南方医科大学妇产科学2015年考博真题考博试卷
《妇产科学》考试试题及参考答案大全(一)
《妇产科学》考试试题及参考答案本试卷共3页共4大题，考生在作答前应先检查是否有缺页、白页、以防漏答。
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一、选择题：（共40题，每题1分，共40分）1、引起功能失调性子宫出血的主要原因是：BA．生殖系统有器质性改变B．生殖系统出现内分泌失调C．全身器质性改变D．神经内分泌机理失调E．神经系统调节功能障碍2、下列何种辅助检查可以可以确诊无排卵出血：DA．经前宫颈粘液可见椭圆型细胞B．基础体温双相型C．超声可见子宫内膜线增厚D．经前妇科检查子宫增大变软E．经前诊刮，病理示增生期子宫内膜3、对青春期无排卵型功血治疗，首先止血，接下来：CA．加强营养B．积极输血，纠正贫血C．雌－孕激素序贯疗法D．雄激素治疗E．孕激素调整周期4、原发性闭经，孕激素实验未引起子宫出血，再给雌－孕激素序贯疗法也未引起出血，请指出功能异常的部位在：EA、垂体B、丘脑下部C、肾上腺D、子宫E、卵巢5、导致女性不孕最常见的原因：AA、输卵管炎症B、子宫肌瘤C、子宫内膜异位症D、宫颈息肉E、阴道横膈6、无损伤、简便、经济的预测排卵的方法是：BA、超声B、基础体温测定C、宫颈评分D、内分泌测定E、腹腔镜检查7、女性不孕症检测有无排卵时，下列哪项检查不是必须的：EA．阴道细胞学检查B、宫颈粘液涂片检查C、基础体温测定D、经前诊刮或宫内膜活检E、腹腔镜检查8、宫内节育器避孕原理下列哪项是错误的：DA、通过异物的局部效应发挥作用B、异物刺激子宫内膜产生非细菌性炎症反应C、机械作用，阻止孕卵着床D、通过抑制下丘脑－垂体－卵巢轴起作用E、节育器刺激宫内膜产生前列腺素，影响孕卵着床9、早期宫颈癌的确诊方法是：BA、宫颈刮片细胞学检查B、宫颈及颈管的活体组织检查C、阴道镜检查D、碘试验E、分段诊刮术组织切片检查10、绝经2年，阴道不规则少量出血半月。
检查：阴道不充血，宫颈光滑，宫体稍大，诊刮内膜为豆渣状，可能为：DA、更年期月经不调B、生殖器结核C、粘膜下子宫肌瘤D、子宫内膜癌E、老年性阴道炎11、晚期宫内膜癌患者，为暂时控制病情进展，常选用的措施是：BA、大剂量睾酮类药物治疗B、大剂量孕酮类药物治疗C、化疗D、放疗E、手术行细胞减灭术12、属于卵巢上皮性肿瘤的是：AA、浆液性囊腺瘤B、无性细胞瘤C、内胚窦瘤D、颗粒细胞瘤E、畸胎瘤13、下列那种肿瘤与梅格斯（Meigs）综合征有关：CA、子宫肌瘤B、子宫体癌C、卵巢纤维瘤D、输卵管癌E、库肯勃瘤14、葡萄胎的处理下列哪项错误？DA、一经确诊，应尽快腾空子宫B、进行第二次刮宫C、取近子宫壁刮出物送病理检查D、葡萄胎排出后均应进行预防性化疗E、以上都不对15、切除子宫做病理检查，光镜下见子宫壁深肌层内有大量异型的滋养层细胞浸润，并有绒毛结构，应诊断为：CA、水泡状胎块B、子宫内膜癌C、侵蚀性葡萄胎D、绒毛膜癌E、子宫颈癌16、确诊葡萄胎简便可靠的方法是？CA、停经后阴道流血B、子宫比妊娠月份大C、超声诊断D、妊娠试验E、卵巢黄素囊肿17、子宫内膜异位症的主要临床表现是：CA、下腹部持续隐痛B、子宫明显增大C、继发性和渐进性痛经D、后穹隆触痛宫颈举痛E、低热、消瘦18、子宫内膜异位症大多数位于盆腔内，最常侵犯的部位是：EA、子宫骶骨韧带B、输卵管C、子宫直肠陷凹D、子宫膀胱陷凹E、卵巢19、胎盘早剥是指妊娠多少周以后或分娩期正常位置的胎盘在胎儿娩出前部分或全部从子宫壁剥离。
中国医科大学《妇产科学》15年秋在线答案
一、单选题（共 50 道试题，共 100 分。
）1. 更年期功能性子宫出血的激素变化是：()。
A. LH水平低B. FSH水平低C. FSH及LH均低D. FSH及LH均高E. 孕激素水平高满分：2 分2. 下述不符合III度胎盘早剥的有：()。
A. 宫缩正常B. 产妇面色苍白C. 脉搏细弱D. 阴道出血量少E. 妊娠期高血压疾病病人血压可在正常范围满分：2 分3. 急性盆腔结缔组织炎可导致：()。
A. 急性子宫肌炎B. 急性子宫内膜炎C. 急性输卵管炎D. 急性宫颈炎E. 弥漫性腹膜炎满分：2 分4. 属于雌激素的生理作用的是：()。
A. 降低妊娠子宫对缩宫素的敏感性B. 使子宫内膜增生C. 使宫颈粘液减少，变稠，拉丝度减少D. 使阴道上皮细胞脱落加快E. 通过中枢神经系统产生升温作用满分：2 分5. 有关分娩机制，不正确的是：()。
A. 衔接是指颅骨最低点接近坐骨棘水平B. 正常情况下胎头以面先露入盆C. 下降是连续性贯穿于分娩全过程D. 内旋转动作在第一产程末完成E. 子宫收缩力和腹压两者合力而发生仰伸。
满分：2 分6. 关于急性盆腔炎患者的护理和治疗措施，下列哪项是错误的：()。
A. 协助患者保持会阴清洁，防止感染因素B. 保持休息，补充营养和水分C. 用含抗菌药的溶液作阴道灌洗D. 选用足量、有效的抗生素全身使用E. 如有脓肿形成准备手术治疗满分：2 分7. 卵巢分泌的甾体激素，下列错误是：()。
A. 雌激素B. 孕激素C. 雄激素D. 甾体激素属于类固醇激素E. 甲状腺素满分：2 分8. 心脏病孕妇妊娠期间，最危险的时期是：()。
A. 妊娠34～35周B. 妊娠32～34周C. 妊娠24～27周D. 妊娠28～31周E. 产褥期7天后满分：2 分9. 某初孕妇，28岁，34周妊娠，睡眠中突然出现阴道大量流液，此后起床活动时有持续流液，因胎膜早破收入院。
胎膜早破的确诊方法有：()。
A. 阴道检查B. 肛门检查C. 阴道液PH值不变D. 取阴道后穹隆黏液涂片观察到羊齿状结晶E. B超观察羊水池深度满分：2 分10. 外阴色素减退疾病分为：()。
本科《妇产科学》毕业考试题（A卷）及参考答案解析
本科《妇产科学》毕业考试题（A卷）及参考答案解析……………………………………………………………精品资料推荐…………………………………………………1遵义医学院本科《妇产科学》毕业考试题(A 卷)专业班级学号姓名――――－――――――――――――――――――装订线――――――――――――――――――――－――――――A1型题（1-40）1．切除⼦宫附件时，切断哪根韧带易损伤输尿管( )A．⾻盆漏⽃韧带 B．骶韧带 C．主韧带 D．阔韧带 E．圆韧带2. 妊娠期与泌乳⽆关的激素是( )A. 雌激素B. 孕激素C. 垂体⽣乳素D. 胎盘⽣乳素E. 绒⽑膜促甲状腺激素3.妊娠早期⿊加征是指( )A. ⼦宫增⼤变软B. ⼦宫呈前倾前屈位C. ⼦宫峡部软，宫体和宫颈似不相连D. 宫颈充⾎变软，呈紫蓝⾊E. 乳头及乳晕着⾊加深，乳晕周围有褐⾊⼩结节4.关于⼥性⽣殖器⽣理，下列哪项是正确的( )A. 排卵⼀般发⽣于⽉经周期的第14天B. ⽉经来潮时妇⼥体温可升⾼0.3-0.5℃C. 排卵以后的卵泡叫闭锁卵泡D. 正常⽉经第23天⼦宫内膜为分泌晚期E. ⽉经来潮时⼦宫内膜⾃基底层剥脱5.⽆损伤、简便、经济的预测排卵的⽅法是（）A.超声检查B.基础体温测定C.宫颈黏液评分D.内分泌激素测定E.腹腔镜检查6.新⽣⼉出⽣时，⼼率94次/分，律齐，呼吸浅，不规则，全⾝瘫软，上唇青紫，全⾝⽪肤苍⽩，吸痰时喉部有轻度反射，Apgar评分是( )A. 2分B. 3分C. 4分D. 5分E. 6分7.产后⼦宫复旧机理，下列哪项是正确的( )A. 肌细胞萎缩B. 肌纤维的胞浆减少，细胞缩⼩C. 肌纤维的数⽬减少D. 肌纤维间弹⼒纤维消失E. 肌纤维不再增⽣8.早孕的诊断，下列哪项最为准确( )A. 停经伴恶⼼呕吐B. 阴道充⾎变软，呈紫蓝⾊C. ⼦宫增⼤D. B超证明有胎⼼E. ⾃觉有胎动9.关于流产，下列哪项是错误的( )A. 遗传基因缺陷是导致流产的主要原因B. 稽留流产者易发⽣凝⾎功能障碍C. 感染性流产应先控制感染，再⾏清宫术D. 习惯性流产最好不要再怀孕E. B超对流产类型的鉴别很有帮助2310. ⼥性36岁，患不孕症6年，继发性痛经2年，⽉经失调1年。
南方医科大学考博解剖学真题(带答案)
南方医科大学人体解剖学真题简答题:1、肩关节的构成，结构特点和运动方式由肱骨头与肩胛骨关节盂构成，也称盂肱关节，属球窝关节。
其结构特点是：肱骨头大，关节盂浅而小，关节盂周缘有盂唇来加深关节窝，但仍仅能容纳关节头的1／4－l／3。
关节囊薄而松弛。
关节囊的上壁有喙肱韧带，连于喙突至肱骨大结节之间，囊的前壁和后壁也有许多肌腱加入，以增加关节的稳固性。
囊的下壁相对最为薄弱。
故肩关节脱位时，肱骨头容易发生前下方脱位。
肱二头肌长头腱穿过关节腔。
肩关节为全身运动最灵活的关节，可作屈和伸，收和展，旋内和旋外运动以及环转运动（三轴运动）。
臂外展超过40-60°，继续抬高至180°时，常伴随胸锁、肩锁关节的运动及肩胛骨的旋转运动2、甲状腺手术切口的层次关系问：甲状腺手术入路经过哪些层次?这些层次有哪些形态特点?（复旦）如果甲状腺肿大能影响哪些局部器官? （复旦）经过的层次：皮肤——浅筋膜（含颈阔肌）——封套筋膜——舌骨下肌群（胸骨舌骨肌——胸骨甲状肌）——气管前筋膜——甲状腺真被膜——甲状腺实质。
毗邻：左右两侧叶的后内侧临近喉与气管，咽与食管以及喉返神经，侧叶的后外侧与颈动脉鞘及颈交感干相邻，甲状腺侧叶后面有两对扁圆形的甲状旁腺。
当甲状腺肿大时，如向后压迫，可出现呼吸、吞咽困难和声音嘶哑：如向后外方压迫交感干时．可出现Horner综合征，即瞳孔缩小、眼裂变窄（上睑下垂）及眼球内陷等。
侧叶的后内侧与喉和气管、咽和食管以及喉返神经等相邻；侧叶的后外侧与颈动脉鞘及鞘内的颈总动脉、颈内静脉和迷走神经，以及位于椎前筋膜深面的颈交感干相邻。
3、子宫的形态，分部和固定装置问：子宫的位置，形态，分部，动、静脉来源、淋巴回流？（华西2001）试述子宫的形态、位置、姿势和固定装置。
（华西2002、2003）位置：子宫位于盆腔中部，前为膀胱，后为直肠，两侧有输卵管、卵巢及子宫阔韧带，下接阴道。
成年正常女性子宫为前倾前屈位。
妇产科学试题及参考答案
妇产科学试题及参考答案一、单选题（共100题，每题1分，共100分）1、宫颈糜烂3年，活检为中度不典型增生，应A、激光B、子宫根治术C、宫颈锥切术D、子宫全切E、随访正确答案：C2、下列哪一项结果提示胎儿窘迫A、胎动时伴胎心加速B、胎儿头皮血pH为7.30C、胎心监护出现早期减速D、胎心率90次/minE、胎动15次/12h正确答案：D3、初产妇第二产程延长是指第二产程时间A、超过2小时B、超过3小时C、超过1.5小时D、超过0.5小时E、超过4小时正确答案：A4、孕激素试验阳性说明A、卵巢无激素分泌B、病变在子宫C、丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴之间尚有一定功能D、属第二度闭经E、用孕激素注射后无撤退性出血正确答案：C5、臀位四步触诊检查时，正确的是A、子宫底部可触到圆而软的胎臀B、通过四步触诊法可查清楚胎儿在子宫内的位置C、子宫呈横椭圆形D、胎体纵轴与母体纵轴不一致E、第三步触诊时可及浮球感正确答案：B6、常用妊娠期降压药物，不包括A、氧化亚氮合酶B、中枢性肾上腺素能神经阻滞剂C、肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂D、钙离子通道阻滞剂E、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂正确答案：E7、关于下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的描述，下述哪项不正确A、调节月经周期B、调节卵巢功能C、下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的神经内分泌活动不受大脑高级中枢的影响D、卵巢产生的性激素对下丘脑有正负反馈调节E、卵巢产生的性激素对垂体有正负反馈调节正确答案：C8、原始生殖细胞出现在胚胎的第几周A、4～5周B、3～4周C、12周末D、4～6周末E、8周正确答案：B9、臀位阴道分娩，胎儿脐部娩出后应结束分娩的时间是A、10分钟以内B、9分钟以内C、12分钟以内D、8分钟以内E、15分钟以内正确答案：D10、坏死灶内⻅滋养细胞、⻅块及凝固性坏死组织，未⻅绒⻅結构的是A、侵蚀性葡萄胎B、部分性葡萄胎C、胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤D、完全性葡萄胎E、绒⻅膜癌正确答案：E11、脐带缠绕最常见的胎儿部位是A、下肢B、躯干C、颈部D、手足E、上肢正确答案：C12、羊水过多最常见的病因是A、胎儿畸形B、胎位异常C、妊娠高血压疾病D、母儿血型不合E、FGR正确答案：A13、生殖管道的发生中错误的是A、中肾管发育，则副中肾管退化B、生殖腺形成后决定生殖管道的分化C、睾丸分泌副中肾管抑制因子，抑制两侧副中肾管发育，使生殖管道向男性分化D、中肾管发育为附睾、输精管和精囊E、男性生殖管道来源于中肾管，女性生殖管道来源于副中肾管正确答案：C14、关于风湿性心脏病孕妇的分娩期处理，正确的是A、宫口开全要防止产妇用力屏气B、肌注麦角新硷，预防产后出血C、除有产科指征外，不需做剖宫产术D、无感染征象，不需使用抗生素E、忌用吗啡正确答案：A15、预防早产新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的方法是A、分娩前7日内静脉注射地塞米松10mg，1次/d，连用3次B、分娩前7日内静脉注射地塞米松6mg，1次/12h，共4次C、分娩前7日内静脉注射倍他米松12mg，1次/d，连用3次D、分娩前7日内肌注地塞米松10mg，1次/d，连用3次E、分娩前7日内肌注地塞米松6mg，1次/12h，共4次正确答案：E16、什么时间是雌激素分泌的高峰A、排卵前24小时B、排卵期前24～48小时和黄体中期C、排卵期和黄体末期D、排卵后24小时和黄体中期E、排卵期和黄体中期正确答案：B17、未足月胎膜早破，最常见的并发症是A、内膜炎B、外阴阴道假丝念珠菌病C、脑膜炎D、绒毛膜羊膜炎E、感染性休克正确答案：D18、妊娠时24小时尿蛋白定量，达到或超过下述何项为重度子痫前期A、≥1.0g/24hB、≥5.0g/24hC、≥10g/24hD、≥3.0g/24hE、≥15g/24h正确答案：B19、患者，⻅，35 岁。
2015考博真题
一、单选1×50
上下尖牙区别
monson球面的半径
下颌神经前支中的感觉神经
前牙切割运动的杠杆运动形式
单囊性成釉细胞瘤处理方式
腺淋巴瘤病理特点
舌下腺结构
放射性骨髓炎病理表现
翼下颌间隙内容
下颌运动特点
下颌体骨化中心
颞下颌关节手术时切口方式
牙受垂直向力时牙龈主纤维中不受力的是
（以后想起来再补充）
二、名解2×10
近唇线角
pterygoid process
Terra dentition index
mento-cervical angle
taste threshold
alveolar bone proper
candidiasis
chronic gingivitis
branchial cleft cyst
lymphoepithelial carcinoma
三、简答5×6
解剖
1.根管系统在根部侧面开口的系统名称，并从解剖角度解释牙周病和牙髓病的相互影响。
2.口颌系统肌链的组成与功能？
3.临床上面神经的解剖方法，面神经主干的解剖标志点？
病理
1.口腔黏膜鳞癌有很多亚型，请举3例口腔黏膜鳞癌亚型，并叙述其镜下特点及生物学行为？
2.根据牙骨质组织结构学特性，叙述牙骨质龋特点？
3.肌上皮细胞来源的唾液腺良恶性肿瘤各举两例，及其镜下鉴别要点。
南方医科大学2009-2010学年第二学期
南方医科大学2009-2010学年第二学期第一临床医学院《妇产科学》试卷（A）适用班级: 基础医学2008级，护理学2008级（此试卷必须随答题纸一同上交存档，否则取消成绩）年级：专业：学号：姓名：课程学时数：54 考试日期：2010年06月10日，考试时长：120分钟，组卷人：张春辉一、A1型题 (单句型最佳选择题。
每一道考题下面均有五个备选答案。
在答题时，只需从中选择一个最合适的答案，并在显示器选择相应的答案或在答题卡上相应位置涂黑，以示正确回答。
每题1分，合计30分。
)1.关于妇科双合诊检查，下述哪项是错误的？A.双合诊是盆腔检查最常用的方法。
B.双合诊的目的是为了了解阴道，宫颈，子宫及附件情况。
C.方法是一手入阴道另一手按下腹部，双手配合进行。
D.检查前须排空膀胱。
E.正常情况下通过双合诊检查，每人均可摸到卵巢。
2.取子宫内膜检查以诊断生殖器结核，有关注意事项，哪项是错误的？A.应于经前一周或月经来潮12小时内手术。
B.术前三天及术后，注射链霉素。
C.应注意刮取子宫角部内膜。
D.子宫腔小而坚硬，无组织刮出，可以排除内膜结核。
E.病理切片见典型结核病灶，诊断即可成立。
3.关于胎儿附属物的构成，下列哪项是错误的？A.羊膜为光滑，无血管，无神经的半透明薄膜B.叶状绒毛膜是构成胎盘的主要部分C.胎膜是由羊膜和滑泽绒毛膜组成D.胎盘是由羊膜，叶状绒毛膜和底蜕膜组成E.脐带一端连于胎儿腹壁，另一端附着于胎盘的母体面4.妊娠期发现臀位，何时矫正为宜？A.妊娠24周以前B.妊娠24周至28周C.妊娠28周至32周D.妊娠32周至36周E.妊娠36周以后5.下述哪项非胎盘功能检查？A.尿E3测定B.尿E/C比值C.血清HPL测定D.胎动计数E.B超观察胎盘成熟度6.属于母体组织的是A.绒毛膜B.羊水C.羊膜D.脐带基质E.蜕膜7.哺乳期闭经一年，腹痛，阴道流血，流产一胎儿，身长16公分，请问约为妊娠几个月？A.3个月B.4个月C.5个月D.6个月E.7个月8.关于正常分娩的临床经过，下列哪项是错误的？A.第一产程，初产妇约需12-16小时B.第一产程，经产妇约需6-8小时C.第二产程，初产妇约需1-2小时D.第二产程，经产妇约需1小时以内E.第三产程，初产妇和经产妇均需40分钟左右9.下述径线哪项最大？A.枕额径B.枕下前面径C.枕颏径D.双顶径E.双颞径10. 胎头衔接时其最大部分必须通过A.骶耻内径B.坐骨棘间径C.坐骨结节间径D.髂前上棘间径E.真结合径11. 重度妊高征，用大剂量硫酸镁治疗，最早出现的中毒反应是下列何项？A.呼吸加快B.呼吸减慢C.心率加快D.心率减慢E.膝反射迟钝或消失。
2015年医学博士外语真题试卷
