情态动词have_done

情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一，现将其用法总结归纳如下：
一、must+have+done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句.
1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了
二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。

1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。

2.Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了
三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。

1.There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?
2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
四、could+have+done’是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做.
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本来他能通过考试，但他太粗心
五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。

—What has happened to George?
—I don't know. He may have got lost.
—乔治发生了什么事？
—我不知道，他可能迷路了。

六、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might 与may意思相同，但可能性更小。

多用于虚拟语气结构中。

1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。

2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。

七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。

1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。

2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。

八、“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。

” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了.含有指责对方或自责的含意
1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。

2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。

九、“ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。

与
“should+have+done”用法基本一样。

I ought to have gone home last Sunday.
我理应上星期日回家。

You ought not to have given him more help.
你不应该帮助他那么多。

十、“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。

“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。

I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。

He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。

“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。

1．should (ought to) have＋过去分词
表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“should not ／ought not to have＋过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。

Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up.（04’广西卷）
A.should have arrived
B.should arrive
C.should have had arrived
D.should be arriving
[解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”.故答案选[A]
2．needn’t have＋过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。

As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning.(06’陕西卷)
A. mayn’t
B. can’t
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t [解析] He needn't have come，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句意，答案应选[D]。

[注意] He didn't need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。

3．must have＋过去分词用于肯定句,表示‘过去一定做过某事’,表示一种很有把握的推测
[注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。

I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere .（05’北京春季）
A. must drop
B. must have dropped
C. must be dropping
D. must have been dropped [解析]本题应选B。

本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。

I ____have been more than six years old when the accident happened.(05’天津卷)
A. shouldn't
B. couldn't
C. mustn't
D. needn't [解析]从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。

故本题选[b] 。

4．may／might have＋过去分词表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能／大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。

We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (06’天津卷)
A. needn’t
B. may not
C. shouldn’t
D. mustn’t Key:[b]
5．can／could have＋过去分词 表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能／也许已做了某事吗？”。

--- I stayed at a hotel while in New York .
--- Oh, did you? You ＿＿＿＿with Barbara．
A. could have stayed
B. could stay
C. would stay
D. must have stayed
Key: [A]
巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。

1．---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?
---No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all.
A. couldn’t have waited
B. needn’t have
C. didn’t need to
D. should wait
2．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.
A. could
B. might
C. should
D. must
3．---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o’clock tonight ?”
1
---“I’m sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”
A. will have gone
B. had gone
C. would have gone
D. has gone
4．---Tom took away our teacher’s cell phone without being permitted.
--- Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a thing.
A. must
B. may
C. can
D. should 5．--- Was it you that made the suggestion?
--- It have been. I can’t remember.
A. need
B. must
C. should
D. may 6．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .
A. should have taken
B. could have taken
C. needn't have taken
D. mustn't have taken 7．He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need
8．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She
at the meeting .
A. mustn’t have spoken
B. mightn’t have spoken
C. can’t have spoken
D. shouldn’t have spoken 9．--- Hi, is that Peter Brown?
---Sorry. You ______ the wrong number .
A. must dial
B. must have dialed
C. should dial
D. should have dialed
10．I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour .
A. should have been doing
B. must have been doing
C. could have done
D. would have done
Keys for reference：1---5 CAADD 6---10 CACBB 高考“情态动词＋have done”考点解析
“情态动词＋have done”结构是高考重要考点，也是较难掌握的语法项目之一，为了帮助同学们更好地掌握使用这一考点，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法。

考点之一：在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句中用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词＋现在完成时”，即：would/ could/ should/ might have done。

例如：
If they had finished the work on time, they would have been praised by the manager.
If you had worked hard, you could have passed the examination.
高考题分析： 1. If it ___ for the snow, we ___ the mountain yesterday. ( MET91)
A. were not; could have climbed
B. were not; could
C. had not been; could have climbed
D. had not been; could climb
2. --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. --- Oh, did you? You ___ with Barbara. (NMET98) A. could have stay
B. could stay
C. would stay
D. must have stay
3. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, she ___ something she would regret later.( 96上海)
A. had said
B. said
C. might say
D. might have said
答案简析： 1. 根据信息词yesterday可以判断该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中应该用“情态动词＋现在完成时”，故答案选C。

2. 本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：If you hadn’t stay at a hotel while in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara. 表达了与过去事实相反的情况，答案选A。

3. 本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。

表达了与过去事实相反的情况，故答案选D。

考点之二：must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，语气较强，意思是“一定……、肯定……”。

