关于空气质量的英语专业术语
环境工程英文词汇
大气ATMOSPHERE大气组成Atmospheric composition空气质量Air quality大气化学Atmospheric chemistry大气成分Atmospheric components大气颗粒物Atmospheric particulates二氧化碳Carbon dioxide温室气体Greenhouse gases氧气Oxygen臭氧层Ozone layer大气过程Atmospheric processes空气－水相互作用Air-water interaction大气环流Atmospheric circulation大气降水Atmospheric precipitation碳循环Carbon cycle蒸发作用Evaporation降水增加Precipitation enhancement降雨Rainfall太阳辐射Solar radiation蒸腾作用Transpiration风Winds空气污染Air pollution酸雨Acid rain空气污染物Air pollutants氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulate matter 飞灰Fly ash雾Fog薄烟Haze空内空气污染Indoor air pollution烟雾Smog气候问题Climatic issues农业气象学Agrometeorology气候Climate气候变化Climatic change气候带Climatic zones干旱Drought全球变暖Global warming温室效应Greenhouse effect湿度Humidity微气候影响Microclimate effects海平面上升Sea level rise人工影响天气Weather modification岩石圈LITHOSPHERE固态地球Solid Earth 洞穴Caves地震活动Seismic activity地震监测Seismic monitoring火山Volcanoes风蚀Wind erosion陆地生态系统TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS 土壤Soils农用土地Agricultural land碱地Alkali lands污染的土地Contaminated land污染的土壤Contaminated soil沙坑Gravel pits荒地Heath lands土地承载能力Land carrying capacity土地污染Land pollution土地开垦Land reclamation土地恢复Land restoration土地使用分类Land use classification边缘土地Marginal lands沙石开采Sand extraction沉积Sedimentation土壤潜力Soil capabilities土壤保持Soil conservation土壤污染Soil contamination土壤退化Soil degradation土壤侵蚀Soil erosion土壤改良Soil improvement土壤盐碱化Soil salination水蚀Water erosion干旱地区生态系统Arid land ecosystems干旱土地Arid lands沙漠化Desertification抗旱Drought control旱作Dry farming沙丘固定Sand dune fixation沙丘Sand dunes半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid land ecosystems森林生态系统Forest ecosystems植树造林Afforestation针叶林Coniferous forests森林砍伐Deforestation森林保护Forest conservation森林火灾Forest fires草地火灾Grass fires绿化带Greenbelts本地森林Indigenous forests再造林Reafforestation植被恢复Revegetation亚热带生态系统Sub-tropical ecosystems温带森林Temperate forests温带林地Temperate woodlands热带生态系统Tropical ecosystems热带森林Tropical forests热带森林生态系统Tropical forest ecosystems林地生态系统Woodland ecosystems温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Temperate ecosystems and cold zone ecosystems南极生态系统Antarctic ecosystems南极地区Antarctic region北极生态系统Arctic ecosystems北极地区Arctic region寒带生态系统Cold zone ecosystems草地生态系统Grassland ecosystems永久冻土生态系统Permafrost ecosystems 极地生态系统Polar ecosystems温带生态系统Temperate ecosystems山地生态系统Mountain ecosystems高原生态系统Highland ecosystems登山运动Mountaineering湿地生态系统Wetlands ecosystems红树沼泽Mangrove swamps水禽Waterfowl水涝地Waterlogged lands流域管理Watershed management水边开发Waterside development生物多样性和保护区Biological diversity and protected areas适应性强的物种Adaptable species藻类Algae两栖动物Amphibians动物习性Animal behaviour动物资源Animal resources节肢动物Arthropods生物多样性Biological diversity生物资源Biological resources生物圈保护区Biosphere reserves 群落生境Biotopes鸟类Birds植物园Botanical gardens基因资源保护Conservation of genetic resources生态平衡Ecological balance濒危动物物种Endangered animal species濒危植物物种Endangered plant species河口保护区Estuarine conservation areas动物区系Fauna植物区系Flora食物链Food chain捕猎Hunting无脊椎动物Invertebrates陆地哺乳动物Land mammals哺乳动物Mammals海洋保护区Marine conservation areas微生物Microorganisms移栖种Migratory species国家公园National parks国家保护区National reserves寄生生物Parasites愉猎Poaching灵长目Primates保护区Protected areas受保护的物种Protected species爬行动物Reptiles陆地生物资源Terrestrial biological resources 植被Vegetation杂草Weeds野生生物Wildlife野生生物保护Wildlife conservation野生生物生境Wildlife habitats动物园Zoological gardens细菌Bacteria酶Enzymes真菌Fungi基因库Gene banks种质Germ plasm微生物资源Microbial resources原生生物Protozoa病毒Viruses酵母Yeasts生物技术问题Biotechnological issues农业生物技术Agricultural biotechnologies生物伦理学Bioethics生物安全Biosafety生物技术Biotechnologies无性繁殖Cloning与健康有关的生物技术Health-related biotechnologies诱变剂Mutagens突变微生物释放Mutated microorganisms release突变体Mutants繁殖控制Reproductive manipulationDNA重组技术Recombinant DNA technology动物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of animals植物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of plants生物技术的社会－经济影响Socio-economic impact of biotechnologies致畸剂Teratogens淡水FRESHWATER淡水资源Freshwater resources谈水保护Conservation of freshwater水坝Dams自然排水系统Natural drainage systems河流流域开发River basin development地下水Subterranean water地表水Surface waters水资源保护Water resources conservation水资源开发Water resources development 淡水生态系统Freshwater ecosystems集水区Catchment areas国际河流流域International river basins湖泊流域Lake basins池塘尾渣Ponds tailings河流流域River basins淡水恶化Freshwater degradation河流污染River pollution径流Run-off沉积物移动Sediment mobilization沉积物运移Sediment transport沉积盆地Sedimentary basins渗漏Seepage凤眼蓝Water hyacinth水污染Water pollution 水的盐化Water salination饮用水供应Drinking water supply脱盐Desalination饮用水Drinking water饮用水处理Drinking water treatment城市配水系统Municipal water distribution systems农村供水Rural water supply污水处理厂Sewage treatment plants水泵Water pumps水处理Water treatment水井Water wells海洋环境MARINE ENVIRONMENTS海洋生态系统Marine ecosystems藻花Algal bloom海底生态系统Benthic ecosystems海洋污染Marine pollution污染沉积物Marine sediments海洋环境Ocean circulation洋流Ocean currents海洋Oceans海洋温度Ocean temperature赤潮Red tide海平面Sea level潮,潮汐Tides沿海生态系统Coastal ecosystems群岛Archipelagoes沿海地区Coastal areas沿海开发Coastal development沿海环境Coastal environments海岸侵蚀Coastal erosion疏浚Dredging河口生态系统Estuarine ecosystems岛屿生态系统Island ecosystems小岛屿Small islands海洋生物资源Living marine resources水生哺乳动物Aquatic mammals水生微生物Aquatic microorganisms水生植物Aquatic plants珊瑚礁Coral reefs甲壳纲动物Crustaceans海洋资源保护Marine resources conservation软体动物Molluscs水生贝壳类动物Shellfish环境管理ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 资源管理Resources management深海矿藏Deep sea deposits森林管理Forest management森林政府Forest policy资源的地埋分布Geographic distribution of resources土地价值Land values矿产资源Mineral resources国家保护计划National conservation programmes自然资源Natural resources自然保护Nature conservation不可再生资源Non-renewable resources资源净损耗Net resource depletion矿床Ore deposits石油资源保护Petroleum resources conservation可再生资源Renewable resources资源估价Resource appraisal资源保护Resource conservation海底开发Sea bed exploitation海底采矿Sea bed mining本地资源的利用Utilization of local resources 环境规划Environmental planning发展合作Development cooperation发展计划Development planning生态发展Ecodevelopment经济发展Economic development经济计划Economic planning环境核算Environmental accounting环境审计Environmental auditing环境健康影响评价Environmental health impact assessment环境影响Environmental impact环境影响评价Environmental impact assessment环境影响状报告书Environmental impact statement环境指标Environmental indicators环境政策Environmental policy环境风险评估Environmental risk assessment 财政资助Financial assistance土地利用规划Land use planning环境管理指标Environmental management indicators环境质量指标Environmental quality indicators试验项目Pilot projects政策规划Policy planning施压集团Pressure groups区域规划Regional planning自助计划Self-help programmes工农业选址Siting of industry社会调查Social surveys发展状况Status of development可持续发展Sustainable development可持续发展指标Sustainable development indicators技术评价Technology assessment运输计划Transport planning环境经济问题Environmental economic issues环境定价Environmental valuation环境成本Environmental costs外部Externalities重置成本Replacement costs贸易对环境的影响Trade impact on environment已定价值的生态系统组成部分Valued ecosystem components经济管理手段Economic management instruments成本-效益分析Cost-benefit analysis发展中国家债务Developing countries debt 环境股票交易Environmental stock exchange政府环境开支Government environmental expenditures绿色财政手段Green fiscal instruments环境成本内在化Internalisation of environmental costs以绿色标志促销Marketing with green labeling资源的定价政策Pricing policies of resources 结构调整计划Structural adjustmentprograms税收差别Tax differentiation可交易的许可证Tradeable permits人类住区HUMAN SETTLEMENTS人类住区管理Human settlements management建成区Built-up areas经济规划Economic zoning用火安全要求Fire safety requirements历史遗址Historical sites住房改善Housing improvements住房需求Housing needs住房规划Housing programmes住房质量标准Housing quality standards工业区Industrial areas非高峰时间工作Off-peak working办公室Offices城区发展模式Patterns of urban growth规划的城区发展Planned urban development再建房屋Rehousing租赁房屋Rental housing居民区Residential areas建筑安全标准Safety standards for buildings 商店Shops建筑业标准Standards for building industry 城区设计Urban design建成结构Built structures桥梁Bridges建筑材料Building materials建筑物Buildings建筑技术Building technology施工技术Construction technology建筑工程Construction works农业建筑Farm buildings政府建筑Government buildings高层建筑High-rise buildings工业建筑Industrial buildings本地建筑材料Local materials for building拖车住房Mobile homes核研究中心Nuclear research centres装配式房屋Prefabricated buildings结构Structures隔热Thermal insulation 基础设施Infrastructure通道Access roads水上娱乐活动Aquatic recreational amenities 汽车停放Automobile parking建成的排水系统Built drainage systems电力分配Electric power distribution公共花园Public gardens公路Highways空地Open spaces管道Pipelines运动场Playgrounds公园Public parks公用事业Public utilities道路建设Road construction道路养护Road maintenance体育设施Sports facilities电信Telecommunications运输系统Transport systems隧道Tunnels城市供水Urban water supply公共服务Public services人类住区的社会－经济方面Socio-economic aspects of human settlements生育控制Birth control社区服务Community services社区参与Community participation通勤Commuting消费方式Consumption patterns文化指标Cultural indicators发展模式Development patterns残疾人Disabled persons毒品滥用Drug abuse生态旅游Ecotourism计划生育Family planning性别问题Gender issues无家可归Homelessness住房集资Housing finance人类迁居Human migration人口Human population人权Human rights土地分配Land allotment生活方式Lifestyles低价住房Low-cost housing流动工人Migrant workers少数民族Minorities社区改善计划Neighbourhood improvement schemes新社区New communities流浪者Nomads非高峰时间通勤Off-peak commuting公共卫生Public health种族关系Race relations娱乐Recreation农村地区Rural areas环境卫生Sanitation社会指数Social indicators社会-经济因素Socio-economic factors旅游Tourism旅行Travel贫困阶层Under-privileged people城市地区Urban areas城区改造Urban renewal城区压力Urban stress妇女地位Women status人类住区的环境方面Environmental aspects of human settlements空调Air conditioning尸体处置Disposal of the dead区城供热District heating住房密度Housing density过度拥挤Overcrowding难民Refugees旅游设施Tourist facilities城市衰败Urban decay农业AGRICULTURE农业方式Agricultural practices农业设备Agricultural equipment农业管理Agricultural management农业方法Agricultural methods农业害虫Agricultural pests农业生产Agricultural production农业储藏Agricultural storage动物疾病Animal diseases动物营养Animal