英语四级语法知识：宾语从句

学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

1. 大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句;

2. 1)从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连

2)从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换

3)从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑问代、副词作引导词

例1：

He told me (that) he would go to college the next year.

他告诉我他明年上大学。

例2：

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

我不知道是否还会有公交车。

3. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。

4. 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。

主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。

真题示例：

Some psychologists claim that people__________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).

1. 本题考查宾语从句，需用陈述语序

2. 主句为一般现在时，从句根据具体情况定，此处用一般现在时即可表达清楚

3. 感到孤独：feel lonely ;出门在外：far away from home或travelling等可以。

答案：might feel lonely when they are far(away) from home 或might feel lonely when they are traveling (they are not in their hometown)

实战演练：

1. I wonder __________ he is crying now.

A. that

B. why

C. how

D. when

2. Could you tell me how much __________ to fly to Hainan?

A. do it cost

B. does it cost

C. it cost

D. it costs

3. That is the day __________I'll never forget.

A. which

B. on which

C. in which

D. when

4. The poor young man is ready to accept __________ help he can get.

A. whichever

B. however

C. whatever

D. whenever

5. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ___________ his teammates had done.

A. what

B. which

C. why

D. while

6. Please tell me __________.

A. what does he like

B. what he does like

C. what he likes

D. what he like

7. My sister told him _________.

A. what day was it

B. when the train arrived

C. who she was waiting

D. where did you live

8. Could you show me ___________?

A. how can I get to the station

B. where is the station

C. how I could get to the station

D. how I can reach the station

9. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows

___________.

A. it what to do with

B. what to do it with

C. what to do with it

D. to do what with it

10. Can you lend me the book ___________the other day?

A. about which you talked

B. which you talked

C. about that you talked

D. that you talked

翻译演练：

1. He explains ______________(限制不再适合于他)because he’s over eighteen.

2. To our surprise, the report said ______________(设计失误导致了悲剧).

3. Little did I know ______________(多少经验能够使我受益).

答案及解析：

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. C

5. A

6. C

7. B

8. D

9.C 10. A

翻译答案：

1. the restriction no longer applies to him

2. design faults lead to the tragedy

3. how much experience would benefit me

【解析】

1. 宾语从句。关系副词why充当wonder的宾语，that不能充当任何成分，其他关系副词不符合句意。句意为：我想知道他现在为什么在哭。

2. 宾语从句中使用陈述语句，主句是一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时。

3. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。

4. 本题考查的引导词引导宾语从句，同时作get的宾语。B、D两项在句中是作状语的;由于没有给出明确的指代物，故A项也不合适;答案为C。

5. 由句式结构可知mention后为宾语从句;do作实意动词时为及物动词，故空格处需要既能作do的宾语，又能引导宾语从句的连词，答案为A。

6. 陈述语句中，从句用陈述语序。

7. 宾语从句中，从句用陈述语序，排除A、D;C选项中，who不能充当tell sb sth中的sth这一直接宾语的成分。