2015年医学博士外语真题试卷(总分：206.00，做题时间：90分钟)1.Section A（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ （分数：10.00）A.How to deal with his sleeping problem.B.The cause of his sleeping problem.C.What follows his insomnia.D.The severity of his medical problem.A.To take the medicine for a longer time.B.To discontinue the medication.C.To come to see her again.D.To switch to other medications.A.To take it easy and continue to work.B.To take a sick leave.C.To keep away from work.D.To have a follow-up.A.Fullness in the stomach.B.Occasional stomachache.C.Stomach distention.D.Frequent belches.A.Extremely severe.B.Not very severe.C.More severe than expected.D.It's hard to say.（分数：10.00）A.He has lost some weight.B.He has gained a lot.C.He needs to exercise more.D.He is still overweight.A.She is giving the man an injection.B.She is listening to the man's heart.C.She is feeling the man's pulse.D.She is helping the man stop shivering.A.In the gym.B.In the office.C.In the clinic.D.In the boat.A.Diarrhea.B.Vomiting.C.Nausea.D.A cold.A.She has developed allergies.B.She doesn't know what allergies are.C.She doesn't have any allergies.D.She has allergies treated already.（分数：10.00）A.Listen to music.B.Read magazines.C.Go play tennis.D.Stay in the house.A.She isn't feeling well.B.She is under pressure.C.She doesn't like the weather.D.She is feeling relieved.A.Michael's wife was ill.B.Michael's daughter was ill.C.Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.D.Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.A.She is absent-minded.B.She is in high spirits.C.She is indifferent.D.She is compassionate.A.Ten years ago.B.Five years ago.C.Fifteen years ago.D.Several weeks ago.2.Section B（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ （分数：10.00）A.A blood test.B.A gastroscopy.C.A chest X-ray exam.D.A barium X-ray test.A.To lose some weight.B.To take a few more tests.C.To sleep on three pillows.D.To eat smaller, lighter meals.A.Potato chips.B.Chicken.C.Cereal.D.Fish.A.Ulcer.B.Cancer.C.Depression.D.Hernia.A.He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B.He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C.He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D.He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.（分数：10.00）A.A new concept of diabetes.B.The definition of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.C.The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D.The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.A.Because it vaporizes easily.B.Because it becomes overactive easily.C.Because it is usually in injection form.D.Because it is not stable above 40 degrees Fahrenheit.A.The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer.B.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C.Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D.Insulin can be produced naturally.A.It is stable at room temperature for several years.B.It is administered directly into the bloodstream.C.It delivers glucose from blood to the cells.D.It is more chemically complex.A.Why insulin is not stable at room temperature.B.How important it is to understand the chemical bonds of insulin.C.Why people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes don't produce enough insulin.D.What shape insulin takes when it unlocks the cells to take sugar from blood.（分数：10.00）A.Vegetative patients are more aware.B.Vegetative patients retain some control of their eye movements.C.EEG scans may help us communicate with the vegetative patients.D.We usually communicate with the brain-dead people by brain-wave.A.The left-hand side of the brain.B.The right-hand side of the brain.C.The central part of the brain.D.The front part of the brain.A.31.B.6.C.4.D.1A.The patient was brain-dead.B.The patient wasn't brain-dead.C.The patient had some control over his eye movements.D.The patient knew the movement he or she was making.A.The patient is no technically vegetative.B.The patient can communicate in some way.C.We can train the patient to speak.D.The family members and doctors can provide better care.3.Section A（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________4.Despite his doctor's note of caution, he never______from drinking and smoking.（分数：2.00）A.retainedB.dissuadedC.alleviatedD.abstained5.People with a history of recurrent infections are warned that the use of personal stereos with headsets is likelyto______their hearing.（分数：2.00）A.rehabilitateB.jeopardizeC.tranquilizeD.supplement6.Impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did not seem to______Larry in any way in his success.（分数：2.00）A.refuteB.ratifyC.facilitateD.impede7.When the supporting finds were reduced, they should have revised their plan______.（分数：2.00）A.accordinglyB.alternativelyC.considerablyD.relatively8.It is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can______future adults with appreciation of music.（分数：2.00）A.acquaintB.familiarizeC.endowD.amuse9.If the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices, then inflation should be subsided when energy prices______. （分数：2.00）A.level outB.stand oute offD.wear off10.Heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands immediate______from qualified medical personnel.（分数：2.00）A.prescriptionB.palpationC.interventionD.interposition11.Asbestos exposure results in Mesothelioma, asbestosis and internal organ cancers, and______of these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.（分数：2.00）A.offsetB.intakeC.outletD.onset12.Ebola, which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine, ______and semen, can kill up to 90% of those infected.（分数：2.00）A.salineB.salivaC.scabiesD.scrabs13.The newly designed system is______to genetic transfections, and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.（分数：2.00）parableB.transmissibleC.translatableD.amenable14.Section B（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________15.Every year more than 1, 000 patients in Britain die on transplant waiting lists, prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.（分数：2.00）A.propellingB.prolongingC.puzzlingD.promising16.Improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients, but there is still a serious stigma attached to AIDS. （分数：2.00）A.disgraceB.discriminationC.harassmentD.segregation17.Surviviors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude .（分数：2.00）A.depletionB.dehydrationC.exhaustionD.handicap18.Scientists have invented a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible wood-carved stone, a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine.（分数：2.00）A.negativeB.confusingC.eloquentD.indistinct19.Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from long-term goals.（分数：2.00）A.anticipateB.clarifyC.examineD.verify20.His imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.（分数：2.00）A.challengingB.solemnC.hostileD.demanding21.The discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclipsed by the recent growing trade friction.（分数：2.00）A.erasedB.triggeredC.shadowedD.suspended22.Faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger, so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench it.（分数：2.00）B.eliminateC.assimilateD.puncture23.Some recent developments in photography allow animals to be studied in previously inaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.（分数：2.00）A.unpredictableB.unconventionalC.unparalleledD.unexpected24.A veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating touchy situation.（分数：2.00）A.estimatingB.handlingC.rectifyingD.anticipating五、PartⅢ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases,【C1】______a new case report published in PNAS this week. According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton, UK, a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks after giving birth,【C2】______tumors were discovered in her daughter's cheek and lung when she was 11 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the baby's cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cells of the mother. But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father,【C3】______would be expected if she had inherited the cancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cells made it into the unborn child's body across the placental barrier. The Guardian claimed this to be the first【C4】______case of cells crossing the placental barrier. But this is not the case — microchimerism,【C5】______cells are exchanged between a mother and her unborn child, is thought to be quite common, with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 75 per cent of cases and to go the other way about half【C6】______. As the BBC pointed out, the greater【C7】______in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by its immune system. The answer, in this case at least, lies in a second mutation of the cancer cells, which led to the【C8】______of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign. As a result, no attack against the invaders was launched. 【C9】______, according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of "cancer danger". Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined【C10】______of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the baby's immune system is extremely low.