瓦尔登湖—梭罗 解析

• Hating human injustice
• Criticizing modern civilization • Advocation simplicity
《瓦尔登湖》佳句片段欣赏：
1、Ah, the pickerel （梭鱼）of Walden!
when I see them lying on the ice, or in the well which the fisherman cuts in the ice, making a little hole to admit the water, I am always surprised by their rare beauty, as if they were fabulous fishes, they are so foreign to the streets
• Birth: Concord, Massachusetts, July 12, 1817 • Education: Harvard (1833-1837) • Making pencils; running a private school; meeting with Emerson; delivering speeches; working as a land surveyor • In 1845,he began a two-year residence at Walden Pond • Death: 1862 • Inducted into the Hall of Fame （名人堂）in 1969
2、Time is but the stream I go a-fishing in. I drink at it; but while I drink I see the sandy bottom and detect how shallow it is. Its thin current slides away, but eternity remains. • 时间只是我垂钓的溪。我喝溪水，喝 水时候我看到它那沙底，它多么浅啊。 它的汨汨的流水逝去了，可是永恒留 了下来。
梭罗研究专家哈丁： 《瓦尔登湖》的五种读法
1、作为一部自然与人的心灵探索之书； 2、作为一部自力更生过简单生活的指南； 3、作为批评现代生活的一部讽刺作品； 4、作为一部纯文学名著； 5、作为一本神圣的书。
Reference
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden • http://baike.baidu.com/view/152609.htm • http://www.mass.gov/dcr/parks/walden/
Major figures
• Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫.瓦尔多.爱默生
• Henry David Thoreau亨利.大卫.梭罗
玛格丽特.富勒 • Amos Bronson Alcott 奥尔科特
• Margaret Fuller Theodore Parker. 帕克
Walden Pictures
Philosophical Thinking
• Seeing nature as a genuine restorative, healthy influence on man’s spiritual well-being • Disgusted with “the inundations of the dirty institutions of men’s odd-fellow society”. 厌 恶男性肮脏时代的泛滥
• emphasizes the importance of solitude, contemplation, and closeness to nature in transcending the "desperate" existence • mainly expresses a critique of consumerism and capitalism. It praises the importance of self-reliance. He does not perceive nature as a dead and passive object of conquest and exploitation.
Writing Leabharlann Baidutyle
• Lucid（清晰易懂）, simply wrought（精 炼）, and unpretentious（含蓄的） • Told by a credible and forthright first person narrator • As innovative and free as his social thought; A private writer hungering for a large audience; Prophetic Voice（预言式 语言）
• collection of 18 essays
Theme
• a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings
• part of personal declaration of independence, social experiment, voyage of spiritual discovery, satire, and manual for self reliance
Walden
• Published in 1854 • Recounting the two years and two months Thoreau spent at Walden Pond from 1845 to 1847 • Compressing 26 months into a single year, with the passage of four seasons to symbolize human development
Thank you！
Content
Henry David Thoreau
Walden (1)introduction (2)appreciation
Reference
Henry David Thoreau(1817-1862)
American author, poet, philosopher, abolitionist（废 奴主义者）, naturalist, development critic, historian transcendentali st（历史超验主 义者）
• rhetorical devices ：metaphors, allusions,
understatement, hyperbole, personification, irony, satire, metonymy, synecdoche, and oxymorons • shift from a scientific to a transcendental point of view in mid-sentence
Life and Career
Major Works
• A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1839)《在康科德河和梅里马克河的一周》 • “Civil Disobedience” (1849) 《抵制国民政府》 • Walden; /Life in the Woods (1854)《瓦尔登湖》 • "A Plea for Captain John Brown" (1859) • Excursions (1863)《远足》 • The Maine Woods (1864)《缅因森林》 • Cape Cod (1865)《科德角》
梭罗的理想生活模式及其主张
• 1.鼓励人们要简化生活，将时间腾出来深入生命， 品味人生。 • 2.对工业文明、喧嚣社会挤压人类、侵蚀人性心 怀忧虑，认为人类只有过简单淳朴的生活，才能 享受到内心的轻松和愉悦 • 3.瓦尔登湖不仅是梭罗生活的栖息场所，也是他 精神的家园、心灵的故乡。 • 4.梭罗注重生活的自由，他喜欢在大自然中过简 朴生活，这是他对自由、对个人价值执着追求的 表现。
Writing techniques
• use surgically precise language, extended, long and complex paragraphs and sentences, and vivid, detailed, and insightful descriptions
Ideas and Thought
• Placing emphasis on spirit ,or the oversoul as the most important thing in the universe
• Stressing the importance of individual • Offering a fresh perception of nature as a symbolic of the spirit or God
Transcendentalism
A philosophical movement that developed in the 1830s and 1840s in the New England region of the United States as a protest to the general state of culture and society
3、I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. 4、I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary.