《计算机英语(第3版)》练习参考答案(5-8)

Unit Five: Software Process

Unit Five/Section A

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1. off-the-shelf

1 2. exclusive

2 3. cascade

3 4. requirements; integration

4 5. throwaway

5 6. immediate; stable

67. reuse-oriented; framework

78. software; compromises

II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1 1. system specification 系统规格说明

2 2. unit testing 单位（或单元、部件）测试

3 3. software life cycle 软件生命周期（或生存周期）

4 4. system validation testing 系统验证测试

5 5. evolutionary development process 演化开发过程

6 6. simple linear model 简单线性模型

77. program unit 程序单元

88. throwaway prototype 抛弃式原型

99. text formatting 正文格式编排，文本格式化

1010. system evolution 系统演变

1111. 系统设计范例system design paradigm

1212. 需求分析与定义requirements analysis and definition

1313. 探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach

1414. 系统文件编制system documentation

1515. 瀑布模型waterfall model

1616. 系统集成system integration

1717. 商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf ( 或COTS) software

1818. 基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering (CBSE)

1919. 软件维护工具software maintenance tool

2020. 软件复用software reuse

III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making

changes if necessary:

There are three different types of software maintenance. Firstly, there is maintenance to repair software faults. Coding errors are usually relatively cheap to correct; design errors are more expensive as they may involve rewriting several program components. Requirements errors are the most expensive to repair because of the extensive system redesign that may be necessary. Secondly, there is maintenance to adapt the software to a different operating environment. This type of

maintenance is required when some aspect of the system’s environment such as the hardware, the platform operating system or other support software changes. The application system must be modified to adapt it to cope with these environmental changes. And thirdly, there is maintenance to add to or modify the system’s functionality. This type of maintenance is necessary when the system requirements change in response to organizational or business change. The scale of the changes required to the software is often much greater than for the other types of maintenance. In practice, there isn’t a clear-cut distinction between these types of maintenance. When you adapt the system to

a new environment, you may add functionality to take advantage of new environmental features.

Software faults are often exposed because users use the system in unanticipated ways. Changing the system to accommodate their way of working is the best way to fix these faults.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:

软件过程比较复杂，而且像所有其他的智能和创造性过程一样，依靠人们作出决定和判断。由于需要判断和创造性，使软件过程自动化的尝试只取得了有限的成功。计算机辅助软件工程工具可支持软件过程的某些活动。然而，至少是在未来几年内，不可能实现更广泛的软件过程自动化，使软件能够接替参与软件过程的工程师来从事创造性设计。

计算机辅助软件工程工具的有效性有限，原因之一是软件过程多种多样。不存在理想的过程，而且许多组织机构发展了自己的软件开发方法。这些软件过程不断演变，以利用组织机构中的人员的能力和开发中的系统的具体特点。对于一些系统来说，需要的是一个高度结构化的开发过程，而对于另外一些系统来说，一个灵活敏捷的过程很可能更为有效。

Unit Five/Section B

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1 1. entity

2 2. duration

3 3. data; process 或process; data

4 4. implemented

II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1 1. check box 复选框，选择框，校验框

2 2. structured design 结构化设计

3 3. building block 积木块，构建模块，构件

4 4. database schema 数据库模式

5 5. radio button 单选（按）钮

6 6. 系统建模技术system modeling technique