nutrition养蜂业Apiculture水产养殖Aquaculture害虫的生物控制Biological control of pests 生物固氮Biological nitrogen fixation堆肥Composts 等高耕作Contour farming受控燃烧Controlled burning作物保护Crop protection挽畜Draught animals鱼类养殖Fish culture渔业管理Fisheries management谷物Grains作物虫害传染Infestation of crops粮食虫害传染Infestation of food灌溉Irrigation灌溉渠Irrigation canals灌溉农业Irrigation farming天然肥料Natural fertilizers有机农业Organic farming病虫害控制Pest management杀虫剂标准控制Pesticide control standards 植物病害Plant diseases家禽饲养Poultry farming林农轮作Shifting cultivation树木苗圃Tree nurseries滴灌Trickle irrigation农工业Agro-industry畜产品Animal products饮料工业Beverage industry酿造业Brewing industry蒸馏业Distilling industry食品辐照Food irradiation食品保存Food preservation食品贮藏Food storage食品运输Food transport林产品Forest products烟草Tobacco农用化学品Agrochemicals化学肥料Chemical fertilizers杀真菌剂Fungicides除草剂Herbicides杀虫剂的代谢Metabolism of pesticides硝酸盐Nitrates亚硝酸盐Nitrites亚硝胺Nitrosamines营养物Nutrients有机磷化物Organophosphorous compounds杀虫剂的持久性Persistence of pesticides杀虫剂路径Pesticide pathways杀虫剂Pesticides磷酸盐Phosphates杀虫剂的毒性Toxicity of pesticides 杀虫剂的使用Utilization of pesticides工业INDUSTRY工业生产过程Industrial processes制铝工业Aluminium industry适用技术Appropriate technology高炉Blast furnaces纤维素Cellulose化学工业Chemical industry清洁技术Clean technologies服装工业Clothing industry乳品业Dairy industry脱盐工厂Desalination plants干洗Dry cleaning炼铁工业Iron industry洗烫衣服Laundering皮革工业Leather industry金属加工Metal finishing金属电镀Metal plating金属冶炼Metal smelting矿产业Mineral industry采矿Mining天然气开采Natural gas extraction原油开采Oil extraction石油提炼Petroleum refining印刷工业Printing industry纸浆工业Pulp industry采石Quarrying橡胶加工Rubber processing炼钢工业Steel industry露天剥采Strip mining焦油生产Tar production焦油使用Tar use木材保存Wood preservation工业产品Industrial products消费品Consumer goods危险品Dangerous goods工业材料Industrial materials天然纤维Natural fibres包装Packaging 涂料Paints产品标签Product labeling可再用容器Reusable containers合成洗涤剂Synthetic detergents合成纺织纤维Synthetic textile fibres漆Varnishes木产品Wood products运输TRANSPORTATION空运Air transportation空中交通规则Air traffic regulations飞机Aircraft飞机发动机排放物Aircraft engine emissions 飞机噪音Aircraft noise机场Airports航天运输Space transportation陆上运输Land transportation自行车Bicycles内燃机Combustion engines 铁路运输Railway transport道路安全Road safety道路交通工程Road traffic engineering道路运输Road transport道路Roads城市交通Urban traffic车辆检验Vehicle inspection水上运输Water transportation渔轮Fishing vessels内河运输Inland water transport内陆水道Inland waterways国际水道International watercourses海运Maritime transport航运的危害Navigational hazards油轮Oil tankers港口Ports潜水艇Submarines能ENERGY能源Energy sources动物粪便作燃料Animal dung as fuel沼气Biogas生物量Biomass生物质能Biomass energy木炭Charcoal原油Crude oil能源资源Energy resources浓缩铀Enriched uranium矿物燃料Fossil fuels燃料酒精Fuel alcohol薪柴Fuel wood地热能Geothermal energy碳氢化合物Hydrocarbon compounds烃Hydrocarbons水电Hydroelectric power液化气Liquefied gas甲烷Methane天然气Natural gas可再生能源Renewable energy sources不可再生能源Non-renewable energy resources无污染能源Non-polluting energy sources核能Nuclear energy核燃料Nuclear fuels油类Oils油页岩Oil shales泥炭、泥煤Peat汽油Petrols从废料中提取的燃料Refuse derived fuels太阳能Solar energy焦油砂Tar sands海洋热能Thermal sea power潮汐能Tidal energy铀Uranium波浪能Wave energy风能Wind energy能源过程Energy processes煤气化Coal gasification煤液化Coal liquefaction电力Electric power发电厂Electric power plants蓄电装置Electrical storage devices能源保护Energy conservation能源转换Energy conversion能源效率Energy efficiency能源政策Energy policy能源生产Energy production能源利用Energy use能源利用方式Energy utilization patterns气体液化Gas liquefaction照明Lighting天然气勘探Natural gas exploration 核能利用Nuclear energy uses核电站Nuclear power plants近海石油钻探Offshore oil drilling石油勘探Oil exploration日照加热Solar heating环境化学ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY无机物质Inorganic substances酸Acids氧化铝Alumina氯Chlorine盐酸Hydrochloric acid硫化氢Hydrogen sulphide硫酸盐Sulphates硫酸Sulphuric acid光化学试剂Photochemical agents光化学效应Photochemical effects有机物质Organic substances有机硅化合物Organosilicon compounds酚Phenols外激素，信息素Pheromones植物油Vegetable oils生物化学过程Biochemical processes酸化Acidification需氧过程Aerobic processes厌氧过程Anaerobic processes生物降解Biodegradation脱氮作用Denitrification富营氧化Eutrophication杀虫剂的相互作用Interaction of pesticides 电离辐射Ionizing radiation代谢（作用），新陈代谢（作用）Metabolism 固氮Nitrogen fixation非电离辐射Non-ionizing radiation光合作用Photosynthesis物理－化学过程Physico-chemical processes 放射性Radioactivity毒性Toxicity污染POLLUTION污染物Pollutants气溶胶，气雾剂 Aerosols农业废物Agricultural wastes石棉Asbestos商业噪音Commercial noise混合污染Composite pollution作物废物Crop waste二恶英 Dioxins农家场院废物Farmyard waste火、火灾Fire危险物质Hazardous substances危险废物Hazardous wastes重金属Heavy metals医院废物Hospital wastes工业废水Industrial effluents工业排放物Industrial emissions工业烟尘Industrial fumes工业噪声Industrial noise无机污染物Inorganic pollutants铅污染Lead contamination液体废物Liquid wastes丢弃物，废气物Litter汞污染Mercury contamination微污染物Micropollutants采矿废物Mining wastes机动车辆排放物Motor vehicle emissions城市废物Municipal waste氮氧化物Nitrogen oxides噪声污染Noise pollution恶臭公害Odour nuisance有机物污染Organic pollutants难降解有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants有机溶剂Organic solvents有机卤化物Organohalogen compounds医药废物Pharmaceutical wastes塑料废物Plastic wastes多氯联苯Polychlorinated biphenyls聚合物废物Polymer wastes放射性物质Radioactive substances氡Radon橡胶废物Rubber waste锯屑Sawdust污水Sewage屠宰场废物Slaughterhouse waste固体废物Solid wastes热污染Thermal pollution有毒物质Toxic substances有毒废物Toxic waste毒素Toxins痕量元素Trace elements痕量物质Trace materials 交通噪音Traffic noise废物，垃圾Trash废热Waste heat木材废料Wood waste对流层臭氧Tropospheric ozone污染源Pollution sources生物武器Biological weapons水泥工业Cement industry化学武器Chemical weapons烟囱Chimneys冷却水Cooling waters机动车辆Motor vehicles摩托车Motorcycles核武器Nuclear weapons海洋倾倒Ocean dumping石油泄漏Oil spills废金属Scrap metals挖掘堆积Excavation heaps污染治理Pollution abatement隔音Acoustic insulation化学污染清除Chemical decontamination燃料脱硫Desulphurization of fuels过滤器Filters噪音治理Noise abatement污染治理设备Pollution abatement equipment污染控制技术Pollution control technology 辐射防护Radiation protection洗涤器Scrubbers分离器Separators防烟Smoke prevention废物最少化Waste minimization废物Wastes电池处理Battery disposal废物的化学处理Chemical treatment of waste处置场所Disposal sites废物焚烧Incineration of waste矿山回填Mine filling残油回收Oil residue recuperation放射性废物管理Radioactive waste management回收的材料Recycled materials回收Recycling材料再利用Reuse of materials卫生填埋Sanitary landfills海洋排泄口Sea outfall化粪池Septic tanks污水处置Sewage disposal污水处理系统Sewage treatment systems固体废物处置Solid waste disposal废物同化处置Waste assimilation capacities 废物转化技术Waste conversion techniques 废物处置Waste disposal废物土地处置Waste disposal in the ground 废物处置税Waste disposal taxes废物回收Waste recovery废物利用Waste use水的再利用Water reuse人体健康HUMAN HEALTH污染物的危害Hazards of pollutants在人体组织中的积累Accumulation in body tissues镉污染Cadmium contamination环境健康危害Environmental health hazards 人体接触污染物Human exposure to pollutants污染物的长期效应Long-term effects of pollutants核安全Nuclear safety污染物的影响Pollutant effects污染风险Pollution risk辐射效应Radiation effects药物的副作用Side effects of pharmaceutical drugs毒物质的协同效应Synergistic effects of toxic substances与环境有关的疾病Environmentally related diseases致癌物Carcinogens南美锥虫病Chagas'' disease人类的疾病Human diseases免疫疾病Immunological diseases婴儿死亡率Infant mortality疟疾Malaria盘尾丝虫病Onchocerciasis 病原生物体Pathogenic organisms辐射病Radiation sickness血吸虫病Schistosomiasis人类疾病传染媒介Vectors of human diseases工作环境Working environment人机工程学Ergonomics职业健康Occupational health职业安全Occupational safety振动Vibration营养与保健Nutrition and health care过敏素Allergens基本食物要求Basic food requirements食品Food食品添加剂Food additives食用色素Food colourants食品污染Food contamination保健Health care卫生设施Health facilities高蛋白食品High protein foods医院Hospitals营养不良Malnutrition医疗Medical treatment药用植物Medicinal plants营养Nutrition食品的营养价值Nutritive value of food毒物Poisons吸烟Smoking主食Staple foods传统保健Traditional health care灾难DISASTERS灾难现象Catastrophic phenomena生物体的意外释放Accidental release of organisms雪崩Avalanches旋风Cyclones沙漠蝗虫Desert locusts地震Earthquakes环境事故Environmental accidents流行病Epidemics洪水Floods飓风Hurricanes山崩Landslides人为灾难Human-made disasters核事故Nuclear accidents放射性污染Radioactive contamination释放Release地震海浪Seismic sea waves泄漏Spillage暴风雨Storms台风Typhoons应急减灾措施Emergency relief measures灾难清理作业Disaster clean-up operations 防灾准备Disaster preparedness防灾Disaster prevention灾难救援Disaster relief流离失所人员Displaced persons紧急救援Emergency relief应急避难所Emergency shelter环境应急计划Environmental contingency planning防洪Flood control放射性污染清除Radioactive decontamination临时住房Temporary housing临时避难所Temporary shelter生境破坏Habitat destruction陆地活动Land-based activities自然改变Physical alterations监测MONITORING环境监测Environmental monitoring生物指标Biological indicators生态标志Ecolabelling污染物鉴别Identification of pollutants噪声监制Noise monitoring污染物分析Pollutant analysis污染物分布Pollutant distribution污染物浓度Pollutant levels污染物监测Pollutant monitoring污染物路径Pollutant pathways污染物来源鉴别Pollutant source identification污染监测Pollution monitoring辐射监测Radiation monitoring交通监测Traffic monitoring监测数据Monitoring data空气质量管理Air quality management 大气监测Atmospheric monitoring本底监测Baseline monitoring环境标准Environmental criteria环境评价Environmental assessment部门评价Sectoral assessment环境统计Environmental statistics森林资源评估Forest resource assessment 洪水监测Freshwater monitoring工业生产统计Industrial production statistics 长期预报Long-term forecasting长期趋势Long-term trends海洋监测Marine monitoring监测基准Monitoring criteria污染基准Pollution criteria污染标准Pollution norms质量控制Quality control水盾Water quality天气监测Weather monitoring天气预报Weather prediction野生生物种群统计Wildlife population statistics监测技术Monitoring techniques分析设备Analytical equipment大气模型Atmospheric models自动检测Automatic detection测量仪器的标定Calibration of measuring equipment色谱分析Chromatographic analysis气象色谱法Gas chromatography模型制作，模型设计Modelling监测仪器Monitoring equipment放射性示踪技术Radioactive tracer techniques采样技术Sampling techniques模拟Simulation河道观测Stream measurement毒理测定Toxicological testing报警系统Warning systems监测系统Monitoring systems环境法ENVIRONMENTAL LAW国内立法National legislation农业立法Agricultural legislation污染防治激励措施Antipollution incentives 环境犯罪Environmental crimes环境激励措施Environmental incentives环境责任Environmental liability环境过失Environmental misconduct环境质量标准Environmental quality standards环境补贴Environmental subsidies林业立法Forestry legislation健康立法Health legislation住房立法Housing