新概念英语第一册第105-106课课件
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新概念英语第一册第105-106课课件
2、Do you want to speak to her? •want to do sth. 想要做某事 E.g. 我想买辆新车。 •I want to buy a new car. •她想去英国。 •She wants to go to England.
•speak to sb. 跟某人说话 •我会和她谈这件事的。 •I’ ll speak to her about it.
• 活字典，知识广博的人
★correct v. 改正，纠正
• ① v. 改正；纠正 • Please correct me if I’m wrong. • I spent the whole morning correcting exam
papers. • 我花了整个上午的时间批改试卷。 • ② v. 校正；矫正 • Let me correct my watch first. • This pair of glasses will correct your eyesight
7/27/2024
后面接带to的不定式的动词：
• want sb. to do sth. • tell sb. to do sth. • ask sb. to do sth. • ……
不带to的不定式
• let / make / have sb. do sth. Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩出去。
8、Yes, I’ll do that. I’m sorry about that. • be sorry about 对某事很抱歉 • 我对这个错误感到很抱歉 • I’m sorry about the mistake. • be sorry to do 很抱歉做某事 • 很抱歉来烦你，但我们需要讨论一下我们
新概念英语1 105-106课ppt
• Tips: • 我想找她 • 想要做某事 想让某人做…… 告诉某人做某事 • ……怎么拼写？ 充满…… 对……感到抱歉
I want her. •want to do sth. •want sb. to do tell sb. to do sth. How do you spell …… ？ •be full of I’m sorry about…
THE BOSS: That's right. You've typed it with only one 'L'. This letter's full of mistakes . I want you to type it again. SANDRA: Yes, I'll do that. I'm sorry about that . THE BOSS: And here's a little present for you. SANDRA: What's it? THE BOSS: It's a dictionary . I hope it'll help you .
• 这女孩看起来是聪明伶俐。 • The girl looks intelligent. • intelligence n. 智力 • IQ = intelligence quotient
• • • •
mistake 1) n. 错误 拼写错误 a spelling mistake
• make a mistake 做错，犯错 犯错很容易。 It’s easy to make a mistake.
• • • •
Tell her to come (to my office) at once. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事 tell sb.(not) to do sth.
新概念一 Lesson 105-106 课件
and address on it .
T:That's right. You've typed it with only one 'L' . This letter's full of mistakes. I want you to type it again.
1. want to do sth. 想要做某事 2. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 3. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
T: Where's Sandra, Bob? I want her. B: Do you want to speak to her? T: Yes, I do. I want her to come to my office. Tell her to come at once. S: Did you want to see me? T: Ah, yes, Sandra. How do you spell "intelligent'?
spell
/spel/
v. 拼写
intelligent /in'teliʒənt/ adj. 聪明的，有智慧的
mistake /mi'steik/ n. 错误
present /´prezənt/ n. 礼物
dictionary /´dik ənəri/ n. 词典
carry /'kæri/
v. 携带
wrote his name at the top of the paper. RICHARD：Yes? GARY：Then he sat there and looked at it for three hours! He didn't
T:That's right. You've typed it with only one 'L' . This letter's full of mistakes. I want you to type it again.
1. want to do sth. 想要做某事 2. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 3. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
T: Where's Sandra, Bob? I want her. B: Do you want to speak to her? T: Yes, I do. I want her to come to my office. Tell her to come at once. S: Did you want to see me? T: Ah, yes, Sandra. How do you spell "intelligent'?
spell
/spel/
v. 拼写
intelligent /in'teliʒənt/ adj. 聪明的，有智慧的
mistake /mi'steik/ n. 错误
present /´prezənt/ n. 礼物
dictionary /´dik ənəri/ n. 词典
carry /'kæri/
v. 携带
wrote his name at the top of the paper. RICHARD：Yes? GARY：Then he sat there and looked at it for three hours! He didn't
Lesson105-106Fullofmistakes(课件)新概念英语第一册
Lesson 105 Full of mistakes
Please, everybody, please be more careful about your handwriting. I found so many mistakes in someone’s homework last night. I could not read them. The same thing happens in our story today.
dictionary [5dIkFEnErI] It’s a dictionary.
n. 词典
Q1. Did Sandra make mistakes in her boss’s letter
Q2. Is the letter full of mistakes
Q3. What present did the boss give Sandra
4. He must answer all the questions. He mustn’t forget any. _I_w_a_n_t_h_im__t_o_a_n_s_w_e_r _a_ll_t_h_e_q_u_e_st_i_on_s_.___ _I_d_o_n_’t_w_a_n_t_h_im__t_o_f_o_r_g_et__an_y_._________
2 . 有许多动词可以带名词/ 代词，后面再跟不定式 （v. + n. / pron. + to +v.原形） eg: I want you to type it again. Tell her to come at once.
