定语从句难点突破辅导讲座

定语从句难点突破
宾县三中郝颖
一限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1.限制性定语从句在形式上不用逗号与句子隔开，是先行词不可缺少的定语。

如去掉，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。

翻译时译成先行词的定语“……的”
如：The children who wanted to play outdoors were taken to the playground.
All the books that have pictures in them are well written.
2.非限制性定语从句在形式上用逗号与主句隔开，是对先行词意义的补充说明。

如去掉，主句仍能表达完整的意思，通常译成主句的并列句。

如：The children ,who wanted to play outdoors, were taken to the playground.
All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.
3.在关系词的使用上，有以下三个区别：
a.在限制性定语从句中做宾语时可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中则
不可省略;
b.在限制性定语从句中可用that, 而在非限制性定语从句中不可用
that;
c.在限制性定语从句中可用who代替whom,而在非限制性定语从句中不
可用who代替whom。

二、”介词+关系代词”所引导的定语从句
1、正确使用关系代词
做介词宾语的关系代词一般只有which和whom。

如先行词是物，关系词用which；如先行词为人，关系词则用whom。

例如：
A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow .
The man with whom I shook hands is me son’s teacher.
2. 介词的选用
（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词或者形容词来选择。

例如：
The man to whom I spoke was a scientist. (speak to)
The little creature in which scientists are interested in is known as ET. (be interested in)
（2）根据先行词来来选择。

例如：
This is the factory in which he works (in the factory)
What is the youngest age at which a person can be employed? (at the age)
(3) 根据定语从句表达的意义来选择。

例如：
Tom , by whom the windows was broken ,has been criticized by his teacher.
Air, without which man can’t live, is really important.
3. 介词的位置
介词一般放在关系代词which 或whom 之前，但也可放在从句中本来的位置，当介词和从句的动词是固定词组时，介词一般放在从句中。

但当介词在从句中时，有时可以用关系代词that来代替which 或者whom, 口语中还常常省略关系代词。

例如：
三、关系副词when 和where 引导的定语从句
关系副词when 和where 引导定语从句时,分别在从句中充当时间状语和地点状语。

使用时应注意以下几点：
1．when和where代表主句中表示时间和地点的先行词，在从句中充当状语，不能省略。

例如：
July is the month when we have a lot of rain
The soldiers got to a river where there were no boats at all.
2. 一般可以用“介词+which”的形式来代替when 或者where。

I can never forget the day when / on which I came to this school.
The house where / in which he was born is no longer there.
但有时也不宜互换。

例如：
For every object there is a distance at which it looks its best. （不宜用where 来代替at which，因为distance 并不是一个确定的地方。

）You may come any time when you are convenient. (when不宜换为at /
on /in which等，因为any time 表示的时间概念不明确。

)
3．当先行词是表示时间或地点的名词时，要根据关系词在定语中所充当的成分来确定使用关系代词还是关系副词。

关系代词在从句中充当主语或者宾语，而关系副词在从句中充当状语。

例如：
I can never forget the day which we spent together. (which 是spent 的宾语)
I can never forget the day when I came to this school.（when 是came 的状语）
The Great Wall is the last place that Mr. Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing. (that 是visit的宾语)
Can you find a place where we can discuss this problem? (where 是discuss的地点状语)
4．when 和where 引导定语从句和状语从句的区别。

when 和where引导定语从句时，有代替先行词的作用，所引导的定语从句具有修饰或者说明先行词的功能，而它们引导状语从句时没有这一含义。

例如：He constantly reminded me of the days when he came to visit me. = When he came to visit me, he constantly reminded me of the days. (时间状语从句)
You can find the pen where you put it. (地点状语从句)。