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.suggestsB.suggestingC.having suggestedD.suggested(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.althoughC.whereasD.when(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.whomD.as(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.predictedB.notoriousC.provenD.detailed(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.whereB.whenC.ifD.whatever(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.as manyB.as muchC.as wellD.as often(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.threatB.puzzleC.obstacleD.dilemma(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.detectionB.deletionC.amplificationD.addition(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.NeverthelessD.Conclusively(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.likelihoodB.functionC.influenceD.flexibility六、PartⅣ Reading Comprehension(总题数：6，分数：60.00)The American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half. First of all, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the more cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach to drug development and embracing the long tail of cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group. Pfizer announced that one such drug it's pushing into late-stage testing is target for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug in initial tests, and nine out often is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing drugs toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percent? Ask Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene, two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In atest of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma, a full 100 percent of the subjects saw their cancer reduced by half. Needless to say, a 100 percent response to a cancer drug (or in this case a drug cocktail) is more or less unheard of. Moreover, this combination never would've been tried if two competing companies hadn't sat down and put their heads together. Are there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by walls of competitive interest and proprietary information? Who's to say, but it seems like with the vast amount of money and research being pumped into cancer drug development, the odds are pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent, we can more easily start talking about oncology's favorite four-letter word: cure.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）petition and CooperationB.Two Competing Pharmaceutical CompaniesC.The Promising Future of PharmaceuticalsD.Encouraging News: a 100% Response to a Cancer Drug(2).In cancer drug development, according to the passage, the pharmaceuticals now______.（分数：2.00）A.are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approachB.are moving towards individualized and targeted treatmentsC.are investing the lion's shares of their moneyD.care only about their profits(3).From the encouraging advance by the two companies, we can infer that______.（分数：2.00）A.the development can be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaborationB.it was their competition that resulted in the accomplishmentC.other pharmaceuticals will join them in the researchD.the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapy(4).From the last paragraph it can be inferred that the answer to the question______.（分数：2.00）A.is nowhere to be foundB.can drive one crazyC.can be multipleD.is conditional(5).The tone of the author of this passage seems to be______.（分数：2.00）A.neutralB.criticalC.negativeD.optimisticLiver disease is the 12th -leading cause of death in the U. S. , chiefly because once it's determined that a patient needs a new liver it's very difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable donor match is found, there's no guarantee a transplant will be successful. But researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab, successfully transplanting culture-grown livers into rats. The livers aren't grown from scratch, but rather within the infrastructure of a donor liver. The liver cells in the donor organ are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells, leaving behind a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically. With all of that complicated infrastructure already in place, the researchers then seeded the scaffold (支架) with liver cells isolated from healthy livers, as well as some special endothelial cells to line the bold vessels. Once repopulated with healthy cells, these livers lived in culture for 10 days. The team also transplanted some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats, where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rats' vascular systems. However, the current method isn't perfect and cannot seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers can't keep functioning for more than about 24 hours (hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat transplant). But the initial successes are promising, and the team thinks they can overcome the blood vessel problem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic, but if nothing goes horribly wrong — and especially if stem-cell research establishes a reliable way to create healthy liver cells from the very patients who need transplants — lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could become a reality.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the passage that the animal model was mainly intended to______.（分数：2.00）A.investigate the possibility of growing blood vessels in the labB.explore the unknown functions of the human liverC.reduce the incidence of liver disease in the U. S.D.address the source of liver transplants(2).What does the author mean when he says that the livers aren't grown from scratch?（分数：2.00）A.The making of a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture.B.A huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab.C.The building of the infrastructure of a donor liver.D.Growing liver cells in the donor organ.(3).The biological scaffold was not put into the culture in the lab until______.（分数：2.00）A.duplicated syntheticallyB.isolated from the healthy liverC.repopulated with the healthy cellsD.the addition of some man-made blood vessels(4).What seems to be the problem in the planted liver?（分数：2.00）A.The rats as wrong recipients.B.The time point of the transplantation.C.The short period of the recellularization.D.The insufficient repopulation of the blood vessels.(5).The research team holds high hopes of______.（分数：2.00）A.creating lab-generated livers for patients within two yearsB.the timetable for generating human livers in the labC.stem-cell research as the future of medicineD.building a fully functioning liver into ratsPatients whose eyes have suffered heat or chemical burns typically experience severe damage to the cornea—the thin, transparent front of the eye that refracts light and contributes most of the eye's focusing ability. In a long-term study, Italian researchers use stem cells taken from the limbus, the border between the cornea and the white of the eye, to cultivate a graft of healthy cells in a lab to help restore vision in eyes. During the 10-years study, the researchers implanted the healthy stem cells into the damaged cornea in 113 eyes of 112 patients. The treatment was fully successful in more than 75 percent of the patients, and partially successful in 13 percent. Moreover, the restored vision remained stable over 10 years. Success was defined as an absence of all symptoms and permanent restoration of the cornea. Treatment outcome was initially assessed at one year, with up to 10 years of follow-up evaluations. The procedure was even successful in several patients whose burn injuries had occurred years earlier and who had already undergone surgery. Current treatment for burned eyes involves taking stem cells from a patient's healthy eye, or from the eyes of another person, and transferring them to the burned eye. The new procedure, however, stimulates the limbal stem cells from the patient's own eye to reproduce in a lab culture. Several types of treatments using stem cells have proven successful in restoring vision, but the long-term effectiveness shown here is significant. The treatment is only for blindness caused by damage to the cornea; it is not effective for repairing damaged retinas or optic nerves. Chemical eye burns often occur in the workplace, but can also happen due to mishaps involving household cleaning products and automobile batteries. The results of the study, based at Italy's University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, were published in the June 23 online issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Stem cells can help restore vision in the eyes blinded by burns.B.The vision in the eyes blinded by burns for 10 years can be restored.C.The restored vision of the burned eyes treated with stem cells can last for 10 years.D.The burned eyes can only be treated with stem cells from other healthy persons.(2).The Italian technique reported in this passage______.（分数：2.00）A.can repair damaged retinasB.is able to treat damaged optic nervesC.is especially effective for burn injuries in the eyes already treated surgicallyD.shows a long-term effectiveness for blindness in vision caused by damage to cornea(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned about eye burns?（分数：2.00）A.The places in which people work.B.The accidents that involve using household cleaning products.C.The mishaps that involve vehicles batteries.D.The disasters caused by battery explosion at home.(4).What is one of the requirements for the current approach?（分数：2.00）A.The stem cells taken from a healthy eye.B.The patient physically healthy.C.The damaged eye with partial vision.D.The blindness due to damaged optic nerves.