英语翻译练习上课讲义

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英语翻译课堂讲义

导学——课程要求
Requirements and Grading:
To pass this course, students must attain an average of 60% in the following categories: Participating: 10%
Participating is vital to the learning process and it includes attendances, being on times, coming to class prepared, interacting with other students, and participating in classroom discussions. Students who are frequently absent, tardy, or refuse to participate will receive a poor participation grade. Note: there are NO excused absences. Any absences or tardy will result in a lower participation grade.
3.《英汉翻译概要》，靳梅林编著，南开大学出版社，1998年。
4.《新编汉英翻译教程》，陈宏薇编著，上海外语教育出版社，2004年。
5.《英汉翻译教程》，连淑能编著，高等教育出版社， 2006年。
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导学——学习网站
1. 中国翻译协会 /tran/index.htm 2. 中国科技翻译
Thursday
Classroom
IA3
14:00—16:00 p.m.

翻译课讲义（8）

翻译课讲义（8）But life is not worth anything if he is not kept busy. From morning till night he toils and works on some scheme which will meet a social need or solve a social problem. He may talk to you as if he were a pessimist beyond redemption, but his own activities are always prompted by unblenching idealism. As a matter of fact, he is today a hard worker who does not get paid for it. In Peiping or in Shanghai he is the most effective public citizen wherever he is found. He cannot be said to be rich or even well-to-do, but he is most lavish in digging into his own pocket in order to induce a millionaire to make a contribution to a worthy cause.blench--flinch: to make a sudden flincining movement out of fear or pain (因害怕或痛苦) 突然退缩，畏缩；unblenching：⽆所畏惧的，⼀往⽆前的，毫不动摇的，坚定的参考译⽂：⽆所事事的⽣活对他来说毫⽆意义。

为了满⾜某社会需求或是解决某社会问题，他整天忙于订计划，做⽅案。

《汉英翻译讲义》课件

《汉英翻译讲义》PPT课件
欢迎来到《汉英翻译讲义》PPT课件，让我们一起探索翻译的技巧和难点，以及在不同领域的实战经验。
翻译原则
语言交流原则
将信息以准确、流畅的方式传达给目标受众。
信、达、雅、俗原则
在平衡忠实于原文、易于理解、符合礼仪和符合语言习惯之间做出取舍。
文化渊源原则
考虑源语和目标语所处的文化背景以确保准确的意义传递。
2 翻译学习的必要性
为了提高翻译能力和专业素养，学习翻译技巧是必要的。
3 翻译的的未来趋势
探讨翻译行业在数字化时代的发展和应对策略。
全译原则
尽可能将所有内容都翻译出来，不遗漏任何重要信息。
常用翻译技巧
1 转换语序
调整句子中单词的顺序以符合目标语言的语法规则。
2 转换词性
将源语言中的名词、动词等转换成目标语言中相应的词性。
3 表达省略
在目标语言中省略源语言中过于冗长或不必要的表达。
4 表达冗余
在目标语言中增添必要的信息以充实表达内容。
Hale Waihona Puke 5 摆脱中式英语避免使用中式英语，使用符合目标语言规范的表达方式。
6 合理使用专业词汇
根据目标受众和领域需求，使用准确的专业词汇。
翻译难点
1 词汇难度
处理复杂或文化相关的词汇时可能出现困难。
2 文化差异
文化差异可能导致翻译过程中的困惑或误解。
3 常见错误
容易犯的一些翻译错误和应对策略。
翻译实战
1
文化背景下的翻译
在涉及文化背景的文本中应用翻译技巧
媒体报道翻译
2
和文化敏感度。
准确翻译媒体报道的信息以便更好地传
播。

《英语翻译基础》讲义及《样题和答案》

英语翻译基础讲义第一章翻译的基本原则1.Nature of Translation(翻译的性质)Translation is a science.Translation is an art.Translation is a craft.Translation is a skill.Translation is an operation.Translation is a language activity.Translation is communication2.Principles of Translation(翻译的原则)Three characters “信，达，雅”（faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance）———严复《天演论》Three characters “信，达，切”(faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness) ———刘重德《翻译十讲》Summary:忠实与通顺(1) Faithfulness of Translation (翻译的忠实)Strictly speaking, faithfulness is the generalization of the principles of translation. That’s to say, true translation demands that the translator be faithful to the content, language and style of the original at the same time.Eg. 1.War, pestilence and famine consumed one million people.战争，瘟疫和饥馑毁掉了一百万人。

该句译文从三个方面与原文都是一致的。

内容上，措辞完全对应；形式上，中英文都是陈述句，且语序相同。

基础英语翻译课程讲义

文学翻译：描写的翻译人物描写1) … my colleague Malcolm standing by the photocopier, his hunched frame carrying a few too many layers of fat, his rapid dialogue muffled by the salivous interior of his cheeks, his breath smelling like an unaerated bathroom in autumn. And Derek with his brittle hands, unwieldy nose, giant pair of creaking shoes and remaining hairs grown to their tethers and combed back with maniacal care.2)（麻将桌上白天也开着强光灯，洗牌的时候一只只钻戒光芒四射。

