全国联考英语考试大纲及试卷结构【完整版】

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高考全国卷考试英语科大纲

高考全国卷考试英语科大纲Ⅰ．考试性质普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。

高等学校根据考生的成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。

因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度、必要的区分度和适当的难度。

英语科考试是按照标准化测试要求设计的。

Ⅱ．考试内容和形式根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，参照教育部2000年颁发的《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲(试验修订版)》，并考虑中学教学实际，制订本学科考试内容。

试卷由第一卷和第二卷两部分组成。

第一卷包括第一、二、三部分，为客观性试题。

第二卷即第四部分，为主观性试题，第一部分：听力本部分共两节，测试考生理解口头英语的能力。

第一节：共5小题，每小题1.5分。

要求考生根据所听到的5段简短对话，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。

每段录音材料仅读—遍。

第二节：共15小题，每小题1.5分。

要求考生根据所听到的5段对话或独白，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。

每段录音材料读两遍。

考试进行时，考牛将答案标在试卷上；听力部分结束后，考生有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

本部分所需时间约为20分钟(含转涂时间)。

第二部分：英语知识运用本部分共两节，测试考生对英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达形式的掌握情况。

第一节：共15小题，每小题1分。

每题在一句或两句话中留出空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。

第二节：共20小题，每小题1.5分。

在一篇200～250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

本部分所需时间约为25分钟。

第三部分：阅读理解测试考生阅读理解书面英语的能力。

共20小题，每小题2分。

要求考生根据所提供短文的内容(不少于1000词)，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。

本部分所需时间约为35分钟。

第四部分：写作本部分共两节，测试考生的书面表达能力。

高考《英语考试大纲》

I．考试形式与试卷结构一、考试形式考试采用闭卷、笔试形式。

试卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟。

二、试卷结构试卷由四个部分组成。

其中,第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。

第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。

第一部分听力该部分由第一、二两节组成,主要考查考生听懂英语口语的能力。

第一节:共5小题,每小题1.5分。

要求考生根据所听到的5段简短对话,从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话前,考生都有5秒钟的时间阅读题目;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段录音材料仅读一遍。

第二节:共15小题,每小题1.5分。

要求考生根据所听到的5段对话或独白,从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前,考生将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段录音材料读两遍。

听力考试进行时,考生可将答案标在试卷上;听力部分结束后,考生有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

听力考试录音的时间约为20分钟。

第二部分阅读理解该部分由第一、二两节组成,主要考查考生阅读理解书面英语的能力。

第一节:共15小题,每小题2分。

要求考生根据所提供的4篇短文内容(不少于900词),从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。

第二节;共5小题,每小题2分。

在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白,要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项,使补全后的短文意思通顺,前后连贯,结构完整。

第三部分语言知识运用该部分由第一、二两节组成,主要考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用词汇和语法的能力。

第一节:共20小题,每小题1.5分。

在一篇约250词的短文中留出20个空白,要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项,使补全后的短文意思通顺,前后连贯,结构完整。

第二节:共10小题,每小题1.5分。

在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。

2020普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲：英语

英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1至附录5),要求词汇量为3500左右。

二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义'(2)获取具体的事实性信息；(3)对所听内容做出推断；〈4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等, 并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义；(2)理解文中具体信息，(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义,：4)做出判断和推理；(5)理解文章的基本结构；(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：U)清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；(2)有效运用所学语言知识。

4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能；1U)询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法,(2)做到语音、语调自然；(3)做到语言运用得体；(4)使用有效的交际策略。

附录1语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3):元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化⑴连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2语法项目表L名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较級和最高級)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10.时态(1)一般现在时4(2)—般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing形式(3)动词的-ed形式13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语⑶表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语5(7)补语616.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气附录3功能意念项目表1 .社会交往(Social Communications)(1)问候(Greetings)(2)介绍(Introduction)(3)告别(Farewells)(4)感谢(Thanks)(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀请Qrrvitation)(7)请求允许(Asking for permission)(8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9)提供帮助(Offering help)(10)接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11)约会(Making appointments)(12)打电话(Making telephone calls)(13)就餐(Having meals)(14)就医(Seeing the doctor)(15)购物(Shopping)(16)问路(Asking the way)(17)谈论天气(Talkmg about weather)(18)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19)提醒注意(Reminding)(20)警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21)劝告(Advice)(22)建议(Suggestions)2,态度(Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)7(26)可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27)能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29)意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30)希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33)冷淡(Indifference)(34)判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3.情感(Emotions)(35)高兴(Happiness)(36)惊奇(Surprise)(37)忧虑(Worries)(38)安慰(Reassurance)(39)满意(Satisfaction)(40)遗憾(Regret)(41)同情(Sympathy)(42)恐惧(Fear)(43)愤怒(Anger)4.时间(Time)(44)时亥Q (Point of time)(45)时段(Duration)(46)频度(Frequency)(47)时序(Sequence)5.空间(Space)(48)位置(Position)(49)方向(Direction)(50)距离(Distance)6.存在(Existence)(51)存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence) 7.特征(Features)8(52)形状(Shape)(53)颜色(Colour)9(54)材料(Material)(55)价格(Price)(56)规格(Size)(57)年龄(Age)8.计量(Measurement)(58)长度(Length)(59)宽度(Width)(60)高度(Height)(61)数量(Number)9.比较(Comparison)(62)同级比较(Equal comparison)(63)差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64)相似和差别(Similarity and difference) 10.逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65)原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66)目的(Purpose)11.职业(Occupations)(67)工作(Jobs)(68)单位(Employer)附录4话题项目表1.个人情况(Personal information)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3.周围的环境(Personal environments)4.日常活劫(Daily routines)5.学校生活(School hfe)6.兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)I.个人感情(Emotions)& 人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9.计剣与愿望(Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)II.购物(Shopping)12.饮食(Food and drink)13.健康(Health)14.天气(Weather)15.文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16.旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17.语言学习(Language learning)18 .自然(Nature)19.世界与环境(The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modem technology)21.热点话题(Topical issues)22.历史与地理(History and geography)23.社会(Society)24.文学与艺术(Literature and art)10附录5词汇表A accommodation n a (an) art accompany v abandon v accomplish v ability n account nable a accountant n abnormal a accumulate v aboard prep accuracy n abolish v accurate a abortion n accuse vabout ad & prep accustomed a above prep^a & ad ache v & n abroad ad achieve v abrupt a achievement n absence n acid aabsent a acknowledge v absolute a acquaintance n absorb v acquire v abstract a & n acquisition n absurd a acre n abundant a across prep abuse v act n &v academic a & n action n academy n active a accelerate v activity n accent n actor naccept v actress n access n & v actual a accessible a acute a10accident n AD abbr11alarm n & v ad-advertisement nadapt v adaptation n addv addicted a addition naddress n adequate aadjust v adjustment nadministration nadmirable a admire vadmission n admit vadolescence nadolescent a & n adopt vadore v adult n advancev & n advantage nadventure n advertise vadvertisement n advicen advise v advocate vaffair « a:ffecl vaffection n afford vafraid a Africa nAfrican • & /?after ad,prep & conjafternoon n afterward(s)ad again ad against prepage n agency n agenda nagent n aggressive a agoad agree v agreement nagricultural aagriculture n ahead adaid n&vAIDS n aim n &v air naircraft n airline nairmail n airplane nairport n airspace n12album n amazing a alcohol n ambassador n alcoholic a&n ambassadress n algebra n ambiguous a alike ad ambition nalive a ambulance nall adq & pron America n allergic a among prep alley n amount n&v allocate v ample aallow v amuse v allowance n amusement n almost ad analyse valone a analysis n along ad & prep ancestor n alongside ad anchor v & n aloud ad ancient a alphabet n and conj already ad anecdote nalso ad anger n alternative a angle n although conj angry a altitude n animal n altogether ad ankle n aluminium annivenary n (Am aluminum) n announce v always ad annoy vam W奨）annual aa.m./am5A.M./AM abbr another a & pron amateur a answer n&v amaze v ant n13Antarctic a appropriate a antique n approval n anxiety n approve v anxious a approximately ad any pron & a apron w anybody pron arbitrary a anyhow ad arch nanyone pron architect n anything pron architecture n anyway ad Arctic a anywhere ad are v(be)apart ad a area napartment n argue v apologize v argument n apology n arise( arose, arisen) apparent a arithmetic n appeal v de n arm n&vappear v armchair n appearance n army nappendix n around ad & prep appetite n arrange vapplaud v w arrangement n apple n arrest vapplicant n arrival n application n arrive vapply v arrow nappoint v art n appointment n article n appreciate v artificial a appreciation n artist n approach n&v as ad,G两 & prep14ash n attend vashamed a attention nAsia n attitude nAsian a & n attract i Faside ad attraction nask v attractive aasleep a audience naspect n aunt »assess v authentic a assessment n author nassist v authority n assistance n automatic aassistant n autonomous a associate v autumn n association n available aassume v avenue n assumption n average a &：n astonish v avoid vastronaut n awake(awoke,a woken) astronomer n award /?astronomy n aware aat prep away adathlete n awesome aathletic a awful aAtlantic a awkward a atmosphere natom n Battach v baby nattack v & n bachelor nattain v back ad,a & n attempt v & n background n15backward (s) ad basin nbacon n basis nbactenum(/?Z bacteria) n basket nbad(worse,worst) a basketball nbadminton n bat nbag n bath nbaggage n bathe vbakeiy n bathroom nbalance n bathtub nbalcony n battery nball n battle nballet n bay Hballoon n BC abbrbamboo n be(am,is,are,was,ban n&v were,being?been) v banana n beach nband n bean nbandage n bean curd nbank n bear1nbar n beai^ vbarbecue n beard nbarber n beast nbarbershop n beat(beatjbeaten) v & n bare a beautiful abargain 哲 & v beauty nbark v & n because conjbarrier n bee ome(became, become) v base n bed nbaseball n beddings 的basement n bedroom nbasic a bee n16beef n bike-bicycle nbeer n bill nbefore prep.ad&cojy bingo nbeg v biochemistry n beginfbegan^begun) v biography nbehalf n biology nbehave v bird nbehaviour(^w? behavior) n birth nbehmd prep & ad birthday nbeing n birthplace nbelief n biscuit nbelieve v bishop 程bell n bit nbelly n biteCbit^bitten) v belong v bitter abelow prep black a&nbelt n blackboard n bench n blame n & vben dfbent, bent) v blank n &.a beneath, prep blanket n beneficial a bleed vbenefit 疗 & v bless vbent a & n blind abeside prep block n & v besides prep & ad blood nbetray v blouse nbetween prep blow(blew,blown) v beyond prep blue n & abicycle n board n &vbid v & n boat nbig a body nboil v brain nbomb 程 & v brake n&vbond n^v branch nbone n brand nbonus 打brave abook M & u bravery nboom n&v bread nboot n break (broke5broken) v booth n breakfast nborder n breakthrough nbored a breast nboring a breath nbom a breathe vborrow v breathless aboss n brewery nbotanical a brick nbotany n bride nboth a & pron bridegroom nbother v bridge nbottle n brief abottom n bright abounce v brilliant abound a bring(brought s brought) v boundary n broad abow y & 并broadcast(brcadcast, bowl n broadcast 或-ed,-ed) v bowling n brochure nbox n broken aboxing n broom nboy n brother nboycott v brown n & a18brunch n Cbrush 孕&餌cab nBuddhism n cabbage nbudget n cafe nbuifet n caieteria nbuild(built, built) v cage nbuilding n cake nbunch n calculate v bungalow n call 経 & v burden n calm a&v bureaucratic a camel nburglar n camera wbum(burnt burnt camp n & v或吧d,*ed) v &仃campaign nburst v can^could);buiy v can^=cannot modal v bus n can2nbush n canal nbusiness n cancel v businessman/woman cancer n(pl businessmen/ women) n candidate nbusy a candle nbut coty & prep candy nbutcher n & v canteen nbutter n cap nbutterfly n capital nbutton 理 & v capsule nbuy(bought,bought) v captain nby prep caption 料bye int car ncarbon n19card n ceiling ncare n & v celebrate vcareful a celebration n careless a cell ncarpenter n cent ncarpet n centigrade a carriage n centimetrecanier n(Am centimeter) n carrot n central acarry v centre^/w center) n cartoon n century ncarve v ceremony ncase n certain acash n^v certificate n cassette n chain ncast(cast s cast) v chair ncastle n chairman/woman casual a(pl chairmen/women) cat n chalk ncatalogue n challenge n catastrophe n challenging acatch(caught,caught) v champion n category n chance ncater v change n&v Catholic a chargeable acattle n channel ncause n&v chant n caution n chaos ncautious a chapter ncave n character nCD=compact disk n characteristic a & n2021。

2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲(英语)(1)

英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1 至附录5），要求词汇量为3500 左右。

二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。

4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。

附录1 语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26 个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10.时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing 形式(3)动词的-ed 形式13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表(1)问候(Greetings)(2)介绍(Introduction)(3)告别(Farewells )(4)感谢(Thanks )(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀请(Invitation)(7)请求允许(Asking for permission)(8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9)提供帮助(Offering help)(10)接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11)约会(Making appointments)(12)就餐(Having meals)(13)就医(Seeing the doctor)(14)购物(Shopping)(15)问路(Asking the way)(16)谈论天气(Talking about weather)(17)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(18)提醒注意(Reminding)(19)警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(20)劝告(Advice)(21)建议(Suggestions)1.态度(Attitudes)(22)同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(23)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(24)肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(25)可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(26)能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(27)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(28)意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(29)希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(30)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(31)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(32)冷淡(Indifference)(33)判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)2.情感(Emotions)(34)高兴(Happiness)(35)惊奇(Surprise)(36)忧虑(Worries)(37)安慰(Reassurance)(38)满意(Satisfaction)(39)遗憾(Regret)(40)同情(Sympathy)(41)恐惧(Fear)(42)愤怒(Anger)3.时间(Time)(43)时段(Duration)(44)频度(Frequency)(45)时序(Sequence)4.空间(Space)(46)位置(Position)(47)方向(Direction)(48)距离(Distance)5.存在(Existence)(49)存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence) 6.特征(Features)(50)形状(Shape)(51)颜色(Colour)(52)材料(Material)(53)价格(Price)(54)规格(Size)(55)年龄(Age)7.计量(Measurement)(56)长度(Length)(57)宽度(Width)(58)高度(Height)(59)数量(Number)(60)同级比较(Equal comparison)(61)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)8.逻辑关系(Logical relations)(62)原因和结果(Cause and effect)(63)目的(Purpose)9.职业(Occupations)(64)工作(Jobs)(65)单位(Employer)附录4 话题项目表1.个人情况(Personal information)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3.周围的环境(Personal environments)4.日常活动(Daily routines)5.学校生活(School life)6.兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7.个人感情(Emotions)8.人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9.计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11.购物(Shopping)12.饮食(Food and drink)13.健康(Health)14.天气(Weather)15.文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16.旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17.语言学习(Language learning)18.自然(Nature)19.世界与环境(The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21.热点话题(Topical issues)22.历史与地理(History and geography)23.社会(Society)24.文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable a abnormal a aboard prep abolish vabortion nabout ad & prep above prep,a & ad abroad ad abrupt aabsence nabsent aabsolute aabsorb v abstract a & n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate v accent naccept v access n & v accessible a accident naccommodation n accompany v accomplishv account n accountant n accumulatev accuracy n accurateaaccuse v accustomed a ache v & n achievev achievement n acid a acknowledgev acquaintance n acquirev acquisition n acre nacross prep act n & v action nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement nadapt v adaptation n add v addicted aaddition naddress n adequate a adjust v adjustmentn administration n admirable a admirev admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult n advance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise vadvertisement nadvice nadvise v advocate v affair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad,prep & conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again adagainst prep age n agency nagenda nagent n aggressive a ago adagree v agreement n agricultural aagriculture n ahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline nairmail nairplane nairport nairspace nalarm n & valbum nalcohol n alcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a & pronallergic a alley n allocate vallow v allowance n almost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside ad aloud ad alphabet n already ad also ad alternative a although conj altitude n altogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) nalways adam v(be) a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing a ambassador n ambassadress nambiguous a ambition n ambulancen America n amongprep amount n & v ample aamuse v amusement n analyse vanalysis nancestor n anchor v & n ancienta and conj anecdote nanger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoyvannual aanother a & pronanswer n & vant nAntarctic aantique nanxiety nanxious aany pron & a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologizev apology napparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply vappoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & vappropriate aapproval napprove v approximately ad apron narbitrary a arch n architect n architecture nArctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument n arise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & v armchair n army naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrestvarrival narrive varrow n art n article nartificial aartist nas ad,conj & prepash n attend vashamed a attention nAsia n attitude nAsian a & n attract vaside ad attraction nask v attractive aasleep a audience naspect n aunt nassess v authentic aassessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomyn at prep athlete nathletic aAtlantic a atmosphere n atom nattach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & nauthor n authority n automatica autonomous a autumnn available a avenuen average a & n avoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & aaward naware aaway ad awesome a awful a awkward aBbaby n bachelor n back ad,a & n background nbackward(s) ad basin nbacon n basis n bacterium(pl bacteria) n basket nbad(worse,worst) a basketball n badminton n bat nbag n bath nbaggage n bathe vbakery n bathroom n balance n bathtub n balcony n battery nball n battle nballet n bay nballoon n BC abbr bamboo n be(am,is,are,was, ban n & v were,being,been) v banana n beach nband n bean nbandage n bank n bar n bean curd n bear1n bear2vbarbecue n beard nbarber n beast nbarbershop n beat(beat,beaten) v & nbare a beautiful a bargain n & v beauty n bark v & n because conj barrier nbase n baseball n basement n basic abecome(became,become) vbed n beddings n bedroom n bee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conj beg v begin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior) nbehind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong v below prep belt nbench n bend(bent,bent) v beneath prep beneficiala benefit n & v bent a & n beside prep besides prep & adbetray v between prep beyond prep bicycle nbid v & nbig abike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biologynbird nbirth n birthday n birthplace n biscuitnbishop nbit n bite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & v blank n &a blanket nbleed vbless vblind a block n & v blood nblouse n blow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil v brain nbomb n & v brake n & vbond n & v branch nbone n brand nbonus n brave abook n & v boom n & v boot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn a borrow v boss n botanical a botany n both a & pronbother vbottle nbottom nbounce vbound a boundary n bow v & nbravery nbread n break(broke,broken) v & n breakfast nbreakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe v breathless a brewery nbrick nbride n bridegroom n bridge nbrief abright abrilliant a bring(brought,brought) v broad a broadcast(broadcast,bowl n broadcast 或-ed,-ed) v bowling n brochure nbox n broken aboxing n broom nboy n brother nboycott v brown n & abrunch n Cbrush v & n cab nBuddhism n cabbage nbudget n cafe nbuffet n cafeteria nbuild(built,built) v cage nbuilding n cake nbunch n calculate vbungalow n burden n bureaucratic a burglar n burn(burnt,burnt 或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) nbusy abut conj & prep butcher n & v butter n butterfly n button n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye intcall n & v calm a & v camel ncamera n camp n & v campaign n can1(could);can’t=cannot modal vcan2ncanal ncancel vcancer n candidate n candle ncandy ncanteen n cap n capital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption n car n carbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless a carpenter n carpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase n cash n & v cassette ncast(cast,cast) vcastle ncasual a cat n catalogue ncatastrophe n catch(caught,caught) v category ncater v Catholic a cattle n cause n & v caution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk nceiling n celebrate v celebration ncell ncentral acentre(Am center) n century n ceremony ncertain a certificate n chain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) nchalk n challenge n challenginga champion n chance n changen & v changeable a channeln chant v & n chaos nchapter ncharacter ncharacteristic a & ncharge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap a cheat n & v check n & v cheek n cheer n & v cheerful acheers intcheese nchef n chemical a & n chemist n chemistry n cheque(Am check) nchess nchest nchew v chicken n chief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema n circle n & v circuit ncirculate v circumstance n circus ncitizen ncity ncivil a civilian n civilization n clap vclarify vclass nclassic aclassify v classmate n classroom nclaw nclay n clean v & a cleaner nchoke n & v clear achoose(chose,chosen) v clerk nchopsticks n clever achorus n click vChristian n climate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone v close a & ad cloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy a club n clumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin n coincidence n coke ncold a & ncollar n colleague n collect v collection n college ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & vcomb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) vcomedy ncomfort n comfortable a commandn & v comment n commerciala commit v commitmentn committee n commona communicate v communicationn communism n communistn & a companion ncompany n compare vcompass n compensate v compete v competencen competition n complete a & vcomplex a & n component n compositionn comprehension n compromisev compulsory a computer nconcentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concretea condemn v conditionn conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidentiala confirm vconflict nconfuse v congratulate v congratulationn connect v connection n conscience n consensusn consequence n conservationn conservative a consider v consideratea consideration n consist v consistentaconstant a constitution n constructv construction n consult vconsultant n consume vcontain v container n contemporary acontent1ncontent2 a continent n continuev contradict v contradictorya contrary n & a contributev