虚拟语气语法总结

虚拟语气语法总结

在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气 (Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，如：How beautiful she is! 则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Dont hurry up 则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表８－７。虚拟语气的构成种类条件句结构主句结构与现在事实相反动词用过去式be 动词用 wereShould/could＋动词原形would/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反的用had＋过去分词Should/could＋have＋过去分词would/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反动词用过去式were to 加动词原形should 加动词原形should＋动词原形would ＋动词原形虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表种类功用句型例句虚拟语气表示主观愿望主句谓语宾语从句谓语动词I wish we could go to the seaside today、wish现在过去式过去had+过去分词I wish I had gone to the basketball match、将来should+动词原形would+动词原形could+动词原形might+动词原形I wished

I could fly to the moon、I wish you would stay here a little longer、would rather现在过去式I would rather you came to my party tomorrow、表示虚拟比较或方式状语从句从句动词形式She looked after the orphan as if he were here own child、as if, as though, even if 从句与现实相反过去式与过去相反had+过去分词Theyre talking as if they had been friends for many years、与将来相反should+动词原形would+动词原形could+动词原形might+动词原形The man looked worried, as though something would happen to him、that, so that, in order that从句may+动词原形might+动词原形

can+动词原形could+动词原形Turn on the light so that I could see it clearly、 I warned him in order that he might keep away from the danger、表示间接的命令、建议或请求宾语从句用于suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等之后(should)+动词原形They required that I (should)

go at once、 He suggested that the meeting (should)

start earlier、表语从句主句中的主语常是：suggestion, idea, proposal, order, request等My suggestion is that we should tell him、 Our only request is that this

problem(should)

be settled as soon as possible、同位语从句They received an order that the work be stopped、在主语从句中表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等It is necessary (important, natural, strange 等)

that…主语从句中的动词形式：It is necessary that every member remember these rules、It is a great pity

that he should be so careless、It is suggested that we should get everything ready by tonight、It is a pity (a shame, no wonder 等)

that…should+动词原形It is suggested (requested, proposed 等)

that…表示祝愿或愿望may+动词原形May you succeed!动词原形+宾语Long live the Peoples Republic of China!其他It is time that+主语+should+动词原形It is time that+主语+动词过去式Its time that you should go home now、It is high time that we left、1 语法辨析Incorrect: If I was a girl，I would marry youCorrect: If I were a girl， I would marry you 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，if条件句中的be动词一律用were，这句话应译为我要是个女孩，我就嫁给你。实际上不可能是个女孩。Incorrect: If I were you I will not worryCorrect: If I were you I shouldnt worry 现在时的虚拟语气主句要用should 或would 加动词原形，这句话应译为我