白桌布四角缚在桌腿上，绷紧了越发一片雪白，白得耀眼。

）酷烈的光与影更托出她的胸前丘壑，一张脸也经得起无情的当头照射。

稍嫌尖窄的额，发脚也参差不齐，不知道怎么倒给那秀丽的六角脸更添了几分秀气。

脸上淡妆，只有两片精工雕琢的薄嘴唇涂得亮汪汪的，娇红欲滴，云鬓蓬松往上扫，后发齐肩，光着手臂，电蓝水渍纹缎齐膝旗袍，小圆角衣领只半寸高，像洋服一样。

领口一只别针，与碎钻镶蓝宝石的“纽扣”耳环成套。

3）时见满室鲜衣，芸独通体素淡，仅新其鞋而已。

见其绣制精巧，询为己作，始知其慧心不仅在笔墨也。

其形削肩长颈，瘦不露骨，眉弯目秀，顾盼神飞，唯两齿微露，似非佳相。

一种缠绵之态，令人之意也消。

景色描写：1) It was a hazy sunrise in August. The denser nocturnal vapours, attacked by the warm beams, were dividing and shrinking into isolated fleeces within hollows and coverts, where they waited till they should be dried away to nothing.The sun, on account of the mist, had a curious sentient, personal look, demanding the masculine pronoun for its adequate expression…His light, a little later, broke through chinks of cottage shutters, throwing stripes like red-hot pokers upon cupboards, chests of drawers, and other furniture within.2) Winston picked his way up the lane through dappled light and shade, stepping out into pools of gold wherever the boughs parted. Under the trees to the left of him the ground was misty with bluebells. The air seemed to kiss one’s skin. It was the second of May. From somewhere deeper in the heart of the wood came the droning of ring doves.景色+心理+动作+外貌1）米先生定一定神，把金边眼镜往上托一托，人身子也在衬衫里略略转侧一下，外面冷，更觉里面的温暖清洁。

英语翻译讲义课后习题答案 (2)

一、Studies serve for delight（高兴、欢喜）, for ornament 装饰and for ability.二、Histories make men wise; poets witty机智的; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave庄重; logic and rhetoric able to contend争辩，争辩.3、When my grandfather died, my 83-year-old grandmother, once full of life, slowly began to fade.4、All is well that ends well.五、Where there is a way for a car, there is a Toyota.六、Not all cars are created equal.7、Showing off your proficiency with an axe before LuBan–the master carpenter八、to draw a snake and add feet to it to paint the lily九、电影名翻译：Casablanca Shrek Titanic Waterloo BridgeThe Bridge of Madison Broke Back Mountain10、概念：Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.译文：1，念书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。

英语专业英语翻译课讲义ppt

1.2 汉语：意合语言汉语属于分析性语言，或称为意合语言，汉语注重意形契合而不注重形态或形式，不强调思维赋形与语言时必须恪守某种以动词形态为主轴的形式程式，句中的语法关系主要靠语序排列和虚词来实现，句子结构就像一根竹子，层次分明，严密紧凑。所以，翻译过程中必须注重意合和形合之间的转换。 6. 学习政治——政治学习 7. 我去上海——我去过上海 8. 天净沙· 秋思
5.
And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.

4. Brindley had begun on his own account, out of interest, to survey the waterways that he traveled as he went about his engineering projects for mills and mines. 5. His body was perfect, alive with easy suppleness and health and strength. 6. I was addicted to fitness, tennis, golf, curling, hunting and fishing. 7. It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.

翻译课讲义(2)

翻译课讲义（2）什么是好的翻译，即翻译的标准是什么？1. Or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and apprentices and eat your humble bread and cheese. （lesson 1, p3）也可与学徒、脚夫一道坐进小饭店去吃那些不能登大雅之堂的面包和奶酪。

（第一课，p3）2．The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had. （lesson 2, p12）这儿的日本人似乎没有我这样的看法。

（第二课，p21）3．“If you write about this city, do not forget to say that it is the gayest city in Japan.”（lesson 2, p16）“如果你要写这个城市，别忘了写这里是日本最快乐的城市。

”（第二课，p23）4．The prospects of a good catch looked bleak. （lesson 3, p27）满载而归的捕获却是痴心妄想。

（第三课，p41）5．… with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. （lesson 3, p28）使得更多的热量包裹在大气层中，进而导致地球变暖。

（第三课，p42）6．Which means we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard. （lesson 3, p31）这就意味着我们正把几千只我们从未听过的歌喉封杀掉。

（第三课，p43）7．Surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. （lesson 3, p36）我们必须承担一种新的责任，明智地使用那种权利，并加以克制。