contribution n controlv & n controversial a conveniencen convenient a conventionala conversation n conveyv convince v cookn & v cooker ncookie ncool acopy n & vcorn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & v cosy(Am cozy) a cottage ncotton n & a cough n & v could modal v count vcounter ncountry n countryside n couple ncourage ncourse ncourt n courtyard n cousin n cover n & v cow n crash v & n crayon ncrazy acream ncreate vcredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal n criterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & v crossing n crossroads ncrowd n & v cruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture n cup n cupboard ncure n & v curious a currencyn curriculum n curtain ncushion ncustom n customer n customsn cut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist nDdad=daddy n daily a,ad & n dam n damage n & v damp a & n dance n & v danger n dangerous adare v & modal v dark a & n darkness ndash v & n data n database n date n & v daughter n dawn n day ndead a deadline n deaf adeal ndear adeath n debate n & v debt n decade n decide vdecision ndecline vdecorate v decoration n decrease v deed n deep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) ndefend vdegree n delay n & v delete v & ndeliberately ad delicate a deliciousa delight n delighted a delivervdemand vdentist n department(Dept.) n departure ndepend v deposit v & n depth n describe v description n desert v & n deservevdesign v & n dilemma n desire v & n dimension n desk n dinner n desperate a dinosaur n dessert n dioxide n destination n dip vdestroy v diploma n detective n direct a & v determine v direction n develop v director n development n directory n devote v dirty a devotion n disability n diagram n disabled adial v disadvantage n dialogue(Am dialog) n disagree v diamond n disagreement n diary n disappear vdictation n disappoint vdictionary n disappointed adie v disaster ndiet n discount ndiffer v discourage vdifference n discover vdifferent a discovery ndifficult a discrimination ndifficulty n discuss vdig(dug,dug) v discussion ndigest v disease ndigital a disgusting adignity n dish ndisk=disc ndislike vdismiss vdistance ndistant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district ndisturb v disturbing a dive v diverse adivide vdivision ndivorce vdizzy a do(did,done) v doctor n document n dog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor n dormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & vdownstairs ad downtown ad,n & a dozen nDr=doctor n draft n & v drag vdraw(drew,drawn) vdrawback ndrawer n dream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & v drink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) v driver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull a dumpling n during prep dusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk ndynamic adynasty nEeach a & proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth n earthquake n east a,ad & n Easter n eastern aeasy a eat(ate,eaten) v ecology n edge nedition neditor neducate v education n educator n effect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj & adelder nelect v electric a electrical a electricityn electronic a elegant aelephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy nemergency n emperor nemploy vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n & v endingnendless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine nengineer n enjoy v enjoyable a enlargevenough pron,a & adenquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entirea entrance n entry n envelope n environmentn envy v & n equal a & v equality n equip v equipmentn eraser nerror nerupt v escape n & v especially ad essay nEurope n European a & n evaluate veven ad evening n event n eventually ad ever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone proneverything pron everywhere ad evidencen evident a evolution n exactaexam=examination nexamine vexample n excellent a except prep exchangen & v excite vexcuse n & v exercise n & v exhibitionn exist v existence n exit nexpand vexpect v expectation n expensen expensive a experience nexperiment n expert nexplain v explanation n explicit aexplode vexplore v export n & v expose v express v & n expression n extension n extra a extraordinary a extreme aeye neyesight nFface n & vfacial afact n factory n fade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2nfaith n fall1(fell,fallen) v fall2(Am)=autumn n false afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v & afantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & adfare nfarm nfarmer n fast a & ad fasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee n feed(fed,fed) v feel(felt,felt) v feeling nfellow n female a & n fence nferry n festival n & a fetch vfever nfew pron & afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce a fight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance n find(found,found) v fine1 afine2vfinger n fingernail n finish v & n fire n & v fireworks n firm1nfirm2 afish n & v fisherman n fist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash n flashlight n flat1 aflat2n flee(fled,fled) v flesh nflexible aflight nfloat v flood n & v floor nflour nflow vflower n flu n fluency nfluent a fly1(flew,flown) v fly2nfocus v & n fog n foggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & v foolish a foot(pl feet) n footballnfor prep & conj forbid(forbade,forbidden) v force v forecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner n foresee(foresaw,foreseen) v forest nforever ad forget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful a forgive(forgave,forgiven) v fork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight n fortunate a fortune n forward ad foster vfound v fountain n fox n fragile afragrant a framework n franc nfree afreedom nfreeway n freeze(froze,frozen) v freezing afrequent afresh afriction n fridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly a friendship n frighten v frog nfrom prep front a & n frontier n frost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & a function n & v fundamental afuneral nfunny afur n furnished a furniture n future nGgain vgallery ngallon ngame ngarage ngarbage ngarden ngarlic n garment n gas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & n generation n generous a gentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesturen get(got,got) v gift ngifted agiraffe ngirl n give(gave,given) v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove nglue n go(went,gone) v goal ngoat ngod ngold n & a golden a golf ngood(better,best) agoods ngoose(pl geese) n govern v government n grade ngradual agraduate v graduation n grain ngram n grammar n grand a grandchild ngranddaughter ngrandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents ngrandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity n great a & ad greedy a green a & n greengrocer n greet v greeting ngrey(Am gray) agrill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup n grow(grew,grown) v growth nguarantee vguard nguess vguest n guidance n guide nguilty aguitar ngun n gym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit nhair n haircut n half a & nhall nham n hamburger n hammer n hand n &v handbag nhandful n handkerchief n handle n & v handsome a handwriting n handy ahang(hung,hung 或-ed,-ed) vhappen v happiness n happy aharbour(Am harbor) nhard ad & ahardly adhardship n hardworking a harm n & v harmfula harmony n harvest n & v hat nhatch vhate v & nhave(has,had,had) vhe pron head n & v headache n headline n headmaster n headmistress n health nhealthy a hear(heard,heard) v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight n helicopter n hello inthelmet n help n & v helpful a hen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pron herself pron hesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) v high a & ad highway nhill nhim pron himself p ron hire vhis pronhistory n hit(hit,hit) v & n hobby n hold(held,held)v hole nholiday nholy ahome n & ad homeland n hometown n homeworkn honest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & vhook n & v hope n & v hopeful ahopeless ahorrible a horse n hospital n host n& v hostess nhot a identity nhotdog n identification nhotel n idiom nhour n if conjhouse n ignore vhousewife n ill ahousework n illegal ahow ad illness nhowever ad & conj imagine vhowl v immediately adhug v immigration nhuge a import v & nhuman a & n human being n humorous ahumour(Am humor) nhunger nhungry ahunt vhunter n hurricane n hurry v hurt(hurt,hurt) v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream n idea nimportance n important a impossiblea impress v impression n improvevin prep & ad inch n incident ninclude vincome n increase v & n indeed aindependence n independent a indicatevindustry n influence n & v inform vinformation ninitial ainjure vinjury nink ninn n innocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & adinsist vinspect vinspire vinstant ainstead adinstitute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurancen insure v intelligence n intend v intentionn interest n interesting a internationala Internet n interpreter n interruptvinterval n interview n & v into prep introduce v introduction n invent v inventionn invitation n invite viron n & v irrigation n is v(be) island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) njob njog vjoin vjoke njournalist n kiss n & vjourney n kitchen njoy n kite njudge n & v knee njudgement knife(pl knives) n (Am judgment) n knock n & vjuice n know(knew,known) v jump n & v knowledge njungle njunior a Ljust a & ad lab=laboratory n justice n labour(Am labor) nlack n & vK lady nkangaroo n lake nkeep(kept,kept) v lamb nkettle n lame akey n lamp n keyboard n land n & vkick v & n language nkid n lantern nkill v lap nkilo n large a kilogram n last a & v kilometre(Am kilometer) nkind1nkind2 a kindergarten n kindness n king n kingdom nlate a & ad latter n laugh n & vlaughter nlaundry n law n lawyer nlay(laid,laid) v lie2(lay,lain) v lazy a life(pl lives) n lead(led,led) v & n lift v & n leader n light n,v & a leaf(pl leaves) n lightning n league n like v & prep leak v likely alearn(learnt,learnt limit v或-ed,-ed) v line n & vleast n link v & n leather n lion nleave(left,left) v lip nlecture n liquid n & aleft a,ad & n list n & vleg n listen vlegal a literature n lemon n & a literary a lemonade n litre(Am liter) n lend(lent,lent) v litter vlength n little(less,least) a lesson n live v & alet(let,let) v lively aletter n load nlevel n loaf n liberation n local aliberty n lock n & v librarian n lonely alibrary n long a & ad license n look n & vlid n loose alie1n & v lorry nlose(lost,lost) vloss nlot nloud alounge nlove n & vlovely a low a & ad luck nlucky aluggage nlunch nlung nMmachine nmad a madam/madame n magazine nmagic amaid nmail n & v mailbox n main a mainland n majora majority nmake1n make2(made,made) v male a & nman(pl men) nmanage vmanager nmankind nmanner n many(more,most) pron & a map nmaple n marathon n marblen march n & v mark n &v market n marriage n marry vmask n & v mass n master v & n matnmatch v & n material n mathematics=math/maths n matter n & v mature amaximum a & n may modal v maybe adme pronmeal n mean(meant,meant) v meaning nmeans n meanwhile ad measure v meat nmedal nmedia nmedical a medicine n medium nmeet(met,met) v & nmeeting nmelon nmember n memorial n & a memory n mend vmental a mention n & v menu n merchant a & n merciful amercy nmerely admerry amess nmessage nmessy a metal n & a method nmetre(Am meter) nmicroscope n。