3. 不定式的否定形式是在to前加not eg: He decided not to buy the house. He told me not to close the window.
Please, everybody, please be more careful about your handwriting. I found so many mistakes in someone’s homework last night. I could not read them. The same thing happens in our story today.
dictionary [5dIkFEnErI] It’s a dictionary.
n. 词典
Q1. Did Sandra make mistakes in her boss’s letter
Q2. Is the letter full of mistakes
Q3. What present did the boss give Sandra
4. He must answer all the questions. He mustn’t forget any. _I_w_a_n_t_h_im__t_o_a_n_s_w_e_r _a_ll_t_h_e_q_u_e_st_i_on_s_.___ _I_d_o_n_’t_w_a_n_t_h_im__t_o_f_o_r_g_et__an_y_._________
2 . 有许多动词可以带名词/ 代词，后面再跟不定式 （v. + n. / pron. + to +v.原形） eg: I want you to type it again. Tell her to come at once.
3. 不定式的否定形式是在to前加not eg: He decided not to buy the house. He told me not to close the window.
新概念英语NCE1_Lesson105-106(共27页)课件
绩 ，
八
分
方
法
。
愿
全
天
下
所
有
父
母
我们，还在路上……
• How do you _s_p_e_ll_______ ‘intelligent’, please?
– i-n-t-e-l-l-i-g-e-n-t.
• Can you help me to _t__________ this letter, please?
– No problem.
Lesson 105 Full of mistakes
• Why do you want to buy a necklace? I want to give it to Mary as a birthday _p_r_e_se_n_t_____ .
• This book is full of new words. I think I must use a _d__________ .
1. We should look at the title （题目）and the pictures（ 插图）.
2. Read the passage （文章）and try to（试着）understand （理解）the meanings of the new words（生单词）.
3.Read carefully （细读） and try to understand （理解） the whole passage （全文）.
office at once. Then he gave Sandra a dictionary as a present. Do you
Why? think it is a present ? Is Sandra happy ?
新概念英语NCE1_Lesson105-106(共18页)-2课件
clever f stale sour high stupid
Choosing at least two words from the group and using them to describe the following objects.
make a mistake 犯错误 by mistake 犯... I've taken someone's umbrella by
mistake.
v.误解；弄错 You mistook my meaning entirely. 你完全误解了我的意思。 I used to mistake his reserve for haughtiness.
n.intelligence 智力；理解力
mistake n.错误；误会；过失 His costly mistake resulted in severe loss. 他的严重的错误导致了重大的损失。 You've made several grammatical mistakes in
the composition. 你的作文中犯了几处语法错误。
固定搭配 carry out意为“执行、实行” The group of soldiers carried out a secret
military action the other day．
carry on表示“（继续）进行、进行下去” Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of fascism at that time．
•9、阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作与笔记使人精确……史鉴使人明智；诗歌使人巧慧2021/9/252021/9/25Saturday, September 25, 2021 •10、每一本书是一级小阶梯，我每爬上一级，就更脱离畜生而上升到人类，更接近美好生活的观念，更热爱书籍。2021/9/252021/9/252021/9/259/25/2021 8:14:51 PM •11、书是人类进步的阶梯，终生的伴侣，最诚挚的朋友。2021/9/252021/9/252021/9/25Sep-2125-Sep-21 •12、阅读一本不适合自己阅读的书，比不阅读还要坏。我们必须会这样一种本领，选择最有价值、最适合自己所需要的读物。2021/9/252021/9/252021/9/25Saturday, September 25, 2021 13、He who seize the right moment, is the right man.谁把握机遇，谁就心想事成。2021/9/252021/9/252021/9/252021/9/259/25/2021 •14、谁要是自己还没有发展培养和教育好，他就不能发展培养和教育别人。2021年9月25日星期六2021/9/252021/9/252021/9/25 •15、一个爱书的人，他必定不致缺少一个忠实的朋友，一个良好的老师，一个可爱的伴侣，一个优婉的安慰者。2021年9月2021/9/252021/9/252021/9/259/25/2021 •16、提出一个问题往往比解决一个更重要。因为解决问题也许仅是一个数学上或实验上的技能而已，而提出新的问题，却需要有创造性的想像力，而且标志着科学的真正进步。 2021/9/252021/9/25September 25, 2021 •17、看文字须大段精彩看，耸起精神，竖起筋骨，不要困，如有刀剑在后一般。就一段中须要透；击其首则尾应，击其尾则首应，方始是。不可按册子便在，掩了册子便忘。 2021/9/252021/9/252021/9/252021/9/25
新概念英语NCE1_Lesson105-106(共26页)课件
Free talk
• Have you ever madБайду номын сангаас any mistakes before? • What should we do when we make mistakes?