《英译汉》讲义

英语辅修、双学位专业2009级《英译汉》课程讲义2009-7-6I. Translation and Translation StudiesII. Factors Involved in TranslationIII. Translation CriteriaIV. T ranslation ProcessV. Translation Practice5.1 Sentence Translation1. He wanted to run, but that would be the worst thing he could do.2. Linda is a good singer and a good dancer, a great actress and a great joker.3. The little chap’s good-natured honest face won his way for him.4. Somehow our path took us toward the park.5. How’s the world treating you?6. Great was the excitement as procession after procession poured its eager masses into the town.7. He was convinced on the basis of what had by then appeared that there would be a long and adifficult struggle.8. John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.5.2 Text TranslationYou might think that borrowing a match upon the street is a simple thing. But any man who has ever tired it will assure you that it is not, and will be prepared to swear on oath to the truth of my experience of the other evening.I was standing on the corner of the street with a cigar that I wanted to light. I had no match. I waited tilla decent, ordinary man came along. Then I said:“Excuse me, sir, but could you oblige me with the loan of a match?”“A match?” he said, “Why, certainly.” Then he unbuttoned his overcoat and put his hand in the pocket of his waistcoat. “I know I have one,” he went on, “and, I’d almost swear it’s in the bottom pocket—or, hold on, though, I guess it may be in the top—just wait till I put these parc els down on the sidewalk.”“Oh, don’t trouble,” I said, “its really of no consequence.”“Oh, it’s no trouble. I’ll have it in a minute: I know there must be one in here somewhere,”—he was digging his fingers into his pockets as he spoke—“but you see this isn’t the waistcoat I generally…”I saw that the man was getting excited about it.” Well, never mind,” I protested. “I f that isn’t the waistcoat that you generally—why, it doesn’t matter.”(to be continued)2009-7-6参考译文句子翻译：1. 他真想拔腿就跑，但对他来说，最糟糕的事莫过于此。

《英汉互译》教案与讲义

《英汉互译》教案与讲义一、教学目标1. 让学生掌握英汉互译的基本原则和技巧。

2. 提高学生对英汉两种语言的对比分析能力。

3. 培养学生的跨文化交际意识，增强英汉互译的实际应用能力。

二、教学内容1. 英汉互译的基本原则1.1 忠实于原文1.2 保持原文的风格和语气1.3 符合目标语言的表达习惯2. 英汉互译的技巧2.1 词汇翻译2.2 语法翻译2.3 结构翻译2.4 文化背景翻译3. 英汉两种语言的对比分析3.1 词汇差异3.2 语法差异3.3 表达习惯差异三、教学过程1. 导入：通过一个简单的英汉互译实例，引发学生对英汉互译的兴趣。

2. 讲解：讲解英汉互译的基本原则和技巧，并通过实例进行分析。

3. 对比分析：分析英汉两种语言的差异，并讲解如何在翻译过程中进行调整。

4. 练习：布置适量的英汉互译练习题，让学生进行实践操作。

四、教学方法1. 讲授法：讲解英汉互译的基本原则、技巧和语言差异。

2. 案例分析法：通过实例分析，让学生理解和掌握英汉互译的方法。

3. 练习法：让学生通过实际操作，提高英汉互译的能力。

五、教学评价1. 课堂参与度：观察学生在课堂上的积极参与情况和提问回答。

2. 练习完成情况：检查学生完成的英汉互译练习质量和数量。

3. 课后反馈：收集学生的课后反馈，了解他们对英汉互译的认识和困惑。

六、教学资源1. 教材：《英汉互译教程》2. 辅助材料：英汉互译案例集、多媒体课件3. 网络资源：相关英汉互译的在线资料和论坛七、教学环境1. 教室：宽敞、安静，有利于学生集中注意力2. 设备：投影仪、计算机、音响等教学设备八、教学进度安排1. 第一课时：介绍英汉互译的基本原则和技巧2. 第二课时：分析英汉两种语言的差异3. 第三课时：讲解英汉互译的实践操作4. 第四课时：布置练习题，进行课堂练习九、课后作业1. 复习本节课的内容，整理笔记2. 完成布置的英汉互译练习题3. 收集英汉互译相关的资料，进行自主学习十、教学反思2. 对学生的反馈进行整理，针对存在的问题进行调整教学策略3. 不断更新教学资源，提高自身教学水平，以更好地为学生服务重点和难点解析一、教学目标难点解析：跨文化交际意识的培养和实际应用能力的提升。