2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲(英语)

二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。

4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。

1.基本读音(1)26 个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10.时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing 形式(3)动词的-ed 形式13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1.(1)问候(Greetings)(2)介绍(Introduction)(3)告别(Farewells )(4)感谢(Thanks )(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀请(Invitation)(7)请求允许(Asking for permission)(8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9)提供帮助(Offering help)(10)接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11)约会(Making appointments)(12)(13)就餐(Having meals)(14)就医(Seeing the doctor)(15)购物(Shopping)(16)问路(Asking the way)(17)谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19)提醒注意(Reminding)(20)警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21)劝告(Advice)(22)建议(Suggestions)2.态度(Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27)能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29)意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30)希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33)冷淡(Indifference)(34)判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3.情感(Emotions)(35)高兴(Happiness)(36)惊奇(Surprise)(37)忧虑(Worries)(38)安慰(Reassurance)(39)满意(Satisfaction)(40)遗憾(Regret)(41)同情(Sympathy)(42)恐惧(Fear)(43)愤怒(Anger)4.时间(Time)(44)(45)时段(Duration)(46)频度(Frequency)(47)时序(Sequence)5.空间(Space)(48)位置(Position)(49)方向(Direction)(50)距离(Distance)6.存在(Existence)(51)存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence) 7.特征(Features)(52)形状(Shape)(53)颜色(Colour)(54)材料(Material)(55)价格(Price)(56)规格(Size)(57)年龄(Age)8.计量(Measurement)(58)长度(Length)(59)宽度(Width)(60)高度(Height)(61)数量(Number)9.(62)同级比较(Equal comparison)(63)(64)相似和差别(Similarity and difference) 10.逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65)原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66)目的(Purpose)11.职业(Occupations)(67)工作(Jobs)(68)单位(Employer)附录4 话题项目表1.个人情况(Personal information)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3.周围的环境(Personal environments)4.日常活动(Daily routines)5.学校生活(School life)6.兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7.个人感情(Emotions)8.人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9.计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11.购物(Shopping)12.饮食(Food and drink)13.健康(Health)14.天气(Weather)15.文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16.旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17.语言学习(Language learning)18.自然(Nature)19.世界与环境(The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21.热点话题(Topical issues)22.历史与地理(History and geography)23.社会(Society)24.文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录5 词汇表Aa(an) art abandon vability nable a abnormal a aboard prep abolish v abortion nabout ad & prep above prep,a & ad abroad ad abrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a & n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate v accent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v & n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition n acre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation nadd vaddicted a addition n address n adequate aadjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission nadmit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise v advocate vaffair naffect vaffection n afford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad,prep & conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline nairmail nairplane nairport nairspace nalarm n & valbum nalcohol nalcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a & pron allergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative a although conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze v amazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n & v ample aamuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual a another a & pron answer n & v ant nAntarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron & a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue v argument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & v armchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj & prepash n ashamed a Asia n Asian a & n aside adask v asleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & n attend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a & n background nbackward(s) ad basin nbacon n basis n bacterium(pl bacteria) n basket nbad(worse,worst) a basketball n badminton n bat nbag n bath nbaggage n bathe vbakery n bathroom n balance n bathtub n balcony n battery nball n battle nballet n bay nballoon n BC abbr bamboo n be(am,is,are,was, ban n & v were,being,been) v banana n beach nband n bean nbandage n bank n bar n bean curd n bear1n bear2vbarbecue n beard nbarber n beast nbarbershop n beat(beat,beaten) v & n bare a beautiful abargain n & v beauty nbark v & n because conjbarrier n base n baseball n basement n basic a become(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior) n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent) v beneath prepbeneficial abenefit n & vbent a & nbeside prepbesides prep & ad betray vbetween prepbeyond prepbicycle nbid v & nbig a bike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography nbiology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace n biscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & vblank n & a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & v bond n & v bone n bonus n book n & v boom n & v boot nbooth n border n bored a boring a born a borrow v boss n botanical a botany n both a & pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling n box n boxing nboy n boycott v brain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & n breakfast n breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast 或-ed,-ed) v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) v building nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness n businessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj & prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye int Ccab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & v campaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless a carpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & vcassette ncast(cast,cast) v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate v celebration ncell ncentral acentre(Am center) n century n ceremonyncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n & v changeable a channel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a & ncharge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & n chemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian n Christmas n church n cigar n cigarette n cinema n circle n & v circuit n circulate v circumstance n circus n citizen ncity ncivil a civilian n civilization n clap vclarify v class n classic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw nclay nclean v & a cleaner n clear aclerk n clever aclick v climate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a & adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin ncoincidence ncoke ncold a & ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine v come(came,come) v comedy ncomfort n comfortable a command n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer nconcentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1n content2a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n & v corn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & vcosy(Am cozy) a cottage n cotton n & a cough n & v could modal v count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourt n courtyard n cousin ncover n & v cow ncrash v & n crayon ncrazy acream ncreate v creature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & v crossing n crossroads ncrowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & vcurious acurrency n curriculum n curtain ncushion ncustom ncustomer n customs ncut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist nDdad=daddy n daily a,ad & n dam n damage n & v damp a & n dance n & v danger n dangerous adare v & modal v dark a & n darkness n dash v & ndata n database ndate n & v daughter n dawn nday ndead a deadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & v debt ndecade n decide v decision n declare vdecline vdecorate v decoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist n department(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe v description ndesert v & n deserve vdesign v & ndesire v & ndesk ndesperate adessert n destination n destroy vdetective n determine v develop v development n devote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) n diamond ndiary ndictation n dictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer vdifference n different adifficult adifficulty ndig(dug,dug) v digest vdigital adignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip vdiploma n direct a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish ndisk=disc n dislike vdismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district ndisturb v disturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision n divorce vdizzy ado(did,done) v doctor n document ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor n dormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n & a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) v driver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a & proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad & nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten) vecology nedge nedition neditor neducate veducation neducator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj & adelder n elect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor nemploy vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy v enjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a & ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire a entrance n entry n envelope n environment n envy v & n equal a & v equality n equip v equipment n eraser nerror nerupt v escape n & v especially ad essay n Europe n European a & n evaluate v even ad evening nevent n eventually a d ever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident a evolution nexact aexam=examination n examine v example nexcellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & v exercise n & v exhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert nexplain v explanation n explicit aexplode vexplore v export n & v expose v express v & n expression n extension n extra a extraordinary a extreme aeye neyesight nFface n & v facial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & n failure nfair1 afair2nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen) v fall2(Am)=autumn n false afamiliar a family n famous afan nfancy n,v & a fantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron & afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found,found) vfine1afine2vfinger nfingernail nfinish v & nfire n & vfireworks nfirm1nfirm2 afish n & vfisherman nfist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight nflat1a flat2nflee(fled,fled) vflesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep & conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force vforecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) v fork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant aframework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) v freezing a frequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly a friendship n frighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a & nfrontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & afunction n & v fundamental a funeral nfunny afur nfurnished a furniture nfuture nGgain vgallery ngallon ngame ngarage n garbage n garden ngarlic n garment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & n generation n generous a gentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture nget(got,got) vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given) v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove n glue ngo(went,gone) vgoal ngoat ngod ngold n & agolden agolf ngood(better,best) a goods ngoose(pl geese) n govern vgovernment ngrade ngradual agraduate vgraduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & ad greedy agreen a & n greengrocer n greet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) a grill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown) v growth n guarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit n hair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger nhammer nhand n & vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung 或-ed,-ed) v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) nhard ad & ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch vhate v & nhave(has,had,had) v he pronhead n & v headache n headline n headmaster n headmistress n health nhealthy ahear(heard,heard) v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight n helicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pron hesitate vhi int hide(hid,hidden) vhigh a & adhighway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & n hobby nhold(held,held) vhole nholiday nholy ahome n & ad homeland n hometown n homework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n & vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife n housework nhow adhowever ad & conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a & n human being n humorous a humour(Am humor) n hunger nhungry ahunt vhunter nhurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea n identity n identification n idiom nif conjignore vill aillegal a illness n imagine v immediately ad immigration n import v & n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep & ad inch n incident n include v income n increase v & n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform vinformation n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn ninnocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist vinspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval ninterview n & vinto prepintroduce v introduction ninvent vinvention ninvitation ninvite viron n & virrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) n job njog vjoin vjoke njournalist njourney njoy njudge n & vjudgement(Am judgment) njuice njump n & vjungle njunior ajust a & adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept) vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer) n kind1nkind2akindergarten nkindness nking nkingdom n kiss n & vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives) n knock n & vknow(knew,known) v knowledge nLlab=laboratory n labour(Am labor) n lack n & vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n & v language nlantern nlap nlarge alast a & vlate a & adlatter nlaugh n & v laughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer nlay(laid,laid) v lazy a lead(led,led)v & n leadernleaf(pl leaves) n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed) v least nleather nleave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad & nleg nlegal alemon n & a lemonade nlend(lent,lent) v length nlesson nlet(let,let) v letter nlevel n liberation n liberty n librarian n library n license nlid nlie1n & v lie2(lay,lain) v life(pl lives) n lift v & nlight n,v & a lightning nlike v & prep likely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten v literature n literary alitre(Am liter) n litter vlittle(less,least) a live v & alively aload nloaf nlocal alock n & v lonely along a & ad look n & v loose alorry nlose(lost,lost) vloss nlot nloud alounge nlove n & vlovely alow a & adluck nlucky aluggage nlunch nlung nMmachine nmad amadam/madame n magazine nmagic amaid nmail n & v mailbox nmain amainland nmajor amajority nmake1nmake2(made,made) v male a & nman(pl men) n manage vmanager nmankind nmanner n many(more,most) pron & a map n maple nmarathon nmarble nmarch n & vmark n & vmarket nmarriage nmarry vmask n & vmass nmaster v & nmat nmatch v & nmaterial n mathematics=math/maths nmatter n & vmature amaximum a & nmay modal vmaybe adme pronmeal nmean(meant,meant) v meaning n。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2019 年版)