I learned a lesson from the mistake.
• Work in groups of four • Tell us a mistake you have made before • The other students tell what you have
Listen again and answer! 1. What mistake did Sandra make?
2. What was Sandra’s present ?
3. Why did her boss give her the present?
Read after the tape!
3. “intelligent”怎么拼写？
How do you spell ‘intelligent’?
4. 周末这个商场全是人。The shopping mall is full of people at the weekend.
5. 听到这个消息我觉得很遗憾。
I’m very sorry to hear the news.
More exercises for consolidation!
5. Excuse me, can you t_y_p_e___ a letter for me?
6. Be careful. Don’t make any m_is_t_a_k_e_s__ any more.
7. Yesterday was my birthday and I received a lot of p_r_e_s_e_n_ts__.
新概念英语第一册lesson105-106课件
I want her. Do you want to speak to her?
I want her to come to my office.
• 这三句话中出现了want的三种用法：
• want sb./sth.
想见，想找
• want to do sth. 想人做某事
1) n. 错误 a spelling mistake 拼写错误 There is no mistake about it. 那毫无错误。 make a mistake 做错，犯错 I made a mistake about the time. 我弄错了时间 by mistake 误……，错…… 我错拿了某人的雨伞 I have taken someone's umbrella by mistake.
此句是现在完成时，强调过去某个时间发生 的动作对现在的影响。 it = intelligent这个词 with 是介词，在这里是指“用”。
• This letter's full of mistakes. • be full of... 充满了… • 这个袋子里装满了钱。 • The bag is full of money. • 玻璃杯里装满了牛奶。 • The glass is full of milk. • 书橱里装满了书。 • The bookcase is full of books. • 她的眼睛里都是泪水。 • Her eyes are full of tears.
SANDRA: Did you want to see me ?
THE BOSS: Ah, yes, Sandra. How do you spell ‘intelligent’ ?
Can you tell me? SANDRA: I-N-T-E-L-L-I-G-E-N-T.
新概念英语第一册第105-106课首选课件
to her?
I wantБайду номын сангаасher
to come
to my office.
Tell her
to come at once.
to see
me?
Did you want
I want you
to type
it again.
Sum up:像以上这些to加动词原形这种结构在英文中被称为
动词不定式
动词不定式
• 动词不定式是 由动词+不定式构成。 • 不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，不能单独 做谓语，没有人称和数的变化。 • 动词的不定式有两种形式： • 1）带to的不定式，“to＋动词原形”，其 中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号， 称为小品词 • 2）不带 to 的不定式 其后面的动词必须是原形
2015-7-5
2015-7-5
New words
• • • • • • • want spell at once intelligent type mistake make a mistake • • • • be full of again present dictionary
填空
• 1. He is __________(聪明的) enough to understand my gesture. • 2. When you come across a new word, you can refer to a ___________(词典). • 3. Anyone can make a ____________(错误). • 4. He has _____________(拼写) the word wrong. Can you ___________(纠正) it? • 5. What _____________(礼物) do you want for your birthday?