《英语翻译教案》课件

《英语翻译教案》PPT课件第一章：翻译的基本概念1.1 翻译的定义解释翻译的概念强调翻译的目的是传递信息和文化1.2 翻译的类型介绍不同类型的翻译，如直译、意译、同声传译等解释每种翻译类型的特点和应用场景1.3 翻译的标准和原则介绍翻译的标准，如准确性、可读性、忠实原文等强调翻译时应遵循的原则，如保持原文的意义和风格第二章：翻译的基本技巧2.1 词汇翻译技巧解释词汇翻译的基本原则，如词义选择、词性转换等举例说明常用翻译技巧，如直译、意译、借译等2.2 句子翻译技巧介绍句子翻译的基本原则，如句子结构对等、语序调整等举例说明常用翻译技巧，如被动语态的转换、从句的翻译等2.3 段落和文章翻译技巧解释段落和文章翻译的基本原则，如连贯性、一致性等举例说明常用翻译技巧，如段落结构的调整、文章风格的保持等第三章：英语语法和句型3.1 英语语法基本概念介绍英语语法的基本概念，如时态、语态、语气等强调语法在翻译中的重要性3.2 英语句型结构解释英语句型的基本结构，如主谓宾结构、主谓表结构等举例说明不同句型的翻译方法3.3 英语特殊句型和短语介绍英语特殊句型和短语的翻译方法，如倒装句、省略句等举例说明常用特殊句型和短语的翻译技巧第四章：文化差异与翻译4.1 文化差异对翻译的影响解释文化差异对翻译的影响，如语言表达习惯、文化背景知识等强调翻译时应注意文化差异的重要性4.2 英语和汉语的文化差异举例说明英语和汉语在词汇、表达方式、语法等方面的文化差异强调翻译时应考虑目标语言的文化背景4.3 翻译中的文化适应和调整介绍翻译中如何进行文化适应和调整，如词义选择、增减内容等举例说明文化适应和调整的翻译技巧第五章：翻译实践与评价5.1 翻译实践的重要性强调翻译实践在学习和提高翻译能力中的重要性鼓励学生积极参与翻译实践，提高翻译技能5.2 翻译评价的标准和方法介绍翻译评价的标准，如准确性、流畅性、忠实原文等解释翻译评价的方法，如同行评审、自我评价等5.3 翻译实践案例分析提供翻译实践案例，让学生进行翻译和评价分析案例中的翻译优点和不足，提供改进建议第六章：翻译软件与工具6.1 翻译软件的概述介绍目前市面上常见的翻译软件和工具，如谷歌翻译、DeepL等强调翻译软件在辅助翻译工作中的作用6.2 翻译软件的使用方法详细讲解如何使用翻译软件进行翻译强调翻译软件的局限性，如准确性、语境理解等6.3 翻译软件与人工翻译的结合介绍如何将翻译软件与人工翻译相结合，以提高翻译效率强调翻译软件只能作为辅助工具，不能完全替代人工翻译第七章：口译技巧与实践7.1 口译的基本概念解释口译的概念和类型，如同声传译、交替传译等强调口译的特点，如即时性、准确性等7.2 口译技巧介绍口译技巧，如听力训练、短期记忆训练、语言表达训练等强调口译技巧在实际口译工作中的重要性7.3 口译实践与评价提供一个口译实践案例，让学生进行口译练习分析案例中的口译优点和不足，提供改进建议第八章：商务翻译技巧8.1 商务翻译的特点解释商务翻译的特点，如专业性、实用性、准确性等强调商务翻译在实际工作中的重要性8.2 商务翻译技巧介绍商务翻译技巧，如术语准确运用、句子结构优化等举例说明商务翻译中常用的翻译技巧8.3 商务翻译实践与评价提供一份商务翻译案例，让学生进行翻译练习分析案例中的翻译优点和不足，提供改进建议第九章：文学作品翻译技巧9.1 文学作品翻译的特点解释文学作品翻译的特点，如艺术性、想象力、文化适应等强调文学作品翻译在文化传承中的重要性9.2 文学作品翻译技巧介绍文学作品翻译技巧，如词义选择、形象表达等举例说明文学作品翻译中常用的翻译技巧9.3 文学作品翻译实践与评价提供一篇文学作品翻译案例，让学生进行翻译练习分析案例中的翻译优点和不足，提供改进建议第十章：翻译职业规划与发展10.1 翻译职业概述介绍翻译职业的现状和发展趋势强调翻译职业的重要性和前景10.2 翻译职业技能要求解释翻译职业技能的要求，如语言能力、翻译技巧、跨文化交际能力等强调翻译职业技能在实际工作中的重要性10.3 翻译职业规划与发展介绍翻译职业规划的方法和建议，如持续学习、拓展业务领域等强调翻译职业发展的关键因素，如个人能力、市场需求等重点和难点解析重点环节一：翻译的类型和标准翻译类型：直译、意译、同声传译等，以及它们的定义和应用场景。

英汉翻译讲义-第五章PPT课件

03
翻译技巧
选词技巧
确定词义
在翻译过程中，需要确定每个英文单词的准确含义，特别是
那些具有多重含义的单词。
选择合适的词汇
根据上下文和语境选择最合适的词汇进行翻译，确保译文准确传达原文的意思。
注意词义的褒贬色彩
在翻译时需要注意英文单词的褒贬色彩，确保译文的情感色彩与原文一致。
考虑文化因素
在选词时需要考虑文化因素，选择符合目标语言文化的词汇，避免产生文化冲突或误解。
翻译的过程
理解阶段
在翻译过程中，首先需要对原文进行深入理解，包括语义、语境、
文化背景等方面的理解。
表达阶段
在理解原文的基础上，译者需要运用目标语言的表达方式将原文的意义、情感和风格传达出来。
校对阶段
完成初步翻译后，译者需要进行校对工作，检查译文中的错别字、语法错误、表达不流畅等问题，并进行修正。
英汉翻译讲义-第五章
目录
• 第五章导言 • 翻译理论 • 翻译技巧 • 实践与案例分析 • 总结与思考
01
第五章导言
章节概述
01
介绍英汉翻译的基本原则和技巧，包括直译、意译、音译等。
02
探讨英汉两种语言在词汇、语法、句法等方面的差异。
03
分析英汉翻译中的常见问题，如词义选择、句子结构调整等。
下章预告
• 第六章：翻译中的修辞手法与风格处理
感谢您的观看
THANKS
根据不同的分类标准，翻译可以分为多种类型，如文学翻译、科技翻译、商务翻译等。
翻译的标准
01
02
03
忠实于原文
译文应忠实于原文，准确传达原文的意义、情感和风格，不得随意改动或曲解。

