讲解英语构词法讲解及练习[1]

-ed surprised, balanced, talented, amused -ing interesting, outstanding, amusing
4.动词变形容词
-al
traditional, international, natural
5. 名词、形容词变动词：
-ify
beautify, simplify -ize realize -en quicken, widen, lengthen, sharpen (使变快）（加宽）（加长）（使变尖
表达
wrong
S
subtitle
副标题
subway
地铁
百度文库
总是
always graduation sideways n graduate
mistaken n mistake
误解
underway
地下通道
underground
地下的
misunderstand
root
understand
大学生
undergraduate
independent
独立的
root
depend
adj O
dependable possible education n
残疾的
incorrect
O
不可能的
impossible
disable n disability possibility expression
correct
S
n
correction 教育
7. It was obvious that all this information was far from enough to ___________ (satisfaction) him. satisfy 8. Jane has never liked meat, and has always had preference (preferable) for vegetables and a ___________ fruit. hopeful 9. We are ___________ (hope) that we shall win the championship. 10. You may find this hard to believe, but it is undoubtedly __________ (undoubted) true. seller 11. A man who sells things is called a ________ (selling). complaints 12. The managers listened to the ___________ (complain) from the customers patiently.
原来把某些词合在一起又是另一个词， 英语单词不过这样嘛，看来我只要 稍微留意一下那些有关联的的词，注意 观察一下，就会认识更多哦！ E g: cowboy, blackboard, post office, bus stop等。
2. 派生 :
是通过在词根上加前缀或者后 缀构成一个新词。
Happy---------------------unhappy
black+ board= blackboard (形容词+名词) 复合形容词 warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的
good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的
world +wide= worldwide 世界性的 hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的 world+ famous=world-famous 闻名于世的
但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义：
Kingdom: “职位、状态” freedom Boyhood: “身份，资格” childhood Friendship:情态\状态\性质\身份\职业\技巧\技 能” leadership, hardship Spoonful：构成名词mouthful(满口,一口), handful(一把)
转化法（Conversion）
taste
n. 味道
It has a good taste.
v.尝起来 It tastes very good.
record
Liu Xiang Broke the 100m n.记录 Hurdles World Record . v. 记录 He lies to record something while reading a book.
trans-(横过，通过，超越，进入)
transplant,
transatlantic （横渡大西洋的
(G)表示两个,双边的前缀： bi- bicolor ( 双色的), bicycle (H)表示相互, 交互, 在一起的前缀 inter—interview, international, internet (I)表示又,再,重新的前缀 re—review, return, rewrite (J)表示远的前缀 tele– telephone, television
amuse ---------- amusement
mis- 错误的
前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造 成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类 的变化。
understand
v. 理解 read-----------misread 理解 误解 dis- 不 agree
→ misunderstand → v. 误解
UN( United Nations) ID( identification) USA( United States of America)
careful 1. If he had been __________(care), he would not have fallen from the ladder. doubtful 2. It is ________(doubt) whether he will come. 3. My house is in a very quiet street, so I can disturbance work here without any _____________(disturb). simultaneously 4. Thunder and lightning happen ______________ (simultaneous). 5. The weather was good except for an occasional _________ (occasion) shower. silently 6. Seeing that he was working ____________ (silence) in the room, I left on tiptoe at once.
名词后缀补充:
-ist ( 人, 名词后缀)
scientist, terrorist
-ese( 民族,语言,名词后缀)
Chinese, Japanese
2.形容词变名词
-ness
-ity
happiness, meanness, carelessness ability, possibility
3.名词变形容词： -y windy, rainy, healthy, funny, cloudy -ish foolish, feverish -some handsome, troublesome -ous dangerous, humorous -ful helpful, careful, peaceful, colorful -less homeless, helpless, careless
3. 转化 : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。 单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联 系密切. water n. 水 ------ water vt. 浇水 常见的转化形式两种：
动词 --- 名词
名词 --- 动词 形容词---动词
动词----名词 stop v. 停止 --- n.车站 love v. 爱 --- n. 爱 watch v. 观看 --- n. 手表 look v. 看 ----have a look n. 看 walk v. 散步,走---take a walk n.散步 love v. 爱--- your love n. 爱
(E).表示时间的前缀 preprewar postpostwar fore-(前，预先)
foretell, forecast, foresee, weather forecast
(F).表示方位的前缀： subsubway, submarine interinternational, interclass(年级之间的）
名词 ---- 动词
hand n. 手 seat n. 座位 --- vt. 上交 --vt. 坐
nurse n. 护士
oil n. 油 time n. 时间 ---
-----
vt. 护理
vt. 上油
vt. 定时，测时
show n. 展览,展示—vt. 表演,演出
形容词----动词 slow( adj. 慢的)---slow ( v. 放慢) open (adj. 开着的)—open( v.开)
examination--exam
另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组 成. CD ( compact disk)
CCTV( China Central Television)
NBA (National Basketball Association)
UFO( unidentified flying object)
→ disagree v.同意 → v.不同意
后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不 造成意思的变化。
care v. 照料 --- careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作 --- worker n. 工人
常见的前缀
(A)表示否定的前缀：
un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree, disappear im-impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前) (B).表示错误或失当的前缀: mis-misunderstand, misdirect(误导) dis- agree → disagree
复合动词:
over + come = overcome克服
复合代词:
(副词+动词)
everyone, somebody, anything, nobody
( 不定代词+名词) 复合副词: down+ stairs = downstairs在楼下( 形容词+名词) whole+ heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神贯注地 (副词+副词)
常见的后缀
1.动词变名词： -tion education, invitation, prediction -ment development, amusement, disappointment -er teacher, worker, runner, singer -or visitor, sailor, tutor, actor
root
４. 缩写和简写 : 缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩 短法)主要采取: “截头”, “去尾” 或者 “既截头又去尾”的方法生成 telephone---phone 新词.
airplane—plane laboratory-lab mathematics--math advertisement—ad
(C).表示向背的前缀: pro-(亲，支持) pro-Chinese, pro-American anti-（阻止，抗） antiwar, anti-Japanese war
(D).表示程度、大小的前缀 supersuperstar,supermarket, superman, superpower overoverhead, overeat, overuse miniminibus, miniskirt, mini-car underunderground, underestimate semi-(半，部分) semicircle, semiskilled,
英语构词法
合成词
pain-killer
Compound
＋
＝
sleep-walk
＋
＝
sleep-walker
color- blind
＋
＝
英语构词法种类
英语构词法主要有三种： 合成、派生与转化。
另外缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。
１. 合成 :
有两个或更多的词合成一个词。
复合名词
class + room = classroom (名词+名词)