legislation工业立法Industrial legislation对破坏环境的惩罚Penalties for environmental damage污染者付费原则Polluter-pays principle污染控制法规Pollution control regulations 污染责任Pollution liabilities公众对土地的获取Public access to land法规控制Regulatory control国际环境关系International environmental relations入海通道Access to the sea双边协定Bilateral conventions环境安全Environmental security环境破坏行为Environmental vandalism环境冲突Environmental warfare危险废物的出口Export of hazardous wastes 全球性公约Global conventions国际标准化International standardization国际贸易International trade国际性重要的失态系统Internationally important ecosystems海洋事故的责任Liability for marine accidents核破坏的责任Liability for nuclear damages 军事活动Military activity事先知情同意Prior informed consent危险废物运输的事先通告Prior notification for hazardous waste transport区域性公约Regional conventions技术转让Technology transfer贸易避垒Trade barriers环境信息ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION 信息基础设施Information infrastructure图书馆Library信息中心Information centre 数据中心Data centre培训中心Training centre因特网服务提供商Internet service provider 信息网络Information networks环境术语Environmental terminology电子信息网络Electronic information network广域网Wide area network因特网Internet万维网World Wide Web主页Homepage超文本Hypertext公告牌系统Bulletin board system新闻组Newsgroup邮寄清单Mailing list电子函件Electronic mail信息技术Information technology多媒体技术Multimedia technology遥感中心Remote sensing centre地理信息系统实验室GIS laboratory环境意识Environmental awareness公共信息Public information新闻发布Press release视听演示Audio-visual presentation信息工具包Information kit录象Video展示Exhibit照片Photograph新闻通讯Newsletter广播节目Radio programme电视节目Television programme环境教育Environmental education环境培训Environmental training公共关系Public relations联络渠道Communication channels信息系统Information systems文献目录信息系统Bibliographic information system文献目录信息Bibliographic information技术信息Technical information本地知识Indigenous knowledge信息查询系统Referral information system供查询的信息Referral information统计信息系统Statistical information system 统计信息Statistical information术语Terminology同义词Thesaurus分类Classification图书馆服务Library services查阅服务Reference service文件编索引Indexing of documentation文件出错Document lending图书馆之间的借贷Inter-library loan信息的选择性传播Selective dissemination of information光盘只读存储查询服务CD-ROM search service因特网查询服务Internet search service信息服务Information services在线服务On-line services信息交流中心Information clearing-house数据处理Data processing数据收集Data collection数据记录技术Data recording techniques信息处理Information processing专家系统Expert system决策支持系统Decision-support system软件开发Software development数据库Database相关数据库Relational database信息交换Information exchange与地学有关的信息Geo-referenced information遥感Remote sensing多谱线扫描器Multispectral scanner分辨率Resolution像素Pixel谱带Spectral bands红外线Infrared紫外线Ultraviolet雷达Radar轨迹Path景物确认Scene identification图象处理数字系统Image processing digital systems 数字图象处理技术Digital image processing techniques图象识别Pattern recognition镶嵌图案Mosaics图象滤光Image filtering图象增强Image enhancement几何修正Geometric corrections影像配准Image registration图象分类Image classification受监视的图象分类Supervised image classification未被监视的图象分类Unsupervised image classification彩色组成Colour composition大气修正Atmospheric corrections地理信息系统Geographic information systems地理信息系统的数字系统GIS digital systems地理信息系统的数字格式GIS digital formats 矢量Vector点Point线Lines多边形Polygons光栅Raster属性Attributes地理信息系统的数字技术GIS digital techniques内插Interpolation布网格Gridding光栅到矢量Raster to vector矢量到光栅Vector to raster边界Boundaries国家边界National boundaries次国家边界Sub-national boundaries行政边界Administrative boundaries与地理相关的数据Geo-referenced data地理投影Geographical projections坐标系统Coordinate system纬度Latitude经度Longitude学科SUBJECT DISCIPLINES科目Subjects声学Acoustics农业生态学Agricultural ecology农业经济学Agricultural economics农业工程Agricultural engineering农业林学Agroforestry分析化学Analytical chemistry动物生态学Animal ecology动物遗传学Animal genetics畜牧学Animal husbandry动物生理学Animal physiology建筑学Architecture大气物理学Atmospheric physics细菌学Bacteriology生物化学Biochemistry生物气候学Bioclimatology生物地球化学Biogeochemistry生物学Biology植物学Botany心脏病学Cardiology制图学Cartography化学工程Chemical engineering化学海洋学Chemical oceanography 土木工程Civil engineering气候学Climatology细胞学Cytology电气工程Electrical engineering内分泌学Endocrinology流行病学Epidemiology河口生物学Estuarine biology河口海洋学Estuarine oceanography 食品科学Food science林学Forestry淡水生物学Freshwater biology遗传工程学Genetic engineering遗传学Genetics地质学Geology地貌学Geomorphology28139地球物理学Geophysics28140工艺地质学Geotechnology冰川学Glaciology血液学Haematology园艺学Horticulture人体生物学Human biology人体生理学Human physiology水文地理学Hydrography水文学Hydrology溶液培养学Hydroponics免疫学Immunology 无机化学Inorganic chemistry湖沼学，淡水生物学Limnology海洋生物学Marine biology船舶工程Marine engineering海洋地质学Marine geology材料科学Materials science机械工程学Mechanical engineering气象学Meteorology微生物学Microbiology微气候学Microclimatology采矿工程Mining engineering采矿地质学Mining geology分子生物学Molecular biology海洋学Oceanography有机化学Organic chemistry石油地质学Petroleum geology药理学，药物学Pharmacology摄影测绘学Photogrammetry物理海洋学Physical oceanography植物遗传学Plant genetics植物生理学Plant physiology土壤学Soil sciences谱学Spectroscopy分类学Taxonomy毒理学Toxicology兽医学Veterinary medicine病毒学Virology动物学Zoology环境经济学Environmental economics食品工艺学Food technology人体病理学Human pathology采矿地质学ORGANISATIONAL ATTRIBUTES。
环境科学常用词汇英文缩写
环境科学常用词汇英文缩写英汉对照撰写时间：2008-10-28 文章作者：文章来源：AAC(aconstical absorption coefficient) 吸声系数AAS(atomic absorption spectrometry) 原子吸收光谱法Abs(absolute temerature) 绝对温度abs(abstracts) 摘要，提要act.std(actual standard) 现行标准AD(automatic detection) 自动检测AE(absolute error) 绝对误差aera(aeration) 曝气，充气AES(atomic emission spectrometry) 原子发射光谱法A.M(arithmetic mean) 算术平均值Am.Std(American Standard) 美国标准APCS(air pollution control system) 空气污染防治系统AQCR（air quality control region）大气质量控制区AR(analytical reagent grade) 分析试剂纯；分析纯AR(annual report) 年度报告，年报at.(atmospheric) 大气的at.(atomic) 原子的atm (atmosphere) 大气压aut.meas(automatic measurement) 自动测量avg(average) 平均，平均数AW(acid waste) 酸性废物AWT(advanced waste treatment) 废水深度处理BaP(benzo[a]pyrene) 苯并（a）芘BHC(benzene hexachloride) 六氯化苯；六BIP(biotic index of pollution) 污染生物指数BOD(biochemial oxygen demand) 生化需氧量BOD5(five day BOD) 五天生化需氧量BP(bleached pulp) 漂白纸浆Bur(bureau) 局，科；编辑部Cat (catalog(ue)) 录目；条目；CER(cation exchange resin) 阳离子交换树脂Chem(chemistry) 化学的CI(contamination index) 污染指数COD(chemical oxygen demand) 化学需氧量Co.Ltd(company limited) 有限公司Com(committee) 委员会Corp(corporation) 公司：社团法人CP(chemical pure) 化学纯DAS(Ocean Data Acquisition System) 海洋数据收集系统DC(diffusion constant) 扩散常数D.C(dust collectr) 除尘器DCS(data collection system) 数据收集系统D.I(diffustion index) 扩散指数DO(dissoved oxygen) 溶解度EC(effective concentration) 有效浓度ECD(electron capture detector) 电子捕获检测ecol(ecology) 生态学E Coli(Escherichia Coli) 大肠杆菌ECS(environmental control system) 环境控制系统E.D(effective dose) 有效剂量ED(electrodialysis) 电渗析EGT(exhaust gas temperature) 排气温度EIA(environmental impact assessment) 环境影响评价EQA（environmental quality assessment）环境质量评价EROS（earth resources observation satellite）地球资源观察卫星ERTS（earth resources technology）地球资源技术EIS（environmental Impact Statement）环境影响报告（书）FCA（fluid char absorption process）流化床炭吸附法FD（fatal dose）致死剂量FPD（flame photometric detector）火焰光度检测计GC（gas chromatography）气相色谱仪GCMS（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry）气相色谱（法）GLC（gas-liguid chromatography）气液色谱（法）GNP（gross national production）国民经济总产值HC（hyprocarbon）烃，碳氢化合物iER（ion-exchange resin）离子交焕树脂Iwt（industrial waste treatment）工业废物处理IR（infra-red）红外线（的）IX（ion exchange）离子交换JIM（job instruction manual）工作说明手册L-a（lagcon）氧化塘lab（laboratory）实验室、研究室LC（liquid chromatography）液相色谱法MAC（maximum acceptable concen-tration）最大容许浓度MPC（maximum permissible concen-tration）最大容许浓度MF（membrane filter）膜滤器NAA（neutron activation analysis）中子活化分析NC（noise equivalent intensity）噪声标准值NEI（noise equivalent intensity）噪声等效强度NF（noise facfor）噪声因数NLR（noise load ratio）噪声负荷比NR（noise ratio）噪声比O-R（Oxidation-reduction）氧化-还原ORAQI（Oak Ridge Air Quality Index）橡树岭空气质量指数PCI（pollution control index）污染控制指数PDR（proliminary data report）原始数据报告PE（permissible error）容许误差PEIW（population equivalent of industrial waste water）工业废水人口当量ppm（part（s）per million）百万分之一PPP（polluter pays principle）“污染者承担”原则Proj（project）科研项目，规划、计划、方案QTR（Qualiffication Test Report）检验合格报告RBC（rotating biological contactor）生物转盘RO（reverse osmosis）反渗透RP（reserch paper）研究报告，研究论文SS（standard specification）标准规格，标准规范TD（technical data）技术数据TDS（total dissoved solid）总溶解固体T.M.(technical regulations) 技术手册TR(technical regulations) 技术规程TSS(total suspended solids) 总悬浮固体量WPI(Water quality index) 水（质）污染指数WQI(Water pollution index) 水质指数WQM(Water quality monitoring) 水质监测WRDC(Water Resources Devel-opment Center) 水资源开发中心WWT(Waste water treatment) 废水处理YB(year book) 年鉴；年刊。
关于空气质量的英语专业术语
关于空气质量的英语专业术语这两天大家一定都很关注空气质量情况的播报，也许你会好奇空气质量指数到底是根据哪些污染物算出来的？各种等级的污染对我们有哪些危害？下面就来为大家科普下这些基础知识吧：【关于空气质量的术语】环境空气ambient air指人群、植物、动物和建筑物所暴露的室外空气空气质量指数air quality index (AQI)定量描述空气质量状况的无量纲指数。
空气质量分指数individual air quality index (IAQI)单项污染物的空气质量指数。
首要污染物primary pollutantAQI大于50时IAQI最大的空气污染物。
超标污染物non-attainment pollutant浓度超过国家环境空气质量二级标准的污染物，即IAQI大于100的污染物。
总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particle (TSP)指环境空气中空气动力学当量直径小于等于100μm的颗粒物。
颗粒物（粒径小于等于10μm）particulate matter (PM10)指环境空气中空气动力学当量直径小于等于10μm的颗粒物，也称可吸入颗粒物。
颗粒物（粒径小于等于2.5μm）particulate matter (PM2.5)指环境空气中空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5μm的颗粒物，也称细颗粒物。
* 此前我们国家采用的空气质量标准是API (Air Pollution Index)，也就是空气污染指数；但在2012年2月后进行了修订，改为AQI，最重要的一个变化就是加入了PM2.5的监测。