高级英语第二册课文翻译上课讲义

高级英语第二册课文翻译Unit1 Pub Talk and the King's English酒吧闲聊与标准英语亨利?费尔利人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。

动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。

闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。

它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。

要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。

闲聊不是为了进行争论。

闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。

闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。

事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。

也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。

或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。

酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。

他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。

他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。

有一天晚上的情形正是这样。

人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。

谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。

可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。

我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。

“几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。

”此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。

有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。

WeLearn.四级翻译lesson4讲义

四级翻译lesson4练习：珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。

珠江三角洲是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11，000 平方公里。

它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。

珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700 多万人口。

上世纪70 年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。

1. 珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。

The Pearl River, China’s third longest river, is a major river system in Southern China and flows through the city of Guangzhou second only to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.2. 珠江三角洲是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11，000 平方公里。

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most developed regions in China with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers3. 它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。

It is the largest urban area in the world in both size and population.4. 珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700 多万人口。

The nine largest cities of PRD have a population of over 57 million in total.5. 上世纪70 年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。

Since China‘s reform and open in the late 1970s, the Delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center of China and the world.译文：The Pearl River, China’s third longest river, is a major river system in Southern China and flows through the city of Guangzhou second only to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most developed regions in China with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers. It is the largest urban area in the world in both sizeand population. The nine largest cities of PRD have a population of over 57 million in total. Since China‘s reform and open in the late 1970s, the Delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center of China and the world.5. 状语的翻译：1). 时间地点状语的翻译：句首或句末例子1：在春节和婚庆期间During the Spring Festival and wedding ceremonies/ celebrations例子2：在封建社会中in feudal society2). 目的，比较，原因专业的翻译：尽量往前例子1：以增加喜庆的气氛增加：enhance喜庆的：joyous；happy气氛：atmospherein order to enhance the happy atmosphere例子2：为了促进教育公平促进：promote；boost公平：educational fairness/equality; the fairness of educationin order to promote educational fairensss3). 伴随状语的翻译一个完整的句子+实意动词，将第二个动词改成v-ing/v-ed 形式。

