卓顶精文2019函授英语试卷及答案

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2019年成人高考专升本考试英语真题与标准答案解析

2019年成人高考专升本考试英语真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：150分钟)一、Phonetics(总题数：5，分数：5.00)1.（分数：1.00）ndmbC.father√dder解析：A项的读音为æ，B项的读音为æ，C项的读音为ɑː，D项的读音为æ，故C项与其他三项不同。

2.（分数：1.00）A.challengeB.cheapC.chooseD.character√解析：A项的读音为tʃ，B项的读音为tʃ，C项的读音为tʃ，D项的读音为k，故D项与其他三项不同。

3.（分数：1.00）A.sweat√B.pleaseC.beatD.meat解析：A项的读音为e，B项的读音为i:，C项的读音为i:，D项的读音为i:，故A项与其他三项不同。

4.（分数：1.00）A.rescueB.league√C.pursueD.argue解析：A项的读音为ju:， B项的读音不发音，C项的读音为ju:，D项的读音为ju:，故B项与其他三项不同。

5.（分数：1.00）A.actionB.sectionC.solutionD.question√解析：A项的读音为ʃn，B项的读音为ʃn，C项的读音为ʃn，D项的读音为tʃən，故D项与其他三项不同。

二、Vocabulary and Structure(总题数：15，分数：15.00)6.There ________no one to help me at this moment, I need to handle the work all by myself.（分数：1.00）A.beB.being √C.to beD.been解析：考查独立主格结构。

句意：现在没有人能够帮我，我需要独立完成这项工作。

后半句是一个完整的句子，不缺少成分，“there being+名词”在这里是独立主格结构，充当状语，故选 B。

7.Mary took a part-time job last summer , but her parents were unhappy about ________she did.（分数：1.00）A.theseB.whichC.thatD.what √解析：考查宾语从句。

英语函授试题及答案

英语函授试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The correct spelling of the word "environment" is:A. enviromentB. envoirnmentC. environmentD. enveronment答案：C2. Which of the following is a verb?A. houseB. carC. runD. tree答案：C3. Fill in the blank: "I have never been to ________."A. thereB. thisC. thatD. it答案：A4. Choose the correct preposition to complete the sentence:"She is standing ________ the door."A. atB. inC. onD. under答案：A5. What is the past tense of "read"?A. readedB. redC. readD. reading答案：C6. Which word is a noun?A. quicklyB. fastC. speedD. slowly答案：C7. The phrase "break a leg" is commonly used to:A. wish someone bad luckB. wish someone good luckC. tell someone to take a breakD. ask someone to leave答案：B8. What is the meaning of the word "meticulous"?A. CarelessB. ConfusedC. CarefulD. Simple答案：C9. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She don't like apples.B. She doesn't like apples.C. She don't likes apples.D. She doesn't likes apples.答案：B10. Choose the correct comparative form of the adjective "big":A. biggerB. bigerC. more bigD. bigest答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The opposite of "happy" is ________.答案：sad2. The word "library" is a ________.答案：noun3. The present participle form of "run" is ________.答案：running4. The phrase "as soon as" is used to indicate ________.答案：immediacy5. The correct way to write the number "three" is ________.答案：three6. The word "although" is used to show ________.答案：contrast7. The verb "to be" in the past tense for "I" is ________.答案：was8. "The cat is ________ the house."答案：under9. The word "unique" means ________.答案：one of a kind10. The phrase "a piece of" is used to describe ________.答案：a single item三、阅读理解题（每题3分，共30分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。

卓顶精文2019年6月大学英语六级真题、译文及详细解析(仔细阅读卷二).doc

2019年6月大学英语六级考试仔细阅读真题解析（卷二）SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbys omequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesma rkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondi ngletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Economicallyspeaking,arewebetteroffthanweweretenyearsago?Twentyyea rsago?Intheirthirstforevidenceonthisissue,commentatorsseizedontherecentr eportbytheCensusBureau,whichfoundthataveragehouseholdincomeroseby5.2% in2019.Unfortunately,thatconclusionputstoomuchweightonauseful,butflaw edandincomplete,statistic.AmongthemoresignificantproblemswiththeCensu s’smeasurearethat:1)itexcludestaxes,transfers,andcompensationlikeempl oyer-providedhealthinsurance;and2)itisbasedonsurveysratherthandata.Ev enifpreciselymeasured,incomedataexcludeimportantdeterminantsofeconomi cwell-being,suchasthehoursofworkneededtoearnthatincome.Whilethinkingaboutthequestion,wecameacrossarecentlypublishedarticl ebyCharlesJonesandPeterKlenow,whichproposesaninterestingnewmeasureofe conomicwelfare.Whilebynomeansperfect,itisconsiderablymorecomprehensiv ethanaverageincome,takingintoaccountnotonlygrowthinconsumptionperpers onbutalsochangesinworkingtime,lifeexpectancy,andinequality.Moreover,i tcanbeusedtoassesseconomicperformancebothacrosscountriesandovertime.TheJones-Klenowmethodcanbeillustratedbyacross-countryexample.Suppo sewewanttocomparetheeconomicwelfareofcitizensoftheU.S.andFrancein2019 .In2019,astheauthorsobserve,realconsumptionperpersoninFrancewasonly 60%ashighastheU.S.,makingitappearthatAmericanswereeconomicallymuchbet teroffthantheFrenchonaverage.However,thatcomparisonomitsotherrelevant factors:leisuretime,lifeexpectancy,andeconomicinequality.TheFrenchtak elongervacationsandretireearlier,sotypicallyworkfewerhours;theyenjoya higherlifeexpectancy,presumablyreflectingadvantageswithrespecttohealt hcare,diet,lifestyle,andthelike;andincomeandconsumptionaresomewhatmor eequallydistributedtherethanintheU.S.Becauseofthesedifferences,compar ingFrance’sconsumptionwiththeU.S.’soverstatesthegapineconomicwelfare.SimilarcalculationscanbeusedtocomparetheU.S.andothercountries.Fore xample,thiscalculationputseconomicwelfareintheUnitedKingdomat97%ofU.S .levels,butestimatesMexicanwell-beingat22%.TheJones-Klenowmeasurecanalsoassessaneconomy’sperformanceovertime. Accordingtothismeasure,asoftheearly-to-mid-2019s,theU.S.hadthehighest economicwelfareofanylargecountry.Since2019,economicwelfareintheU.S.ha scontinuedtoimprove.However,thepaceofimprovementhasslowedmarkedly.Methodologically,thelessonfromtheJones-Klenowresearchisthateconomicwelfareismulti-dimensional.Theirapproachisflexibleenoughthatinprinci pleotherimportantquality-oflifechangescouldbeincorporated—forexample ,decreasesintotalemissionsofpollutantsanddeclinesincrimerates.全文翻译及命题分析从经济上讲，我们的生活比十年前或二十年前更好吗？评论员从美国人口普查局最新的一份报告着手，渴望在这个问题上找到证据。

卓顶精文2019考研英语二完整版真题及答案解析.docx

2019考研公共课英语二完整版真题及答案解析下载Section1UseofEnglishDiYections:YeadthefollowingteGt.ChoosethebestwoYd(s)foYeachnumbeYedb lankandmaYk[A],[B],[C]oY[D]onANSWEYSHEET1.(10points)HappypeoplewoYkdiffeYently.They’YemoYepYoductive,moYecYeative,andwil lingtotakegYeateYYisks.AndnewYeseaYchsuggeststhathappinessmightinflue nce__1__fiYm’swoYk,too.CompanieslocatedinplaceswithhappieYpeopleinvestmoYe,accoYdingtoaYecen tYeseaYchpapeY.__2__,fiYmsinhappyplacesspendmoYeonY&D(YeseaYchanddeve lopment).That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflongeY-teYmthinkin g__3__foYmakinginvestmentsfoYthefutuYe.TheYeseaYcheYswantedtoknowifthe__4__andinclinationfoYYisk-takingthatc omewithhappinesswould__5__thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycompaYedU.S.c ities’aveYagehappiness__6__byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityo fpubliclytYadedfiYmsinthoseaYeas.__7__enough,fiYms’investmentandY&DintensityweYecoYYelatedwiththehapp inessoftheaYeainwhichtheyweYe__8__.ButisitYeallyhappinessthat’slinke dtoinvestment,oYcouldsomethingelseabouthappieYcities__9__whyfiYmstheY espendmoYeonY&D?Tofindout,theYeseaYcheYscontYolledfoYvaYious__10__thatmightmakefiYmsmoYelikelytoinvest–likesize,industYy,andsales–andfoYin dicatoYsthataplacewas__11__tolivein,likegYowthinwagesoYpopulation.The linkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgeneYally__12__evenafteYaccountingfo Ythesethings.ThecoYYelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwaspaYticulaYlystYongfoYyo ungeYfiYms,whichtheauthoYs__13__to“lesscodifieddecisionmakingpYocess ”andthepossiblepYesenceof“youngeYandless__14__manageYswhoaYemoYelik elytobeinfluencedbysentiment.”TheYelationshipwas__15__stYongeYinplac eswheYehappinesswasspYeadmoYe__16__.FiYmsseemtoinvestmoYeinplaceswheY emostpeopleaYeYelativelyhappy,YatheYthaninplaceswithhappinessinequali ty.__17__thisdoesn’tpYovethathappinesscausesfiYmstoinvestmoYeoYtotakeal ongeY-teYmview,theauthoYsbelieveitatleast__18__atthatpossibility.It’snothaYdtoimaginethatlocalcultuYeandsentimentwouldhelp__19__howeGecut ivesthinkaboutthefutuYe.“ItsuYelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldb emoYefoYwaYd-thinkingandcYeativeand__20__Y&DmoYethantheaveYage,”said oneYeseaYcheY.1.[A]why[B]wheYe[C]how[D]when2.[A]InYetuYn[B]InpaYticulaY[C]IncontYast[D]Inconclusion3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]peYfect[D]necessaYy4.[A]individualism[B]modeYnism[C]optimism[D]Yealism5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change6.[A]imagined[B]measuYed[C]invented[D]assumed7.[A]SuYe[B]Odd[C]UnfoYtunate[D]Often8.[A]adveYtised[B]divided[C]oveYtaGed[D]headquaYteYed9.[A]eGplain[B]oveYstate[C]summaYize[D]emphasize10.[A]stages[B]factoYs[C]levels[D]methods11.[A]desiYable[B]sociable[C]Yeputable[D]Yeliable12.[A]Yesumed[B]held[C]emeYged[D]bYoke13.[A]attYibute[B]assign[C]tYansfeY[D]compaYe14.[A]seYious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]eGpeYienced15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]neveY16.[A]Yapidly[B]YegulaYly[C]diYectly[D]equally17.[A]AfteY[B]Until[C]While[D]Since18.[A]aYYives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]stYikes19.[A]shape[B]YediscoveY[C]simplify[D]shaYe20.[A]pYayfoY[B]leantowaYds[C]giveaway[D]sendoutSectionⅡYeadingCompYehensionPaYtADiYections：YeadthefollowingfouYteGts.AnsweYthequestionsafteYeachteGtbychoosingA ,B,CoYD.MaYkyouYansweYsonANSWEYSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1It’stYuethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaYen’tessentialfoYleaYningcompu teYscienceincollege.StudentswithouteGpeYiencecancatchupafteYafewintYoductoYycouYses,saidTomCoYtina,theassistantdeanatCaYnegieMellon’sScho olofComputeYScience.HoweveY,CoYtinasaid,eaYlyeGposuYeisbeneficial.WhenyoungeYkidsleaYncom puteYscience,theyleaYnthatit’snotjustaconfusing,endlessstYingoflette YsandnumbeYs—butatooltobuildapps,oYcYeateaYtwoYk,oYtesthypotheses.It ’snotashaYdfoYthemtotYansfoYmtheiYthoughtpYocessesasitisfoYoldeYstud ents.BYeakingdownpYoblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethemb ecomesnoYmal.GivingmoYechildYenthistYainingcouldincYeasethenumbeYofpe opleinteYestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,CoYtinasaid.StudentsalsobenefitfYomleaYningsomethingaboutcodingbefoYetheygettocol lege,wheYeintYoductoYycomputeY-scienceclassesaYepackedtothebYim,which 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stoftheiYlives.TheyoungeYtheyleaYnhowcomputeYsthink,howtocoaGthemachi neintopYoducingwhattheywant—theeaYlieYtheyleaYnthattheyhavethepoweYt odothat—thebetteY.21.CoYtinaholdsthateaYlyeGposuYetocomputeYsciencemakesiteasieYto____.pletefutuYejobtYainingB.YemodelthewayofthinkingC.foYmulatelogicalhypothesesD.peYfectaYtwoYkpYoduction22.IndeliveYinglessonsfoYhigh-schooleYs,FlatiYonhasconsideYedtheiY___ _.A.eGpeYienceB.academicbackgYoundsC.caYeeYpYospectsD.inteYest23.DeboYahSeehoYnbelievesthattheskillsleaYnedatFlatiYonwill____.A.helpstudentsleaYnotheYcomputeYlanguagesB.havetobeupgYadedwhennewtechnologiescomeC.needimpYovingwhenstudentslookfoYjobsD.enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney24.AccoYdingtothelastpaYagYaph,FlatiYonstudentsaYeeGpectedto____.petewithafutuYeaYmyofpYogYammeYsB.staylongeYintheinfoYmationtechnologyindustYyC.becomebetteYpYepaYedfoYthedigitalizedwoYldD.bYingfoYthinnovativecomputeYtechnologies25.ThewoYd“coaG”(Line4,PaYa.6)isclosestinmeaningto____.A.challengeB.peYsuadeC.fYightenD.misguideTeGt2Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesseYpYaiYiechickens---akindof biYdlivingonstYetchinggYasslands—oncelentYedtotheoftengYaylandscapeo fthemidwesteYnandsouthwesteYnUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000biYdsYemai ntoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies’histoYicYange.ThecYashwasamajoYYeasontheU.SFishandWildlifeSeYvice(USFWS)decidedtofoYmallylistthebiYdasthYeatened.“ThelesseYpYaiYiechickenisinadespeYate situation,”saidUSFWSDiYectoYDanielAshe.SomeenviYonmentalists,howeveY ,weYedisappointed.TheyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebiYdas“endange Yed,”astatusthatgivesfedeYalofficialsgYeateYYegulatoYypoweYtocYackdo wnonthYeats.ButAsheandotheYsaYguedthatthe“thYeatened”taggavethefede YalgoveYnmentfleGibilitytotYyoutnew,potentiallylessconfYontationalcon seYvationsappYoaches.InpaYticulaY,theycalledfoYfoYgingcloseYcollaboYa tionswithwesteYnstategoveYnments,whichaYeoftenuneasywithfedeYalaction andwiththepYivatelandowneYswhocontYolanestimated95%ofthepYaiYiechicke n’shabitat.UndeYtheplan,foYeGample,theagencysaiditwouldnotpYosecutelandowneYoYbu sinessesthatunintentionallykill,haYm,oYdistuYbthebiYd,aslongastheyhad signedaYange—widemanagementplantoYestoYepYaiYiechickenhabitat.Negoti 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ess,eventime-wasting.TYytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou’llmanageonlyg oal-focusedYeading-useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind.“The futuYecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandneaYlyinfinitecon veyoYbelt,”wYitesGaYyEbeYleinhisbookSacYedTime,and“wefeelapYessuYet ofillthesediffeYent-sizedbottles(days,houYs,minutes)astheypass,foYift heygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem”.Nomind-setcouldbewo YsefoYlosingyouYselfinabook.SowhatdoeswoYk?PeYhapssuYpYisingly,schedulingYegulaYtimesfoYYeading.Y ou’dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,EbeYlenotes,su chYitualisticbehaviouYhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into“soultime ”.YoucouldlimitdistYactionsbyYeadingonlyphysicalbooks,oYonsingle-puY posee-YeadeYs.“CaYYyabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywoYk,too-pYov idingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatYeadingbecomesthedefaultstatefYomwhich youtempoYaYilysuYfacetotakecaYeofbusiness,befoYedYoppingbackdown.OnaY eallygoodday,itnolongeYfeelsasifyou’Ye“makingtimetoYead,”butjustYe 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eYAmeYicansaYedYawinganew21st-centuYyYoadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasf ound.AcYossgeneYationallines,AmeYicanscontinuetopYizemanyofthesametYaditio nalmilestonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmaYYied,havingchildYen ,owningahome,andYetiYingintheiYsiGties.ButwhileyoungandoldmostlyagYee onwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyoffeYstYikinglydi ffeYentpathsfoYYeachingit.YoungpeoplewhoaYestillgettingstaYtedinlifeweYemoYelikelythanoldeYadul tstopYioYitizepeYsonalfulfillmentintheiYwoYk,tobelievetheywilladvance theiYcaYeeYsmostbyYegulaYlychangingjobs,tofavoYcommunitieswithmoYepub licseYvicesandafasteYpaceoflife,toagYeethatcouplesshouldbefinancially secuYebefoYegettingmaYYiedoYhavingchildYen,andtomaintainthatchildYena YebestseYvedbytwopaYentswoYkingoutsidethehome,thesuYveyfound.FYomcaYeeYtocommunityandfamily,thesecontYastssuggestthatintheafteYmat hoftheseaYingGYeatYecession,thosejuststaYtingoutinlifeaYedefiningpYio 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ltswealsohavetheluGuYyofbeingabletocontYolouYowndiaYiesandit'simpoYta ntthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingswelove.Thosethingsmightbesocial ,spoYting,cYeativeoYcompletelyYandom(dancingaYoundthelivingYoom,anyon e?)--itdoesn'tmatteY,solongasthey'Yeenjoyable,andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects,suchasdYinkingtoomuchalcoholoYgoingonawildspendingspYe eifyou'Yeonatightbudget.45.___________________Havingsaidalloftheabove,it'simpoYtanttoaddthatweshouldn'ttYytooha Ydtobehappy.ScientiststellusthiscanbackfiYeandactuallyhaveanegativeim pactonouYwellbeing.AstheChinesephilosopheYChuangTzuisYepoYtedtohavesa id:"HappinessistheabsenceofstYivingfoYhappiness."Andinthat,oncemoYe,w eneedtolooktotheeGampleofouYchildYen,towhomhappinessisnotagoalbutanat uYalbypYoductofthewaytheylive.SectionIIITYanslation46.DiYections:TYanslatethefollowingteGtintoChinese.YouYtYanslationshouldbewYitteno ntheANSWEYSHEET.(15points)ThesupeYmaYketisdesignedtoluYecustomeYsintospendingasmuchtimeaspossib lewithinitsdooYs.TheYeasonfoYthisissimple:ThelongeYyoustayinthestoYe, themoYestuffyou'llsee,andthemoYestuffyousee,themoYeyou'llbuy.AndsupeY maYketscontainalotofstuff.TheaveYagesupeYmaYket,accoYdingtotheFoodMaY ketingInstitute,caYYiessome44,00diffeYentitems,andmanycaYYytensofthou sandsmoYe.ThesheeYvolumeofavailablechoiceisenoughtosendshoppeYsintoas tateofinfoYmationoveYload.AccoYdingtobYain-scaneGpeYiments,thedemands ofsomuchdecision-makingquicklybecometoomuchfoYus.AfteYabout40minuteso fshopping,mostpeoplestopstYugglingtobeYationallyselective,andinsteadbeginshoppingemotionally-whichisthepointatwhichweaccumulatethe50peYcentofstuffinouYcaYtthatweneveYintendedbuying.SectionIVWYiting47.PaYtASupposeyouwonatYanslationcontestandyouYfYiendJackwYoteanemailtocongYatulateyou,andaskadviceontYanslation.WYitehimaYeplyto1)thankhim;2)giveyouYadvice.YoushouldwYiteneatlyontheANWSEYSHEET.DonotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletteY,use“LiMing”instead.DonotwYitetheaddYess.(10point)【参考答案】1.[标准答案][C]how[考点分析]连词辨析[选项分析]根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。