(5).Which of the following words can best describe the author's attitude towards the new method?（分数：2.00）A.Sarcastic.B.Indifferent.C.Critical.D.Positive.Here is a shaming statistic: divide the US by race, sex and county of residence, and differences in average life expectancy across the various groups can exceed 30 years. The most disadvantaged look like denizens of a poor African country: a boy born on a Native American reservation in Jackson County, South Dakota, for example, will be lucky to reach his 60th birthday. A typical child in Senegal can expect to live longer than that. America is not alone in this respect. While the picture is extreme in other rich nations, health inequalities based on race, sex and class exist in most societies—and are only partly explained by access to healthcare. But fresh insights and solutions may soon be at hand. An innovative project in Chicago to unite sociology and biology is blazing the trail (开创), after discovering that social isolation and fear of crime can help to explain the alarmingly high death rate from breast cancer among the city's black women. Living in these conditions seems to make tumors more aggressive by changing gene activity, so that cancer cells can use nutrients more effectively. We are already familiar with the lethal effect of stress on people clinging to the bottom rungs of the societal ladder, thanks to pioneering studies of British civil servants conducted by Michael Marmot of University College London. What's exciting about the Chicago project is that it both probes the mechanisms involved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies. There are drugs that may stave tumors of nutrients and community coordinators could be employed to help reduce social isolation. Encouraged by the US National Institutes of Health, similar projects are springing up to study other pockets of poor health in populations ranging from urban black men to white poor women in rural Appalachia. To realize the full potential of such projects, biologists and sociologists will have to start treating one other with a new respect and learn how to collaborate outside their comfort zones. Too many biomedical researchers still take the arrogant view that sociology is a "soft science" with little that's serious to say about health. And too many sociologists reject any biological angle—fearing that their expertise will be swept aside and that this approach will be used to bolster discredited theories of eugenics, or crude race-based medicine. It's time to drop these outdated attitudes and work together for the good of society's most deprived members. More important, it's time to use this fusion of biology and sociology to inform public policy. This endeavor has huge implications, not least in cutting the wide health gaps between blacks and whites, rich and poor.（分数：10.00）(1).As shown in the 1st paragraph, the shaming statistic reflects______.（分数：2.00）A.injustice everywhereB.racial discriminationC.a growing life spanD.health inequalities(2).Which of the following can have a negative impact on health according to the Chicago-based project?（分数：2.00）A.Where to live.B.Which race to belong to.C.How to adjust environmentally.D.What medical problem to suffer.(3).The Chicago-based project focuses its management on______.（分数：2.00）A.a particular medical problem and its related social issueB.racial discrimination and its related social problemsC.the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD.a specific disease and its medical treatment(4).Which of the following can most probably be neglected by sociologists?（分数：2.00）A.The racial perspective.B.The environmental aspect.C.The biological dimension.D.The psychological angel.(5).The author is a big fan of______.（分数：2.00）A.the combination of a traditional and new way of thinking in promoting healthB.the integration of biologists and sociologists to reduce health inequalitiesC.the mutual understanding and respect between racesD.public education and health promotionAmerican researchers are working on three antibodies that many mark a new step on the path toward an HIV vaccine, according to a report published online Thursday, July 8, 2010, in the journal Science. One of the antibodies suppresses 91 percent of HIV strains, more than any AIDS antibody ever discovered, according to a report on the findings published in the Wall Street Journal. The antibodies were discovered in the cells of a 60-year-old African-American gay man whose body produced them naturally. One antibody in particular is substantially different from its precursors, the Science study says. The antibodies could be tried as a treatment for people already infected with HIV, the WSJ reports. At the very least, they might boost the efficacy of current antiretroviral drugs. It is welcome news for the 33 million people the United Nations estimated were living with AIDS at the end of 2008. The WSJ outlines the painstaking method the team used to find the antibody amid the cells of the African-American man, known as Donor 45. First they designed a probe that looks just like a spot on a particular molecule on the cells that HIV infects. They used the probe to attract only the antibodies that efficiently attack that spot. They screened 25 million of Donor 45's cell to find just 12 cells that produced the antibodies. Scientists have already discovered plenty of antibodies that either don't work at all or only work on a couple of HIV strains. Last year marked the first time that researchers found "broadly neutralizing antibodies, " which knock out many HIV strains. But none of those antibodies neutralized more than about 40 percent of them, the WSJ says. The newest antibody, at 91 percent neutralization, is a marked improvement. Still, more work needs to be done to ensure the antibodies would activate the immune system to produce natural defenses against AIDS, the study authors say. They suggest three test methods that blend the three new antibodies together in raw form to prevent transmission of the virus, such as from mother to child; in a microbicide gel that women or gay men could use before sex to prevent infection; or as a treatment for HIV/AIDS, combined with antiretroviral drug. If the scientists can find the right way to stimulate production of the antibodies, they think most people could produce then, the WSJ says.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the beginning of the passage that______.（分数：2.00）A.a newly discovered antibody defeats 91 % of the HIV strainsB.a new antiretroviral drug has just come on the marketC.American researchers have developed a new vaccine for HIVD.the African-American gay man was cured of his HIV infection(2).What is the implication of the antibodies discovered in the cells of the African-American gay man?（分数：2.00）A.They can cure the 33 million AIDS patients in the world.B.They may strengthen the effects of the existing antiretroviral drugs.C.They will kill all the HIV viruses.D.They will help make a quick diagnosis of an HIV infection.(3).The newest antibody found in Donor 45 reflects a dramatic advance in terms of______.（分数：2.00）A.pathologyB.pharmacologyC.HIV neutralizationD.HIV epidemiology(4).According to the study authors, the three test methods are intended to______.（分数：2.00）。
妇产科历届真题汇总 BY12临八 何白慧
整理-by 何白慧妇产科历届真题【12临八】20150629妇产科学一、选择题：40*1’1.枕先露，s+2是什么意思？2.垂体分泌的促性腺激素包括？ FSH,LH3.推算预产期。
4.枕先露，仰伸的进行中枕骨和耻骨的关系？5.子宫峡部的说法错误的是A 非孕时1cm，妊娠晚期7~10cmB 粘膜类型与子宫颈粘膜相同C 子宫峡部是子宫最狭窄的部分D 粘膜随月经周期变化1.最简便的判断胎儿宫内状况的是A 胎心监护B 胎儿头皮血pHC 胎动计数D 羊水检测1.妊娠早期羊水主要来自于？2.输卵管妊娠最常见的部位是？3.难免流产首要考虑什么处理？A 尽快清宫B 黄体酮保胎C 抗生素预防感染D 使用催产素10. 妊娠期贫血的诊断？11. 早期心衰的体征不正确的——肺底湿罗音，咳嗽消失12. 与羊水过多无关的是——母婴溶血【糖尿畸形都相关】13.14. 宫缩乏力性产后出血不相关——【子宫肌瘤相关】15. 胎方位判断：小囟门位于3点，大囟门9点——LOT？ROT？其他？16.17. 案例：拉出肉样组织，阴道分泌物臭【不完全流产合并感染】18. 案例：无痛性阴道流血的处理【剖宫产】19. 案例：判断【妊娠合并慢性肾炎合并子痫前期发作】20. 案例：胎窘，羊水黄绿色粪污S+3低位的处理——【产钳】21.22. 豆渣样，分泌物稠厚是什么阴道炎症（假丝酵母菌病）23. 细菌性阴道病最常见致病菌：加德纳菌合并厌氧菌24. 与血性白带无关的是A宫颈癌B子宫内膜癌C粘膜下肌瘤D卵巢癌E节育环25. 子宫肌瘤的临床表现与肌瘤部位有密切关系26. 子宫肌瘤+妊娠，下列选项错误的是B浆膜下子宫肌瘤蒂易扭转C导致产道梗阻E 剖宫产终止妊娠为宜27. 葡萄胎清宫2次，2个月后，阴道不规则流血，尿HCG（+），子宫肌层蜂窝样改变：侵袭性葡萄胎28. 子宫内膜癌首选治疗方案：手术治疗29. 蒂的组成：输卵管、骨盆漏斗韧带、卵巢固有韧带30. 卵巢癌2期：一侧或双侧浸润到盆腔31. 垂体激发试验无反应，雌孕激素有出血，闭经类型：垂体性闭经32. 几种内膜变化中不是无排卵性功血的是：子宫内膜不规则脱落33. 内异症最常见位置：卵巢34. 恶性肿瘤化疗最敏感的是：绒毛膜癌35. 早期宫颈癌的表现：接触性出血36. TCT 发现HSIL，应做什么检查确诊：碘实验37. 案例：绝经后右侧一肿块，子宫内膜增生相：卵巢颗粒细胞瘤38. 子宫切除的注意事项：输尿管——主韧带40. 人流后面色苍白心率下降首先考虑：人工流产综合征二、名词解释5*5'（英文回答，中文算80%）1. Uteroplacental apoplexy2. Missed abortion3. Hegar sign4. Asherman syndrome5. PID三、问答题2*10'1. What's the definition of PPH? Describe the treatment of uterine atony in detail. （英文回答，中文算80%，用词不保证相同）2. 宫颈癌的好发部位？转移途径？疑似宫颈癌变应做什么检查明确诊断？四、病例题15'女，1-0-1-1，孕32+3周，基础血压100/70mmHg。
妇产科学卫生正（副）高级职称考试2015年真题
妇产科学卫生正（副）高级职称考试2015年真题妇产科学卫生正（副）高级职称考试2015年真题天宇考王卫生资格考试题库包含：章节练习、综合复习题、模拟试卷、考前冲刺、历年真题等。
试题量：9785道。
单项选择题（每题1个得分点）：以下每道考题有五个备选答案，请选择一个最佳答案。
