《英语教学法教程》期末考试讲稿

Unit 1 Language and language learning

1.2 views on language in the structural view, language is a system of structurally related elements which include phonological units, grammatical units, grammatical operations, lexical items to transmission of meaning. Therefore the target of language learning is to mastery these elements.

结构观把语言看做是结构上相关联的元素的系统，包括语音单位，语法单位，语法操作，词项。语言学习目标是掌握这些元素。

In the communicative/functional view, language is regards as a vehicle for express functional meaning. Although the grammatical characteristics are included, however, the semantic and communicative dimensions of language are more emphasized. In this view the target of language learning is to learn to express communication functions and categories of meaning.

交际

/

功能观，语言是表达功能性意义的载体。虽然语法特点依然包括在内，但更强调语言的语义和交际层面。因此语言学习目标是学习表达通讯功能和意义类别。The last one is the interactional view of language, it sees language is the means for establishing and maintaining relationship between people, and for performing social transactions between individuals. So the target of language learning is initiate and maintain conversations with others.

交际观，语言是建立和维持人与人关系，执行社交的方法。语言学习目标，发起并维持对话

1.3 views on language learning and learning in general

课本定义

1.4 elements contribute to qualities of a good language teacher 1.5 how can one become a good language teacher? Unit 2 Communicative principles and task-based language teaching

The ultimate goal of foreign language teaching is:

to enable the learners to use the foreign language in work or life. 2.2 communicative competence

定义谁给出

? (Hymes) Hedge

的解释

Linguistic competence

.

语言能力

是指理解语言本身，语言形式及其意义的能力。语言能力包含了拼写、发音、词汇、构词、语法、句型和语义等方面的能力。语言能力是交际能力的基石，一个不可缺少的组成部份。

pragmatic competence

语用能力

是指学习者在特定的语境中针对特定的对象知道如何合适清晰地表达自己的意图的能力。用

Hymes

的话说就是知道

“

何时说，何时不说，和谁，什么时间，什么地点，以什么方式说些什么

”

。

discourse competence

篇章能力

是指在口语或书面语中理解或创造连贯的上下文内容的能力，或称

话语能力

。例如：在口语或书面语中，使用‘首先，其次，然后，最后‘等保持上下文的连贯。

strategic competence

策略能力

是指如何在一个真实的交际情景下保持交际渠道通畅的能力。它包括以下三个方面：

1)

在口语和书面语冒险一试的能力；

2)

使用具体交际策略的能力；

3)

习得具体交际策略中的常用语言形式。

fluency

语言流畅

语言流畅是指自如地把言语单元有效连结起来的能力。流畅涉及语言的输出，多指口语的输出。流畅包括三个方面：

1

）语义流畅，

2

）词汇，句法流畅，

3

）发音流畅。

2.4 principles of communicative language teaching

Three principles for CLT

These are the three principles suggested by Richards and Rodgers: Communication principle: Activities that involve real communication promote learning.

交际原则：涉及交际的活动可以提高学习的效果。例如：问路

Task principle: Activities in which language is used for carrying out meaningful task promote learning.