【AQI基于哪些空气污染物】The AQI level is based on the level of 6 atmospheric pollutants:①二氧化硫：sulfur dioxide (SO2)②二氧化氮：nitrogen dioxide (NO2)③ PM10：suspended particulates smaller than 10μm in aerodynamic diameter④一氧化碳：carbon monoxide (CO)⑤臭氧：ozone (O3)⑥ PM2.5：suspended particulates smaller than 2.5μm in aerody namic diameter【空气质量指数及对健康的危害】空气质量指数(AQI) 空气质量指数类别(Air Pollution Level) 表示颜色(Colors) 对健康影响情况(Health Implications) 建议采取的措施(Health Messages) 英文综述0-50 优(Good) 绿色(Green) 空气质量令人满意，基本无空气污染各类人群可正常活动No health implications. Enjoy your usual outdoor activities.51-100 良(Moderate) 黄色(Y ellow) 空气质量可接受，但某些污染物可能对极少数异常敏感人群健康有较弱影响极少数异常敏感人群应减少户外活动Members of sensitive groups should reduce outdoor activities.101-150 轻度污染(Lightly Polluted) 橙色(Orange) 易感人群症状有轻度加剧，健康人群出现刺激症状儿童、老年人及心脏病、呼吸系统疾病患者应减少长时间、高强度的户外锻炼Slight irritations may occur. Children, elders and people with heart or breathing problems should reduce strenuous outdoor activities.151-200 中度污染(Moderately Polluted) 红色(Red) 进一步加剧易感人群症状，可能对健康人群心脏、呼吸系统有影响儿童、老年人及心脏病、呼吸系统疾病患者避免长时间、高强度的户外锻练，一般人群适量减少户外运动Slight irritations may occur. Children, elders and people with heart or breathing problems should restrict strenuous outdoor activities.201-300 重度污染(Heavily Polluted) 紫色(Purple) 心脏病和肺病患者症状显著加剧，运动耐受力降低，健康人群普遍出现症状儿童、老年人和心脏病、肺病患者应停留在室内，停止户外运动，一般人群减少户外运动Healthy people will be noticeably affected. Children, elders and people with heart or breathing problems should remain indoors. Healthy individuals should reduce outdoor activities.>300 严重污染(Severely Polluted) 褐红色(Maroon) 健康人群运动耐受力降低，有明显强烈症状，提前出现某些疾病儿童、老年人和病人应当留在室内，避免体力消耗，一般人群应避免户外活动Healthy people will experience reduced endurance in activities. There may be strong irritations and symptoms and may trigger other illnesses. Children, elders and the sick should remain indoors and avoid exercise. Healthy individuals should avoid outdoor activities.。
与大气环境质量相关的专业名词
与大气环境质量相关的专业名词- 空气质量指数（Air Quality Index，AQI）- 颗粒物（Particulate Matter，PM）- 臭氧（Ozone，O3）- 二氧化硫（Sulfur Dioxide，SO2）- 一氧化碳（Carbon Monoxide，CO）- 二氧化氮（Nitrogen Dioxide，NO2）- 挥发性有机化合物（Volatile Organic Compounds，VOCs）- 氮氧化物（Nitrogen Oxides，NOx）- 光化学烟雾（Photochemical Smog）- 可入侵颗粒物（Inhalable Particulate Matter，PM10）- 细颗粒物（Fine Particulate Matter，PM2.5）- 气溶胶（Aerosol）- 无烟目标区（Smoke-Free Zone）- 酸雨（Acid Rain）- 全球变暖（Global Warming）- 温室气体（Greenhouse Gas）- 气象条件（Meteorological Conditions）- 大气污染物（Air Pollutant）- 大气病毒载体（Airborne Virus Carrier）- 无人机负载气象探测仪（UAV Payload Meteorological Detector）- 大气模式（Atmospheric Model）- 大气监测（Atmospheric Monitoring）- 大气质量评估（Atmospheric Quality Assessment）- 大气层（Atmosphere）- 污染源（Pollution Source）- 燃烧排放（Combustion Emission）- 气溶胶光学厚度（Aerosol Optical Thickness，AOT）- 预警系统（Early Warning System）- 预报模型（Forecast Model）- 温度逆温（Temperature Inversion）- 水汽（Water Vapor）- 风速（Wind Speed）- 瓦斯（Gas）- 吹尘（Blowing Dust）- 大气降水（Atmospheric Precipitation）- 温度逆变层（Temperature Inversion Layer）- 固体颗粒物（Solid Particulate Matter）- 液态颗粒物（Liquid Particulate Matter）- 气溶胶微观形态（Micro-Morphology of Aerosols）- 大气光学参数（Atmospheric Optical Parameters）- 散射光（Scattered Light）- 吸收光（Absorbed Light）- 空气污染控制技术（Air Pollution Control Techniques）- 空气净化器（Air Purifier）- 扬尘（Dust）- 氮氧化物（Nitrous Oxide，N2O）- 饱和蒸汽压（Saturation Vapor Pressure）- 蒸发速率（Evaporation Rate）- 湿降水（Wet Precipitation）- 干降水（Dry Precipitation）。
环境学专业术语中英对照1
环境学专业术语中英对照1 AAQS环境空气质量标准AARS机载观测资料自动发送系统abatement减低；降低；减少abiotic无生命的；非生物的ABL大气边界层abrasive磨料；磨蚀剂；有磨蚀作用的absorber （of long-wave radiation）长波辐射吸收剂absorber vessel吸收器；吸收装置absorbing ability吸收能力absorption吸收作用absorptive complex吸收性复合体abundance丰度ACCAD世界气候应用及资料计划咨询委员会acceptable daily intake容许日摄入量acceptance test验收试验accident management事故管理accidental spill事故性溢漏acetate moiety乙酸根；乙酸基acetylene dichloride对称二氯乙烯acid fallout酸性沈降物acid fog酸雾acid mist酸雾acid rain酸雨acid sulphate soils酸性硫酸盐土；热带沼泽林土acid（ic）deposit（ion）酸性沈积物acid（ic）precipitation酸性降水acid（ic）snow酸雪acid-affected受酸影响的；受酸危害的acid-causing substance致酸物质acid-forming substance成酸物质acidifying substance酸化物质acidogenic bactria产酸细菌acid-producing bacteria产酸细菌ACMAD非洲气象学应用促进发展中心acrylonitrile vapour丙烯腈蒸气action area行动区域；预定自然保护区action level触发行动水平；行动阈值Action Plan for the Biosphere Reserves生物圈保护区行动计划Action Plan for the Programme of Studies气候对人类影响研究计划的行动计划Action Plan for the Protection of the Atmosphere保护大气行动计划action spectrum作用光谱activated carbon活性炭activated sludge活性污泥activation of a response plan实行应急计划active活性的active solar energy system现用的太阳能系统acyclic无环的acyl nitrite亚硝酸酰基酯acyl radical酰基Ad Hoc Group of Legal Experts on Dumping倾弃问题特设法律专家组add-on hardware添加硬件add-on technology增添技术ADI容许日摄入量adiabatic process绝热过程administrative charges管理费ADR欧洲危险货物国际公路运输协定adsorbent吸附剂adsorption吸附作用adverse climate change不利的气候变化adverse effect不利效应；不利影响adverse environment effect对环境不利的影响adverse health effect对健康不利的影响adverse impact不利影响Advisory Committee on Marine Pollution海洋污染咨询委员会（海洋污染咨委会）Advisory Committee on Marine Pollution海洋污染咨询委员会（海洋污染咨委会）Advisory Group on Greenhouse Gases致温室效应气体问题咨询小组aeronautical climatology航空气候学Aeronautical Meteorology Programme航空气象学计划aerosol气溶胶；烟雾体aerosol （spray-）can喷雾罐；气溶胶喷罐aerosol dispenser气溶胶喷罐；气溶胶发生器aerosol load气溶胶浓度；气溶胶含量AFBC常压流化床燃烧AFC区域预报中心afforestation造林；绿化aflatoxin黄曲霉毒素African Ministerial Conference on Environment非洲环境问题部长级会议African Ministerial Conference on Environment非洲环境问题部长级会议African Ministerial Conference on Environment非洲部长级环境会议African NGO Environment Network非洲非政府组织环境网after-care of disposal sites垃圾堆置场的使用后管理aftershock余震AGCM大气环流模型Agricultural Meteorology Programme农业气象学计划agrochemicals农用化学品agroclimatic农业气候的agroclimatological zoning农业气候分区agrometeorology农业气象学A-horizon淋溶层；A层air barrier气障；气泡阻挡层；气泡屏蔽air chemistry大气化学air column气柱air current气流air injection system空气喷射系统air intrusion气流侵袭air mass气团air monitoring大气监测air parcel气块air pollutant空气污染物air pollution空气污染air pollution control空气污染控制air pollution load空气污染物浓度；空气污染物含量air shed大气补给分界线air shower大气中宇宙线的簇射air surveillance空气污染监视airborne contaminant气载污染物airborne emissions空气中的排放物airborne fraction of carbon空气中的碳化合物馏分airborne particulates空气中的悬浮微粒；气载微粒airborne pollutant concentration气载污染物浓度airborne pollution大气污染；空气污染airborne system机载系统airborne transport大气输运aircraft（-based）observations机上观测airflow气流air-fuel ratio空气燃油比air-sea boundary layer大气海洋边界层；海-气边界层air-sea interaction大气海洋相互作用；海-气相互作用air-sea interface大气海洋界面；海-气界面albedo反照率；反射率albedo radiation反照辐射algae control藻类控制algal bloom水华；藻华；藻类大量繁殖alicyclic脂环族的aliphatic compound脂族化合物alkadiene链二烯alkali metal碱金属alkaline-earth metal碱土金属alkalinization碱化；碱化作用alkane烷；链烷烃alkene烯；链烯烃alkyd resins醇酸树脂alkyl aluminium halide卤化烷基铝alkyl nitrate硝酸烷基酯alkyl nitrite亚硝酸烷基酯alkylphosphonothio dihalide烷基硫代膦酰二卤alkyne炔；链炔烃alleviating measures缓和措施；减轻措施allowable daily intake容许日摄入量alluvial deposit冲积物；冲积层alluviation冲积；冲积作用allyl chlorocarbonate氯甲酸烯丙酯alterant备用方案alternative development可选择的发展alternative fuel代用燃料alternative technology可选择的技术altitude distribution高度分布；垂直方向分布ambient air环境大气；环境空气ambient air monitor环境空气监测ambient air quality standard环境空气质量标准ambient quality standard环境质量标准ambient standard环境标准AMCEN非洲部长级环境会议amenities of the countryside乡村的舒适amenity rights舒适环境的权利；舒适权amine ring氨基环ammonia （NH3）氨ammonia solution （NH4OH）氨溶液；氢氧化铵；氨水ammonia water氨水；氨溶液；氢氧化铵ammonium hydrogen sulphite （NH4HSO3）亚硫酸氢铵ammonium hydroxide氢氧化铵；氨溶液；氨水ammonium sulphate （（NH4）2SO4）硫酸铵ammonium superphosphate过磷酸铵ammonolysis氨解作用ammoxidation氨解氧化作用；氨氧化反应作用amplification factor放大因子anaerobic conditions缺氧情况ANEN非洲非政府组织环境网animal density动物密度anion exchanger阴离子交换剂anomalous fluctuations反常起伏；反常波动anomaly反常；异常Antarctic Circle南极圈Antarctic ozone hole南极臭氧层空洞Antarctic springtime ozone depletion南极春季臭氧消耗Antarctic stratospheric circumpolar vortex南极平流层环极涡旋anthropogenic源于人类活动的；人为的anticipatory environmental action防患未然的环保行动anti-desertification programme防止沙漠化计划antioxidant抗氧化剂；防老化剂anti-trade反信风APELL在地方一级知道和作好工业事故的准备APELL在地方一级知道和作好工业事故的准备appliance labelling电器用品贴上标签Applications of Meteorology Programme气象学应用计划applied cloud physics应用云物理学approved facility （处理危险或其他废物的）合格设施aqua ammonia氨水；氢氧化氨；氨溶液aquatic acidification水的酸化aquatic biota水生生物区系；水生生物群aquatic food web水生食物链；水生食物网Arctic Cercle北极圈Arctic ozone hole北极臭氧层空洞area （emission）source区域污染源Area Forcast System （AFS）区域预报系统area meteorological watch区域气象监视area of environmental stress环境受到威胁地区area pollution区域污染aromatic芳族的；芳香的；芳香剂artificial structure人工建筑物；人工结构ASAP自动化船载高空探测计划ascending chromatography上行色谱法ASP过磷酸铵assessment panel评估小组Atlas mooring阿特拉斯式系泊装置atmosphere-ocean-land-ice system大气-海洋-陆地-冰雪体系；气海陆冰体系atmospheric absorption大气吸收atmospheric abundance（s）例如二氧化碳在大气中的丰度；成分atmospheric acidity大气酸度atmospheric boundary layer （ABL）大气边界层atmospheric change大气变化atmospheric chemist大气化学家atmospheric chemistry大气化学atmospheric chlorine build-up大气氯累积；大气氯蓄积atmospheric circulation pattern大气环流模式atmospheric climate大气气候atmospheric column大气气柱atmospheric composition大气成分atmospheric constituent大气组分；大气组元atmospheric deposition排入大气atmospheric disturbance大气扰动atmospheric dynamics大气动力学atmospheric environment大气环境atmospheric fallout大气沈降物atmospheric flow pattern大气气流模式atmospheric fluidized bed combustion常压流化床燃烧atmospheric forcing大气外力作用atmospheric free radical大气游离基Atmospheric General Circulation Model大气环流模型atmospheric input （of pollutants）污染物的排入大气atmospheric inversion大气逆变；大气逆温atmospheric layer大气层atmospheric life （of a substance）一种物质在大气中存在的时间atmospheric loading （of e.g. chlorine）例如氯在大气中的浓度；含量；负荷atmospheric microphysics大气微观物理学atmospheric model大气模型atmospheric modeller大气模型家atmospheric movements （of e.g. nitrogen oxides）例如氧化氮在大气中的移动atmospheric ozone column大气臭氧气柱atmospheric physicist大气物理学家atmospheric pollution network大气污染监视网atmospheric radical大气游离基atmospheric recovery time大气复原时间atmospheric region大气层Atmospheric Research and Remote Sensing Plane大气研究和遥感研究专机atmospheric researcher大气研究者atmospheric residence time在大气中停留时间atmospheric sciences大气科学atmospheric scientist大气科学家atmospheric shell大气层atmospheric sounder大气探测器atmospheric transfer大气输运atmospheric transformation product使大气变性的产物atmospheric transport大气输运atmospheric transport-chemistry model大气输运和化学反应模型atmospheric turbidity大气浑浊度atmospherics detection station天电检测站auctionable emission rights可拍卖的排放权利austral spring南半球春季austral winter南半球冬季Automated Shipboard Aerological Programme自动化船载高空探测计划Automatic Aircraft Reporting System机载观测资料自动发送系统automative air conditioning汽车空调；汽车空气调节autophyte自养植物autotroph自养生物autotrophic自养的autotrophy自养available （chlorine, oxygen, etc.）