2019英语一考试大纲全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2019年版)I.考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

(二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所选材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义;2)理解文中的具体信息;3)理解文中的概念性含义;4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8)区分论点和依据。

招生国统一考试英语试题大纲,含答案试题

2021年普通高等招生全国统一考试英语〔大纲卷〕英语第一卷第一局部听力〔一共两节，满分是30分〕做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容完毕以后，你将有两分钟的时间是将试卷上之答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节〔一共5个小题：每一小题1.5分，满分是7.5分〕听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每一小题所给的A B C三个选项里面选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间是来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?答案是C1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a placeB. Buy a mapC. Get an address2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her carB. Give her a rideC. Pick up her aunt3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor.B. A department head.C. A company director4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficultB. Very interestingC. Too simple5. What are the speakers talking about?A. WeatherB. ClothesC. News第二节〔一共15小题：每一小题1.5分，满分是22.5分〕听下面5段对话或者对白，每段对话或者对白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项里面选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或者独白前，你将有时间是阅读各个小题。

每一小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的答题时间是。

每段对话或者独白读两遍。

统考大学英语(A、B、C)考试大纲(2013年修订版)

《大学英语》考试大纲《大学英语》（A）考试大纲[2013年修订版]试点高校网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试，旨在遵循网络教育应用型人才的培养目标，针对从业人员继续教育的特点，重在检验学生掌握英语基础知识的水平及应用能力，全面提高现代远程高等学历教育的教学质量。

“大学英语”课程是现代远程教育试点高校网络教育实行全国统一考试的部分公共基础课之一。

该课程的考试是一种基础水平检测性考试，考试合格者应达到与成人高等教育本科相应的大学英语课程要求的水平。

考试对象教育部批准的现代远程教育试点高校网络教育学院和中央广播电视大学“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”项目中自2004年3月1日（含3月1日）以后入学的本科层次学历教育的学生，应参加网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试。

“大学英语（A）”考试大纲适用于英语类专业的高中起点与专科起点本科学生。

考试目标本考试旨在全面检查现代远程教育英语专业学生综合运用英语听、说、读、写、译等基本技能的能力。

考生应扎实地掌握基本的语法知识和词汇，具备运用不同的阅读和听力技巧获取信息的能力以及用英语进行口头和笔头交际的能力。

听说能力考核暂不列入全国统考范围之内，由各学校自行组织。

2020普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲：英语 PDF版含答案

英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录l至附录川，要求词汇量为3500左右。

二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独自和对话。

考生应能：(1）理解主旨要义；(2）获取具体的事实性信息；(3）对所听内容做出推断；(4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中较取相关信息。

考生应能：(1）理解主旨要义；(2）理解文中具体信息：(3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；(4）做出判断和推理；(5）理解文章的基本结构：(6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：(1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（刃有效运用所学语言知识。

4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能：( l〕询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；(2）做到i吾音、语调自然；(3）做到语言运用得体；(4）使用有效的交际策略。

附录1语音项目表l基本读音(1)26个字母的读音(2）元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3）元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4）元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5）常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6）辅音字母组合的读音(7）辅音连缀的读音(8）成节音的读音2重音(1）单词重音(2）句子重音3读音的变化(1）连读(2）失去爆破(3）弱读(4）同化4语调与节奏(1）意群与停顿(2)i吾调(3）节奏5.i吾音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2语法项目表l名词(1）可数名词及其单复数(2）不可数名词(3）专有名词(4）名词所有格2代词(1）人称代词(2）物主代词。

）反身代词(4）指示代词(5）不定代词(6）疑问代词3数词(I）基数词(2）序数词4介词和介词短i吾5连词6.形容词（比较级和最高级）7副词（比较级和最高级）8冠词9动词(I）动词的基本形式(2）系动词(3）及物动词和不及物动词(4）助动词(5）情态动词I O时态(1）一般现在时(2）一般过去时4(3）一般将来时(4）现在进行时(5）过去进行时(6）过去将来时(7）将来进行时(8）现在完成时(9）过去完成时(10）现在完成进行时I l被动语态12.非谓语动词(1）动词不定式(2）动词的－ing形式(3）动词的－ed形式13.构词法(I）合成法(2）派生法(3）转化法(4）缩写和简写14.句子种类(1）陈述句(2）疑问句(3）祈使句(4）感叹句15.句子成分(1）主语(2）谓i吾(3）表i吾(4）宾i吾(5）定语(6）状语(7）补i吾516.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1）宾语从句(2）状语从句(3）定i吾从句(4）主i吾从句(5）表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.fftJ装23.强调24.虚拟语气附录3功能意念项目表l社会交往（Social Communications)(I）问候（Greetings)(2）介绍白1troduction)(3）告别σarewells)(4）感谢σhanks)(5）道歉（Apologies)(6）邀请(Invitation)(7）请求允许（Aski ng for permission)(8）祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)。

全国英语等级考试(PETS)一级考试大纲新

让知识带有温度。

全国英语等级考试（PETS）一级考试大纲全国公共英语PETS一级考试大纲概述PETS一级考试由笔试试卷和口试试卷组成。

笔试试卷(90分钟)包括四部分：听力、英语学问运用、阅读理解和写作，总分100分。

口试试卷(8分钟)分两节，考查考生的口语交际力量，总分5分。

笔试试卷和口试试卷均使用中文指#PETS# 导语。

(一)听力(总分25分，时间为20分钟)该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解英语口语的力量。

A节(10题，每题1分)：考查考生识别和理解单词、词组的力量。

要求考生依据所听到的10个单句，从每题所给的3个选择项中选出选项。

每个单句播放两遍。

B节(15题，每题1分)：考查考生理解简洁的事实性信息的力量。

要求考生依据所听到的15段短对话，从每题所给的3个选择项中选出选项。

每段对话播放两遍。

每段对话后的问题不在录音中播放，仅在试卷上印出。

听力考试进行时，考生将答案标在试卷上。

每段录音材料播放前、后都有适当停顿，用作读题和答题时间。

听力部分结束前，考生有3分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。

该部分所需时间约为20分钟(含转涂时间)。

(二)英语学问运用(总分25分，时间为20分钟)该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生对英语语法、词汇学问和简洁表达方式的把握。

A节(15题，每题1分)：每题在一个单句或简短对话中留出一处空白，要求考生依据单句或简短对话，从每题给出的3个选择项中选出选项。

其中有10-12道题考查语法结构，3-5道题考查单词和表达方式。

B节(10题，每题1分)：在一篇90-120词的短文中留出10个空白，要求考生从每题所给的3个选择项中选出选项。

使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

其中约6道考查语法结构，约4道题考查单词和表达方式。

该部分所需时间约为20 分钟。

考生在客观题答题卡上作答。

(三)阅读理解(总分20分，时间为30分钟)第1页/共3页千里之行，始于足下该部分由三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的力量。

统考大学英语(A、B、C)考试大纲

《大学英语》（B）考试大纲[2013年修订版]试点高校网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试，旨在遵循网络教育应用型人才的培养目标，针对从业人员继续教育的特点，重在检验学生掌握英语基础知识的水平及应用能力，全面提高现代远程高等学历教育的教学质量。

“大学英语”课程是现代远程教育试点高校网络教育实行全国统一考试的部分公共基础课之一。

该课程的考试是一种基础水平检测性考试，考试合格者应达到与成人高等教育本科相应的大学英语课程要求的水平。

“大学英语（B）”考试大纲适用于除英语类和艺术类专业以外的其他专业高中起点与专科起点本科学生。

考试目标本考试旨在考查现代远程教育所有专业（除英语类和艺术类专业）的学生掌握英语基础知识的水平及应用能力。

考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识和词汇，具备运用不同语言技能进行交际的基本能力。

考试内容与要求【语法】考生应较好地掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在交际中较正确地加以运用。