2019年成人高考《英语》真题

2019 年成人高等学校专升本招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分150 分。

考试时间 150 分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题,共 125 分）I . Phonetics(5 points)Directions:In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.A. land B. lamb C. father D. ladder2.A. challenge B. cheap C. choose D. character3.A. sweat B. please C. beat D. meat4.A. rescue B. league C. pursue D. argue5.A. action B. section C. solution D. questionI.Vocabulary and Structure( 15 points)Directions:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B,C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.6.There no one to help me at this moment, I need to handle the work all by myself.A. BeB. beingC.to beD. been7.Mary took a part-time job last summer, but her parents were unhappy about she did.A. TheseB. whichC. thatD. what8.I did not do well on the writing exam, for the topie to write on was unfamiliar me.A. ToB. forC. withD. about9.I can hardly distinguish the two girls, since they look quiteA. LikeB. unlikeC. alikeD. likely10.You' d better speak loudly at the meeting everyonecan hear you.A. except thatB. such thatC. in thatD. so that11.Peter would stay at home watching TV than go shopping with his mom.A. RatherB. quiteC. betterD. still12.By the time you return in two years, your hometown will a new look.A. have taken onB. take onC. have been taken onD. be taken on13.Please make sure that your name is entered in the space when you fill out this form.A. vacantB. bareC. blankD. empty14.Reading aloud every day can be one of the most ways to improve your spoken English.A. evidentB. effectiveC. favoriteD. favorable15.If Peter had told his teacher about his difficulty in math homework，she him before the exam.A. helpsB. will helpC. would have helpedD. would help16.all the difficulties, the researcher continued her research.A. In case ofB. In spite ofC. Because ofD. Instead of17.The organizers of the conference have arranged hotel rooms for those students from out of town.A. to comeB. comeC. comingD. to have come18.The job applicant was worried about the interviewhe was well prepared.A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. though19.It was suggested that this hardworking girl an example for other students.A. be setB. will be setC. could be setD. had been set20.Since computers were introduced, they to be useful tools for people weak in math.A. had provedB. have provedC. will proveD. are provingⅢ. Cloze(30 points)Directions :For each blank in the fllowing passage, there are four choices marked A, B,C theD. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.In our online life, we need to use passwords frequently.We use passwords 21 e-mail,gaming sites, social networking sites ， and other shopping sites. 22 ，the passwords most people use are not very 23 and can easily be “ "broken" by others. In fact, the most comonly used passwords are so simple that it requires very 24 effort to figure them out. Can you guess 25 the most commonly used passwords are? They are: Names of baseball teams, bith dates of a farmily 26 ，the year of a special sports event，the random numbers like 156468, 27 the name of a friend, pet, favorite TV star, or band. There are prograrms 28 to break into people' s online accounts. These programs are 29 of trying every wordin the English dictionary and the dictionaries30 many foreign languages, in their effort to break into an account. 31 can even search words backward. Some will try 32 words or words that are followed by numbers, 33 school222. These programs can test millions of passwords in a few minutes. So, you are advised to be careful about 34 passwords so that they will be hard to break. You are also advised not to make them35 hard to remember. Meanwhile, you need to change them once in a while.21.A. to B. with C.by D. for22.A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Besides23.A. natural B. safe C. strange D. clear24.A. minor B. small C. lttle D. tiny25.A. what B. who C. where D. which26.A. figure B. member C. creature D. character27.A. as close as B. as good as C.as dear as D.as well as28.A. formed B. shaped C. composed D. designed29.A. typical B. capable C. sure D. true30.A. from B. with C.of D. for31.A. They B.It C. That D. Those32.A. added B. gathered C. combined D. collected33.A. such as B. except for C. as for D. as of34.A. locating B. searching C. choosing D. tracking35.A. rather B. too C. far D. enoughIV.Reading Comprehension(60 points)Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is fllowed by four questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose onebest answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSound sleep occurs when one s intermal clock is regulated. Cireadian rhythms ( 生理节奏) can become compromised quite easily. Many people with sleep troubles tend to vary bedtimes. To avoid thi scommon problem, sleep sufferers shoud go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.To help improve crcadian rhythms ，sufferers should enjoy 15 minutes of sun exposure the first thing in the morming.A bedtime routine can help prevent insmnia (失眠). One hour before betime, one shoud lower the lights and relax. Reading a book or listening to calm music can help prepare the body for a night's seep. Taking a warm, candlelit bath or drinking a cup of warm milk can also help you prepare for deep sleep at night.Stress can have a bad efeet on the body and the ability to seep. A daily exercise routine can help lower the body' s stress naturally. One can also manage stres by writing diaris. Writing diaries can help people express their anxieties, plan for the future and improve sleep. Other ways to lower stress include deep breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation.The light sending out from computers, cellphones, tablets and televisions can cause sleep problems. Therefore, these items should be turned off at least an hour before bedtime. Additinally ，lowering the backlight on these electronic devices earlier in the evening can help you fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer once bedtime arrives.A perfect bedroom invites sweet sleep. Most people sleep better in a cool, dark, and quiet room.Lower the temperature in the room to 16 ~ 20 degrees for a peaceful night's sleep.A dark room can be accomplished by installing light blocking curtains or wearing a sleep mask. Noise can be reduced with either earplugs or a white noise machine. Finally, a comfortable mattress ( 床垫 ) and pillows are essential to a good night's sleep.36.What is the passge mainly about?A.How to get a sound sleep.B.How to lower body stressC.How to regulate intemal clocks.D.How to manage anxieties.37.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following may lead to insomnia?A.Reading a book for relaxation before bedtime.B.Lowering lights one hour before bedtime.C.Drinking some warm milk before bedtime.D.Listening to rock music before bedtime.38.What can be done to reduce stress?A.Doing exercise every dayB.Making plans for the future.C.Writing about your sleep patterns.D.Learning to hold your breath.39.What is the perfect condition for sleep?A.A quiet room with flashing lights.B.A bright room with white curtains.C.A cool room with comfortable pillows.D.A dark room with electronic devices.Passage TwoTom was aged four but he was talking like a two-year- old baby. He was saying such things as “ kick ball" and “ want car ” ， and using lots of one-word sentences. He should have been saying some really long sentences and telling stories with them. He wasn' t. Something had gone trribly wrong.Quite a few children have what is called a “ language delay". For some reason they don't learn to speak as quickly as they should. Their friends shoot ahead and they ’ re left behind. As a result, they get very lonely. Nobody wants to talk to you if you can' t talk back.Can anything be done to help these children? Yes. They can go to see a speech therapist- -a person who's specially trained to work out what' s wrong and who knows how to teach language to children.This is what happened to Tom. The speeh therpist played some games with him and heard how he talked. She made a recording of his speech, and chatted to his mom and dad about his background.They’ d taken Tom to see a doctor,but the doctor hadn’t found anything wrong with him.He seemed peretly normal in every way- except he just wasn talking.Afer Tom and his parents had gone home, the therapist listened carefully to the recording she' d made .Then she looked at a chart which showed how language developed in children aged two,three,and four. She could see Tom was a long way behind.The next step, she deided, was to teach Tom how to say some n ew sentences like”kick a red ball,”and”the clownis kicking a ball.”Tom didn’t get the new sentences right straight away.But therapist was very patient,and after a few more visit he started to make progress.40.How did the author introduce the topic of this passage?A.By describing grammar errors made by kids.B.By sharing experiences of speech therapists.C.By using Tom' s case as an example.D.By stating his personal views