新概念英语第一册第105-106课课件
• 活字典，知识广博的人
1、Where’s Sandra, Bob? I want her. I want her. = I want to see her / speak to her. e.g. 你知道Lucy 在哪吗？老板想找 她。 Do you know where Lucy is? The boss wants her.
考试 ___xam 及格，通过p__ss 问题 qu___tion 容易 ____sy 足够地____ou gh 考卷p___p____ 未及格，失败 f___l 回答_____ser 分数 m____k 困难的 d__ffic___lt 讨厌 h___t___ 低的l_____ 顶部，上方 t___p
一、用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多 数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动 词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长 时(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不 定式的逻辑主语)。动词不定式作主语，谓语 动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定 式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构 作主语常置于句末。如：
Listen and answer
பைடு நூலகம்
What was Sandra’s present?
单词学习
• • • • • • spell [spel] v. 拼写 (spelt, spelt) intelligent [in’telidʒənt] adj. 聪明的，有智慧的 mistake [mi’steik] n. 错误 present [’prezənt] n. 礼物 dictionary [’dikʃənəri] n. 词典
2、Do you want to speak to her? •want to do sth. 想要做某事 E.g. 我想买辆新车。 •I want to buy a new car. •她想去英国。 •She wants to go to England.
新概念英语第一册第105-106课首选课件
• 7. --- What is writing brush, do you know? • --- It’s used _________ write and draw. • A. with B. to C. for D. by
2015-7-5
• 8. I want to ________ this book for a month. • A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. get • 9. Sorry, I can only remember the pronunciation of the word, but I cannot _________ it. • A. say B. speak C. spell D. tell • 10. How careless you are! You have ________ so many mistakes in your writing. • A. done B. made C. make D. did
• 2）mistake – mistook – mistaken
• • • • • • • v. 误解，弄错，误会 弄错日期 mistake the date understand理解- mis+understand 误解 mistake … for…错把……当成…… 我把那根棒子错看成蛇了。 I mistook the stick for a snake.
2015-7-5
2015-7-5
New words
• • • • • • • want spell at once intelligent type mistake make a mistake • • • • be full of again present dictionary
【精品】新概念英语第一册lesson105-106PPT课件
make a mistake 犯错误 by mistake 犯... I've taken someone's umbrella by
mistake.
v.误解；弄错 You mistook my meaning entirely. 你完全误解了我的意思。 I used to mistake his reserve for haughtiness.
•
Tell her to come at once.
SANDRA: Did you want to see me? THE BOSS：Ah, yes, Sandra.
How do you spell "intelligent'? Can you tell me?
• SANDRA: I-N-T-E-L-L-I-G-E-N-T.
present n.礼物；现在 I wish to make you a present in token of my
gratitude. 我想送你一件礼物，以表示对你的感谢之情。 Focusing on the future instead of the
present can cripple any activity. 不注意现在只考虑将来就可能做不成任何事。
dictionary 词典
carry 携带；运送；搬运；带有；传播；承载 This is a dangerous area, so don't carry too much
cash on you. 这个地区很危险，所以你身上不要带太多现金。
Pipes carry oil across the desert to the east. 输油管把石油经过沙漠运送到东部。
不定式的否定式
mistake.
v.误解；弄错 You mistook my meaning entirely. 你完全误解了我的意思。 I used to mistake his reserve for haughtiness.
•
Tell her to come at once.
SANDRA: Did you want to see me? THE BOSS：Ah, yes, Sandra.
How do you spell "intelligent'? Can you tell me?
• SANDRA: I-N-T-E-L-L-I-G-E-N-T.
present n.礼物；现在 I wish to make you a present in token of my
gratitude. 我想送你一件礼物，以表示对你的感谢之情。 Focusing on the future instead of the
present can cripple any activity. 不注意现在只考虑将来就可能做不成任何事。
dictionary 词典
carry 携带；运送；搬运；带有；传播；承载 This is a dangerous area, so don't carry too much
cash on you. 这个地区很危险，所以你身上不要带太多现金。
Pipes carry oil across the desert to the east. 输油管把石油经过沙漠运送到东部。
不定式的否定式
(完整版)新概念英语第一册105-106课课件
Do you want to speak to her?
