《计算机英语(第3版)》练习参考答案(5-8)

Unit Five: Software ProcessUnit Five/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. off-the-shelf1 2. exclusive2 3. cascade3 4. requirements; integration4 5. throwaway5 6. immediate; stable67. reuse-oriented; framework78. software; compromisesII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 1. system specification 系统规格说明2 2. unit testing 单位（或单元、部件）测试3 3. software life cycle 软件生命周期（或生存周期）4 4. system validation testing 系统验证测试5 5. evolutionary development process 演化开发过程6 6. simple linear model 简单线性模型77. program unit 程序单元88. throwaway prototype 抛弃式原型99. text formatting 正文格式编排，文本格式化1010. system evolution 系统演变1111. 系统设计范例system design paradigm1212. 需求分析与定义requirements analysis and definition1313. 探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach1414. 系统文件编制system documentation1515. 瀑布模型waterfall model1616. 系统集成system integration1717. 商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf ( 或COTS) software1818. 基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering (CBSE)1919. 软件维护工具software maintenance tool2020. 软件复用software reuseIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, makingchanges if necessary:There are three different types of software maintenance. Firstly, there is maintenance to repair software faults. Coding errors are usually relatively cheap to correct; design errors are more expensive as they may involve rewriting several program components. Requirements errors are the most expensive to repair because of the extensive system redesign that may be necessary. Secondly, there is maintenance to adapt the software to a different operating environment. This type ofmaintenance is required when some aspect of the system’s environment such as the hardware, the platform operating system or other support software changes. The application system must be modified to adapt it to cope with these environmental changes. And thirdly, there is maintenance to add to or modify the system’s functionality. This type of maintenance is necessary when the system requirements change in response to organizational or business change. The scale of the changes required to the software is often much greater than for the other types of maintenance. In practice, there isn’t a clear-cut distinction between these types of maintenance. When you adapt the system toa new environment, you may add functionality to take advantage of new environmental features.Software faults are often exposed because users use the system in unanticipated ways. Changing the system to accommodate their way of working is the best way to fix these faults.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:软件过程比较复杂，而且像所有其他的智能和创造性过程一样，依靠人们作出决定和判断。

由于需要判断和创造性，使软件过程自动化的尝试只取得了有限的成功。

计算机辅助软件工程工具可支持软件过程的某些活动。

然而，至少是在未来几年内，不可能实现更广泛的软件过程自动化，使软件能够接替参与软件过程的工程师来从事创造性设计。

计算机辅助软件工程工具的有效性有限，原因之一是软件过程多种多样。

不存在理想的过程，而且许多组织机构发展了自己的软件开发方法。

这些软件过程不断演变，以利用组织机构中的人员的能力和开发中的系统的具体特点。

对于一些系统来说，需要的是一个高度结构化的开发过程，而对于另外一些系统来说，一个灵活敏捷的过程很可能更为有效。

Unit Five/Section BI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 1. entity2 2. duration3 3. data; process 或process; data4 4. implementedII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 1. check box 复选框，选择框，校验框2 2. structured design 结构化设计3 3. building block 积木块，构建模块，构件4 4. database schema 数据库模式5 5. radio button 单选（按）钮6 6. 系统建模技术system modeling technique77. 模型驱动开发model-driven development88. 数据流程图data flow diagram99. 下拉式菜单drop-down ( 或pull-down) menu1010. 滚动条scroll barUnit Five/Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 1. problem2 2. consequences3 3. design4 4. specific; generalII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 1. procedural language 过程语言2 2. common design structure 通用设计结构3. class and object interaction 类与对象交互4. design constraint 设计约束5. 设计模式design pattern6. 可复用软件reusable software7. 面向对象的系统object-oriented system8. 继承层次inheritance hierarchyUnit Six: DatabaseUnit Six/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 1. flat2 2. data3 3. application; administrators4 4. conceptual5 5. tables6 6. fragmented; replicated77. structured88. entity-relationship; attributesII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 1. end user 最终用户，终端用户2 2. atomic operation 原子操作3 3. database administrator 数据库管理员4 4. relational database model 关系数据库模型5 5. local data 本地数据6 6. object-oriented database 面向对象数据库77. database management system (DBMS) 数据库管理系统88. entity-relationship model (ERM) 实体关系模型99. distributed database 分布式数据库1010. flat file 平面文件1111. 二维表two-dimensional table112. 数据属性data attribute213. 数据库对象database object314. 存储设备storage device415. 数据类型data type516. 数据插入与删除data insertion and deletion617. 层次数据库模型hierarchical database model718. 数据库体系结构database architecture819. 关系数据库管理系统relational database management system (RDBMS)920. 全局控制总线global control busIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:A database is any collection of data organized for storage in a computer memory and designedfor easy access by authorized users. The data may be in the form of text, numbers, or encoded graphics. Small databases were first developed or funded by the U.S. government for agency or professional use. In the 1960s, some databases became commercially available, but their use was funnelled (传送) through a few so-called research centers that collected information inquiries and handled them in batches. Online databases—that is, databases available to anyone who could link up to them by computer—first appeared in the 1970s. Since their first, experimental appearance in the 1950s, databases have become so important that they can be found in almost every field of information. Government, military, and industrial databases are often highly restricted, and professional databases are usually of limited interest. A wide range of commercial, governmental, and nonprofit databases are available to the general public, however, and may be used by anyone who owns or has access to the equipment that they require.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:在关系数据库中，表的行表示记录（关于不同项的信息集），列表示字段（一个记录的特定属性）。