of factors such as the type of asset and the consumer's credit rating.
For variable interest rate bonds, the benchmark rate may be the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). Some variable rate bonds also use the five-year, 10-year or 30-year U.S. Treasury bond yield as the benchmark interest rate, offering a coupon rate that is set at a certain spread above the yield on U.S. Treasuries.
Fixed-interest bonds（定息债券）
A debt instrument such as a bond, debenture or gilt-edged bond that investors use to loan money to a company in exchange for interest payments. A fixed-interest security pays a specified rate of interest that does not change over the life of the instrument. The face value is returned when the security matures.
Fixed-interest securities are less risky than equities, since in the event that a company is liquidated, bondholders are repaid before shareholders. However, bondholders are considered unsecured creditors and may not get any or all of their principal back.
Fixed-interest securities are also subject to interest-rate risk. Since their interest rate is fixed, these securities will become less valuable as rates go up in a rising-interest-rate environment. If interest rates fall, however, the fixed-interest security becomes more valuable.
Zero bonds/Zero coupon bond（零息债券）
A debt security that doesn't pay interest (a coupon) but is traded at a deep discount, rendering profit at maturity when the bond is redeemed for its full face value.
Also known as an "accrual bond."
Some zero-coupon bonds are issued as such, while others are bonds that have been stripped of their coupons by a financial institution and then repackaged as zero-coupon bonds. Because they offer the entire payment at maturity, zero-coupon bonds tend to fluctuate in price much more than coupon bonds.
（Investopedia）。