1、产程进展的标志是A、血性分泌物量的多少B、宫缩频率C、产妇自我感觉D、先露下降和宫口扩张E、宫缩强度正确答案：D2、产褥期妇女的临床表现恰当的是A、产后宫缩痛多见于初产妇B、产后初期产妇脉搏增快C、产生第1日宫底稍下降D、子宫复旧因哺乳而加速E、恶露通常持续1～2周正确答案：D3、出生1分钟的新生儿，心率94次／分，无呼吸，四肢稍屈，无喉反射，口唇青紫，全身苍白。
Apgar评分为A、5分B、4分C、3分D、2分E、1分正确答案：D4、从开始出现规律宫缩到胎儿胎盘娩出称为产程，正确的是A、第一产程经产妇需8～10小时B、第一产程初产妇需11～12小时C、第二产程初产妇需2～3小时D、第二产程经产妇需1～2小时E、第三产程不论初产妇和经产妇均需40分钟正确答案：B5、当枕前位胎头下降至阴道口仰伸时，胎儿双肩径进入A、骨盆入口前后径B、骨盆入口横径C、骨盆入口斜径D、中骨盆前后径E、中骨盆横径正确答案：C6、第一产程活跃期的加速期是指宫口扩张A、0～3cmB、3～4cmC、4～6cmD、6～7cmE、7～8cm正确答案：B7、第一产程活跃期的减速期是指宫口扩张A、5～6cmB、6～7cmC、7～8cmD、8～9cmE、9～10cm正确答案：E8、第一产程活跃期的最大加速期是指宫口扩张A、2～7cmB、3～8cmC、4～9cmD、5～10cmE、7～10cm正确答案：C9、第一产程末宫腔最大压力可达A、20～30mmHgB、25～30mmHgC、30～50mmHgD、40-60mmHgE、50～70mmHg正确答案：D10、第一产程中为了促进产程进展，在哪种情况下宜行温肥皂水灌肠A、产妇有4个小时未排尿B、临产后胎头仍未人盆C、初产妇头先露，宫口扩张2cm，未破膜D、临产后，未破膜，较多的阴道流血E、有剖宫产史正确答案：C11、对于出口前后径恰当的是A、出口前后径正常平均为11cmB、指由耻骨联合上缘中点至骶骨岬前缘中点的距离C、指由耻骨联合下缘中点至骶尾关节间的距离D、指由耻骨联合下缘中点经坐骨棘连线中点至骶骨下端的距离E、出口平面为同一平面正确答案：C12、对于宫颈管哪项是不恰当的A、初产妇较经产妇长B、临产前的宫颈管长2～3cmC、初产妇多是宫颈管先消失，宫口后扩张D、经产妇多是宫颈管消失与宫口扩张同时进行E、以上均不对正确答案：E13、对于骨盆入口平面下列哪项是不恰当的A、呈横椭圆形B、是真假骨盆平面交界C、有3条径线D、前面为耻骨联合上缘E、后面为骶岬前缘正确答案：C14、对于女性骨盆平面，下列哪项恰当A、最小平面后方为尾骨尖B、入口平面呈纵椭圆形C、最小平面呈纵椭圆形D、最大平面呈横椭圆形E、出口平面近似圆形正确答案：C15、对于胎儿下列哪项是不恰当的A、胎儿顶骨与额骨间为冠状缝B、矢状缝是确定胎位的重要标志C、双顶径是胎头最大横径D、胎头以枕下前囟径衔接E、臀位时胎头娩出困难正确答案：D16、对于枕先露的分娩机制的含义，下列哪项是不恰当的A、内旋转是胎头最低的枕部在盆底受肛提肌收缩力而被推向母体前方即小囟门被推转至耻骨弓下方B、胎头进入骨盆入口时以枕下前囟径衔接C、俯屈、内旋转、仰伸、外旋转等动作都贯穿于下降过程中D、俯屈是胎头下降至骨盆轴弯曲处即盆底时受肛提肌的阻力而发生的E、仰伸是在枕骨下部（粗隆）到达耻骨联合下缘时发生的正确答案：B17、分娩时子宫收缩的最强部位是A、子宫角部B、子宫底部C、子宫体部D、子宫下段E、子宫颈部正确答案：B18、肛查了解胎头下降程度的骨性标志是A、坐骨结节B、骶骨C、骶岬D、坐骨棘E、坐骨切迹正确答案：D19、宫口开全后，开始保护会阴的时机应是A、胎头拨露后不久B、胎头开始拨露时C、经阴道外口看到胎发时D、胎头拨露阴唇后联合紧张时E、胎头开始着冠时正确答案：D20、宫口扩张曲线的活跃期，正确的是A、约需8小时，最大时限为16小时B、加速期宫口扩张3～4cm，约需3小时C、最大加速期宫口扩张4～9cm，约需2小时D、减速期宫口扩张9～10cm，约需2小时E、活跃期延长指超过16小时正确答案：C21、宫缩时宫腔最大压力可达A、60～80mmHgB、40～60mmHgC、80～100mmHgD、100～110mmHgE、100～150mmHg正确答案：E22、骨盆出口横径7cm，出口后矢状径7cm．胎头双顶径9.5cm，应行A、会阴侧切术B、胎头吸引器助产C、静滴催产素D、产钳术E、剖宫产正确答案：E23、骨盆入口横径平均值是A、10cmB、11cmC、12cmD、12.5cmE、13cm正确答案：E24、骨盆入口前后径的前端是A、耻骨联合上缘B、耻骨联合上缘中点C、耻骨联合下缘D、耻骨联合下缘中点E、耻骨联合后面中点正确答案：B天宇考王卫生资格考试题库，开创单机版，手机版，网页版三位一体多平台学习模式。
广东省2015年临床助理医师妇产科学：妇科检查考试题
广东省2015年临床助理医师妇产科学：妇科检查考试题一、单项选择题（共27题，每题的备选项中，只有 1 个事最符合题意）1、颅高压并发脑疝的急救措施首先是A．迅速静滴高渗脱水剂B．尽快明确脑疝原因C．紧急开颅手术减压D．大剂量抗生素防治感染E．脑室外引流2、洋地黄制剂不宜应用的情况是____A．二尖瓣狭窄合并快心室率房颤B．有症状心力衰竭伴窦性心动过速C．心力衰竭伴心房纤颤D．预激综合征合并房颤E．急性心肌梗死伴快速室上性心律失常3、关于肺硅沉着症描述正确的是A．大于5μm的硅尘致病性最强B．硅酸导致巨噬细胞自溶C．硅结节内无免疫球蛋白D．纤维性结节是肺硅沉着症的早期病变E．胸膜常无病变4、宫颈癌的病因不包括A．雌激素分泌过多B．宫颈糜烂C．HPV感染D．多个性伙伴E．过早性生活5、阿司匹林哮喘时选用何药治疗无效__。
A．普鲁卡因B．普萘洛尔C．肾上腺素D．去甲肾上腺素E．氯丙嗪6、组织损伤后，由其邻近的健康细胞分裂增生完成修复的过程是A．化生B．机化C．分化D．再生E．增生7、鉴别诊断输卵管妊娠流产与黄体破裂，下列哪个项目比较可靠A．有七停经史B．后穹窿穿刺C．B型超声检查D．血妊娠试验(β-HCG检查)E．有无阴道流血8、直接参与底物水平磷酸化的酶是A．己糖激酶B．磷酸甘油酸激酶C．磷酸甘油酸变位酶D．丙酮酸羧化酶E．烯醇化酶9、患者，女性，20岁。
三周来因考试失败而出现情绪低落，兴趣缺乏，精力明显下降，易疲劳，言语动作减少，自觉”脑子笨，没以前聪明，像一块木头，世界看上去犹如灰色一片”。
伴早醒，食欲下降、心烦。
悲观失望，多次欲自杀而未遂。
你认为该患者患有什么疾病A．神经衰弱B．抑郁症C．焦虑性神经症D．恐怖性神经症E．强迫症10、与EBV感染关系密切的肿瘤是A．鼻咽癌B．Kaposi肉瘤C．食管癌D．胃癌E．乳腺癌11、某男，34岁。
在治疗过程中出现神志恍惚，血压下降，皮肤淤血斑，注射部位渗血不止，查血小板42×109/L，血浆纤维蛋白原1.8g/L，出血时间：25秒，国际标准比率值2.0，凝血酶原时间延长，此病人出血的原因应考虑A．感染性休克B．药物副作用C．合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜D．并发弥散性血管内凝血E．合并维生素K缺乏症12、下列做法正确的是A．心理治疗师在某种程度上对相互关系投入感情B．心理治疗师太虚浮、疏远C．心理治疗师态度冷漠、机械和漠不关心D．心理治疗师过分地投入E．心理治疗师丧失客观性13、气虚感冒的代表方剂是A．参苏饮B．柴葛解肌汤C．玉屏风散D．补中益气汤E．黄芪桂枝汤14、心理咨询不能解决的问题是A．情绪障碍B．人格障碍C．错误的认识D．人际关系问题E．负性生活事件15、下列几种DNA分子的碱基组成比例各不相同，其中Tm最高的是A．A+T占15% B．G+C占25% C．G+C占40% D．A+T占60% E．G+C占70%16、下列哪项是恶性肿瘤细胞的最主要的形态特点：A．核大B．病理性核分裂象C．核仁大D．核染色浓染E．多核或异形核17、心理发展的社会文化-历史理论的创始人是A．班杜拉B．维果斯基C．鲁利亚D．列昂节夫E．皮亚杰18、下列药物中可诱发支气管哮喘的是__。
历年各校考博妇产科真题
IVF-ET K T GO 4. 蔣性程度fl勺谨牠现S. 继发性闭细怖咎1 , 1W 咎宫内-特百4S 域直眉蕖豆2- 子宫J1H勵EU坎.酬些t当况.』左供鶴锤墜诃f准円一简述缄癌化疔粹葩扌旨征呈什么论述=1. 柄例f略、丸#5M各毂如何册胃［目生嗣”吕fl）L3W 2, 产航T逢賂T 3, Eh ria -1, Ifti借壬5. HELJ.-P£$-^-41E簷=麻籲傑粗疗F产的除理及注赣卒项简述羊水栓空的先希連竺理福咎如娠加临每朋病Ml发汕钏.計刑■. 貓例 c >2-试诬子舲iMH田的苗疔轅点2011年华科同济医院妇产科专业考博试题一名词解释1. cephalopelvic disproportion, CPD2.lu teinized unruptured follicle syndrome, LUFS3. twin to twin transfusion syndrome, TTTS4. atupical squamous cell of undetermined significance, ASCUS5. vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, VAIN6. 胎心力基线7.侵蚀性葡萄胎8.种植前遗传学诊断9.卵巢早衰10.假绝经疗法二问答题1.影响产程的因素有哪些？ 2.子宫肌瘤的变性及其治疗。
选答题：妇科：1.围绝经期症状及治疗。
2.子宫内膜异位症的诊断及鉴别。
妇瘤：1.宫颈癌的筛查。
2. 子宫内膜癌的治疗方案。
生殖医学与计划生育：1.不孕的病因。
2. 激素避孕的机制和禁忌症。
围产期医学：1.产后出血 2.名词解释：胎粪吸入综合症、风疹综合征、鳞状细胞癌抗原、细胞合体膜、足月前胎膜早破、先天性肾上腺功能发育不全、简答：1.常见的阴道流血原因；2. 女性体内雄激素的来源、雄激素的临床意义；3. 子宫内膜异位症的预防、论述：1.低促性素行闭经和高促性素行闭经见于哪些疾病如何鉴别；2. 子宫内膜癌的治疗、进展；3.子宫颈癌的同步放化疗的理论基础和临床意义；4. 药物对胚胎、胎儿、新生儿的作用2007年华中科技大学博士研究生入学考试妇产科学专业试题一、名词解释（首先英汉互译，然后解释。
大学《妇产科学》章节试题及答案(一)
大学《妇产科学》章节试题及答案第一章绪论（一）单项选择题1. 中西医结合妇科学研究的范围，概括起来是（）A 妇科病的四诊概要B 妇科病的治疗大法C 胎前，产后，杂病，临产D 妇科病的病因病机E 中西医结合妇产科学基础、妇产科学、计划生育2. 我国现存最早的妇产科专著是（）A 《经效产宝》B《济阴纲目》C 《妇人大全良方》D《胎产书》E 《证治准绳·女科》3. “五不女”的病名出自下列哪本著作（）A 《经效产宝》B《傅青主女科》C 《广嗣纪要》D《妇人良方大全》E 《十产论》4. “五不女”是指（）A 脉、角、纹、骡、鼓B 骡、纹、石、革、脉C 纹、螺、石、瘕、角D 螺、纹、鼓、革、石E 螺、纹、革、角、疝5. 出于宋代的妇产科专著为（）A 陈自明著《妇人大全良方》B 亟斋居士著《达生篇》C 吴谦等编著《医宗金鉴》D 陈念祖著《女科要旨》E 沈尧封著《沈氏女科辑要》6. 下列妇科著作，不属清代作品的为（）A 《傅青主女科》B 《女科经纶》C 《胎产心法》D 《坤元是宝》E 《医宗金鉴·妇科心法要诀》7. 妇产科发展成为专科的时代是（）A 秦汉时代B 隋代C 宋代D 唐代E 明代8. “睡，忍痛，慢临盆”临产六字真言出自哪一本著作（）A 清代阎城斋的《胎产心法》B 清代张曜孙的《产孕集》C 清代汪朴斋《产科心法》D 清代亟斋居士的《达生篇》E 唐代昝殷的《经效产宝》9. 我国现存最早的对女子生理病理有较系统论述的医书（）A《千金要方》B《黄帝内经》C《经效产宝》D《妇人良方大全》E《诸病源候论》（二）多项选择题1. 下列属于明代妇产科专著的是（）A 《广嗣纪要》B 《医林改错》C 《景岳全书·妇人规》D 《女科证治准绳》E 《血证论》2. 下列属于宋代妇产科专著的是（）A 《经效产宝》B 《十产论》C 《妇人大全良方》D 《胎产经验方》E 《卫生家宝产科备要》3. 下列疾病在《内经》中论及的为（）A 血崩B 月事不来C 痛经D 不孕E 石瘕4. 唐宋时期，最有影响的妇产科专著是（）A 《千金要方》B 《经效产宝》C 《妇人良方大全》D 《十产论》E 《外台秘要》5. 下列妇产科专著，哪些是宋代的（）A 杨子建的《十产论》B 薛轩的《坤元是保》C 李师圣的《产论》D 王焘的《外台秘要》E 吴道源的《女科切要》6. 明代著名医家万全，在妇产科方面的代表著作有（）A 《妇人良方大全》B 《广嗣纪要》C 《达生篇》D 《妇人秘科》E 《济阴纲目》7. 下列妇科名著的作者姓名，哪几项是错误的（）A 《达生篇》一亟斋居土B 《广嗣纪要》一万全C 《傅青主女科》—陈自明D 《济阴纲目》一武之望E 《经效产宝》一张景岳8. 解放后，由于中西医共同努力，妇产科取得成绩有（）A 中西医结合非手术治疗宫外孕B 针灸纠正胎位C 中医中药治疗子宫颈癌D 中药引产E 编著《医林改错》（三）填空题1. 我国第一部医学巨著《黄帝内经》确立了中医学的理论基础，同时提出了妇女的解剖＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿等基本理论。
南方医科大学妇产科学2015年考博真题试卷
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
南方医科大学
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：妇产科学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、简答题（8选5，40分）
1.产后大出血失血性休克的处理原则。
2.未足月胎膜早破期待疗法的处理原则。
3.孕晚期胎儿宫内状态监护的常用方法。
3.子宫内膜异位症治疗药物及作用机理。
4.子宫切除术的途径有哪几种？您认为哪种更适合中国国情。
5.反复种植失败的原因和处理原则。
4.浅谈腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术中碎瘤器应用的利弊。
5.为什么宫颈癌FIGO分期仍采用临床分期？如何该进和修正。
6.简述不孕症筛查的临床路径
7.简述2014年新产程标准和处理。
8.比较口服促排卵药克罗米芬和来曲唑的特点。
二、问答综合症筛查项目及意义。
2.早产宫缩抑制药物及作用机理。
(完整)妇产科考试题和答案
4、早产：早产是指妊娠满 28 周至不满 37 足周之间（196-258 日）分娩者
5、产后出血：胎儿出后 24 小时内限道流血量超过 500ml 称产后 出血。
二、填空题（每空 1 分,总计 10 分） 1、女性内生殖器包括阴道、子宫、输卵管及卵巢.
天行健，君子以自强不息。地势坤，君子以厚德载物。——《易经》
以铜为镜，可以正衣冠；以古为镜，可以知兴替；以人为镜，可以明得失。——《旧唐书·魏征列传》
10．输卵管妊娠最常发生于 D
(完整)妇产科考试题和答案
A．输卵管伞部
B．输卵管峡部
C．输卵管峡部与壶腹部之间
D．输卵管堂腹部
E．输卵管间质部
11．胎盘剥离的征象是 E A．子宫体变硬呈球形，胎盘剥离后降至子宫下段，下段被扩张， 子宫体呈狭长形被推向上 ,子宫底升高达脐上 B．剥离的胎盘降至于宫下段，阴道口外露的一段脐带自行延长 C．阴道少量流血 D．用手掌尺侧在产妇耻骨联合上方轻压子宫下段时，子宫体上 升而外露的脐带不再回缩 E．以上都是
大丈夫处世，不能立功建业，几与草木同腐乎？——《罗贯中》
D．子宫颈 E．子宫各部的增长速度基本相同
(完整)妇产科考试题和答案
7．孕妇于妊娠几周开始自觉胎动 E A。 6~8 周 B．9~10 周 C．10~12 周 D．13～16 周 E．18～20 周
8．分娩时最主要的产力是 A A．子宫收缩力 B．腹肌收缩力 C．腹压力 D．膈肌收缩力 E．肛提肌收缩力
4、胎产式是指胎体纵轴与母体纵轴的关系。两纵轴平行者为纵
云路鹏程九万里，雪窗萤火二十年。——《王实甫》
云路鹏程九万里，雪窗萤火二十年。——《王实甫》 (完整)妇产科考试题和答案
产式;两纵轴垂直者为横产式;两纵轴交叉呈角度为斜产式。（对）
博士妇产科试题及答案
博士妇产科试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪项不是妊娠期糖尿病的诊断标准？A. 空腹血糖≥5.3mmol/LB. 1小时血糖≥10.0mmol/LC. 2小时血糖≥8.6mmol/LD. 随机血糖≥7.8mmol/L答案：D2. 以下哪项是产后出血的常见原因？A. 子宫收缩不良B. 胎盘残留C. 凝血功能障碍D. 以上都是答案：D3. 以下哪项检查不是妊娠期常规检查项目？A. 血常规B. 尿常规C. 肝功能D. 骨髓穿刺答案：D4. 以下哪项不是妊娠高血压综合征的表现？A. 高血压B. 蛋白尿C. 头痛D. 低热答案：D5. 以下哪项是胎儿窘迫的临床表现？A. 胎心率基线变异增加B. 胎心率晚期减速C. 胎动减少D. 羊水过多答案：C6. 以下哪项是预防产后出血的措施？A. 预防性使用宫缩剂B. 产后立即按摩子宫C. 延迟脐带结扎D. 以上都是答案：D7. 以下哪项不是妊娠合并症？A. 妊娠合并心脏病B. 妊娠合并糖尿病B. 妊娠合并高血压D. 妊娠合并贫血答案：D8. 以下哪项是羊水过少的定义？A. 羊水指数<5cmB. 羊水最大深度<2cmC. 羊水最大深度<3cmD. 羊水指数<8cm答案：C9. 以下哪项是妊娠期合理用药的原则？A. 避免使用任何药物B. 根据病情需要，选择对胎儿无害的药物C. 优先使用新药D. 优先使用中药答案：B10. 以下哪项是剖宫产的指征？A. 胎位异常B. 胎儿宫内窘迫C. 孕妇严重心脏病D. 以上都是答案：D二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）11. 以下哪些因素可能增加妊娠期糖尿病的风险？A. 高龄B. 肥胖C. 家族糖尿病史D. 妊娠前糖尿病答案：A, B, C, D12. 以下哪些是产后出血的处理措施？A. 立即给予宫缩剂B. 检查胎盘是否完整C. 必要时进行手术止血D. 观察出血量，不做任何处理答案：A, B, C13. 以下哪些是胎儿窘迫的原因？A. 胎盘早剥B. 脐带绕颈C. 母体低血压D. 母体高热答案：A, B, C, D14. 以下哪些是妊娠高血压综合征的高危因素？A. 初产妇B. 家族高血压史C. 慢性肾炎D. 营养不良答案：A, B, C, D15. 以下哪些是羊水过多的临床表现？A. 宫高腹围大于同期妊娠B. 胎位不清C. 胎心遥远D. 孕妇体重增加过快答案：A, B, C, D三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）16. 简述妊娠期糖尿病对孕妇和胎儿的影响。
南方医科大学第二学期第一临床医学院《妇产科学》试卷(A).doc
南方医科大学2009-2010学年第二学期第一临床医学院《妇产科学》试卷（A ）适用班级: 基础医学2008级，护理学2008级年级：专业：学号：姓名：课程学时数：54 考试日期：2010年06月10日，考试时长：120分钟，组卷人：张春辉题序一二三四五六题型样例A1型题B1型题A3/A4型题判断题名词解释题论述题总分满分30101051530100得分阅卷人得分数：一、单选题1.患者体温39.50C ，属于：A ．低温B ．中等度热C ．高热D ．超高热E ．弛张热……得分数二、配伍题题干：38-41A ．左锁骨上淋巴结转移癌多见B ．右锁骨上淋巴结转移癌多见C ．腋窝淋巴结转移癌多见D ．肺部转移癌多见E ．全身淋巴结肿大38．乳腺癌39．胃及食道癌40．肺癌41．淋巴瘤每道题下面有A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个答案，其中只有一个正确答案，答题时从中选择一个你认为最合适的答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑，以示你的选择。
每题1分，总分**分。
每组题有五个备选答案，备选答案后有两个以上的问题，每个问题要选择一个正确答案，但每个备选答案可不选或选用几次。
每题1分，总分**分。
题干：42-46 ……得分数三、多选题51．脉搏增快常见于哪些病变：A ．休克B ．心力衰竭C ．疼痛D ．颅内压增高E ．伤寒52．脉搏减慢常见以下哪些情况：A ．颅内压增高B ．肺炎C ．Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞D ．阻塞性黄疸E ．使用西地兰后53．可出现潮式呼吸的病变有：A ．忧郁症B ．气胸C ．脑炎D ．脑动脉硬化E ．脑膜炎54．关于高血压的描述，正确的有以下哪几项：A ．血压>139/90mmHg 属高血压B ．舒张压≥95mmHg ，不论收缩压如何，均为高血压C ．舒张压正常，而收缩压≥140mmHg ，称收缩期高血压D ．高血压者常有脉压增大E ．动脉硬化者均有高血压得分数：四、问答题（总分**分）55．大叶性肺炎时，体检可发现哪些典型体征？（10分）（预留足够空位）56．指出各心脏瓣膜听诊区的位置？（10分）每道题下面有A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个答案，其中有多个正确答案，答题时将你认为正确的答案挑选出来，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑，以示你的选择，多选或少选均不得分。