其否定形式分别用can’t/ couldn’t和can/ could。

例如：
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为今晨地面是潮湿的。

She didn’t attend the lesson yesterday. She must have been ill.
她昨天没有上课，她一定是生病了。

巩固练习：
He ____ have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. (05北京26题)
A. should
B. must
C. wouldn’t
D. can’t
This cake is very sweet. You ___ a lot of sugar in it. (05辽宁26题)
A. Should put
B. could have put
C. might put
D. must have put
--- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?
--- Something ___ to him. ( 05江西22题)
A. must happen
B. should have happened
C. could have happened
D. must have happened
I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ___ at least 150 kilometers an hour. ( 05重庆33题)
A. should have been doing
B. must have been doing
C. could have done
D. would have done
I ____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.( 05天津14题)
A. shouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t
--- Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. (05 湖北32题)
A. shouldn’t
B. must n’t
C. can’t
D. wouldn’t
1. I didn’t hear the phone. I ____ asleep. (MET 89)
A. must be
B. must have been
C. should be
D. should have been
2. --- I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didn’t recognize the voice.
--- On, it ___ my brother, Peter.
A. must be
B. must have been
C. can have been
D. might be
答案简析：
1. 关键词是didn’t,说明动作发生在过去,所以是对已经发生过的情况的推测判断.故答案选B
2. 本句的意思是：我昨天朝你家里打的电话。

是对过去情况的推测判断，应该用must have done结构。

故答案选
B.
一、“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句.如：
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
You must have been mad to speak to the servant.
二、“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。

can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句，could的语气较can弱。

如：I didn't see her at the meeting this morning; she can't / couldn't have spoken at the meeting.
He can't have finished the work so soon.
三、“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，might的语气比may弱一点。

这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句，疑问句改用can 或could。

如：
*They may not have known it beforehand.
* You might have read about it in the papers.
四、“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情，或过去做某事纯属多余。

如：Need
2
they have done it last week?
I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
五、“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做，其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了，这种句式含有不满或责备之意，ought to的语气比should强一些。

如：
You ought to / should have studied harder. 你本应该更努力学习的。

（但没有）
He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that. 他本来就不该做那件事。

（可是做了）
六、“would ＋have ＋过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测，或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成，通常用来说明某一情况，但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。

如：
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.
Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.
以上是我教学经验总结的最全的“情态动词+have done”了，希望能帮助你并获得你的采纳！
“情态动词＋have done”重点讲解
“情态动词＋have done”结构是高考重要考点，也是较难掌握的语法项目之一，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法。

一、在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词＋现在完成时”，即would/ could/ should/ might have done
例If he had worked hard, he would have passed the Collage Entrance Examination.如果他学习努力，他就会通过高考了。

巩固练习
1. --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. --- Oh, did you?You ___ with Barbara. (NMET98)
A. could have stay
B. could stay
C. would stay
D. must have stay
2. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, she ___ something she would regret later.( 96上海)
A. had said
B. said
C. might say
D. might have said
答案简析
1. 答案A本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：If you hadn’t stay at a hotel while in New York, yo u could have stayed with Barbara. 表达了与过去事实相反的情况。

>
2. 答案D本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。

表达了与过去事实相反的情况。

二、must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，语气较强，意思是“一定……、肯定……”
例It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为今晨地面是潮湿的。

巩固练习 1. I didn’t hear the phone. I ____ asleep. (NMET
89)
A. must be
B. must have been
C. should be
D. should have been
2. --- I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didn't recognize the voice.
--- On, it ___ my brother, Peter.
A. must be
B. must have been
C. can have been
D. might be 答案简析
1. 答案B关键词是didn’t，说明动作发生在过去，所以是对已经发生过的情况的推测判断。

2. 答案B 本句的意思是：我昨天朝你家里打的电话。

这是对过去情况的推测判断，应该用must have done结构。

三、may/ might have done也用于对已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，但语气稍弱，意思是“可能，或许……”。

例如：She did n’t get there in time. She may have missed the bus.
她没能及时到达那儿。

她可能没赶上汽车。

He didn’t come to school today. He might have been ill.他今天没来上课，他可能病了。

巩固练习：
1. Sorry, I’m late. I ____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.( 2000春)
A. might
B. should
C. can
D. will
2. The window was broken. Tom ____ have done that, for he was a little naughty.
A. could
B. might
C. should
D. ought to
3. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ___ something she would regret later. (1996 上海) A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said 答案简析：这三句表达的都是对过去已经发生过的情况的推测判断，意思是“可能、或许……”，应该用may/might have done结构。

答案分别选ABD。

三、如果对过去情况推测判断的句子是疑问句和否定句，只能用can／could和can’t,／couldn’t。

例如：He can’t have gone abroad; I saw him an hour ago.
他不可能去国外，我一个小时前还见到他呢。

--- Can he have passed the exam? --- No, he can’t have. He didn’t work hard.
他通过考试了吗？不，他不可能通过考试。

他学习不努力。

巩固练习：
1. --- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
--- It ___ a comfortable journey. （MET95）
A. can’t be
B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been
D. couldn’t have been
2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, so he
____ your lecture. (2002 上海) A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended
D. shouldn’t have attended
3.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ___ have taken it? (2003 上海春招)
A. should
B. must
C. could
D. would
4.I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this
morning.She____at the meeting.(1995上海)
A. mustn’t have spoken
B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken
D. couldn’t have spoken
答案简析：1、根据They were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.一句中的时态，应该是对过去情况的推测判断，因为车上已经有5位人了，在带上我一个，可以断定这一定是一次不舒适的旅行。