翻译讲义4

翻译讲义4Part I. HomeworkPart II. Methods of Discriminating (辨别) the Original Meaning of an English Word1. Judging from the Word Formation 根据构词法2. Judging from the References 根据指代关系3. Judging from the Context and Collocation根据上下文或词语搭配4.Judging from Different Branched of Learning andSpecialties 根据不同学科或专业类型III. Techniques of Translating a Given English Word1.Deduction 推演法2.Transplant 移植法3.Extension 引申法4.Substitution 替代法5.Explanation 释意法bination 合并法7.Transliteration 音译法8.Pictographic Translation 图形法Part I. HomeworkPlease translate the following terms, especially focus on the word “touch”:1.to touch sb. On the shoulder译文:轻轻按某人的肩膀拍某人的肩膀Re: with fingers or handsto put your hands or fingers onto sb. /sth.2.to touch one’s lips to the children’s forehead译文:轻吻小孩的前额Re: to move sth. 移动东西;to hit sb. 打某人(often in negative sentence) to move sth.; to hit or hurt sb.(常用于否定句) 移动,碰到; (打)人;使受伤害3.to touch glasses译文:碰杯Re: no space between(of two or more things, surface, etc.) to be or become so close together than that there is no space between(两个或以上的东西,表面等) 接触,触及4.to touch the high point in one’s career译文:达到某人的事业顶峰Re: reach level 达到水平to reach a particular level, etc.达到某一水平等5.to be touched to the quick译文:触及痛楚/痛处Re: affect sb./sth. 影响某人/某事to make sb. Feel upset or sympathetic 感动; 触动; 使同情quick n. often, the quick: the soft, sensitive flesh that is under the fingernails(指甲下的)活肉Idiom: cut sb. to the quick: to upset sb. very much by doing so saying sth. unkind.(恶意的言行) 深深伤害,把……伤到家6.hair touched with grey译文: 有点花白的头发Re: to affect or concern sb./sth. 影响, 与……有关7.to touch sb. to the heart译文: 触动某人的心弦8.Give your hair a touch of spring.译文: 给你的秀发(增)添一丝活力.给你的秀发(增)添一缕春色.给你的秀发春天的格调.给你的头发增添弹性.Re: touch of sth.(cn. often, sing.) a very small amount. 一点儿,少许spring: 1.春天, 春季;2.弹簧,弹力,弹性;3.泉水;4.活力,朝气;5.跳,跃;本句用的是引申意Part II. Methods of Discriminating (辨别) the Original Meaning of an English Word1.Judging from the Word Formation 根据构词法Since English words are prone (易于发生的) to various meanings, it is of vital importance for a given word. In order to discriminate the original meaning of an word ,it is necessary for us to have a knowledge of English lexicology and specially, a knowledge of word formation, such as compounding(复合词),derivation(派生词),affixation(缀合法), blending(拼缀词), acronym(首字母缩略词), clipping(缩略词), etc..中国的汉字,传说是仓颉造出来的,英语中没有类似的说法.但是,英语研究者也像中国学者把汉字分成象形\指事\会意\形声\专注\假借等六书一样,把英语单词的来源大致上分为五种:1). 基本词(base);2). 合成词(combining words);3). 缩略词(shortening words);4). 拼缀词(blending words);5). 转类词(shifting words).其中的基本词是那些在今天看来已经不可再分的词.这些词虽然在英语词汇中占少数,但是出现频率较高,是非专门记忆不可的.但是对于另外四类词来说,我们则可以借助构词法的一般知识,在阅读中撇掉字典,猜测它们的含义.首先我们来说一下缩略词.缩略词可分为两种:一种是对原来完整的词进行加工,缩略其中一部分字母,构成新词.如:phone=telephonecopter=helicopterauto=automobilead=advertisementflu=influenzafridge=refrigerator另外一种缩略词是首字母缩略词(acronyms),如：CIA=Central Intelligence AgencyCID=Criminal Investigate DepartmentICAC=Independent Commission Against CorruptionFBI=Federal Bureau of InvestigationFDI=Foreign Direct InvestmentNPC=National People’s CongressThe Standing Committee of National P eople’s CongressCCPCC=Chinese Communist Party’s Central CommitteeGDP=Gross Domestic ProductTOEFL=Test of English as a Foreign Language还有很多常见的:HSK,FIFA,UN,EU,NATO……拼缀词:就是对原来的两个词进行剪裁,取其中的一部分,连成一个新词如: Smog=smoke +fogMedicare =medical +care转类词:就是词汇不改变词形而转换了词类所构成的新词,如: 名词转动词: hand in one’s paper动词转名词: take a look以上的构词法在英语的构词中或者所占比例不大,或者需要有关的背景知识,所以在阅读中或者不足以引起障碍,或者就是产生非借助字典等客观手段不能解决的问题,主观的能动余地不大.在这几种构词法中最活跃也是最能引发人的主动性的要数合成词了.合成词包括派生词(derivation)和复合词(compounding word).所谓复合词是将两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列构成的新词.如:合成名词: notebook, classroom合成形容词: life-long(终生的); wide-open(张大的,展开的)合成动词: underline(在下面划线) whitewash(粉刷)2.Judging from the References 根据指代关系In many cases the meaning of a word may be judged from the references. This is frequently shown in pronominal words(代词):1)third person pronouns; indefinite pronouns such as some, any,each, both; and definite pronouns such as much, many, few, little, etc. For example:He (father) sent John to the university and was eager to have him distinguish himself.他送约翰上大学, 巴望着能让儿子出类拔萃.2)demonstrative pronouns, such as this, that, these, anddemonstrative adverbs such as here, there, now, then, etc. For example:Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that.健康比财富更重要,因为财富不能像健康那样给人们那么多幸福.健康比财富更重要,因为后者不能像前者那样给人们那么多幸福.3)reference of comparison. For example:I hate blue shirt; white shirt suits me but gray is the mostpreferable.我讨厌穿蓝衬衫,喜欢穿白的,最喜欢穿灰的.3.Judging from the Context and Collocation 根据上下文或词语搭配4.Judging from Different Branched of Learning and Specialties根据不同学科或专业类型For example, the word “base”means “词根” in lexicology; “本金” in business; “底涂” in painting; “基线” in survey; “根据地”in military, and here are some more:The lathe(车床) should be set on a firm base.车床应安装在坚实的底座上.(机械)As we all know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt.众所周知,碱与酸反应生成盐.(化学)A transistor has three electrodes, i.e., the base and the collector.晶体管有三个电极, 即发射极, 基极和集电极.(电子)Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC.AB是三角形ABC的底边.(数学)He is on the second base.他在二垒.(体育)The weary troops marched back to the base.疲惫不堪的士兵列队返回基地.III. Techniques of Translating a Given English Word1.Deduction 推演法Deduction is to deduce the original meaning in the light ofthe explanation of an English dictionary. This is a majormeans in E-C translation. For example:Challenge—to question the lawfulness or rightness of(something or somebody)对……表示怀疑,质疑; 对……提出异议2.Transplant 移植法That is to say a literal translation of the ingredients of a givenEnglish word.Microwave 微波Supermarket 超级市场Splashdown 溅落Data phone 数据送话机3.Extension 引申法This may be either from the specific to the general or fromthe concrete to the abstract, and vice versa.Bottleneck: 瓶颈—交通狭口—阻塞Brain trust: 脑托拉斯—智囊团Brain drain: 脑排干—人才外流—人才流失4.Substitution 替代法This technique is used to replace the word of the original expression with Chinese synonyms or idioms according to different situations.To kill sb. as an example 杀一儆百/杀鸡给猴看5.Explanation 释意法This technique is commonly used when there is no corresponding Chinese expression and all the