2015年全国医学统考考博英语真题
全国医学统考2015年考博英语真题1、Despite his doctor's note of caution, he never ( ) from drinking and smoking. A> retainedB、dissuadedC、alleviatedD、abstained试题答案：D2、People with a history of recurrent infections are warned that the use of persona, stereos with headsets is likely to ( ) their hearing.A、rehabilitateB、jeopardizeC、tranquilizeD、supplement试题答案：B3、Impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did not seem to ( ) Larry in any way in his success.A、refuteB、ratifyC、facilitateD、impede试题答案：D4、When the supporting finds were reduced, they should have revised their plan ( ).A、accordinglyB、alternativelyC、considerablyD、relatively试题答案：A5、It is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can ( ) future adults with appreciation of music.A、acquaintB、familiarizeC、endowD、amuse试题答案：C6^ If the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices, then inflation should subside when energy prices)・A、level outB、stand outC、come offD、wear off试题答案：A7、Heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands immediate ( ) from qualified medical personnel.A、prescriptionB、palpationC、interventionD、interposition试题答案：C8、Asbestos exposure results in mesothelioma, asbestosis and interna, organ cancers, and ( )of these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.A、offsetB、intakeC、outletD、onset试题答案：D9、Ebola, which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine, ( ) and semen, can kill up to 90% of those infected.A、salineB、salivaC、scabiesD、scraps试题答案：B10、The newly designed system is ( ) to genetic transfection, and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.A、comparableB、transmissibleC、translatableD、amenable试题答案：D11、Every year more than I 000 patients in Britain die on transplant waiting lists, prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.A、propellingB、prolonging试题答案：A12、Improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients, but there is still a serious stigma attached to AIDS.A、disgraceB、discriminationC、harassmentD、segregation试题答案：A13、Survivors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude.A、depletionB、dehydrationC、exhaustionD、handicap试题答案：C14、Scientists have invented a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible wood-carved stone, a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine.A、negativeB、confusingC、eloquentD、indistinct试题答案：D15、Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coaches to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from long-term goals.A、anticipateB、clarifyC、examineD、verify试题答案：C16、His imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.A、challengingB、solemnC、hostileD、demanding试题答案：D17、The discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclipsed by the recent growing trade friction.C、shadowedD、suspended试题答案：C18、Faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger, so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench it.A、nurtureB、eliminateC、assimilateD、puncture试题答案：A19、Some recent developments in photography allow animals to be studied in previously inaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.A、unpredictableB、unconventionalC、unparalleledD、unexpected试题答案：C20> A veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating touchy situation.A、estimatingB、handlingC、rectifyingD、anticipating试题答案：BA mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases, (1) a new case report published in PNAS this week.According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton, UK, a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks after giving birth, (2) tumors were discovered in her daughter's cheek and lung when she was 11 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the baby*s cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cells of the mother. But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father, (3) would be expected if she had inherited the cancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cell made it into the unborn child's body across the placental barrier.The Guardian claimed this to be the first (4) case of cells crossing the placental barrier. But this is not the case—microchimerism, (5) cells are exchanged between a mother and her unborn child, is thought to be quite common, with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 75 percent of cases and to go the other way about half (6).As the BBC pointed out, the greater (7) in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by its immune system. The answer, in this case at least, lies in a second mutation of the cancer cells, which led to the (8) of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign. As a result, no attack against the invaders was launched.(9) , according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of “cancer danger”. Only 17 probablecases have been reported worldwide and the combined (10) of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the baby’s immune system is extremely low.A、suggestsB、suggestingC、having suggestedD、suggestedA、sinceB、althoughC> whereasD、whenA、whatB、whomC、whoD、asA、predictedB、notoriousC、provenD、detailedA N whereB、whenC、ifD、whateverA、as manyB、as muchC、as wellD、as oftenA、threatB、puzzleC、obstacleD、dilemmaA、detectionB、deletionC、amplificationD、additionA、ThereforeB、FurthermoreC、NeverthelessD、ConclusivelyA、likelihoodB、functionC> influenceD、flexibility试题答案：A、C、D、C、A、D、B、B、C、AIII1、The American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half.First of ail, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the more cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach to drug development and embracing the long tail of cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group.Pfizer announced that one such drug it's pushing into late-stage testing is targeted for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug in initial tests, and nine out of ten is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing drugs toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percent?Ask Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene, two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In a test of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma, a full 100 percent of the subjects saw their cancer reduced by half. Needless to say, a 100 percent response to a cancer drug (or in this case, a drug cocktail) is more or less unheard of. Moreover, this combination never would've been tried if two competing companies hadn't sat down and put their heads together.Are there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by walls of competitive interest and proprietary information? Who’s to say, but it seems like with the vast amount of money and research being pumped into cancer dru g development, the odds are pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent, we can more easily start talking about oncology's favorite four-letter word: cure.1、Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?2、In cancer drug development, according to the passage, the pharmaceuticals now ( ).3、From the encouraging advance by the two companies, we can infer that ( ).4、From the last paragraph, it can be inferred that the answer to the question ( ).5、The tone of the author of this passage seems to be ( ).A、Competition and CooperationB、Two Competing Pharmaceutical CompaniesC、The Promising Future of PharmaceuticalsD、Encouraging News: a 100% Response to a Cancer DrugA、are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approachB、are moving towards individualized and targeted treatmentsC、are investing the lion*s shares of their moneyD、care only about their profitsA、the development can be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaborationB、it was their competition that resulted in the accomplishmentC、other pharmaceuticals will join them in the researchD、the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapyA、is nowhere to be foundB、can drive one crazyC、can be multipleD、is conditionalA、neutralB、criticalC、negativeD、optimistic试题答案：D、B、A、D、D2、Liver disease is the 12th-leading cause of death in the U. S., chiefly because once it*s determined that a patient needs a new liver, it’s very difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable donor match is found, there*s no guarantee a transplant will be successful. But researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab, successfully transplanting culture-gown livers into rats.The livers aren’t grown from scratch, but rather within the infrastructure of a donor liver. The liver cells in the donor org an are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells, leaving behind a biological scaffold (支架)of proteins