有效氯，氧等average total amount of ozone臭氧平均总量average total ozone臭氧平均总量awarwness-building建立意识azeotrope共沸混合物B2O5 N2O5；五氧化二氮（一般不译）Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network气象组织本底空气污染监测网Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network （BAPMoN）本底空气污染监测网background atmosphere composition network本底大气成分监测网background concentration本底污染浓度background measurement本底测量background monitoring station本底监测站background ozone本底臭氧backgroung （ambient air）pollution本底污染backscattered radiation后向散射的辐射backscattered ultraviolet radiation （BUV radiation）后向散射的紫外辐射backscattering后向散射back-up支持；支持物；备分BACT可得的最佳控制污染技术bag house袋滤室balance平衡balance line system平衡管道系统balance of nature自然生态平衡balance vapour recovery system平衡管道蒸气回收系统balancing line system平衡管道系统balks未耕地balloon ozone sounding气球臭氧探测balloon-borne instrument气球运载仪器；球载仪器Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission波罗的海海洋环境保护委员会ban禁止使用BAPMoN本底空气污染监测网BAPMoN site本底空气污染监测网站basal layer of epidermis表皮基层base cations碱阳离子base metal贱金属baseline case基线案例baseline data基线数据baseline observing station 基线观测站basic active碱活性basic metal碱性金属basic obligations基本义务basic reaction碱性反应basic solution碱性溶液basin流域；盆地bearing capacity承载能力bedrock基岩behaviour of ozone臭氧特性belt skimmer带式撇油器benthic底栖的；海底的benthos底栖生物；水底生物Bergen Conference卑尔根会议Bern Convention伯尔尼公约best available control technology （BACT）可得的最佳控制污染技术best practicable means最可行的方法best practicable technology最可行的技术BFCs溴氟碳化合物B-horizon淀积层；B层biennial oscillation两年振荡bio（-）indicator对环境有指示作用的生物指示品种bioaccumulation生物累积bioassay生物测定；活体检定biocenose生物群落biocenosis生物群落biochemical action生化作用；生物化学作用biochemical oxygen demand （BOD）生化需氧量bioclimatic changes生物气候变化bioclimatology生物气候学biocoenose生物群落bio-data生物数据biodegradation rate生物降解速率biodiversity生物多样性biofilter生物过滤器；生物滤池biogenic chlorine源于生物的氯；生物产生的氯biogenic gas源于生物的气体biogeochemical cycle生物地球化学循环biological action生物作用biological action spectrum生物作用光谱biological amplification factor生物放大因数biological assay生物鉴定；生物测定；活体检定biological balance生物平衡biological control生物控制biological cycle生物循环；生物周期biological energy conversion生物能量转换biological exposure indicator生物性曝露指示装置biological half-life生物半衰期biological indicator species对环境有指示作用的生物指示品种biological magnification factor生物放大因数biological oxygen demand生物需氧量biological treatment （BT）生物处理biologically active ultraviolet radiation具有生物活性的紫外辐射biologically effective ultraviolet radiation具有生物效应的紫外辐射biomagnification生物富集biome生物群落biomonitoring生物监测biosafety生物技术安全biosphere reserve生物圈保护区biospheric balance生物圈平衡biota生物区系；生物相；区域生物群biotechnological safety生物技术安全biotechnology生物技术；生物工艺学biotic control生物控制biotope群落生境；生活小区biphenyl联苯biradical二基团的bitrate radical硝酸根bloom大量繁殖blowing agent发泡剂BOD生化需氧量BOD strength生化需氧量大小BOD（x）X日的生化需氧量body of water水体body tissue体组织Bonn Convention波恩公约border effect边行效应；边行影响boron （B）硼bottom-living fish底栖鱼类bound nitrogen固氮boundary layer边界层bowl盆地；区域Br溴；（一般不译）breakdown分解breeding ground繁殖区；产卵区Brewer instrument布鲁尔检测仪Brewer-Mast electrochemical sonde布鲁尔-马斯特电化学探空仪bridge technology过渡性技术bromic ether溴代乙烷；乙基溴bromide溴化；溴化物brominated species含溴产品bromination溴化作用；溴化处理bromine（-containing）substance含溴物质bromochlorodifluoromethane二氟氯溴甲烷bromoethane溴乙烷；乙基溴bromofluorocarbons （BFCs）溴氟碳化合物bromoform （CHBr3）溴仿；三溴甲烷bromomethane溴甲烷；甲基溴bromotrifluoromethane （CBrF3）三氟溴甲烷brown coal褐煤Brundtland Report布伦特兰报告bubble concept气泡概念bubble tower鼓泡塔bubbler起泡器bubbling起泡；冒泡；鼓泡bubbling fluidized bed combustion沸腾式流化床燃烧budget预算；平衡；收支buffer solution缓冲溶液buffer（ing）capacity缓冲能力；缓冲容量building climatology建筑气候学build-up （of pollutants）污染物的累积；积累bulk deposition大量堆积；大量沈积buoy boat航标敷设艇burnt lime煅石灰；氧化钙；生石灰bush fire灌丛火灾；灌木林火BUV radiation后向散射的紫外辐射C2Cl2F4四氟二氯乙烷C2Cl3F3三氟三氯乙烷C2Cl4F2四氯二氟乙烷C2Cl6六氯乙烷C2ClF5五氟氯乙烷C2H3Cl3 C2H3Cl3三氯乙烷C2H4F2 C2H4F2 （1,1-二氟乙烷C2H4O2 C2H4O2甲酸甲酯C2H5Br C2H5Br乙基溴C2H5Cl C2H5Cl乙基氯C2HCl5 C2HCl5五氯乙烷C4F8 C4F8八氟环丁烷C4H4O C4H4O呋喃C5H10 C5H10戊烯Cadmium pollution镉污染Cairo Guidelines and Principles关于危险废物的环境无害管理开罗准则和原则calibrated fluxes校准流量；校准通量calibration校准Campaign for the Conservation of the Water's Edge保护河海边缘运动Canadian Environmental Protection Act加拿大环境保护法canopy林冠；树冠canopy density林冠郁闭度canopy manipulation林冠修整；林冠控制can-type precipitation gauge罐式雨量计cap （on production, consumption）生产或消费限额；限度carbide碳化；碳化物；碳化钙carbon canister活性碳罐carbon cycle碳循环carbon dioxide （CO2）二氧化碳carbon dioxide ice固态二氧化碳carbon disulphide二硫化碳carbon families碳族化合物carbon hexachloride六氯乙烷carbon material碳材料carbon monoxide （CO）一氧化碳carbon oxygen sulphide （COS）氧硫化碳；碳酰硫carbon oxysulphide氧硫化碳carbon tetrachloride （CCl4）四氯化碳carbon tetrafluoride四氟化碳carbonic acid （H2CO3）碳酸carbonic acid gas碳酸气；二氧化碳carbonic oxide一氧化碳carbonyl sulphide氧硫化碳；碳酰硫carrying capacity容纳量；装载量；负荷量；负担能力CAS化学文摘社；大气科学委员会cascade impactor阶式碰撞采样器cascade shower级联簇射catalysis催化作用catalyst催化剂catalyst-equipped passenger car装有催化净化废气系统的小客车catalytic chain催化循环catalytic converter催化转化器catalytic cycle催化循环catalytic exhaust system排气催化系统catalytic ozone destruction cycle臭氧的催化分解循环catchment汇水；集水cation exchange capacity阳离子交换能力cation exchanger阳离子交换剂；阳离子交换器CBrF3三氟溴甲烷CCCO气候变化与海洋委员会CCl2F2二氟二氯甲烷CCl2FCCl2F对称四氯二氟乙烷CCl3CHCl2五氯乙烷CCl3F三氯氟甲烷CCl4四氯化碳，四氯甲烷CClF2CClF2对称四氟二氯乙烷CClF2CF3五氟氯乙烷CClF3三氟氯甲烷ceiling value最高值；最高额cell line细胞株；细胞系cell methode分格法cellular plastic泡沫塑料CERESIS南美地震学区域中心certification requirements获得许可的必要条件资格CF2ClCCl2H CF2ClCCl2H （1,1,2-三氯-2,2-二氟乙烷CF3CF3 CF3CF3六氟乙烷CF4 CF4四氟甲烷，四氟化碳CFC氯氟碳化合物；含氯氟烃CFC 10 CFC 10四氯化碳，四氯甲烷CFC 11 CFC 11三氯氟甲烷CFC 110 CFC 110六氯乙烷CFC 112 CFC 112四氯二氟乙烷CFC 113 CFC 113三氟三氯乙烷CFC 114 CFC 114四氟二氯乙烷CFC 115 CFC 115五氟氯乙烷CFC 116 CFC 116六氟乙烷CFC 12 CFC 12二氟二氯甲烷CFC 120 CFC 120五氯乙烷CFC 122 CFC 122三氯二氟乙烷CFC 13 CFC 13三氟氯甲烷CFC 13B1 CFC 13B1三氟溴甲烷CFC 14 CFC 14四氟甲烷CFC 140a CFC 140a （1,1,1-三氯乙烷CFC 142b CFC 142b （1,1-二氟-1-氯乙烷CFC 152a CFC 152a （1,1-二氟乙烷CFC 160 CFC 160乙基氯CFC 160B CFC 160B乙基溴CFC 20 CFC 20三溴甲烷CFC 21 CFC 21二氯氟甲烷CFC 22 CFC 22二氟氯甲烷CFC 23 CFC 23三氟甲烷CFC 32 CFC 32二氟甲烷CFC 40 CFC 40甲基氯CFC 40 B CFC 40 B甲基溴CFC 500 CFC 500 （500制冷剂CFC 502 CFC 502 （502制冷剂CFC 503 CFC 503 （503制冷剂CFC 504 CFC 504 （504制冷剂CFC 611 CFC 611甲酸甲酯CFC C318 CFC C318八氟环丁烷CFC refrigerant氯氟碳化合物制冷剂CFC refrigeration fluid氯氟碳化合物制冷液CFC release rate氯氟碳化合物的排放速度CFM氟氯甲烷CH2=CHCl CH2=CHCl氯乙烯CH2Cl2 CH2Cl2二氯甲烷CH2ClCH2Cl CH2ClCH2Cl对称二氯乙烷CH2F2 CH2F2二氟甲烷CH3Br CH3Br甲基溴CH3CCl3 CH3CCl3 （1,1,1-三氯乙烷CH3CClF2 CH3CClF2 （1,1-二氟-1-氯乙烷CH3CH（Cl）CH2Cl CH3CH（Cl）CH2Cl （1,2-二氯丙烷CH3CH2Br CH3CH2Br乙基溴CH3CH2CHCl2 CH3CH2CHCl2 （1,1-二氯丙烷CH3CHCl2 CH3CHCl2 （1,1-二氯乙烷CH3CHF2 CH3CHF2 （1,1-二氟乙烷CH3Cl CH3Cl甲基氯CH4 CH4甲烷change in consumer attitudes消费者态度的变化change in weather pattern天气模式的变化；天气型的变化changes of acitity酸度的变化changing atmosphere变化中的大气；大气变化changing composition （of the atmosphere）大气成分的变化charge费charges on water pollution水污染费Charter on Ground Water Management地下水管理章程CHBr3 CHBr3三溴甲烷CHCl=CCl2 CHCl=Cl2三氯乙烯CHCl2CCl3 CHCl2CCl3五氯乙烷CHCl2CH2Cl CHCl2CH2Cl （1,1,2-三氯乙烷CHCl2F CHCl2F二氯氟甲烷CHCl3 CHCl3三氯甲烷CHClF2 CHClF2二氟氯甲烷Chemical Abstracts Service （CAS）化学文摘社chemical barrier化学屏蔽chemical burn化学性灼伤chemical change化学变化chemical cleaning of coal煤的化学净化chemical conversion化学转化Chemical Co-ordinating Centre化学问题协调中心chemical dump化学废料chemical emergency化学紧急事故chemical intermediate化学中间产品；化学半成品chemical name化学名chemical oxygen demand （COD）化学需氧量chemical poisoning化学品中毒chemical reactivity化学反应性chemical residence time化学品停留时间；化学品存在时间chemical safety化学安全chemical specialities化学的各种专业chemical substitute化学代用品；化学替代物质chemical theory化学理论chemical trace constituent化学痕量成分chemical transformation化学变化chemical transmitter化学传递介质chemically inert不起化学作用的；化学惰性的chemically reactive substance化学活性物质chemically-fixed energy化学能；化学固定能chemistry of atmosphere大气化学chemo……化学……chemoautotroph化学自养生物chemosphere光化层CHF3 CHF3三氟甲烷chlorethyl乙基氯chlorhydrogenation氯氢化作用chloride氯化；氯化物chloride prescrubber氯化物预洗净气剂chlorinated氯化的chlorinated alkane氯化烷烃chlorinated hydrocarbon氯化碳氢化合物chlorinated hydrocarbon refrigerant氯化碳氢化合物制冷剂chlorinated paraffin氯化石蜡；氯化烷烃chlorination氯化作用；在水中加氯chlorine catalysis氯的催化作用chlorine chemistry氯化学chlorine dioxide （ClO2）二氧化氯chlorine monoxide （Cl2O）氧化氯chlorine nitrate （ClONO2）硝酸氯chlorine oxide radical氧化氯游离基chlorine oxides （ClOx）氯的氧化物chlorine peroxide过氧化氯chlorine radicals氯游离基chlorine reservoir氯的吸收库chlorine sink氯的吸收汇chlorine system氯的化学系统；氯的化学循环chlorine theory氯理论chlorine（-containing）substance含氯物质chlorine-bearing compound含氯物质chlorine-bearing reservoir氯的吸收库chlorinolysis氯解chloroalkane氯化烷烃chlorocarbon氯化碳氢化合物chlorocarbon refrigerant氯化碳氢化合物制冷剂chlorodifluoromethane （CHClF2）二氟氯甲烷chloroethane氯乙烷chloroethylene二氯化乙烯chlorofluorocarbon （CFC）氯氟碳化合物；含氯氟烃chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant氯氟碳化合物制冷剂chlorofluoroethane氟氯乙烷chlorofluoromethane （CFM）氟氯甲烷chloroform （CHCl3）氯仿；三氯甲烷chlorohydrocarbon氯化碳氢化合物chloromethane氯甲烷chloropentafluoroethane （C2ClF5）五氟氯乙烷chlorophenols氯酚chlorotrifluoromethane （CClF3）三氟氯甲烷C-horizon母质层；C层chromatophore cell色素细胞CIDIE国际发展机构环境委员会circle of latitude纬度圈circulating fluidized bed combustor循环流化床燃烧室circulation pattern of the atmosphere大气环流模式circumpolar vortex环极涡旋；绕极涡旋CITES濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约Cl Cl氯；氯原子Cl2 Cl2氯分子Cl2C=CCl2 Cl2C=CCl2四氯乙烯Cl2O Cl2O氧化氯Cl3CCCl3 Cl3CCCl3六氯乙烷classified facility按可能引起污染的程度被定级设施clean air清洁空气；新鲜空气Clean Air Act空气清洁法clean atmosphere天然大气；洁净大气clean rain干净的雨；没有被污染的雨clean technologies不引起污染的技术；干净的技术clean use of coal煤的干净用法cleaner technologies清洁技术；净化技术cleaning solvent洗涤液；洗涤溶剂cleanup activities清洁活动；净化活动clear sky晴空clearing-house mechanism 资料交换所机制体制CLICOM CLICOM不译CLICOM facility CLICOM设施climagram气候图CLIMAT broadcast CLIMAT广播CLIMAT reporting station CLIMAT报告站CLIMAT TEMP reporting system CLIMAT TEMP报告系统climate alert气候警报climate applications气候应用Climate Applications Referral System气候应用检索系统climate change气候变化Climate Change Detection Project气候变化检测计划Climate Computing （CLICOM）CLICOM （不译）climate control气候控制climate data centre气候资料中心climate data management气候资料管理climate diagnostic气候分析climate forcing气候作用力climate indicator气候指示物climate information气候资料climate model气候模型climate modelling建立气候模型climate monitoring气候监测climate observing station气候观测站climate process气候过程climate record气候记录climate science气候科学climate sensitivity气候敏感性climate system monitoring （CSM）气候系统监测climate trend气候趋势climate variation气候变化climate warming气候变暖；气温升高climate watch气候监视climate-sensitive activity影响气候的活动；对气候敏感的活动climatic anomaly气候异常；气候距平climatic atlas气候图集climatic change气候变化climatic