•want to do sth. 想要做某事 •E.g. 我想买辆新车。
to+动词原形在英文中被 称为不定式，to speak
•I want to buy a new car. 在这里是不定式做宾语。
•她想去英国。
•She wants to go to England.
Lesson 105 Full of mistakes
This paper is full of mistakes!
be full of ... = be filled with...
充满；装满；...满
mistake /mɪ'steɪk/ n. 错误
be full of (充满了)
The glass is full of water.
英式英语-E105.mp 3
课文讲解
THE BOSS:Where’s Sandra, Bob? I want her.
want sth./sb.想要见或找某人\某物
I want a bike.
the boss
I want Lisa.
该句的否定形式为：
I don't want her .
Bob
找动词？ 谁是谓语？
(is filled with)
mistake /mɪ'steɪk/ n.错误
例：Everyone can make a mistake, but we must correct them .
correct /kə'rekt/ v.改正
New
mistake n. 错误 Words
Don't make the same mistakes.
新概念英语第一册第105-106课ppt课件
esson
105&106
01 Review
1.I couldn't speak to the boss. He was
busy.
-2.I couldn' t go out. It was
cold for me to go out.
3.1 could answer all the q uestions. They were
7.The question is easy
for me.
8. These exercises are
difficult for him to finish in half
an hour.
1. I couldn't speak to the boss. He was
busy.
2.I couldn't go out. It was
12. Tom is
stupid to be able to do it.
13. The distance is short
for us to walk.
14.The car was
expensive for us to buy
15. He's tall
to reach that top Shelf.
cold for me to go out.
3.I could answer all the questions. They were
easy.
4.Is that suitcase light________for you to carry?
5. Is your brother old
to be a memberof ou association?
105&106
01 Review
1.I couldn't speak to the boss. He was
busy.
-2.I couldn' t go out. It was
cold for me to go out.
3.1 could answer all the q uestions. They were
7.The question is easy
for me.
8. These exercises are
difficult for him to finish in half
an hour.
1. I couldn't speak to the boss. He was
busy.
2.I couldn't go out. It was
12. Tom is
stupid to be able to do it.
13. The distance is short
for us to walk.
14.The car was
expensive for us to buy
15. He's tall
to reach that top Shelf.
cold for me to go out.
3.I could answer all the questions. They were
easy.
4.Is that suitcase light________for you to carry?
5. Is your brother old
to be a memberof ou association?
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B. having C. have D.
had
课文讲解
1、Where’s Sandra, Bob? I want her. I want her. = I want to see her / speak to her.
e.g. 你知道Lucy 在哪吗？老板想找 她。
Do you know where Lucy is? The boss wants her.
make a mistake 做错，犯错
犯错很容易。
It’s easy to make a mistake.
by mistake 误……，错……
我错拿了某人的雨伞
I have taken some one's umbrella by mistake.
• 2）mistake – mistook – mistaken • v. 误解，弄错，误会 • 弄错日期 • mistake the date • understand 理解- mis+understand 误解 • mistake …… for…… • 我把那根棒子错看成蛇了。 • I mistook the stick for a snake.
8、Yes, I’ll do that. I’m sorry about that. • be sorry about 对某事很抱歉 • 我对这个错误感到很抱歉 • I’m sorry about the mistake. • be sorry to do 很抱歉做某事 • 很抱歉来烦你，但我们需要讨论一下我们
辨析
• mistake 比较一般的错误，认识不足，理解不对 • She always makes some mistakes in the
homework. •
fault 侧重于责任 • It's my fault.
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• present
• 1) n. ['prezənt] 礼物 • --present 指礼物的一般性用语 • --gift 是稍正式的说法 • 2）adj. ['prezənt] 出席的 • 反意词absent • 很多学生出席那会议。
• 这女孩看起来是聪明伶俐。
• The girl looks intelligent.
• intelligence n. 智力
• IQ = intelligence quotient ['kwəʊʃ(ə)nt]
clever
聪明，灵巧的
eg: He is clever with his hands.
smart
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Listen and answer
What was Sandra’s present?