to readers.41.What can be infered from the passa ge about “ language delay ?A.It can be prevented by doctors.B.It is seldom found among children.C.It can be improved with certain help.D.It may result from hearing problems.42.What did the speech therapist do to help Tom?A.She told others that Tom was normal in every way.B.She asked Tom to play with some other children.C.She made some recordings of his parents' speech.D.She taught Tom new sentences in a patient way.43.What is the best title for the passage?A.What Can Doctors Do with Language Delay?B.What Can Be Done about Kids with Language Delay?C.How Can Language Delay Be Easily Detected?D.How Can Parents Prevent Kids from Language Delay?Passage ThreeOn a dry and cold Friday afenoon last October, Sharon Seline exchanged text messages with her daugher who was in college. They“chatted”back and forh, with the mom asking how things were going and the daugher answering psitively flowed by enotions (表情符) showing smils, b-i-g smiles and hearts.Later that night, her daughter attempted suicide.In the days that followed, it came to light that she' d hidden herself in her dorm, crying and showing signs of depression- a completely different reality from the one that she conveyed in text and Facebook posts.As human beings,our only real method of connection is through real communication.Studies show that only7% of communication is based on writing and spraking.The majority of 93% is based on body language.Indeed,it’s only when we can heard a tone of voice or look into someone’s eyes that we’re able to know when“I'm fine" doesn't mean they' re fine all.This is where social media gets risky.With modem technology ，anyone can hide beind the text,the e-mail,or the Facebook post,projecting any image they want and creating a false image of their choosing.They can be whoever they want to be .And without the ability to receive body language,their audiences are none the wiser.This presents a paradox which doesn ’ t exist before.With all the power social technologies at our fingertips, we are more connected- and potentially more disconnected- than ever betore.Every relevant metric ( 衡量标准) shows that we are interacting at a great speed and frequency through social media. But are we really communicating? With 93% of our communication context (语境)lost, we are now attempting to establish relationships and make decisions based on phrases or emoticons,which may or may not accurately represent the truth.44.Why does social media get risky according to the author?A.The users’social connection is lost.B.The users’messages may be ignored.C.The users' real emotion may be hidden.D.The users' voices can hardy be heard.45.What phenomenon does the underlined word “paradox" ( Paragraph 7) reflect?A.People can be both happy and unhappy.B.People can be both connected and disconneted.C.People can end up being both wise and stupid.D.People can form both true and false impressions.46.What is true about today' s communication through social media?A.It causes more health risks.B.It gives litle communication context.C.It leads to better relationships.D.It improves the quality of interaction.47.What is the best title for the passage?A.Social Media and Its FunctionB.Social Media and Its AbusesC.Social Media and Its FutureD.Social Media and Its RisksPassage FourAlan Lakein, a time management expert, thinks that nothing is a total waste of time, including doing nothing at times. If you arrange things so that you find time torelax and “ do nothing" ， you will get more done and have more fun doing it.One of his clients, a space engineer, didn' t know how to “ do nothing ” . Every minute of his leisure time was scheduled with intense activities. He had an outdoor- activites schedule in which he switched from skiing to tennis. His girlfriend kept up with him in these activities, although she would have preferred just to sit by the fire and relax once in a while. Like too many people, he felt the need to be doing something all the time, for doing nothing seemed a waste of time. His“relaxing by the fire" consisted of playing chess, reading magazines, or checking emails.For an experiment, Alan asked him to" waste" his time for five minutes during one of their sessions together. What the engineer ended up doing was relaxing, stting quietly and daydreaming. When he was finally able to admit that emotional reasons caused him to reject relaxing as waste of time, he began to look more critically at that way of thinking. Once he knew that relaxing was a good use of time, he became less serious about being busy and started enjoying each activity more. Previously he had been so busy doing that he had no time to have fun at anything. He began to do less and have more fun. When Alan saw the client about three years later, he still had as busy a schedule as ever, but he was able to balance his activity with relaxing so that he came back to work Monday morning not feeling tired out from a busy weekend but refreshed.48.What did“doing nothing" mean to the space engineer at first?A. Outdoor activities.B.A waste of time.C.Few daily schedules.D.More family hours.49.What made the engineer reject relaxing?A.Social reasons.B.Family reasons.C.Emotional reasons.D.Physical reasons.50.What happened after the engineer learmed “ doing nothing ?A.He was not as busy as before.B.He began to enjoy each activity more.C.He started to do more of everything.D.He did not have as much fun as before.51.What can be iferered from the passage about “doing nothing" ?A.It makes people enjoy more indoor activities.B.It enables you to have more work time.C.It serves to improve family relationship.D.It helps you do things more efficiently.Passage FiveSocrates is often referred to as one of the founders of Westerm philosophy，and yet he wrote nothing,estabished no school, and held no particular theories of his own. What he did do, however,was frequently ask the questions that interested him, and in doing so developed a new way of thinking. This method proceeds (展开) as a dialogue between opposing views, and it earmed him many enemies in Athens, where he lived.As a young man, Socrates is believed to have studied natural philosophy, looking at the various explanations of the nature of the universe, but then became involved in the politics of the city-state and concerned with more down-to- earth moral issues, such as the nature of justice.However, he was not interested in winning arguments, or arguing for the sake of making money. Nor was he seeking answers or explanations. He was simply examining the basis of the concepts we apply to ourselves (such as “ good" ，“bad”, and “just" )，for he believed that understanding what we are is the first task of philosophy.He was sentenced to death on charges of corrupting the young with bad ideas. But he also had many followers, and among them was Plato, who recorded Socrates’ ideas in the written works, called dialogues, in which Socrates sets about examining various ideas.Socrates ’ central concerm, then, was the examination of life, and it was his cruel questioning of people' s most valued beliefs ( largely about themselves) that earned him his enemies- but he remained committed to his task until the very end. According to the account of his defense at his trial, Socrates chose death rather than face a life of ignorance: “ The life which is unexamined is not worth living”.52.What is true about Socrates?A.Socrates solved the problems of Westerm philosophy.B.Socrates tried to find answers to his questions.C.Socrates forced his enemies to accept his ideas.D.Socrates cared about the meaning of life.53.What is the most important task of philosophy according to Socrates?A.Understanding our true self.B.Examining some basic concepts.C.Challenging the views of enemies.D.Giving explanations for arguments.54.What is the passage mainly about?A.Socrates’beliefs of philosophy.B.Socrates’outlook on death,C.Socrates’influence on youths.D.Socrates' questions about universe.55.What is the tone of the passage?A. Humorous.B. Bitter.C. Sympathetic.D. Objective.V.Daily Conversation( 15 points)Directions: Pick out appropriate expressions from the eigt choices below and complete the following dialogues by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.A.Sounds great!B.This is our frst trip here.C.When shall we set off?D.Could you recommend some places for us?E.You are welcome.F.What could I get?G.Have great fun.H.Is there anyhing interesting there?Receptionist: Good momning!Mr. Smith: Good morming! Today we are free for sightseeing.56 Receptionist: Okay. Have you ever been here before?Mr. Smith: No. 57 Receptionist: Then, I suggest that you visit the Ancient Cultural Street.Mr. Smith: 58Receptionist:Yes.The architectureis wonderful.It represents the folk style of the Qing Dynasty.Mr. Smith: 59 Thank you very much.Receptionist: 60 Have a good time!第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，共 25 分）VI.Writing( 25 points)Directions :For this part, you are supposed to write an e-mail in about 100 - 120 words based onthe following situation. Remember to write it clearly.61.新学期伊始，你们班准备组织-场迎新晚会，让同学们熟悉起来。

