2020年自考《商务英语阅读》习题及答案

2020年自考《商务英语阅读》习题及答案
The increasingly likely move by Athens ['æθinz](雅典)to ask bondholders for a voluntary ['vɔləntəri] debt restructuring [ri:'strʌktʃəriŋ] would amount to(总计, 等于)a default(违约), Standard & Poor’s warned on Monday as it cut Greece’s credit rating two notches [nɔtʃ](等级、刻度).标准普尔(Standard & Poor's)周一将希腊信用评级下调了两级，并发出警告称，希腊政府日益可能采取的要求债券持有人自愿进行债务重组的举动将构成违约。

The rating agency said demands from countries such as Germany that Athens should extend the debt payment maturities [mə'tjuəriti] (成熟到期)on bail-out ['beilˌaut](纾困、应急措施) loans would probably lead to similar demands on private creditors. “Such private-sector burden sharing would likely constitute ['kɔnstitju:t](构成组成)a distressed exchange(廉价交易) . . . for which we assign a rating(评定) of selective default,”S&P said.该信用评级机构表示，德国等国家要求希腊延长纾困贷款的债务偿还期限，很可能会导致对私人债权人的类似要求。

“这种要求私人部门分担负担的行为，可能构成廉价交易……对此我们给出选择性违约的评级，”标普表示。

The downgrade to B, six notches into junk territory, comes after European politicians acknowledged publicly that Greece’s €110bn rescue package was insufficient and more help would be needed.此次降级发生在欧洲政界人士公开承认1100亿欧元的希腊纾困方案不够、
需要更多援助之后。

希腊的评级被降至B级，跌入垃圾级范围已有6级。

Jean-Claude Trichet, European Central Bank president, said on Monday he had “nothing to add or withdraw”from the line taken by the chairman of the weekend’s eurozone meeting who said Greece needed “a further adjustment programme”.欧洲央行(ECB)行长让-克洛德•特里谢(Jean-Claude Trichet)周一表示，对于周末欧元区会议的主席有关希腊需要“进一步调整计划”的表态，他没有“什么要添加或删减的”。

But the ECB is strongly opposed to a debt restructuring and does not see an extension of maturities –referred to as a debt reprofiling by some politicians –as feasible or effective.但欧洲央行强烈反对债务重组，也不认为延长债务到期期限——某些政界人士称之为“债务重新布局”——是可行或有效的。

Investors are confused by the terms used by policymakers to describe restructuring. Eurozone ministers at the weekend excluded the option of restructuring. But German and Greek officials have said “voluntary restructuring”is envisaged. Such a move would see bondholders paid back but at a later date, something S&P says would amount to selective default.投资者被政策制定者们用来描述债务重组的词语搞得一头雾水。

欧元区部长们在周末排除了重组这一选择。

但德国与希腊官员称，他们在设想“自愿重组”的做法。

自愿重组后债
券持有人仍将得到债务偿还，只是偿还时间将推迟——标普认为这将构成选择性违约。

Prices of some rare earth metals have doubled in just three weeks amid heavy stockpiling in China that has raised fears over global supplies.一些稀土的价格已在短短三周内增加一倍。

目前中国大举囤积稀土的行为令人担心全球供应。

China produces more than 90 per cent of the world’s rare earths, which refer to 17 elements used in hybrid cars, fluorescent lights and many high- technology applications.中国稀土产量占全球总产量的90%以上。

稀土是17种元素的总称，它们用于混合动力汽车、荧光灯和许多高技术应用。

A recent crackdown by Beijing on rare earth mines and restrictions on exports have caused chaos in some of these markets.北京方面近期对稀土矿的整治以及对稀土出口的限制，已在其中一些稀土市场引发混乱。

Japan and the US, the world’s biggest importers of rare earths, have repeatedly voiced concerns to China, while complaints from industrial users of rare earths have been growing. Last year, China cut rare earth exports by 40 per cent and temporarily banned exports to Japan during a political dispute.日本和美国是全球两大稀土进口国，这两个国家已再三向中国表示关切，与此同时，工业界稀土用户的抱怨声越来越响亮。

去年，中国将稀土出口减少40%，并在一起政治争端。