所以，本句表达的是对过去否定的推测判断，应该用can’t/ could have done来表达。

故答案选D。

2、根据句意“我妹妹昨天在大剧院见过他”所以,一定是对过去已经发生的否定的判断,答案选A
3、本句表达的是对过去发生过的情况的疑问，所以应该用could have done，答案选C。

4、本句表达的是过去已发生情况否定的推测判断，应该用couldn’t have done，故答案选D。

四、含有must/ may/ might表示对过去情况推测判断的句子，如果变成反意疑问句，反意疑问句中动词应与情态动词must等后的动词形式保持一致，用一般过去时或现在完成时。

例如：
He must have been living here for years, hasn’t he?
他一定是在这儿住了好几年了，是吗？
You can’t have slept well last night, did you?你昨天晚上没睡好，是不是？
巩固练习：1: Great changes must have taken place in the village in the past few years, ____ they?
A. mustn’t
B. haven’t they
C. can’t
D. didn’t
2. He must have lived a happy a few years ago, ____ he?
3
A. didn’t
B. hasn’t
C. mustn’t
D. can’t
答案简析：1.含有must表示推测判断的句子,其反意疑问句的动词形式应与must后动词时态保持
一致。

可以理解成如果不表示推测判断，该句应该说成：Great changes have taken place in the village in the past few year. 变成反意疑问句后应该说成：Great changes have take place in the past few years, haven’t they? 所以，该题选B。

2. 本句中must后的动词形式应为did，所以，反意疑问句的动词应为didn’t。

故答案选A。

五、should/ ought to have done表示“本来应该做的，而实际上没有做的事情”，其否定形式则表示“已经做了不该做的事情”，含有责备的意思。

例如：
The flowers have died. I should have watered them often.
这些花儿都死了。

我本来应该常给他们浇水的。

（其实没浇水）
You ought not to have told them the truth.你本不应该告诉
他们真相的(其实你告诉他们了)
巩固练习：
1. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ___ come, but why didn’t you? （99 上海） A. must have
B. should
C. need have
D. ought to have
2. Oh, I am not feeling well in the stomach, I ____ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
3. I was really anxious about you. You ___ home without a word. (NMET 2001)
A. mustn’t leave
B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left
D. needn’t leave
--- I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
---You ____ her last week. (04 福建)
A. ought to tell
B. would have told
C. must tell
D. should have told
Mr. White ____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. (04 全国)
4. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up.
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
（04广西卷）
答案简析：1、本句的意思是：昨天的聚会很有意思，你本来应该来的，可你为什么没来？表示“本应该做，而实际上没有做的事情”应该用should/ ought to have done。

答案D。

2.、本句的意思是：我胃不舒服，我刚才不应该吃那么多油炸鸡。

其实你吃了所以应该选C。

3、本句表达的意思是:你不应该一句话没说就离开家.含有责备的意思,做了不应该做的事情,答案B
六、needn’t have done表示“做了本来不必做的事情”，通常不用于肯定句。

例如：
It’s only five minutes’ walk. We needn’t have taken a taxi.
只有5分钟的步行路程，我们本不必乘出租车的。

It is warm today. You needn’t have worn your coat.今天天
气暖和，你本来不必穿大衣的。

巩固练习： 1. He is not poor. You ____ have lent him the money.
A. can’t
B. needn’t
C. couldn’t
D. mustn’t
2. There was plenty of time. You ___ have hurried.
A. won’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. couldn’t 答案简析：1.该句的意思是：他不穷，你本不必借给他钱。

答案选B.
2.该句的意思是：时间充裕着呢，你不必慌忙。

答案选C。

--- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
--- Thanks. you ___ it. I could manage it myself. ( 05福建31题)
A. needn’t do
B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do
D. shouldn’t have done
七、can/ could have done表示“本来能够做而实际上没有做的事情”。

例如：
You could have come here a little earlier.你本来可以早点来到这儿的。

She could have earned a lot of money.她本来可以挣一大笔钱的。

巩固练习：He paid for a seat, when he ___ have entered free.
(05 山东)
A. could
B. would
C. must
D. need
1. I ____ here in time, but I met an old friend of mine. I stopped and talked with him for some time. A. shouldn’t ha ve come B. must have come
C. needn’t have come
D. could have come
2. They ____ have finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hard.
A. must
B. could
C. should
D. might
答案简析： 1. 这句话的意思是：我本来可以按时来这儿的，但是遇到一位老朋友，说了会话，所以没能及时来这儿。

答案选D。

2. 该句的意思是:他们本来可以做天完成工作的,但是昨天雨下的太大,所以没能完成.答案B。

4。