卓顶精文2019大学英语A统考模拟试题三

一、阅读理解“You’retryingtocontrolmylife,”saysmynine-year-oldson.“Idon’tknowwhyyouthinkyoucandothat,butyoucan’t.”Ireceivedt hisbitofinformationafterIaskedGabrieletoputhisdirtysocksinthebasket.A ndIgetnosympathyfrommymother,whosays,“Youlethimhavehiswayfromthebegi nning.”It’strue.IhavealwaysaskedGabriele’sopinion,foundouthowhefeltabo utthings–treatedhimasmypeer,notmychild.AndwhathaveIgotfrommytroubles?Alotofbac ktalk.AtleastI’mnotalone;it’sacomplaintheardamongparentsacrosstheco untry.It’snotjustthatwe’reconfusedbythecontradictoryadviceofferedinpa rentingbooks.Thefactis,inanefforttobreakawayfromhowwewereraised–totrysomethingmoreliberalthanourparents’“doitbecauseIsayso”approac h–ourgenerationhasgonetoofar.“Today’sparentswanttobeyoung,sotheytryto befriendswiththeirchildren,”saysKathyLynn,aparentingeducator.“Whenitcomestodiscipline,oursocietyhasgonefromoneextremetotheoth er,”saysRonMoorish,abehaviorspecialist.“Weusedtousethestrap,tointim idate.Thenwehadpermissiveness,andnowit’saboutgivingchildrenchoicesan dallowingthemtolearnfromtheirownexperiences.”Realdiscipline,saysMoorish,isaboutteaching.“Bycorrectingourchild renwhentheydosomethingwrong,weteachthemhowtobehaveproperly,”hesays.B utthisonlyworks,heemphasizes,ifparentsregaintheirpositionofauthority. Childrenwillalwaysbechildren.Thekeyisforparentstochoosetotakethetimet oguideandteachtheirkids.RitaMunday,amotheroffourchildren,couldn’tbelievethedramasthatpla yedoutinthechildren’sshoestoresheoperated.Sheoftensawchildreninsisto nhavingthehigh-priced,brand-nameshoes.Andevenwhenthemotherdidn’twanttospendthemoney,shewouldgive inwhenthekidstartedactingupandthrowingshoesaround.RhondaRadice,Munday’syoungercolleague,isoneparentwhohasbuckedthe trendandisproudofit.“Idon’tnegotiatewiththem.Youcan’t.I’veseenpar entscomeintothestoreandbribetheirchildrentobehave.Youshouldn’thaveto buyloveandrespect.”1、Theauthor’swayoftreatingherson____________.A、issharedbymanyparentsB、isencouragedbyhermotherC、provestobequitesuccessfulD、showslittleconcernforthechild参考答案:A解析:【答案】A【解析】第二段最后一句说我的孩子经常跟我顶嘴，但这不是我一个人的问题，许多家长都有这样的抱怨。

卓顶精文2019年考研英语真题及解析(黄皮书)