control气候控制climatic cycles气候循环；气候周期climatic data气候资料climatic divide气候分界climatic effects气候效应climatic element气候要素climatic event气候现象；气候事件climatic facilities气候治疗设施climatic factors气候因子climatic forecast气候预报；气候展望climatic hazard不测风云的危险性；气候异常的危险性climatic model气候模型climatic optimum气候适宜期climatic record气候记录climatic region气候区climatic scourge气候灾害climatic shift气候改变climatic stress气候限制；气候压力climatic upheaval气候激烈变化climatic variability气候的可变性climatic variation气候变化climatic zone气候带climatography气候志climatological chart气候图climatological forecast以气候学方法预报climatological station气候站climatologist气候学家climatology气候学ClNO2 ClNO2硝酰氯ClO2 ClO2过氧化氯ClONO2 ClONO2硝酸氯closed forest密生林；郁闭林closed-cup test闭杯法试验closed-loop control （of fuel metering）燃料计量的闭回路控制cloud albedo云的反照率cloud amount云量cloud climatology云气候学cloud cover云量cloud droplets云滴cloud field云区cloud physics云物理学cloud process成云过程；云形成过程cloud system云系cloudiness云量cloud-radiation feedback云和辐射相互作用；云-辐射反馈作用cloud-top height云顶高度cloud-top temperature云顶温度cloudy多云ClOx ClOx氯的氧化物CMM海洋气象学委会CO2 equivalent二氧化碳当量CO2-induced changes （of climate）二氧化碳引起的气候变化coal beneficiation选煤coal cleaning plant选煤厂coal washing洗煤COARE海洋大气耦合响应实验Coast Earth Station海岸地面站coastal area沿海区；海岸区coastal climate沿海气候coastal development滨海地区的发展coastal evolution海岸的演变coastal fog岸边的雾；岸雾coastal ocean海洋边缘；近岸海洋coastal protected area沿海保护区coastal sea海洋边缘；近岸海洋coastal shelf沿海大陆架coastal waters水体边缘；近岸水体COD化学需氧量COH雾系数cold start emissions冷起动时排出的废气collection of household refuse家庭垃圾的收集colonizing species群居物种column content of ozone大气气柱中的臭氧含量column of ozone大气气柱中的臭氧column of the atmosphere大气气柱combating climate change防备气候变化combustion emissions燃烧废气combustion plant燃烧设施；燃烧车间combustion source火源；火箱；燃烧室combustor燃烧室；燃烧器commercial applications商业应用commercial lead time商品从开始设计到投入市场所需的时间commercially available substitute可在市场上买到的代用品Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology航空气象学委员会Commission for Agricultural Meteorology农业气象学委员会Commission for Atmospheric Sciences大气科学委员会Commission for Basic Systems （CBS）基本系统委员会Commission for Climatology （CCl）气候学委员会Commission for Marine Meteorology海洋气象学委员会Commission for Special Applications ofMeteorology……气象学和气候学特殊应用委员会Commission Initiative in the Field ofthe Environ……欧洲共同体委员会环境领域计划Committee for Climate Changes and the Ocean气候变化和海洋委员会Committee of International Development国际发展机构环境委员会Committee of International Development国际发展机构环境委员会Committee of the Whole全体委员会common name通用名称compacted soil紧实土Compendium on Low- and Non-waste Technologies低废和无废技术概要completely halogenated全氯化的compliance遵守compliance delay延期遵守；延期执行component成分；组分composition of CFCs氯氟碳化合物的成分compound organic matter复合有机物compressed natural gas压缩天然气compression ratio压缩比compressive resistance抗压强度；压应力；抗压力compulsory measures强制性措施concentration basin浓缩池；选矿槽concentration factor浓缩系数；富集系数concentration level浓缩水平；富集水平condensate冷凝；冷凝液Conference of Experts on Climate and Mankind气候和人类问题专家会议Conference on Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas气候变化和致温室效应气体问题会议Conference on Environment and Development环境与发展会议（环发会议）conservation保护；保养；养护；维护conservation area保护区conservation of biological diversity维护生物的多样性conservation of cilmate保护气候conservation of genetical diversity维护遗传的多样性conservation of landscape保护风景；保护景观conservation of nature保护自然；自然保护conservation policy保护政策conservationist提倡保护自然资源的人consignment （of waste）废物的托运consumption area （of ozone depleting substances）消耗臭氧物质的消费领域contactant （photo）sensitizer致光敏物质containment （of controlled substances）控制物质的限制使用containment （of solid wastes）固态废物的限制地区contaminant污染物contaminated被污染的content含量contigency plan应急计划continental ice sheet大陆冰原continuous flow bioassay连续流动活体检定；连续流动生物测定continuous sampling连续采样control管制；控制；管理；防治；对照control of residues of pesticides残留农药的控制control period控制期间；管制期间controlled受控制的；受管制的；受节制的controlled dumping有控制地倾弃controlled landfilling有控制地用垃圾填地controlled oxidation受控氧化作用controlled substance控制物质；管制物质controlled tipping有控制地倾弃Convention for the Prevention of Marine防止陆源物质污染海洋公约Convention for the Protection of the保护世界文化和自然遗产公约Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer保护臭氧层公约Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident核事故及早通报公约Convention on Fluorochlorohydrocarbons关于含氯氟烃的（维也纳）公约Convention on International Trade in Endangered S濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution长程越界空气污染公约Convention Trust Fund公约信托基金conventional gasoline engin传统汽油发动机conventional tip （uncompacted）传统倾弃办法不压实conversion time转换时间conversion to alternative fuels转换到代用燃料coolant冷却剂；冷却液；致冷液cooling of the atmosphere冷却大气co-operating agency合作机构Co-ordinating Committee on the Ozone Layer臭氧层问题协调委员会core岩心；冰心core sampler岩心取样器；冰心取样器core-drilling取心钻进；取心钻井corer岩心取样器；冰心取样器Coriolis force科里奥利力corona of the terrestrial atmosphere地球大气上层地冕COS COS氧硫化碳；碳酰硫cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic-ray shower宇宙线簇射cost impact成本影响；成本冲击cost-benefit analysis成本效益分析cost-effective成本效率高的；效率高成本低的cost-effectiveness成本效率cost-effectiveness analysis成本效率分析cost-offsetting advantage抵补成本的优势cost-optimal最合算的；最经济的counter-claim反诉；反要求Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment海洋大气耦合响应实验cradle to grave management由始至终的管理crime against the environment对环境的犯罪；破坏环境罪critical load临界负荷critical loads approach临界负荷法critical pH临界pH值；临界酸碱度crop damage谷物损害crop failure谷物歉收crop monitoring作物监测crop pest作物病虫害crop plant农作物；作物crop tree主伐木；主林木croplands耕地cropping system耕作制度cross-section截面；横截面cryofluorane四氟二氯乙烷cryosphere冰雪圈；冰冻层cull tree等外树；不良立木cultivation shifting改变耕作方法cumulative dose累积剂量cyanide氰化；氰化物cyanide-containing waste substances含氰废物cycloalkanes环烷cyclone separator旋风式分尘器；旋风式分离器cyclone storm surge气旋性风暴潮cyclone-recovery skimmer涡旋式水上浮油回收装置D layer D层daily dose日剂量daily variation日变化damage to the environment损害环境danger label危险标记；危险标志danger level危险水平；危险程度danger threshold危险阈；安全限值dangerous goods危险货物DARE数据抢救计划data buoy数据收集浮标站Data Collection Platform （DCP）资料收集平台Data Collection System （DCS）资料收集系统data profile资料大略daytime （ozone）profile臭氧的白日分布曲线DBCP漂流浮标站合作小组deactivation of a response plan一项反应计划的撤销dead lime熟石灰debt for environmental protection swap债务交换环境保护debt for nature债务交换自然decay （of a disturbance）扰动的逐渐减弱decay of air pollutants空气污染物的逐渐减少decay of organic matter有机物质的分解decay of waves波浪逐渐平息dechlorohydrogenation脱去氯化氢deciduous forest落叶林Declaration of the Hague海牙宣言Declaration of the World Climate Conference世界气候会议宣言Declaration on the Human Environment人类环境宣言Declaration on the Protection of the Atmosphere保护大气宣言decline in ozone臭氧逐渐减少decoupling退耦；解耦；去耦；脱离decreasing taxa衰落中的生物分类群de-duster除尘器deep injection （of wastes）废物的深灌注deeper ocean深海deep-sea circulation深海环流deep-sea disposal （of wastes）废物的深海倾置deep-well injection （of hazardous wastes）危险废物的深井灌注defoliation脱叶；去叶deforestation砍伐森林；清除森林degreaser脱脂剂；脱垢剂degreasing solvent脱脂溶剂；脱垢溶剂dehydrochloration脱去氯化氢dehydrogenation脱氢作用delayed effec延迟效应deleterious effect毒害身心的作用deleterious gas有害气体demersal fish底栖鱼Demonstration projects in the field of the environment环境领域的示范项目dendrochronology树木年代学dendroclimatology年轮气候学denitrfying agent脱硝剂；反硝化剂；脱氮剂denitrification脱硝作用；反硝化作用；脱氮作用denitrogenation脱氮作用denoxing消除氮的氧化物density密度density current密度流density of canopy树冠覆盖密度Department of the Environment环境部departure （from mean value）偏离平均值depletable resource可耗尽的资源；有限的资源depletion （of （the）ozone （layer））消耗臭氧层；破坏臭氧层depletion （of soil）土壤流失depletion in numbers数量减少deposit/refund system押金/退款制度deposition沈积作用；沈积物deposition velocity沈积速度depressed olfactory bulbar response被抑制的嗅球反应depthsonde深水探测器dermal toxicity皮肤毒性desertification control沙漠治理；治沙；沙漠化控制design temperature设计温度Designated Officials for Environmental Matters （DOEM）环境事务指定工作人员designation （of a drum）容器桶上的标记desirable range of quality （of the ambient air）适当环境空气的质量范围desludge疏浚；疏导desoxing消除二氧化硫destructive exploitation （of species）物种的破坏性开发desulphurisation脱硫作用detention time滞留时间detergency去垢性；去垢力determination （of a substance）一种物质的测定；鉴定devastation （of forests）森林破坏deviating force偏向力deviation偏差；偏离。
环境工程常用词
环境工程常用词：airair-borne contamination 气载污染物 air contamination 空气污染 air parameter 空气参数air pollution index 空气污染指数 air quality standard 空气质量标准环境工程常用词：waterwater-absorbing 吸水性 water pollution 水污染water pollution monitor水质污染监测仪water quality 水质water quality parameter 水质参数 water works 自来水厂pollution indication organism 环境污染指示生物 pollution survey 污染调查环境工程常用词：environmentenvironmental analysis 环境分析 environmental capacity环境容量 environmental degradation 环境退化 environmental management 环境管理 environmental parameter 环境参数aerobic bacteria 好氧细菌 aerobic denitrification 好氧反硝化环境工程常用词：activeactivated bio-filter 活性生物滤池 activated sludge treatment 活性污泥处理 activated sludge 活性污泥环境工程常用词：bacteriabacteria contamination 细菌污染常用词根：-sol-solute 溶质化工用词：absolute humidity 绝对湿度 cation exchange 阳离子交换 capillary 毛细管 合成词： workshop 车间air compressor 空气压缩机 air filter 空气过滤器 air pollutant 空气污染物air pollution monitoring 空气污染监测 air sampling 空气取样water discharge pipe 排水管water pollution control 水污染控制 water potential 水位water quality index （WPI ）水质指数 water supply 供水pollution control 污染控制 pollution monitoring 污染监测pollution prevention ordinance 污染防治条例environmental appraisal 环境评价 environmental contamination 环境污染 environmental impact statement 环境影响评价environmental program 环境监测计划aeration coefficient 曝气系数 aerobic biological oxidation 需氧生物反应 aerobic sludge digestion 需氧污泥消化activated sludge aeration 活性污泥曝气 activated sludge loading 活性污泥负载 activation energy 活化能bactericide 杀菌剂solvent 溶剂mobility 流动性absorbent 吸收剂quantitative analysis 定量分析chemical addition agent 化学添加剂byproduct 副产品air contaminant 空气污染物 air monitoring 大气监测air pollution control 空气污染防治 air quality 大气质量water hygiene control 水质卫生控制 water pollution index 水质污染指数 water purification 水净化 water quality monitoring 水质监测 water supply and sewerage works 供水排水工程pollution index 污染指数pollution of ground water 地下水污染 pollution source 污染源environmental assessment 环境评价 environmental criteria 环境标准 environmental index 环境指数environmental monitoring 环境监测aeration treatment 曝气处理aerobic biological reactor 好氧生物反应器aerosol 气溶胶activated sludge bulking 活性污泥膨胀 activated sludge oxidation 活性污泥氧化 activity coefficient 活度系数insolubility 不溶性absorption 吸收系数 boiler 锅炉mass-produce 大量生产常用化学元素名称：hydrogen 氢carbon碳nitrogen氮oxygen 氧fluorine氟sodium钠silicon硅phosphorus磷sulfur 硫chlorine氯chromium铬mercury汞lead 铅ammonia氨Unit 1 the population explosion关键词：exponential指数subsurface地下的desalination脱盐作用hydrologic cycle水文循环Unit2 environmental problems十大环境问题：1. Global Warming全球变暖 6. Marine Pollution海洋污染2. Ozone Layer Depletion臭氧层消耗7. Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste危险废物越境转移3. Acid Rain酸雨8. Desertification沙漠化4. Disappearance of T ropical Forests热带雨林消失9. Rapid Growth of Population人口快速增长5. Dwindling V ariety of Wildlife生物多样性减少10. Water Pollution水污染三大圈层：atmosphere大气圈hydrosphere水圈lithosphere岩石圈关键词：leachate 浸出液aquifer地下含水层surface water地表水ground water地下水groundwater table地下水水面Unit3 global warming关键词：greenhouse gases温室气体greenhouse effect温室效应surface temperature表面温度concentration 浓度troposphere 对流层chill 寒冷的biodiversity 生物多样性species diversity 物种多样性ecological diversity生态多样性Unit4 the role of the engineer in water pollution abatement近似：水污染控制工程相近词：abatement减轻、控制treatment处理disposal处理（固废）sewer排水管、下水道pipe管ditch沟渠pesticide杀虫剂/农药disinfectant消毒剂bactericide杀菌剂decomposed =degradable可降解的contamination =pollution污染/ contaminant =pollutant污染物相反词：integrate 成整体—segregate分离关键词：sewage 污水sewage plant 污水处理厂point source 点源nonpoint source 面源municipal 市政的sanitary 卫生的civil engineering 土木工程处理过程：primary treatment 一级处理secondary treatment 二级处理advanced treatment深度处理unit process 工艺单元unit operation 操作单元screen 格栅filter 过滤/滤池sedimentation 沉淀gravity sedimentation重力沉降centrifugation 离心分离vacuum filtration 真空过滤disinfection 消毒chlorination 加氯消毒discharge 排放Unit5 principles of biological reaction生物处理微生物：aerobic bacteria 好氧细菌anaerobic bacteria 厌氧细菌fungi 真菌methane bacteria 产甲烷细菌methane bacteria 产甲烷细菌flocculent microorganisms絮凝微生物好氧生物处理Aerobic treatment：respiration 呼吸作用（异化）synthesis 合成作用（同化）厌氧消化处理Anaerobic digestion：hydrolysis 水解fermentation 发酵acetogenesis 产乙酸methanogenesis 产甲烷关键词：odor气味reactor反应器Unit6 solid waste、Unit7 industrial solid waste problems、Unit8 hazardous waste management facilities固体废物、危险废物废物分类：garbage 生活垃圾construction waste建筑废物municipal waste市政废物industrial waste工业废物hazardous waste危险废物processing waste加工废物non process waste非加工废物= residential waste住宅垃圾+ commercial waste商业垃圾固废管理系统：storage贮存processing加工collection收集disposal处置3R原则：Reduce减量Recycle循环Reuse再利用处置方式：open dumping露天堆放sanitary land filling卫生填埋incineration焚烧composting堆肥金属：critical metal = toxic metal有毒金属nonferrous metal有色金属关键词：utilization利用nuisance-free无公害的internal 内部external外部impervious不透水的dilution稀释Unit9 characterization of noise、Unit10 effects of noise噪声污染关键词：background level背景水平noise frequency噪声频率sound power level声功率级decibel分贝threshold临界值、阈值pure tone 正弦波音detection threshold检测阈audibility threshold听阈energy dissipation能量损耗temporary threshold shift暂时阈移permanent threshold shift永久阈移thermal pollution热污染colour 色度turbidity 浊度denitrification 脱氮potable water 饮用水retention time 停留时间recovery rate 回收率kinetic 动力学optimum 最佳的initial concentration进气浓度/初始浓度range of concentration浓度范围significant显著的—insignificant不显著的。
[重点]PM2.5相关术语
![[重点]PM2.5相关术语](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4ff0910453d380eb6294dd88d0d233d4b14e3fe0.png)
技术名词解释如下：空气净化器air cleaner对室内空气中的固态污染物、气态污染物等具有一定去除能力的电器装置。
2洁净空气量clean air delivery rate表征空气净化器净化能力的参数，用单位时间提供洁净空气的量值表示（简称CADR），用字母Q表示，以立方米每小时（m3/h）为单位。
净化效能efficiency of clean空气净化器单位功耗所产生的洁净空气量，用字母η表示，以立方米每小时瓦（m3/h•W）为单位。
总净化效能total efficiency of clean多功能式空气净化器单位功耗所产生的去除各种空气污染物的洁净空气量的总和，用字母ηz表示，以立方米每小时瓦（m3/h•W）为单位。
自然衰减natural decay在实验室内，由于沉降、附聚和表面沉积等自然现象，导致空气中的污染物浓度的降低。
总衰减total decay在试验时，实验室内空气中的污染物的自然衰减和被运行中的空气净化器去除污染物总浓度的降低。
.净化寿命cleaning life span当空气净化器（或可更换式净化部件）运行到去除某一种空气污染物的洁净空气量降低至初始值的50 %时，累计所使用的时间即为空气净化器（或可更换式净化部件）去除该污染物的净化寿命，用天或月表示。
空气污染物：air pollutants空气污染物是指由于人类活动或自然过程排入空气的并对人类或环境产生有害影响的那些物质。
一般分固态污染物和气态污染物两大类，固态污染物常见的有粉尘、烟雾等（通常称为颗粒物）；气态污染物常见的有装修污染产生的甲醛、苯、氨、挥发性有机物等。
HEPA是High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter （高效率空气微粒滤芯）的缩写，HEPA过滤器由一叠连续前后折叠的亚玻璃纤维膜构成，形成波浪状垫片用来放置和支撑过滤界质。
HEPA它是一种国际公认最好的高效滤材，最初HEPA应用于核能研究防护，现在大量应用于精密实验室、医药生产、原子研究和外科手术等需要高洁净度的场所。
pm2.5英文介绍简短
pm2.5英文介绍简短1.pm2.5怎样用英语解释PM，英文全称为particulate matter（颗粒物）。
科学家用PM2.5表示每立方米空气中这种颗粒的含量，这个值越高，就代表空气污染越严峻。
PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物，也称为可入肺颗粒物。
它的直径还不到人的头发丝粗细的1/20。
虽然PM2.5只是地球大气成分中含量很少的组分，但它对空气质量和能见度等有重要的影响。
与较粗的大气颗粒物相比，PM2.5粒径小，富含大量的有毒、有害物质且在大气中的停留时间长、输送距离远，因而对人体健康和大气环境质量的影响更大。
2021年2月，国务院同意发布新修订的《环境空气质量标准》添加了PM2.5监测目标。
2.文章次要引见了pm2.5哪些方面的内容PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物，也称为可入肺颗粒物。
PM，英文全称为particulate matter（颗粒物）。
科学家用PM2.5表示每立方米空气中这种颗粒的含量，这个值越高，就代表空气污染越严峻。
在城市空气质量日报或周报中的可吸入颗粒物和总悬浮颗粒物是人们较为熟识的两种大气污染物。
可吸入颗粒物又称为PM10，指直径大于2.5微米、等于或小于10微米，可以进入人的呼吸系统的颗粒物；总悬浮颗粒物也称为PM100，即直径小于或等于100微米的颗粒物。
气溶胶，又称气胶、烟雾质，是指固体或和液体微粒稳定地悬浮于气体介质中构成的分散体系。
一般大小在0.01-10微米之间，可分为自然和人类产生两种。
所以有科学家把pm2.5认为是气溶胶。
（温馨提示：为了身体健康雾霾天出行可戴京东美国进口普卫欣）3.英语短篇演讲稿We Need A Blue SkyIn recent years heavy smog often appear in many cities of China, whichhas brought bad impact on our daily life. Since the value of PM2.5 inthe air is in the high level, many people wear masks to protect themselveswhen going out. Once in an area, due to the emissions of smoke from coalburning and car exhaust, the atmosphere was so heavily polluted thatpeople couldn't see their own fingers just in front of them and some schoolsand airports had to close down. When a strong sand storm isblowing, thewhole sky will turn darker and darker. It looked as if we had been spendingthe night when the sun is high up in the sky. It is high time we tackled withthe pollution problems. All factories in the cities that puff heavy smoke shouldbe closed down or moved into the remote areas. All cars that emit blacksmoke should be banned from running on the roads. If we don't takeresolute measures to protect our environment, our sky will never turn blueagain, the air we breathe in every day will never be clean and our healthwill be deteriorating day by day. Therefore we appeal to the entire fellowcountry men, let's take concerted action to safeguard our living environment.Premier Li Qiang, in his work report, had called on us to tackle with thepollution problems. Following the Premier's call, somelocal governments hadtaken some measures, such as reducing the use of coal and puttingrestrictions on the use of private cars to fight against the pollution. As long aswe take resolute measures to protect our environment, we can see a clearblue sky in the near future.4.跪求英语大神帮忙翻译一下这一段,急在线等在21世纪中，我国能源结构仍以矿物能源为主，煤炭作为我国次要消耗能源。
空气质量指数（AirQualit...
11．空⽓质量指数（Air Quality Index，简称AQI）是定量描述空⽓质量状况的指数，空⽓质量按照AQI⼤⼩分为六级，0～50为优；51～100为良；101～150为轻度污染；151～200为中度污染；201～300为重度污染；⼤于300为严重污染．⼀环保⼈⼠当地某年的AQI记录数据中，随机抽取10个，⽤茎叶图记录如图．根据该统计数据，估计此地该年AQI⼤于100的天数约为为146．（该年为365天）
分析根据该样本中AQI⼤于100的频数求出频率，由此估计该地全年AQI⼤于100的频率与频数．
解答解：该样本中AQI⼤于100的频数是4，频率为$\frac{2}{5}$，
由此估计该地全年AQI⼤于100的频率为$\frac{2}{5}$，
估计此地该年AQI⼤于100的天数约为365×$\frac{2}{5}$=146（天）．
故答案为：146．
点评本题主要考查了茎叶图以及频率、频数的计算问题，是基础题⽬．。
环境英语词汇大全
环境英语词汇大全环境问题是当今世界面临的重要挑战之一。
为了更好地理解和讨论环境问题，掌握一些环境英语词汇是必不可少的。
本文将介绍一些常用的环境英语词汇，帮助您更好地进行环境话题的交流和表达。
一、空气污染（Air Pollution）1. 燃煤（Coal burning）Coal burning is a major source of air pollution in many countries.2. 尾气排放（Vehicle emissions）Strict standards should be implemented to reduce vehicle emissions.3. 工业废气（Industrial emissions）Industrial emissions should be controlled to protect the air quality.4. 酸雨（Acid rain）Acid rain is harmful to the environment and can result in the destruction of forests and water bodies.5. 可吸入颗粒物（Particulate matter）Particulate matter in the air can cause respiratory problems and other health issues.二、水污染（Water Pollution）1. 水体污染（Water contamination）Water contamination is a serious problem that affects the health of humans and aquatic ecosystems.2. 水资源管理（Water resource management）Effective water resource management is crucial for sustainable development.3. 水生生物（Aquatic organisms）Water pollution can have detrimental effects on aquatic organisms, leading to a decline in biodiversity.4. 水处理（Water treatment）Proper water treatment is essential to remove pollutants and ensure clean and safe drinking water.5. 河流富营养化（River eutrophication）River eutrophication, caused by excessive nutrients in the water, can lead to the growth of harmful algae and fish kills.三、土壤污染（Soil Pollution）1. 化学污染物（Chemical pollutants）Chemical pollutants, such as pesticides and industrial waste, can contaminate soil and affect plant growth.2. 土壤侵蚀（Soil erosion）Soil erosion is a significant environmental issue that can lead to the loss of fertile soil for agriculture.3. 土壤酸化（Soil acidification）Soil acidification can reduce soil fertility and limit crop production.4. 土壤退化（Soil degradation）Soil degradation is the deterioration of soil quality, often caused by improper land use and overuse of agrochemicals.5. 土壤保护（Soil conservation）Soil conservation practices, such as terracing and crop rotation, are important for sustainable agriculture and preventing soil pollution.四、生物多样性（Biodiversity）1. 物种灭绝（Species extinction）The loss of biodiversity has led to an increased risk of species extinction.2. 自然保护区（Nature reserve）Nature reserves are established to protect and conserve endangered species and their habitats.3. 生态系统（Ecosystem）Ecosystems provide essential services, such as water purification and climate regulation.4. 物种多样性（Species diversity）Promoting species diversity is crucial for maintaining healthy ecosystems.5. 野生动植物保护（Wildlife conservation）Wildlife conservation efforts aim to protect endangered species and their habitats from human activities.五、可持续发展（Sustainable Development）1. 绿色能源（Green energy）Investing in green energy sources, such as wind and solar power, is essential for sustainable development.2. 环境教育（Environmental education）Environmental education plays a crucial role in raising awareness and promoting sustainable practices.3. 节约能源（Energy conservation）Energy conservation is an effective way to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate climate change.4. 循环经济（Circular economy）The concept of a circular economy promotes the reuse and recycling of resources, reducing waste and environmental impact.5. 生态足迹（Ecological footprint）Calculating ecological footprints helps individuals and organizations understand their impact on the environment and make sustainable choices.结语：以上是一些常用的环境英语词汇，希望本文能够帮助您更好地理解和表达环境话题。