【词汇】考生应认知3000个单词，并熟练掌握其中的1 800个单词及其基本的搭配。

【交际能力】考生应掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语。

【阅读】考生应能基本读懂与日常生活和社会活动相关的不同类型的文字材料，阅读速度为每分钟50个单词。

考生应能：1．理解主旨要义；2．理解文中具体信息；3．根据上下文推测生词词义；4．进行有关的判断、推理和引申，理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

【翻译】考生应能在规定时间内将难度适中的英文句子翻译成中文。

考生应能：1. 对英语原文有准确的理解；2. 做到译文通顺、达意。

【写作】考生应能在规定时间内写出长度不少于80词的短文。

考生应能：1．用较正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行表达；2．基本做到内容切题，条理清楚；3．根据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作。

全国英语等级考试(PETS)三级考试大纲

全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级考试大纲全国公共英语(pets)三级考试大纲概述PETS 第三级考试由笔试试卷和口试试卷组成。

笔试试卷(120分钟)分四部分：听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。

口试试卷(10分钟)分三节考查考生的口语交际能力。

笔试试卷和口试试卷都使用英文指导语。

(一)听力该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解英语口语的能力。

A节(10题)：考查考生理解事实性信息的能力。

要求考生根据所听到的10段简短对话(总长约400词，总持续时间约3’30")，从每题所给的4个选择项中选出选项。

每题有15秒答题时间(5秒用作听前读题，10秒用作听后答题)。

B节(15题)：考查考生理解总体和特定信息的能力。

要求考生根据所听到的4段对话或独白(每段平均约200词，持续1’40"-2’10"，总长约800词，持续8’30") ，从每题所给的4个选择项中选出选项。

每题有20 秒答题时间(5秒用作听前读题，10秒用作听后答题。

每篇对话或独白的听前读题和听后答题时间，都按题数累计给出)。

每段录音材料只播放一遍。

问题不在录音中播放，仅在试卷上印出。

听力考试进行时，考生将答案标在试卷上;听力部分结束后，考生有三分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡1上。

该部分所需时间约为25分钟(含转涂时间)。

(二)英语知识运用该部分考查考生对语法结构、词汇知识和表达方式的掌握情况。

共20小题。

在一篇200-250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选择项中选出选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

其中有13-15道题考查词汇和表达方式，5-7道题考查语法结构。

该部分所需时间约为15分钟。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

(三)阅读理解测试考生理解书面英语的能力。

该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。

A节(15题)：考查考生理解总体和特定信息的能力。

要求考生根据所提供的3篇文章的内容(平均长度为350词左右)从每题所给的4个选择项中选出选项。

2020考研英语一大纲原文

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2020年版) I.考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

(完整)高考英语新课标(全国卷)考试大纲说明

高考英语新课标（全国卷）考试大纲说明考试性质：普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试.高等学校根据考生的成绩,按已确定的招生计划德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。

因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。

考试内容要和要求根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，依据中华人民共和国教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中课程方案（实验）》和《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》，确定本学科考试内容。

考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。

二、语言运用1．听力听力是是与外国人直接交往中必不可少的一种语言能力。

该部分要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短对话和独白。

考生应以：（1）理解主旨和要义任何一段对话或独白总会围绕一个主旨或者一个中心思想展开。

有时，主旨要义会比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，考生需自己去归纳、概括。

（2）获取事实性的具体信息为了说明和支持主旨，对话或独白中总会出现一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。

这些信息是理解和把握对话或独白主旨必不可少的内容，也常常是听力部分的重点考查项目。

（3）对所听内容作出简单推断话语发生的场合、说话者之间的关系等对话含义的理解起着举足轻重的作用，对这些背景知识的推断能力在一定程度上可以体现一个人队口语的理解能力，因而也是听力测试所要考查的重点项目之一。

（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度一般来讲，说话者总会有说话的意图，或是提出或回答问题，阐述自己的想法，或者表明自己的态度或意见，对此的理解或推断在一般交往中非常重要。

有时，说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的；有时，则隐含在对话的字里行间，需要听者自己去揣摩、推断。

2．阅读理解阅读文章是我国考生接触外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。

该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2020年版)I.考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

招生国统一考试英语试题国卷大纲,含答案试题

2021年普通高等招生全国统一考试英语〔大纲卷〕第一局部听力〔一共两节，满分是30分〕做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容完毕以后，你将有两分钟的时间是将试卷上之答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节〔一共5小题；每一小题1.5分，满分是7.5分〕听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项里面选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10称钟的时间是来答复有关小题如阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.18.C. ￡9.15.答案是 C。

1. What does the man want to do?A. Take photos.B. Buy a camera.C. Help the woman.2. What are the speakers talking about？A. A noisy night.B. Their life in town.C. A place of living.3. Where is the man now?A. On his way.B. In a restaurant.C. At home4. What will Celia do?A. Find a player.B. Watch a game.C. Play basketball.5. What day is it when the conversation takes place?A. Saturday.B. Sunday.C. Monday.第二节〔一共15小题：每一小题1.5分，满分是22.5分〕听下面5段对话或者独白。

每段对话或者独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项里面选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或者独白前，你将有时间是阅读各个小题，每一小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的答题时间是。