2019年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题PartIClozeTestDirections：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B], [C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorresp ondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvo lvedinprominentcases 1 thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant 2 oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea 3 billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses 4 andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof 5 thatcanbegiventoacase 6 atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee,Lo rdIrvinesaidhe 7 withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot 8 sufficientcontrol.9 ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda 10 ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe 11 ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges 12 toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which 13 theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally 14 inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas 15 toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.“Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands 16 ourBritishjudges,”hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean 17 afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere 18 tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised 19 witnessesmightbeencouragedexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto20 guiltyverdicts.1.［A］asto［B］forinstance［C］inparticular［D］suchas2.［A］tightening［B］intensifying［C］focusing［D］fastening3.［A］sketch［B］rough［C］preliminary［D］draft4.［A］illogical［B］illegal［C］improbable［D］improper5.［A］publicity［B］penalty［C］popularity［D］peculiarity6.［A］since［B］if［C］before［D］as7.［A］sided［B］shared［C］complied［D］agreed8.［A］present［B］offer［C］manifest［D］indicate9.［A］Release［B］Publication［C］Printing［D］Exposure10.［A］storm［B］rage ［C］flare［D］flash11.［A］translation［B］interpretation［C］exhibition［D］demonstration12.［A］betterthan［B］otherthan［C］ratherthan［D］soonerthan13.［A］changes［B］makes［C］sets［D］turns14.［A］binding［B］convincing［C］restraining［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized［B］credited［C］entitled［D］qualified16.［A］with［B］to［C］from［D］by17.［A］impact［B］incident［C］inference［D］issue18.［A］stated［B］remarked［C］said［D］told19.［A］what［B］when［C］which［D］that20.［A］assure［B］confide［C］ensure［D］guaranteePartIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionstherearefou ranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswert oeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondin gletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage1Specialisationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofs cientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits，onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.B utspecialisationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingthepr ocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:ex ceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotatio nthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inpart icular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthenineteenthcentur y,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterprobl emsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareas ofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustrated intermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfreveals notsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitiono fwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeol ogicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcen tury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincor porate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,haveconti nuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprof essionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewi despreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturya ndthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequen ceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprof essionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofe ssionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,wherea stheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyi nadifferentway.Althoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywellunder wayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelaye duntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbe reckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.21.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninscienc essuchas_______.[AJsociologyandchemistry[B]physicsandpsychology[C]sociologyandpsychology[D]physicsandchemistry22. Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_______.[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationandprofessionalisation[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones23. Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate______.[A]theprocessofspecialisationandprofessionalisation[B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy[C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications[D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs24. Thedirectreasonforspecialisationis_______.[A]thedevelopmentincommunication[B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation[C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge[D]thesplittingupofacademicsocietiesPassage2Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisio noftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttod ay.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethe n,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereas onstobeoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetb ecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess -afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregove rnments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withint henextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillhenettedtogether.Asaresul t,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.Andthatis verygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpove rtythatwe’veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInterneti snottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheirou tdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillt hinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofin frastructure（thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety）intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’t havethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure-includingro ads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,the Germans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedt hem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.Ibelievethesam ethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.Themoreforeignca pitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronic infrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdownandbecoming fooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.Butitdoesmeanrecognizinghowi mportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefullad vantageoftheInternet.25. Digitaldivideissomething_______.[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor[C]theworldmustguardagainst[D]consideredpositivetoday26. GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit_______.[A]offerseconomicpotentials[B]canbringforeignfunds[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld27. ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof_______.[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas[B]preventingforeigncapital’scontrol[C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure[D]acceptingforeigninvestment28.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydepandsmuchon______.[A]howwell-developeditiselectronically[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants[C]whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporationsPassage3WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSociet yofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepint oalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerro rsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofheadscratchingpuzzlementabout whatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthrough asetofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwords ,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaread y-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusionsnews.Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaderswhi chhelpsexplainwhythe“standardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalienmanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttorepor tersinfivemiddlesizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenres identsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinu pscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey’relesslikel ytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsincommunity.Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworkten dstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmedi aisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsb etweenreportersandtheirreaders.Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisat roubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Th enitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustom ersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingthecu lturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldop enupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswh odifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.29. Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?[A]needsofthereadersallovertheworld.[B]causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers.[C]originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry.[D]aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject.30. Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe______.[A]quitetrustworthy[B]somewhatcontradictory[C]veryilluminating[D]rathersuperficial31.Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir______.[A]workingattitude[B]conventionallifestyle[C]worldoutlook[D]educationalbackground32.Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowing toits_______.[A]failuretorealizeitsrealproblem[B]tendencytohireannoyingreporters[C]likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting[D]prejudiceinmattersofraceandgenderPassage4Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.T heprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswith unsurpassedmight.Manyinthesecountriesarelookingatthisprocessandworrying:"Won'tt hewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoanuncontrollableanti-competitiveforce?"There'snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.Multinationalcor porationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternationaltradein1982.Todaythefigureismore than25%andgrowingrapidly.Internationalaffiliatesaccountforafast-growingsegmento fproductionineconomiesthatopenupandwelcomeforeigninvestment.InArgentina,forinst ance,afterthereformsoftheearly1990s,multinationalswentfrom43%toalmost70%ofthein dustrialproductionofthe200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcernso vertheroleofsmallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabili tyoftheworldeconomy.IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunde rlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertra deandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableof meetingcustomers'demands.Allthesearebeneficial,notdetrimental,toconsumers.Aspro ductivitygrows,theworld'swealthincreases.Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishard toimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreatstocompetit ionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheU.S.,whentheStandardOiltrustwasbrokenup. Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchasWorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforcon sumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunic ationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing-witnessDaimlerandCh rysler,RenaultandNissan-butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.Afewweeksago,AlanGreens panwarnedagainstthemegamergersinthebankingindustry.Whoisgoingtosupervise,regula teandoperateaslenderoflastresortwiththegiganticbanksthatarebeingcreated?Won'tmu ltinationalsshiftproductionfromoneplacetoanotherwhenanationgetstoostrictaboutin fringementstofaircompetition?Andshouldonecountrytakeuponitselftheroleof“defend ingcompetition”onissuesthataffectmanyothernations,asintheUS.vs.Microsoftcase?33.Whatisthetypicaltrendofbusinessestoday?[A]totakeinmoreforeignfunds.[B]toinvestmoreabroad.[C]tocombineandbecomebigger.[D]totradewithmorecountries.34. Accordingtotheauthor,oneofthedrivingforcesbehindM&Awaveis______[A]thegreatercustomerdemands.[B]asurplussupplyforthemarket.[C]agrowingproductivity.[D]theincreaseoftheworld'swealth.35. Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat______.[A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtconsumers[B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandcosts[C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessareenormous[D]theStandardOiltrustmighthavethreatenedcompetition36. Towardthenewbusinesswave,thewriter'sattitudecanhesaidtobe_______.[A]optimistic[B]objective[C]pessimistic[D]biasedPassage5WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeap artofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessional progresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofa disgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“Iwantedtospendmoretimewit hmyfamily”.Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAme ricansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeen transformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”,preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesofShemagazin e,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromth eeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyou rlife”,andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterre wardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.Nothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekin doflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadline s,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytim e”.InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawe ll-establishedtrend.Downshifting-alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”has ,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanticonsumerism.Thereareanumbero fbestsellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;ther earenewsletter's,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmerican susefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;therearee vensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-'90sequivalentofdroppingout.WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline——afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate’80s——andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdown shiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe’80s,downshif tinginthemid-'90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife——growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone——asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.37.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraph1?[A]Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.[B]Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.[C]“Alateralmove”meanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment.[D]Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.38.Thewriter’sexperimentshowsthatdownshifting____[A]enableshertorealizeherdream[B]helpshermoldanewphilosophyoflife[C]promptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatus[D]leadshertoacceptthedoctrineof She magazine39.“Jugglingone’slife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby_____.[A]non-materialisticlifestyle[B]abitofeverything[C]extremestress[D]anti-consumerism40.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof_____[A]thequickpaceofmodernlife[B]man’sadventurousspirit[C]man’ssearchformythicalexperiences[D]theeconomicsituationPartIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Y ourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Inlessthan30years’timetheStarTrekholodeckwillbeareality.Directlinksbetween thebrain’snervoussystemandacomputerwillalsocreatefullsensoryvirtualenvironment s,allowingvirtualvacationslikethoseinthefilmTotalRecall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.AccordingtoBT’sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsschedul edforthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmillennium（aperiodof1,000years）,whensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressina llareasoflife.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includinganextendedlifeexpec tancyanddozensofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand2040.Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks.“Bylinkingdirectlyto ournervoussystem,computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulatefeelingtoo sothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRe callortheStarTrekholodeck,”hesays.44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Throughhisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughsthatcanbe predicted.However,therearestillnoforecastsforwhenfaster-than-lighttravelwillbea vailable,orwhenhumancloningwillbeperfected,orwhentimetravelwillbepossible.Buthe doesexpectsocialproblemsasaresultoftechnologicaladvances.Aboominneighborhoodsur veillancecameraswill,forexample,causeproblemsin2019,whilethearrivalofsyntheticl ifelikerobotswillmeanpeoplemaynotbeabletodistinguishbetweentheirhumanfriendsand thedroids.45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.SectionVWriting46.Directions:Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,buteveryonehash is/herownunderstandingofit.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenews paperto。

卓顶精文-2019年北京英语高考复习试题文档版(含答案).doc

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）（考试时间：100分钟复习试卷满分：120分）考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在复习试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本复习试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It’ssonicetoheaYfYomheYagain._________,welastmetmoYethanthiYtyyeaYsa go.A.What’smoYeB.That’stosayC.InotheYwoYdsD.BelieveitoYnot答案是D。