and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically.With all of that complicated infrastructure already in place, the researchers then seeded the scaffold with liver cells isolated from healthy livers, as well as some special endothelial cells to line the blood vessels. Once repopulated with healthy cells, these livers lived in culture for 10 days.The team also transplanted some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats, where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rats’ vascular systems. However, the current method isn’t perfect and cannot seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers can’t keep functioning for more than a bout 24 hours (hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat transplant).But the initial successes are promising, and the team thinks they can overcome the blood vessel problem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic, but if nothing goes horriblywrong -------------------------------------- and especially if stem-cell research establishes a reliable way to create health livercells from the every patients who need transplants—lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could become a reality.6、It can be inferred from the passage that the animal model was mainly intended to ( ).7、What does the author mean when he says that the livers aren* 1 grown from scratch?8、The biological scaffold was not put into the culture in the lab until ( ).9、What seems to be the problem in the planted liver?10、The research team holds high hopes of ( ).A、investigate the possibility of growing blood vessels in the labB、explore the unknown functions of the human liverC、 reduce the incidence of liver disease in the U. S.D、address the source of liver transplantsA、The making of a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture.B、 A huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab.C、The building of the infrastructure of a donor liver.D、Growing liver cells in the donor organ.A、duplicated syntheticallyB、isolated from the healthy liverC、repopulated with the healthy cellsD、the addition of some man-made blood vesselsA、The rats are wrong recipients.B、The time point of the transplantation.C、The short period of the recellularization.D、The insufficient repopulation of the blood vessels.A、creating lab-generated livers for patients within two yearsB、the timetable for generating human livers in the labC、stem-cell research as the future of medicineD、building a fully functioning liver into rats试题答案：D、A、C、D、D3、Patients whose eyes have suffered heat or chemical burns typically experience severe damage to the cornea—the thin, transparent front of the eye that refracts light and contributes most of the eye’s focusing ability. In a long-term study, Italian researchers use stem cells taken from the limbus, the border between the cornea and the white of the eye, to cultivate a graft of healthy cells in a lab to help restore vision in eyes. During the 10-year study,the researchers implanted the healthy stem cells into the damaged cornea in 113 eyes of 112 patients. The treatment was fully successful in more than 75 percent of the patients, and partially successful in 13 percent. Moreover, the restored vision remained stable over 10 years. Success was defined as an absence of all symptoms and permanent restoration of the cornea.Treatment outcome was initially assessed at one year, with up to 10 years of follow-up evaluations. The procedure was even successful in several patients whose bum injuries had occurred years earlier and who had already undergone surgery.Current treatment for burned eyes involves taking stem cells from a patient ’ s healthy eye or from the eyes of another person, and transferring them to the burned eye. The new procedure, however, stimulates the limbal stem cells from the patients own eye to reproduce in a lab culture. Several types of treatments using stem cells have proven successful in restoring vision, but the long-term effectiveness shown here is significant. The treatment is only for blindness caused by damage to the cornea, it is not effective for repairing damaged retinas or optic nerves.Chemical eye burns often occur in the workplace, but can also happen due to mishaps involving household cleaning products and automobile batteries.The results of the study, based at Italy*s University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, were published in the June 23 online issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.11、What is the main idea of this passage?12、The Italian technique reported in this passage ( ).13、Which of the following is NOT mentioned about eye burns?14、What is one of the requirements for the current approach?15、Which of the following words can best describe the author’s attitude towards the new method?A、Stem cells can help restore vision in the eyes blinded by bums.B、The vision in the eyes blinded by bums for 10 years can be restored.C、The restored vision of the burned eyes treated with stem cells can last for 10 years.D、The burned eyes can only be treated with stem cells from other healthy persons.A、can repair damaged retinasB、is able to treat damaged optic nervesC、is especially effective for bum injuries in the eyes already treated surgicallyD、shows a long-term effectiveness for blindness in vision caused by damage to corneaA、The places in which people work.B、The accidents that involved using household cleaning products.C、 The mishaps that involved vehicles batteries.D、The disasters caused by battery explosion at home.A、The stem cells taken from a healthy eye.B、The patient physically healthy.C、The damaged eye with partial vision.D、The blindness due to damaged optic nerves.A、Sarcastic.B、Indifferent.C、Critical.D、Positive.试题答案：A、D、D、A、D4、Here is a charming statistic: divide the U. S. by race, sex and county of residence, and differences in average life expectancy across the various groups can exceed 30 years. The most disadvantaged looks like denizens of a poor African country: a boy bom on a Native American reservation in Jackson County, South Dakota, for example, will be lucky to reach his 60th birthday. A typical child in Senegal can be expected to live longer than that.America is not alone in this respect. While the picture is extreme in other rich nations, health inequalities based on race, sex and class exist in most societies and are only partly explained by access to health-care.But fresh insights and solutions may soon be at hand. An innovative project in Chicago to unite sociology and biology is blazing the trail (开仓0)，after discovering that social isolation and fear of crime can help to explain the alarmingly high death rate from breast cancer among the city*s black women. Living in these conditions seems to make tumors more aggressive by changing gene activity, so that cancer cells can use nutrients more effectively.We are already familiar with the lethal effect of stress on people clinging to the bottom rungs of the societal ladder, thanks to pioneering studies of British civil servants conducted by Michael Marmot of University College London. What's exciting about the Chicago project is that it both probes the mechanisms involved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies. There are drugs that may stave tumors of nutrients and community coordinators could be employed to help reduce social isolation. Encouraged by the U. S. National Institutes of Health, similar projects are springing up to study other pockets of poor health in populations ranging from urban black men to white poor women in rural Appalachia.To realize the full potential of such projects, biologists and sociologists will have to start treating one other with a new respect and learn how to collaborate outside their comfort zones. Too many biomedical researchers still take the arrogant view that sociology is a “ soft science^^ with little thafs serious to say about health. And too many sociologists reject any biological angle-fearing that their expertise will be swept aside and that this approach will be used to bolster discredited theories of eugenics, or crude race-based medicine.If s time to drop these outdated attitudes and work together for the good of society's most deprived members. More important, it’s time to use this fusion of biology and sociology to inform public policy. This endeavor has huge implications, not least in cutting the wide health gaps between blacks and whites, rich and poor.16、A s shown in the 1st paragraph, the shaming statistic reflects ( ).17、Which of the following can have a negative impact on health according to the Chicago-based project?18、T he Chicago-based project focuses its management on ( ).19、W hich of the following can most probably neglected by sociologists?20、The author is a big fan of ().A、injustice everywhereB、racial discriminationC、a growing life spanD、health inequalitiesA、Where to live.B、Which race to belong to.C、How to adjust environment.D、What