天气专业术语英文
天气专业术语英文1. Atmosphere: The layer of gases surrounding the Earth.2. Weather: The state of the atmosphere, including temperature, moisture, wind, and other atmospheric conditions at a specific time and place.3. Climate: The long-term average of weather conditionsin a particular region.4. Temperature: The measure of how hot or cold the air is. It is usually measured using a thermometer in units such as Celsius or Fahrenheit.5. Humidity: The amount of water vapor present in the air. It is commonly expressed as a percentage.6. Dew point: The temperature at which the air becomes saturated with water vapor, causing condensation to occur.7. Wind: The movement of air from areas of high pressureto areas of low pressure. It is often measured in terms of speed and direction.8. Wind chill: The apparent temperature felt on exposed skin due to the combined effect of wind and cold temperatures.9. Heat index: The apparent temperature felt on the human body when relative humidity is combined with air temperature.10. Pressure: The force exerted by the weight of the atmosphere above a specific location. It is often measured using a barometer.11. High pressure: An area where the atmospheric pressure is greater than the surrounding air. It is generally associated with fair weather and clear skies.12. Low pressure: An area where the atmospheric pressureis lower than the surrounding air. It is typically associated with unsettled weather conditions.13. Front: The boundary or transition zone between twoair masses with different characteristics, such as temperature, moisture, or density.14. Cold front: The leading edge of a moving mass of cold air that displaces warmer air, often causing stormy weather.15. Warm front: The leading edge of a moving mass of warm air that overtakes cooler air, often causing precipitation.16. Stationary front: A boundary between air masses that is not moving, leading to prolonged periods of cloudy and rainy weather.17. Occluded front: A complex front formed when a cold front overtakes a warm front, leading to a mixture of weather conditions.18. Tornado: A rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbuscloud. It is often accompanied by severe thunderstorms and can cause significant damage.19. Hurricane: A large rotating storm system with low-pressure centers that forms over warm ocean waters. It is characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall.20. Thunderstorm: A localized storm that is often accompanied by thunder, lightning, heavy rain, and sometimes hail.21. Hail: Solid precipitation in the form of balls or irregular lumps of ice that are produced by severe thunderstorms.22. Blizzard: A severe snowstorm with strong winds, low visibility, and frigid temperatures.23. Fog: A dense layer of cloud that forms near the ground, reducing visibility to less than one kilometer.24. Sleet: Frozen raindrops or partially melted snowflakes that refreeze before reaching the ground. It often creates a thin, transparent ice covering on surfaces.25. Freezing rain: Rain that falls in liquid form but freezes upon contact with the ground, creating a coating of ice on surfaces.26. Evaporation: The process by which liquid water changes into water vapor and enters the atmosphere.27. Condensation: The process by which water vapor changes into liquid water, forming clouds, dew, or fog.28. Precipitation: Any form of water particles, whether liquid or solid, that falls from the atmosphere and reaches the Earth's surface, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.29. Drought: A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to water shortage and dry conditions.30. Flood: An overflow of water onto normally dry land due to heavy rainfall, melting snow, or dam failure.。
环境保护几个主要名词解释
空气污染指数空气污染指数（Air Pollution Index, 简称API）就是将常规监测的几种空气污染物浓度简化成为单一的概念性指数值形式，并分级表征空气污染程度和空气质量状况，适合于表示城市的短期空气质量状况和变化趋势。
空气污染指数是根据空气环境质量标准和各项污染物的生态环境效应及其对人体健康的影响来确定污染指数的分级数值及相应的污染物浓度限制值。
空气质量周报所用的空气污染指数的分级标准是：（1）空气质量指数（API）50点对应的污染物浓度为国家空气质量日均值一级标准；（2）API 100点对应的污染物浓度为国家空气质量日均值二级标准；（3）API更高值段的分级对应于各种污染物对人体健康产生不同影响时的浓度限制。
根据我国空气污染的特点和污染防治重点，目前计入空气污染指数的项目暂定为二氧化硫、氮氧化物和总悬浮颗粒物。
随着环境保护工作的深入和监测技术水平的提高，将调整增加其它污染项目，以便更为客观地反映污染状况。
二氧化硫（SQ）二氧化硫是无色气体，具有刺激性气味，是大气中几种主要的污染物质之一。
大气中的二氧化硫主要是人类活动产生的，大部分来自煤和石油的燃烧以及石油炼制等。
北京市的二氧化硫主要是燃煤排放的。
在采暖期，编布全市的采暖用小煤炉及锅炉等排放出大量的二氧化硫，使得市区大气环境中的二氧化硫浓度相当高。
在非采暖期，由于没有采暖用煤，而且市区居民炊事气化率高，因此二氧化硫浓度比较低。
1996年全市（含工业、农业、居民生活）煤炭消耗量为2763万吨, 二氧化硫排放量为35.31万吨。
大气中的二氧化硫会刺激人们的呼吸道，减弱呼吸功能，并导致呼吸道抵抗力下降，诱发呼吸道的各种炎症，危害人体健康。
二氧化硫还回对许多植物造成危害。
二氧化硫及其生成的硫酸雾会腐蚀金属表面，对纸制品、纺织品、皮革制品等造成损伤。
二氧化硫的污染还可能形成酸雨，从而给生态系统以及农业、森林、水产资源等带来严重危害。
为了有效防治二氧化硫等的污染，改善大气环境质量，一要改变燃料构成，推广使用天然气及优质煤；二要继续发展集中供热；三要大力推广节能、脱硫及高效除尘措施。
雾霾的定义英文名词解释
雾霾的定义英文名词解释雾霾，亦称为大气污染，是指空气中悬浮颗粒物与化学物质相结合形成的一种浑浊可见的气象现象。
雾霾主要由燃烧废气、工业排放、机动车尾气、蒸发挥发和空气中的尘土等因素引起。
这些污染物与气体一起，在特定天气条件下与水蒸气结合，形成包裹在空气中的颗粒物，从而导致雾霾的形成。
雾霾是近年来快速发展的现象，尤其是在高度城市化和工业化的地区更加普遍。
不仅是中国，全球范围内的许多大城市都面临着雾霾问题。
根据世界卫生组织的定义，雾霾主要分为两类：PM10和PM2.5。
PM10指的是直径小于或等于10微米的颗粒物，而PM2.5指的是直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物。
这些颗粒物在人体进入呼吸道后，会沉积在肺部，对健康造成潜在风险。
雾霾的严重程度可以通过空气质量指数（AQI）来衡量。
AQI是根据不同地区颗粒物和气体的浓度计算出来的，通常从0到500的范围内。
较低的AQI值表示空气质量良好，而较高的值则意味着空气质量恶劣。
当AQI超过200时，空气质量被认为是有害的，特别对敏感人群造成健康问题。
雾霾对人类健康的危害是显而易见的。
长时间暴露于高浓度的颗粒物和化学物质的环境中，可能导致呼吸系统疾病、心血管疾病以及恶化肺部已有疾病症状。
另外，雾霾也对植物生长和农作物产量造成负面影响，对生态系统稳定性和工农业发展产生巨大挑战。
为了应对雾霾问题，各国政府和国际组织采取了一系列的措施。
这些措施包括加强环境监测、提高排放标准、鼓励使用清洁能源、推动产业结构调整等。
此外，个人也可以采取行动减少对雾霾的贡献，例如减少汽车使用、节约能源、尽量避免户外活动等。
总之，雾霾作为一种大气污染现象，已经成为当今世界不容忽视的环境问题。
雾霾的定义是指空气中悬浮颗粒物与化学物质相结合形成的浑浊可见的气象现象。
正确认识雾霾的定义，了解其成因和影响，是我们采取有效措施应对雾霾问题的重要前提。
环境保护术语大全共同保护环境的专业术语
环境保护术语大全共同保护环境的专业术语环境保护术语大全：共同保护环境的专业术语环境保护是指为了保护和改善人类生存环境，预防和减少污染物对自然环境的破坏，维护生态平衡和生态系统的稳定性而采取的各种行动和措施。
在环境保护领域，有许多专业术语被广泛运用，下面将列举并解释一些常见的环境保护术语。
一、大气环境术语1. 温室效应（Greenhouse Effect）：指大气中的温室气体吸收并重新辐射热量，使得地球表面温度上升的现象。
2. 酸雨（Acid Rain）：由于大气中的硫氧化物和氮氧化物与水分反应而形成的酸性降水。
3. 颗粒物（Particulate Matter）：大气中的固态或液态微小颗粒，如灰尘、烟雾等。
4. 空气污染物（Air Pollutants）：大气中存在的有害物质，包括颗粒物、有机物和无机物等。
5. 激光雷达（LIDAR，Light Detection and Ranging）：利用激光技术测量大气中的颗粒物和气体浓度的仪器。
二、水环境术语1. 水体富营养化（Eutrophication）：指水体中的氮、磷等养分过量，导致水中藻类和其他水生生物过度生长的现象。
2. 水污染（Water Pollution）：指因为人类活动引入水体的有害物质，导致水质恶化和生态系统受损的现象。
3. 地下水（Groundwater）：地表下的水体，是供给地表水的重要水源之一。
4. 河流重金属污染（River Heavy Metal Pollution）：指河流中含有高浓度的重金属，对水生生物和人类健康造成威胁的现象。
5. 水资源管理（Water Resource Management）：通过科学合理地调配和利用水资源，实现水资源的可持续利用和保护。
三、土壤环境术语1. 土壤侵蚀（Soil Erosion）：土壤表层被风水侵蚀或水流冲刷的过程，是土壤退化的主要原因之一。
2. 土壤酸化（Soil Acidification）：土壤pH值降低，通常是由于过量使用化学肥料或酸性沉降物影响造成的。
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关于空气质量的英语专业术语
这两天大家一定都很关注空气质量情况的播报，也许你会好奇空气质量指数到底是根据哪些污染物算出来的？各种等级的污染对我们有哪些危害？下面就来为大家科普下这些基础知识吧：
【关于空气质量的术语】
环境空气ambient air
指人群、植物、动物和建筑物所暴露的室外空气
空气质量指数air quality index (AQI)
定量描述空气质量状况的无量纲指数。
空气质量分指数individual air quality index (IAQI)
单项污染物的空气质量指数。
首要污染物primary pollutant
AQI大于50时IAQI最大的空气污染物。
超标污染物non-attainment pollutant
浓度超过国家环境空气质量二级标准的污染物，即IAQI大于100的污染物。
总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particle (TSP)
指环境空气中空气动力学当量直径小于等于100μm的颗粒物。
颗粒物（粒径小于等于10μm）particulate matter (PM10)
指环境空气中空气动力学当量直径小于等于10μm的颗粒物，也称可吸入颗粒物。
颗粒物（粒径小于等于2.5μm）particulate matter (PM2.5)
指环境空气中空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5μm的颗粒物，也称细颗粒物。
* 此前我们国家采用的空气质量标准是API (Air Pollution Index)，也就是空气污染指数；但在2012年2月后进行了修订，改为AQI，最重要的一个变化就是加入了PM2.5的监测。
【AQI基于哪些空气污染物】
The AQI level is based on the level of 6 atmospheric pollutants:
①二氧化硫：sulfur dioxide (SO2)
②二氧化氮：nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
③ PM10：suspended particulates smaller than 10μm in aerodynamic diameter
④一氧化碳：carbon monoxide (CO)
⑤臭氧：ozone (O3)
⑥ PM2.5：suspended particulates smaller than 2.5μm in aerody namic diameter
【空气质量指数及对健康的危害】
空气质量指数(AQI) 空气质量指数类别(Air Pollution Level) 表示颜色(Colors) 对健康影响情况(Health Implications) 建议采取的措施(Health Messages) 英文综述
0-50 优(Good) 绿色(Green) 空气质量令人满意，基本无空气污染各类人群可正常活动No health implications. Enjoy your usual outdoor activities.
51-100 良(Moderate) 黄色(Y ellow) 空气质量可接受，但某些污染物可能对极少数异常敏感人群健康有较弱影响极少数异常敏感人群应减少户外活动Members of sensitive groups should reduce outdoor activities.
101-150 轻度污染(Lightly Polluted) 橙色(Orange) 易感人群症状有轻度加剧，健康人群出现刺激症状儿童、老年人及心脏病、呼吸系统疾病患者应减少长时间、高强度的户外锻炼Slight irritations may occur. Children, elders and people with heart or breathing problems should reduce strenuous outdoor activities.
151-200 中度污染(Moderately Polluted) 红色(Red) 进一步加剧易感人群症状，可能对健康人群心脏、呼吸系统有影响儿童、老年人及心脏病、呼吸系统疾病患者避免长时间、高强度的户外锻练，一般人群适量减少户外运动Slight irritations may occur. Children, elders and people with heart or breathing problems should restrict strenuous outdoor activities.
201-300 重度污染(Heavily Polluted) 紫色(Purple) 心脏病和肺病患者症状显著加剧，运动耐受力降低，健康人群普遍出现症状儿童、老年人和心脏病、肺病患者应停留在室内，停止户外运动，一般人群减少户外运动Healthy people will be noticeably affected. Children, elders and people with heart or breathing problems should remain indoors. Healthy individuals should reduce outdoor activities.
>300 严重污染(Severely Polluted) 褐红色(Maroon) 健康人群运动耐受力降低，有明显强烈症状，提前出现某些疾病儿童、老年人和病人应当留在室内，避免体力消耗，一般人群应避免户外活动Healthy people will experience reduced endurance in activities. There may be strong irritations and symptoms and may trigger other illnesses. Children, elders and the sick should remain indoors and avoid exercise. Healthy individuals should avoid outdoor activities.。