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语

二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。

4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。

1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2. 态度 (Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)(34) 判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions)(35) 高兴 (Happiness)(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)(37) 忧虑 (Worries)(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾 (Regret)(41) 同情 (Sympathy)(42) 恐惧 (Fear)(43) 愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45) 时段 (Duration)(46) 频度 (Frequency)(47) 时序 (Sequence)5. 空间 (Space)(48) 位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6. 存在 (Existence)(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features)(52) 形状 (Shape)(53) 颜色 (Colour)(54) 材料 (Material)(55) 价格 (Price)(56) 规格 (Size)(57) 年龄 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量 (Number)9. 比较 (Comparison)(62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66) 目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)附录4话题项目表1. 个人情况 (Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)5. 学校生活 (School life)6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情 (Emotions)8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物 (Shopping)12. 饮食 (Food and drink)13. 健康 (Health)14. 天气 (Weather)15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17. 语言学习 (Language learning)18. 自然 (Nature)19. 世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)23. 社会 (Society)24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录5词汇表Aa(an)art abandon vability nable aabnormal a aboard prep abolish v abortion nabout ad&prep above prep,a&ad abroad adabrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a&n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a&n academy n accelerate v accent naccept vaccess n&v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v&n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition n acre nacross prepact n&vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation nadd vaddicted a addition n address n adequate aadjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission nadmit v adolescence n adolescent a&n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v&n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise v advocate vaffair naffect vaffection n afford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a&nafter ad,prep&conj afternoon n afterward(s)ad again adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n&vAIDS naim n&vair naircraft nairline nairmail nairplane nairport nairspace nalarm n&valbum nalcohol nalcoholic a&n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a&pron allergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad&prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative a although conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum)n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze v amazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n&v ample aamuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v&n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual a another a&pron answer n&v ant nAntarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron&a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad&a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v&n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v&n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n&v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue v argument narise(arose,arisen)v arithmetic narm n&v armchair narmy naround ad&prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj&prepash n ashamed a Asia n Asian a&n aside adask v asleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v&n attain v attempt v&n attend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a&navoid vawake(awoke,awoken)v&a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a&n background nbackward(s)adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria)n bad(worse,worst)a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n&vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n&vbark v&nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic a basin nbasis nbasket nbasketball nbat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)v beach nbean nbean curd nbear1nbear2vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten)v&n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become)v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun)v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior)n behind prep&adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent)v beneath prepbeneficial abenefit n&vbent a&nbeside prepbesides prep&ad betray vbetween prepbeyond prepbicycle nbid v&nbig a bike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace n biscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten)v bitter ablack a&n blackboard n blame n&vblank n&a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n&vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown)v blue n&aboard n&vboat nbody nboil vbomb n&v bond n&v bone n bonus n book n&v boom n&v boot nbooth n border n bored a boring a born a borrow v boss n botanical a botany n both a&pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v&n bowl n bowling n box n boxing nboy n boycott v brain nbrake n&vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken)v&n breakfast n breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought)v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed,-ed)v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n&abrunch nbrush v&nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built)v building nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed)v&nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness n businessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women)n busy abut conj&prepbutcher n&vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n&vbuy(bought,bought)vby prepbye int Ccab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n&vcalm a&vcamel ncamera ncamp n&v campaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n&vcareful acareless acarpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n&vcassette ncast(cast,cast)v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught)v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n&vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate v celebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter)n central acentre(Am center)n century nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women)n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n&v changeable a channel nchant v&nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a&ncharge v&nchart nchat n&vcheap acheat n&vcheck n&vcheek ncheer n&vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a&n chemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check)n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a&nchild(pl children)n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n&vchoose(chose,chosen)v chopsticks nchorus nChristian n Christmas n church n cigar n cigarette n cinema n circle n&v circuit n circulate v circumstance n circus n citizen ncity ncivil a civilian n civilization n clap vclarify v class n classic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw nclay nclean v&a cleaner n clear aclerk n clever aclick v climate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a&adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin ncoincidence ncoke ncold a&ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color)n&v comb n&vcombine v come(came,come)v comedy ncomfort n comfortable a command n&v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n&a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a&v complex a&n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer nconcentrate v concept n concern v&n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1n content2a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n&a contribute v contribution n control v&n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n&v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n&v corn ncorner n corporation n correct v&a correction n correspond v corrupt a&v cost n&vcosy(Am cozy)a cottage n cotton n&a cough n&v could modal v count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourt n courtyard n cousin ncover n&v cow ncrash v&n crayon ncrazy acream ncreate v creature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria)n crop ncross n&v crossing n crossroads ncrowd n&vcruel acry n&vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n&vcurious acurrency n curriculum n curtain ncushion ncustom ncustomer n customs ncut(cut,cut)v&n cycle vcyclist nDdad=daddy n daily a,ad&n dam ndamage n&v damp a&n dance n&v danger n dangerous a dare v&modal v dark a&n darkness n dash v&ndata n database ndate n&v daughter n dawn nday ndead a deadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n&v debt ndecade n decide v decision n declare vdecline vdecorate v decoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a&addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense)n defend vdegree ndelay n&vdelete v&n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist n department(Dept.)n departure ndepend vdeposit v&ndepth ndescribe v description ndesert v&n deserve vdesign v&ndesire v&ndesk ndesperate adessert n destination n destroy vdetective n determine v develop v development n devote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog)n diamond ndiary ndictation n dictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer vdifference n different adifficult adifficulty ndig(dug,dug)v digest vdigital adignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip vdiploma n direct a&v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish ndisk=disc n dislike vdismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district ndisturb v disturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision n divorce vdizzy ado(did,done)v doctor n document ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor n dormitory(dorm)n dot ndouble a&n doubt n&v down prep&ad download n&v downstairs ad downtown ad,n&a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n&vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn)v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed)n&v dress n&vdrill n&vdrink(drank,drunk)v drive(drove,driven)v driver ndrop n&vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v&aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a&proneager aeagle near nearly a&adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad&nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten)vecology nedge nedition neditor neducate veducation neducator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj&adelder n elect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant nelse ade-mail n&v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor nemploy vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n&vending nendless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy v enjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a&ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire a entrance n entry n envelope n environment n envy v&n equal a&v equality n equip v equipment n eraser nerror nerupt v escape n&v especially ad essay n Europe n European a&n evaluate v even ad evening n event n eventually ad ever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident a evolution nexact aexam=examination n examine v example n excellent aexcept prep exchange n&v excite vexcuse n&v exercise n&v exhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert nexplain v explanation n explicit aexplode vexplore vexport n&v expose vexpress v&n expression n extension nextra a extraordinary a extreme aeye neyesight nFface n&vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v&nfailure nfair1afair2nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen)v fall2(Am)=autumn n false afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v&a fantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest)a&ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a&adfasten vfat n&afather nfault nfavour(Am favor)n favourite(Am favorite)a&n fax n&vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed)vfeel(felt,felt)vfeeling nfellow nfemale a&nfence nferry nfestival n&afetch vfever nfew pron&afibre(Am fiber)nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought)n&v figure n&vfile nfill vfilm n&vfinal afinance nfind(found,found)vfine1afine2vfinger nfingernail nfinish v&nfire n&vfireworks nfirm1nfirm2afish n&vfisherman nfist nfit a&vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight nflat1a flat2nflee(fled,fled)vflesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n&vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2nfocus v&nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n&afollow vfond afood nfool n&vfoolish afoot(pl feet)nfootball nfor prep&conjforbid(forbade,forbidden)v force vforecast n&vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen)v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten)v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven)v fork nform n&vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant aframework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen)v freezing a frequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly a friendship n frighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a&n frontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n&afunction n&v fundamental a funeral nfunny afur nfurnished a furniture nfuture nGgain vgallery ngallon ngame ngarage n garbage n garden ngarlic n garment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a&n generation n generous a gentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture nget(got,got)vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given)v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove n glue ngo(went,gone)vgoal ngoat ngod ngold n&agolden agolf ngood(better,best)a goods ngoose(pl geese)n govern vgovernment ngrade ngradual agraduate vgraduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a&ad greedy agreen a&n greengrocer n greet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray)a grill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown)v growth n guarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit n hair nhaircut nhalf a&nhall nham nhamburger nhammer nhand n&vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n&vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed)v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor)nhard ad&ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n&vharmful aharmony nharvest n&vhat nhatch vhate v&nhave(has,had,had)v he pronhead n&v headache n headline n headmaster n headmistress n health nhealthy ahear(heard,heard)v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight n helicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n&vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pron hesitate vhi int hide(hid,hidden)vhigh a&adhighway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit)v&n hobby nhold(held,held)vhole nholiday nholy ahome n&ad homeland n hometown n homework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor)n&v hook n&vhope n&vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n&vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife n housework nhow adhowever ad&conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a&n human being n humorous a humour(Am humor)n hunger nhungry ahunt vhunter nhurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt)v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea n identity n identification n idiom nif conjignore vill aillegal a illness n imagine v immediately ad immigration n import v&n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep&ad inch n incident n include v income n increase v&n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n&v inform vinformation n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn ninnocent a insect ninsert vinside prep&ad insist vinspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval ninterview n&vinto prepintroduce v introduction ninvent vinvention ninvitation ninvite viron n&virrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry)n job njog vjoin vjoke njournalist njourney njoy njudge n&vjudgement(Am judgment)njuice njump n&vjungle njunior ajust a&adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept)vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v&nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer)n kind1nkind2akindergarten nkindness nking nkingdom n kiss n&vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives)n knock n&vknow(knew,known)v knowledge nLlab=laboratory n labour(Am labor)n lack n&vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n&v language nlantern nlap nlarge alast a&vlate a&adlatter nlaugh n&v laughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer nlay(laid,laid)v lazy alead(led,led)v&n leader nleaf(pl leaves)n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed)vleast nleather nleave(left,left)v lecture nleft a,ad&nleg nlegal alemon n&a lemonade nlend(lent,lent)v length nlesson nlet(let,let)vletter nlevel n liberation n liberty n librarian n library nlicense nlid nlie1n&v lie2(lay,lain)v life(pl lives) n lift v&nlight n,v&a lightning nlike v&prep likely alimit vline n&vlink v&nlion nlip nliquid n&alist n&vlisten v literature n literary alitre(Am liter)n litter vlittle(less,least)a live v&alively aload nloaf nlocal alock n&v lonely along a&ad look n&v loose alorry nlose(lost,lost)vloss nlot nloud alounge nlove n&vlovely alow a&adluck nlucky aluggage nlunch nlung nMmachine nmad amadam/madame n magazine nmagic amaid nmail n&v mailbox nmain amainland nmajor amajority nmake1nmake2(made,made)v male a&nman(pl men)n manage vmanager nmankind nmanner nmany(more,most)pron&a map nmaple nmarathon nmarble nmarch n&vmark n&vmarket nmarriage nmarry vmask n&vmass nmaster v&nmat nmatch v&nmaterial nmathematics=math/maths nmatter n&vmature amaximum a&nmay modal vmaybe adme pronmeal nmean(meant,meant)v meaning n。