medical problem to suffer.A、a particular medical problem and its related social issueB、racial discrimination and its related social problemsC、the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD、a specific disease and its medical treatmentA、The racial perspective.B、The environmental aspect.C、The biological dimension.D、The psychological angel.A> the combination of a traditional and new way of thinking in promoting healthB、the integration of biologists and sociologists to reduce health inequalitiesC、the mutual understanding and respect between racesD、public education and health promotion试题答案：D、A、D、C、B5、American researchers are working on three antibodies that may mark a new step on the path toward an HIV vaccine, according to a report published online Thursday, July 8, 2010, in the journal Science.One of the antibodies suppresses 91 percent of HIV strains, more than any AIDS antibody ever discovered, according to a report on the findings published in the Wall Street Journal. The antibodies were discovered in the cells of a 60-year-old African-American gay man whose body produced them naturally. One antibody in particular is substantially different from its precursors, the Science study says.The antibodies could be tried as a treatment for people already infected with HIV, the WSJ reports. At the very least, they might boost the efficacy of current antiretroviral drugs.It is welcome news for the 33 million people the United Nations estimated were living with AIDS at the end of 2008.The WSJ outlines the painstaking method the team used to find the antibody amid the cells of the African-American man, known as Donor 45. First they designed a probe that looks just like a spot on a particular molecule on the cells that HIV infects. They used the probe to attract only the antibodies that efficiently attack that spot. They screened 25 million of Donor 45*s cell to find just 12 cells that produced the antibodies.Scientists have already discovered plenty of antibodies that either don'I work at all or only work on a couple of HIV strains. Last year marked the first time that researchers found “ broadly neutralizing antibodies** ,which knock out many HIV strains. But none of those antibodies neutralized more than about 40 percent of them, the WSJ says. The newest antibody, at 91 percent neutralization, is a marked improvement.Still, more work needs to be done to ensure the antibodies would activate the immune system to produce natural defenses against AIDS, the study authors say. They suggest three test methods that blend the three new antibodies together in raw form to prevent transmission of the virus, such as from mother to child: in a microbicide gel that women or gay men could use before sex to prevent infection ; or as a treatment for H1V/A1DS, combined with antiretroviral drug.If the scientists can find the right way to stimulate production of the antibodies, they think most people could produce then, the WSJ says.21、We can learn from the beginning of the passage that ( ).22、What is the implication of the antibodies discovered in the cells of the African-American gay man?23、The newest antibody found in Donor 45 reflects a dramatic advance in terms of ( ).24 > According to the study authors, the three test methods are intended to ( ).25、The passage is most likely ( ).A、 a newly discovered antibody defeats 91% of the HIV strainsB、 a new antiretroviral drug has just come on the marketC、American researchers have developed a new vaccine for HIVD、the African-American gay man was cured of his HIV infectionA、They can cure the 33 million AIDS patients in the world.B、They may strengthen the effects of the existing antiretroviral drugs.C、They will kill all the HIV viruses.D、They will help make a quick diagnosis of an HIV infection.A、pathologyB、pharmacologyC、HIV neutralizationD、HIV epidemiologyA、advance the technology in condom production to prevent HIV infectionB、facilitate the natural immune defense against AIDSC、develop more effective antiretroviral drugsD、develop a treatment for HIV/A1DSA、 a news reportB、 a paper in ScienceC、an excerpt from an Immunology TextbookD、an episode in a science fiction novel试题答案：A、B、C、B、A6、Whitening the world ’ s roofs would offset the emissions of the world's cars for 20 years, according to a new study from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Overall, installing lighter-colored roofs and pavement can cancel the heat effect of two years of global carbon dioxide emissions, Berkeley Lab says. It's the first roof^cooling study to use a global model to examine the issue.Lightening up roofs and pavement can offset 57 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide, about double the amount the world emitted in 2006, the study found. It was published in the journal Environmental Research Letters.Researchers used a conservative estimate of increased albedo, or solar reflection, suggesting that purely white roofs would be even better. They increased the albedo of all roof by 0.25 and pavement by 0.15. That means a black roof, which has an albedo of zero, would only need to be replaced by a roof of a cooler color—which might be more feasible to implement than a snowy white roof, Berkeley Lab says.The researchers extrapolates a roof ’ s CO2 offset over its average lifespan, if all roofs were converted to white or cool colors, they would offset about 24 gigatons (24 billion metric tons) of CO2, but only once. But assuming roofs last about 20 years, the researchers came up with 1.2 gigatons per year. That equates to offsetting the emissions of roughly 300 million cars, all the world, for 20 years.Pavement and roofs cover 50 to 65 percent of urban areas and cause a heat-island effect because they absorb so much heat. That’s why cities are significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. This effect makes it harder—and therefore more expensive—to keep buildings cool in the summer. Winds also move the heat into the atmosphere, causing a regional warmingeffect.Energy secretary Steven Chu, a Nobel laureate in physics (and former Berkeley Lab director), has advocated white roofs for years. He put his words into actions by directing all Energy Department offices to install white roofs. All newly installed roofs will be white and black roofs might be replaced when it is cost-effective over the lifetime of the roof.“Cool roofs are one of the quickest and lowest-cost ways we can reduce our global carbon emissions and begin the hard work of slowing climate change.” he said in a statement.26、Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?27、As indicated by the passage, black roofs ( ).28> If they are converted to white or cooler colors, all roofs in the world in their lifetime ( ).29> According to the passage, it is hard and expensive to keep the urban buildings cool because of ( ).30、Energy Secretary Steven Chu implies that ( ).A、 A Decline in Car EmissionsB、White Roofs or Black PavementsC、The Effect of Lightening-up RoofsD、Climate Change and Extreme WeathersA、are better than snowy white onesB、reflect no heat from the sunC、are more expensive to build in the urban areasD、are supposed to be replaced by snowy white onesA、can absorb 1.2 gigatons of CO2 a yearcould serve as 300 million cars in terms of emissionC、would offset the emissions from 300 million carsD、would offset about 24 gigatons of CO2 as emitted from the carsA、the heat-island effectB、the lack of seasonal windsC、the local unique weatherD、the fast urban shrinkageA、nothing could be more effective in cooling global warming than method he has advocatedB、the method in question still needs to be justified in the futureC、our global carbon emissions can be reduced by half if cool roofs are installedD、weather change and global warming can be addressed in no time试题答案：C、B、C、A、AIVIn this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay.什么是健康？人的健康包括身体健康和心理健康两个方面。
中南大学湘雅附一妇产科学2015年考博真题试卷
中南大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
中南大学湘雅附一
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：妇产科学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释
合症 二度闭经 抗磷脂抗体综合征 pcos 二、问答题 1 卵泡的生长过程，排卵前卵泡的特点。 2 妊娠期心脏病对孕妇的影响。 3 羊水栓塞的病理生理及治疗方法。 4产后出血的原因及评估出血量的方法。 5怎样根据异常白带的状况鉴别阴道炎的病因。 6宫颈癌化疗用于哪些情况，有何意义。 7女性不孕的原因有哪些，输卵管通畅试验的方法有哪些。 8阐述各种卵巢肿瘤的肿瘤标志物。 9内异症不孕的原因有哪些。
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医学考博真题试卷
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南方医科大学
2015 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：妇产科学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、简答题（8 选 5，40 分） 1.产后大出血失血性休克的处理原则。 2.未足月胎膜早破期待疗法的处理原则。 3.孕晚期胎儿宫内状态监护的常用方法。 4.浅谈腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术中碎瘤器应用的利弊。 5.为什么宫颈癌 FIGO 分期仍采用临床分期？如何该进和修正。 6.简述不孕症筛查的临床路径 7.简述 2014 年新产程标准和处理。 8.比较口服促排卵药克罗米芬和来曲唑的特点。 二、问答题（5 选 3，60 分） 1.早期及中期唐氏综合症筛查项目及意义。 2.早产宫缩抑制药物及作用机理。 3.子宫内膜异位症治疗药物及作用机理。 4.子宫切除术的途径有哪几种？您认为哪种更适合中国国情。 5.反复种植失败的原因和处理原则。
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