above-mentioned techniques fail to make use. Mindlessness 思想上的混沌状态Togetherness 不分彼此的集体感Redshirt 美国大学中在体育方面有发展前途的学生A throwaway society 一个大手大脚,浪费成风的社会bination 合并法This technique is used to integrate two words of close meaning into one expression.So subtle and careful an observer 一个如此精细的观察者His mendacity and dishonesty他的狡诈A grim and tragic Christmas 一个惨淡的圣诞节The body and mind cramped by noxious work 有害工作造成的身心困顿7.Transliteration 音译法This technique is most frequently used in dealing with proper nouns (especially the names of people and places, trademarks, etc.). Besides, it is used in coinage when no existing Chinese expression is available.Wall Street 华尔街The Times 泰晤士报Pentium IV 奔腾Citroen 雪铁龙Hacker 黑客8.Pictographic Translation 图形法By this technique English words are translated according to their actual shapes.H-beam 工字梁U-steel槽钢X-brace 交叉支架O-ring 环形圈V-belt 三角皮带Y-curve 叉形曲线HomeworkPlease, translate the following sentences and pay much attention to your version of the word “develop”.1.His plane developed engine trouble only seven miles after takeoff.2.Modern aircraft are so heavy that the wings must develop a very largelift force in order to sustain the aircraft.3.Inspired by these ideas, in 1752 Franklin developed a particularlightning rod.4.A hypothesis is a specific statement developed by a scientist fromobservations.5.Until the domain theory of magnetism was developed,they did nothave much success.6.To develop the capabilities of the geophysical prospecting, the renewalof the techniques and equipment is the first thing to be considered. 7.Most of the money came from selling the secret of a new type ofpotato he had developed.8.As young John grew into manhood, he developed tuberculosis.9.We must develop all the natural substances in our country which canmake us rich.10.S everal attempts have been made through the years to develop thedeposit.11.I n developing a design, the engineer must apply his knowledge ofengineering and material science.Explanation of the Homework:Please, translate the following sentences and pay much attention to your version of the word “develop”.1.His plane developed engine trouble only seven miles after takeoff.译文:他的飞机刚飞了七英里,就发生了引擎故障.他的飞机刚飞了七英里,引擎就发生故障了.Re: developed v. Disease疾病/Problem问题to begin to have sth. such as a disease or a problem;患(病);出现(问题)to start to affect sb./sth.(疾病)开始侵袭;(问题)开始影响2.Modern aircraft are so heavy that the wings must develop a very largelift force in order to sustain the aircraft.译文:现在的飞机很重,机翼必须能够产生巨大的升力,才能保证飞行.现代飞机很重,所以机翼必须能够产生巨大的升力,才能保持/维持飞行.此句直译则译为:现在的飞机很重,机翼必须能够产生巨大的升力,以抵消飞机自身的重量.Re: aircraft n. (pl. aircraft) any vehicle that can fly and carry food, goods or passengers 飞机, 航空器develop n.to come to have gradually; acquire逐渐产生,培养出来;获得sustain v.(formal) to support a weight without breaking or falling支撑;承受住to provide enough of what sb./sth. needs in order to live or exist维持(生命,生存)to make continue for some time without becoming less使保持;使稳定;使持续3.Inspired by these ideas, in 1752 Franklin developed a practicallightning rod.译文:受这些想法的启发,1752年富兰克林研制出(一种)实用性避雷针. Re:inspire v. (usual, passive)to give sb. the idea for sth., especially sth. artistic or imaginative赋予灵感,激发想法(尤指艺术的或虚构的);启发;启示idea n. a plan, thought, or suggestion for a possible course of action计划;主意;念头;想法a picture in the mind; conception 思想; 概念developed v. New Idea新思想/Product新产品to think of or produce a new idea, product ect. and make it successful开发;研制practical adj. [褒]affective or convenient in actual use; suited to actual condition 实用的lightning n. 闪电rod n. 竿, 杆, 棒;(旧时打人用的)藤条,棍棒lightning rod 避雷针4.A hypothesis is a specific statement developed by a scientist fromobservations.译文:假设是科学家根据观察(所)得出的具体论断.Re: hypothesis n.假说,假设(有少量事实根据,但尚未被证实的)specific adj. particular; fixed, determined, or named具体的;特有的;突出的detailed and exact; clear in meaning or explanation明确的;确切的;精确的;详尽的developed v. New Idea新思想/Product新产品to think of or produce a new idea, product ect. And make itsuccessful 开发;研制5.Until the domain theory of magnetism was developed,they did nothave much success.译文:在磁的范畴这一理论提出之前,他们没有什么建树.Re: domain n. an area of activity, interest, or knowledge;(活动,兴趣,知识的)领域, 范围,……界magnetism n.磁力, 磁性developed v. New Idea新思想/Product新产品to think of or produce a new idea, product ect. and make itsuccessful 开发;研制6.To develop the capabilities of the geophysical prospecting, the renewalof the techniques and equipment is the first thing to be considered.译文:为了提高地球物理学方面的勘探能力,首先要考虑的是改进技术和更新设备.Re: developed v. Become Better变得更好to start to have a skill, ability, quality, etc. that becomes better andstronger;to become better and stronger加强;增强;发挥geophysical n. 地球物理学prospecting v.勘探,勘察(以寻找金,银,石油等矿藏)renewal---renew v. to replace (something old) with something new of the samekind更换;更新7.Most of the money came from selling the secret of a new type ofpotato he had developed.译文:他大部分的钱(收入)是出售自己培育的土豆新品种的秘方挣来的.Re: secret n. 秘诀,诀窍;秘密;神秘的事;奥秘;谜developed v. New Idea新思想/Product新产品to think of or produce a new idea, product ect. and make itsuccessful 开发;研制8.As young John grew into manhood, he developed tuberculosis.译文:约翰成年后患上了结核病.Re: manhood n. (男子的)成年期;成人;成年男子developed v. Disease疾病/Problem问题to begin to have sth. such as a disease or a problem;患(病);出现(问题)to start to affect sb./sth.(疾病)开始侵袭;(问题)开始影响tuberculosis n. 结核病9.We must develop all the natural substances in our country which canmake us rich.译文:我们必须开发能致富的各种国内自然资源.Re: substance n.a material; type of matter 物质natural substances:自然资源developed v. to bring out the full possibilities of (esp. land and natural substances.)开发(尤指土地,资源等)10.S everal attempts have been made through the years to develop thedeposit.译文:近几年,有过几次开采矿藏的尝试..Re: attempt n. an effort made to do something努力; 尝试; 企图developed v. to bring out the full possibilities of (esp. land and naturalsubstances.)开发(尤指土地,资源等)deposit n. 矿床;矿藏11.I n developing a design, the engineer must apply his knowledge ofengineering and material science.译文:进行设计时,这位工程师必须运用工程学和材料学方面的知识.. Re: developed v. New Idea新思想/Product新产品to think of or produce a new idea, product ect. and make it successful开发;研制apply v.运用engineering n. 工程学;工程师行业。