1.—Hi,I’mPeteY.AYeyounewheYe?Ihaven’tseenyouaYound?—Hello,PeteY.I’mBob.Ijust_________onMonday.A.staYtB.havestaYtedC.staYtedD.hadstaYted2._________wedon’tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsinthewoYldwi llbegone.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.IfD.Until3._________alongtheoldSilkYoadisaninteYestingandYewaYdingeGpeYienceA.TYavelB.TYavelingC.HavingtYaveledD.TYaveled4.SusanhadquitheYwell-paidjoband_________asavolunteeYintheneighboYhoo dwhenIvisitedheYlastyeaY.A.iswoYkingB.waswoYkingC.haswoYkedD.hadwoYked5.SheandheYfamilybicycletowoYk,_________helpsthemkeepfit.A.whichB.whoC.asD.that6.DuYingtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembeYsoftengatheYtogetheY_______ __ameal,admiYethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.shaYeB.toshaYeC.havingshaYedD.shaYed7.China’shigh-speedYailways_________fYom9,000to25,000kilometeYsinthe pastfewyeaYs.A.aYegYowingB.havegYownC.willgYowD.hadgYown8.Inanyunsafesituation,simply_________thebuttonandahighly-tYainedagen twillgetyouthehelpyouneed.A.pYessB.topYessC.pYessingD.pYessed9.AYescuewoYkeYYiskedhislifesavingtwotouYistswho_________inthemountai nsfoYtwodays.A.aYetYappingB.havebeentYappedC.weYetYappingD.hadbeentYapped10.OYdinaYysoap,_________coYYectly,candealwithbacteYiaeffectively.edB.touseinge11.WithouthissuppoYt,wewouldn’tbe_________weaYenow.A.howB.whenC.wheYeD.why12.Intoday’sinfoYmationage,thelossofdata_________causeseYiouspYoblem sfoYacompany.A.needB.shouldC.canD.must13.TheymighthavefoundabetteYhotelifthey_________afewmoYekilometeYs.A.dYoveB.woulddYiveC.weYetodYiveD.haddYiven14.—GoodmoYning,MY.Lee’soffice.—GoodmoYning.I’dliketomakeanappointment_________neGtWednesdayafteYnoo n.A.foYB.onC.inD.at15.Thisis_________myfatheYhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopefoYthebest.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2019年成人高考专升本《英语》真题及答案(完整版)

2019 年成人高考专升本《英语》真题及答案(完整版)1.onetics (5 points)Directions ： In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A,B,C,D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark you answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.【题干】___【选项】A.vitalB.silentC.collideD.fierce【答案】 A2.【题干】___【选项】A.taughtB.caughtughD.fault【答案】 B3.【题干】___ 【选项】A.receptionB.receiptC.captureD.concept【答案】 A4.【题干】___ 【选项】A.boomB.gooseC.floodD.gloom【答案】 B5.【题干】___ 【选项】A.fingerB.singerC.hangerD.ringer【答案】 BII. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions ： There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet.6.【题干】 As a child I used to wash my parents' car to earn some m oney.【选项】A.paperB.easyC.privateD.**【答案】 C7.【题干】 After the busy day I've had, I need a drink.【选项】A.heavyB.sharpC.strongD.powerfulB8.【题干】If you __ stayed at home, this wouldneverhave happened.【选项】A.haveB.hadC.will haveD.would have【答案】 B9.【题干】—H ow much this set of furniture cost?— I forgot .【选项】A.how much it costsB.how much did it costC.how much it costD.how much does it cost【答案】 A10.【题干】 _____________________________ We had along way to go ** to ____________________ early.【选项】A.set onB.put onC.set offD.put offA11.【题干】___ it is not his responsibility to do that,he said he would help.【选项】A.AlthoughB.AsC.SinceD.Unless【答案】 A12.【题干】O ne of the strongest hurricanes was the Florida Keys Storm of 1935, during which 500 people were killed.【选项】A.to recordB.recordedC.recordingD.being recorded【答案】 D13.【题干】M s. Jolie is _ beautiful and very talented, and in control of her own career.【选项】A.basicallyB.remarkablyC.perfectlyD.actively【答案】 B14.【题干】W hen John left the office, Amy at her desk.【选项】A.is still workingB.has still workingC.had still workedD.was still working【答案】 A15.【题干】 You should learn through failures. Why don't you your plan or try a new approach?【选项】A.adjustB.repeatC.acceptD.refuse 【答案】 A16.【题干】T he carpet has so many stains on it that it needs ____ .【选项】A.replaceB.to replaceC.being replaceD.to be replaced【答案】 D17.【题干】 ____________________________________ I senthim the package yesterday. He __________________it by now.【选项】A.might have receivedB.receivedC.will receiveD.receives【答案】 A18.【题干】Is this the factory you visited theother day?【选项】A.whatB.whereC.thatD.when 【答案】 B19.【题干】T o make the fish __ nice, she put in some sugar and wine vinegar.【选项】A.tasteB.to tasteC.tastedD.tasting【答案】 B20.【题干】_____________________________ My daughterruns faster than _______________________ in her class, She runs the fastest.【选项】A.a boyB.any boyC.some boysD.most boys【答案】 BIII.Cloze(30 points)Directions ： For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose one answer that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet.Insomnia, or “ poor sleep , can hav e bad effects on a person's health and general well-being. It can (21)onboth our physical and mental health and can lead to other health ___ (22).Insomnia can be traced to many different reasons, but what is _______ (23)to many sufferers is their inability to relax fully and "switch the mind (24)".Constant thoughts. __ (25)around and around in themind, moving from one __ (26)to the next, prevent stillnessand peace and ____(27)a sufferer extremely tired.In order to treat insomnia (28), it is firstnecessary to allow a sufferer to re-experience (29)real relaxation feels like. It's almost as though they'veforgotten how to relax. Once this has been (30)by thebrain, then fast and effective (31)can be made to reeducate the unconscious towards allowing the person to relax________ (32)and to allow a natural state of Sleepto ____ (33).Hypnotherapy ( 催眠疗法)is one of the fastest and most effective ways of _ (34)this goal for long-lasting results.Sleeping pills, is used at all, should only be a shortterm ________ (35)as their effect is soon reduced and their side effects can be deep and far-reaching.21.【题干】___【选项】A.harmB.affectC.changeD.impact【答案】 D22.【题干】___ 【选项】A.demandsB.concernsC.reasonsD.questions【答案】 D23.【题干】___ 【选项】A.interestingB.sameC.cammonD.alike【答案】 C24.【题干】___ 【选项】A.onB.offC.upD.down【答案】 B25.【题干】___ 【选项】A.gettingB.takingC.goingD.pulling【答案】 D26.【题干】___ 【选项】A.imageB.dreamC.conceptD.thought【答案】 D27.【题干】___ 【选项】A.causeB.leaveC.disturbD.**【答案】 A28.【题干】___ 【选项】A.carefullyB.casilyC.effectivelyD.finally【答案】 C29.【题干】___ 【选项】A.ifB.howC.whereD.what【答案】 B30.【题干】___ 【选项】A.rememberedB.pulledC.changedD.printed【答案】 A31.【题干】___ 【选项】A.scalesB.stepsC.methodsD.techniques【答案】 C32.【题干】___ 【选项】A.fullyB.recentlyC.silentlyD.actively【答案】 A33.【题干】___【选项】A.appearB.showC.occurD.realize【答案】 C34.【题干】___【选项】A.achievingB.targetingC.keepingD.aiming【答案】 A35.【题干】___【选项】A.objectB.systemC.resultD.strategy【答案】 BIV.Reading Comprehension(60 points)Directions ： There are five reading passages in thispart. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each questions there are four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence andblacken the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet.Passage oneAlexia Sloane, a 10-years-old girl, los her sight when she was two following a brain disease .But despite her disability she has excelled at languages and is already fluent in English, French, Spanish and Chinese-and is learning German.Now she has experienced her dream job of working as an interpreter after East of England MEP（欧盟议员）Robert Sturdyinvited her to the parliament in Brussels, thus becoming the youngest interpreter to work at the European Parliament."She was given a special permit to get into the building, where there is usually a minimum age requirement of 14, and sat in a booth listening and interpreting," said her mother ,Isabelle, "The other interpreters were amazed at how well she did as he debate was quite complicated and many of the words were rather technical."Alexia has been tri-lingual since birth as her mother, as her mother, a teacher, is half French and half Spanish, while her father ,Richard, is English. She started talking and communicating in all three languages before she lost her sight but adapted quickly to her blindness. By the age of four, she**reading and writing in the Braille（盲文）. When shewas six, Alexia began to learn Chinese. The **now learning German at school in Cambridge.VI.Writing（25 points）Directions ： For this part, you are supposed to write an essay in English in about 100~120 words based on the following information. Remember to write it clearly.61. 你 (LI yuan) 是班长，准备周末组织全班同学参观历史博物馆 (the museum of History) 。