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单词学习
• spell [spel] v. 拼写 (spelt, spelt) • intelligent [in’telidʒənt] • adj. 聪明的，有智慧的 • mistake [mi’steik] n. 错误 • present [’prezənt] n. 礼物 • dictionary [’dikʃənəri] n. 词典
• dictionary n. 词典 • 英汉词典 • an English – Chinese dictionary • 我在词典中查找单词 • I looked up the word in the dictionary.
• a living dictionary = WALKING dictionary
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不定式的否定
• 在to之前加not构成 • 妈妈叫我不要关门。 • My mother told me not to close the door.
• 告诉Tom不要开得太快。 • Tell Tom not to drive too fast.
不带to的不定式
• let / make / have sb. do sth. Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩出去。
• A lot of students were present at the meeting. 3) v. [pri'zent] 赠送，呈献，奉送 • 把…赠送给某人 • present sth to sb = present sb with sth • 他把他所有的书都送给了我。
• He presented all his books to me.
聪明的，调皮灵巧的
eg: She is a smart actress.
wise 在经验，学识方面 智慧较深，英明的
eg: Deng Xiaoping was a wise leader.
• mistake
• 1) n. 错误 • 拼写错误
• a spelling mistake
• t.
D. came
• 2. Please tell him _______ on the wall. A. don’t draw B. to not draw
C. not to draw D. not draw
• 3. He wanted ________ a cup of tea.
A. to have
6、That's right. You've typed it with only one 'L'. • 此句是现在完成时，强调过去某个时间发生
的动作对现在的影响。 • it = intelligent这个词 • with 是介词，在这里是指“用”。
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7、This letter's full of mistakes. • be full of... 充满了… • 这个袋子里装满了钱。 • The bag is full of money. • 玻璃杯里装满了牛奶。 • The glass is full of milk. • 书橱里装满了书。 • The bookcase is full of books. • 她的眼睛里都是泪水。 • Her eyes are full of tears.
• 他叫我 (开车) 不要开得太快 • He told me not to drive too fast.
• at once 立刻 • 你必须马上离开。 • You must leave at once.
5、How do you spell "intelligent"? • = How to spell "intelligent"?
的计划。 • I am sorry to bother you, but we need to
discuss our plan.
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9、And here's a little present for you.
• and 相当于“于是”，“因此”，有承上启下的作用， 是上下文联系更紧密。
• 活字典，知识广博的人
grammar
• 动词不定式 • 在英语中，当一个动词被另一个动词紧跟时，它们
之间必须加不定式符号（to）。不定式符号后面的 动词只能是原形，而不能是过去式或分词形式。动 词不定式可做除了谓语之外的所有句子成分。 • 结构： • ① 不定式作动词的宾语：V+ to V原 • ② V+ 名词/宾格代词+ to V原 • 不定式的否定形式是在to之前加not。 • to +名/代/V-ing时，to为介词
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• She has a low mark in the Math exam. She made a lot of __m_is_t_ak_e_s__ in the paper.
3、I want her to come to my office.
想让某人做某事 want sb. to do sth.
e.g. 我想让他们搬出去。 I want them to move out.
I want her. Do you want to speak to her?
I want her to come to my office.
2、Do you want to speak to her? •want to do sth. 想要做某事 E.g. 我想买辆新车。 •I want to buy a new car. •她想去英国。 •She wants to go to England.
•speak to sb. 跟某人说话 •我会和她谈这件事的。 •I’ ll speak to her about it.
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• spell v. 拼写 spelt - spelt • 你的名字是怎么拼写的？ • How do you spell your name?
• 这个词怎么拼？ • How to spell the word?
• intelligent [in'telidʒənt]
• adj. 聪明的，有智慧的,理解力强的
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后面接带to的不定式的动词：
• want sb. to do sth. • tell sb. to do sth. • ask sb. to do sth. • …..
作主语
• To see is to believe • 百闻不如一见 • 当代英语常用it作为语法上的主语，将真实
• 考试 ___xam 及格，通过p__ss • 问题 qu___tion 容易 ____sy • 足够地____ou gh 考卷p___p____ • 未及格，失败 f___l 回答_____ser • 分数 m____k 困难的 d__ffic___lt • 讨厌 h___t___ 低的l_____ • 顶部，上方 t___p