WeLearn.四级翻译lesson6讲义

四级翻译lesson6练习：中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。

他们对孩子的首要要求就是努力学习。

考得好，能上名牌大学。

他们相信这是为孩子好。

因为在中国这样竞争激烈的社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明。

中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊重。

因此，他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣，为孩子提供更好的条件。

1. 中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。

Chinese parents tend to pay so much attention to the academic performance of their children that they stop their kids from helping with the housework.2. 他们对孩子的首要要求就是努力学习。

3. 考得好，能上名牌大学。

Their primary requirement for children is to study hard, to get good marks and then they can go to elite/prestigious/key/top-tier universities.The primary requirement they have on children is to study hard, to get good marks, so they can go to elite/prestigious/key/top-tier universities.4. 他们相信这是为孩子好。

5. 因为在中国这样竞争激烈的社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明。

They believe this is good for their children, because in such a highly competitive society like China, only good grades can ensure a promising future.6. 中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊重。

《英汉互译》教案与讲义

《英汉互译》教案与讲义教案章节一：英汉互译概述教学目标：1. 了解英汉互译的基本概念和原则。

2. 掌握英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。

3. 能够进行简单的英汉互译实践。

教学内容：1. 英汉互译的概念和定义。

2. 英汉互译的原则和标准。

3. 英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。

4. 英汉互译的实践案例分析。

教学活动：1. 引入英汉互译的概念和定义。

2. 讲解英汉互译的原则和标准。

3. 介绍英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。

4. 提供实践案例，让学生进行翻译练习。

教学评价：1. 学生能够回答英汉互译的概念和定义。

2. 学生能够理解英汉互译的原则和标准。

3. 学生能够掌握英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。

4. 学生能够进行简单的英汉互译实践。

教案章节二：词汇与翻译1. 了解词汇在英汉互译中的重要性。

2. 掌握英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。

3. 能够准确翻译词汇和短语。

教学内容：1. 词汇在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。

2. 英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。

3. 常见词汇和短语的翻译实例。

教学活动：1. 引入词汇在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。

2. 讲解英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。

3. 提供常见词汇和短语的翻译实例。

4. 让学生进行词汇翻译练习。

教学评价：1. 学生能够理解词汇在英汉互译中的重要性。

2. 学生能够掌握英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。

3. 学生能够准确翻译常见词汇和短语。

教案章节三：语法与翻译教学目标：1. 了解语法在英汉互译中的重要性。

2. 掌握英汉语法的差异和转换方法。

3. 能够正确翻译句子和段落。

1. 语法在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。

2. 英汉语法的差异和转换方法。

3. 常见语法错误的分析和纠正。

教学活动：1. 引入语法在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。

2. 讲解英汉语法的差异和转换方法。

3. 提供常见语法错误的分析和纠正。

4. 让学生进行句子和段落的翻译练习。

教学评价：1. 学生能够理解语法在英汉互译中的重要性。

2. 学生能够掌握英汉语法的差异和转换方法。