卓顶精文2019考研英语一阅读及答案

Text1（2019）OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,pe rhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhe nhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsi gnificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.T oreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicati oningeneral-circulationdailies.WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe 20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwascons ideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatth ecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbus iness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,coul dbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublish edinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournali sm,”Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotrea dtowriterswhoare.’”Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowroteforthe ManchesterGuardi an from1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.D uringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadm iredthathis Autobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesoho nored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists .IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictas teshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardi anproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat .21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that__________.[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby__________.[A]freethemes.[B]casualstyle.[C]elaboratelayout.[D]radicalviewpoints.23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?[A]Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism[D]ProminentCriticsinMemoryText2（2019）Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazoncomreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystemMerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstr ategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforlyingabox.Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebe encontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylaw yersabuzztheU.ScourtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseparticularcasetoconductabroadrevi ewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal,”saysDennisD.CrouchoftheU niversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.”Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatint roducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpo olingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyem ter,m oveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthat mightbentthemtothepunch.In2019,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-meth odpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinve stmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopp osingthepractice.TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitiss uedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelo fthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling.TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme.Countthathasnar stApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypat entswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactiontotheant i-patenttrendatthesupremecourt”saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratWashingtonUnivers ityLawSchool.26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof__________.[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.28.Theword“about-face”(Line1,Para3)mostprobablymeans__________.[A]lossofgoodwill[B]increaseofhostility[C]changeofattitude[D]enhancementofdisunity29.Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents__________.[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents[D]Aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatentsText3（2019）Inhisbook TheTippingPoint MalcolmAladuellarguesthat“socialepidemics”aredriveninlargepartbytheactionsofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive ,orwellconnected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn'texplainhowideasactuallyspread.Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycal ledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”：Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthet wo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeople willdomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainl ooks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeop lewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceof thiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends.Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarless impactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredatall.Theresearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence:Withtheexceptionofafe wcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,i nfluence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetiti spreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrive socialepidemics,byinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however ,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,ands oon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachof thesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheini tialinfluentialproveresistant,forexample,thecascadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeop le.Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofsociali nfluencebyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesre latingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Theyfoundthattheprincipalr equirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—i sthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPointtheauthorintendsto__________.[A]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics[B]discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas[C]exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”__________.[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems[B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity33.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat__________.[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions[B]interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic[D]mostcelebritieaenjoywidemediaattention34.Theunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inparagraph4referstotheoneswho__________.[A]stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence[B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers [D]areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential35.Whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted[B]Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced[D]TheinclinationtorelyonothersText4（2019）Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimat someoneelsetheaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormousl osses,andit’sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.Unfortunately,banks’lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofsta ndard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbanks carrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.Afterabruising encounterwithCongress,America’sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Th esegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlo ng0termassetsintheirincomestatement.BobHerz,theFASB’schairman,criedoutagainstthosewho“questionour motives.”Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbygrouppolitelycalls“theuseofjudgmentbym anagement.”EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.T heIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstr uctionofruleslaterthisyearisstrongCharlieMcCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdid“n otliveinapoliticalvacuum”but“intherealworld”andtheEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.Itwasbanksthatwereon the wrong planet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,beca usetheyLargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwilln otbeknownforyears.Butbank’ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.And deadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarere luctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.America’snewplantobuyuptoxicas setswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequirein dependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonsto ckoptionsandpensions,forexample,againsthostilityinterests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinviti ngpressuretomakemoreconcessions.36.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto__________.[A]followunfavorableassetevaluationrules[B]collectpaymentsfromthirdparties[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers[D]reevaluatesomeoftheirassets37.Accordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin__________.[A]thediminishingroleofmanagement[B]therevivalofthebankingsystem[C]thebank’slong-termassetlosses[D]theweakeningofitsindependence38.AccordingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB’sattemptto__________.[A]keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences[B]evadethepressurefromtheirpeers[C]actontheirowninrule-setting[D]takegradualmeasuresinreform39.Theauthorthinksthebankswere“onthewrongplanet”inthatthey__________.[A]misinterpretedmarketpriceindicators[B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets[C]neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts[D]deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassets40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneof__________.[A]satisfaction[B]skepticism[C]objectiveness[D]sympathy。

2019年成考英语精选试题及答案

2019年成考英语精选试题及答案2019年成考英语精选试题及答案一、语音知识在下列每组单词中,有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。

找出这个词。

1. A. dear B. hear C. near D. bear2. A. coast B. float C. soap D. broad3. A. flow B. plow C. slow D. yellow4. A. customer B. republic C. university D. umbrella5. A. hour B. four C. flour D. our6. A. machine B. chip C. sick D. fulfill7. A. popular B. large C. remarkable D. dark8. A. church B. character C. chalk D. cheat9. A. cheat B. weak C. increase D. area10. A. detective B. decide C. nephew D. desire11. A. curtain B. paint C. sail D. straight12. A. popular B. large C. remarkble D. dark13. A. simply B. fairly C. reply D. peacefully14. A. already B. each C. league D. weak15. A. country B. courage C. pronounce D. double二、词汇与语法知识从每小题的四个选择项中,选出最佳的一项。

16. I can’t find my notebook in the room. I It in the library lastnight.A. ought to have leftB. must have leftC. should have leftD. would have left17. is standing at the corner of the street.A. A policeB. The policeC. PoliceD. A policeman18. They had wanted to help but get there in time.A. can’tB. couldn’tC. don’tD. won’t19. Tom was disappointed(失望的)that most of the guests when heat the party.A. left, had arrivedB. had left, arrivedC. had left, had arrivedD. left, arrived20. Michael to pass the examination at his second attempt.A. succeededB. completedC. realizedD. managed21. You can borrow that car if you .A. want toB. want itC. want to doD. will want22. You can’t do anything else until you your homework.A. will finishB. finishedC. have finishedD. had finished23. When and where to build the new library yet.A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided24. Father and Mother can write their names.A. oftenB. seldomC. hardlyD. always25. What do you imagine the child uses this old tool ?A. aboutB. byC. forD. of26. John took his friends there by a shortcut, reduced the drive from 50 minutes to15.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. what27. On Sunday I always prefer rather than TV all day.A. to read ; watchB. read; to watchC. reading; watchD. reading; to watch28. Was the teacher’s clear?A. explainingB. explainedC. explainD. explanation29. Don’t give up, try for second twiceA. theB. aC. /D. an30. Those are probably the curtains in the store.A. fancierB. most fanciestC. fanciestD. more fancier31. I don’t know her very well, I have met her socially on a couple of occasions.A. so thatB. whenC. althoughD. since32. —Hello, may I speak to Dr. Bush?A. Yes，I’m BushB. Yes，it’s meC. Here is BushD. Speaking33. Don’t leave your books near the open fire. They might easily .A. catch fireB. catch to fireC. catch with fireD. catch up fire34. The Smiths don’t live here in this neighbourhood. They have away.A. livedB. movedC. walkedD. taken35. It would be of us to pretend the accident never happened.A. slowB. fastC. foolishD. clever36. Jack was the sort of man who did not like his actionsA. be questionedB. questioningC. having questionedD. questioned37. He has a knife in the arm.A. hurtB. harmC. woundD. injury38. I like taking . Wherever I visit, I bring my camera with meA. photosB. photosC. photoD. photo’s39. You’d better go now, you’ll miss the next train.A. ifB. or elseC. or notD. unless40. We were after all the hard work.A. wear outB. weary outC. worn outD. outworn41. —Who do you think has made my room so dirty, Mom?—It be your younger brother.A. mustB. shallC. willD. would42. Over a hundred people expressed their worries, but were willing to helpA. someB. manyC. fewD. little43. , flowers need a lot of sun and water.A. When growingB. They are growingC. When they growingD. When growth44. She told me that the number of students to be admitted at that time.A. had not been decided onB. were not decided onC. has not been decided onD. are not decided on45. I was in the middle of my call because I had no more pennies to put inthe box.A. broken inB. hung upC. cut offD. put down三、完形填空通读下面的短文,掌握其大意。

卓顶精文2019年考研英语一真题及答案

2019年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishPeopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atf irstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabi litytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywe reworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeone toprison7 hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdep endonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDr.Simonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas1 1.Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numero usfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGradua teManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononw hethertoaccepthimorher.Dr.Simonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsor morehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075poi nts.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointst hanwouldotherwisehavebeen 20 .1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]external4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success10.[A]chosen[B]studied[C]found[D]identified11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpfulText1Inthe2019filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattr activeassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecol oroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebar gainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverish wouldbedescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastd ecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttot rendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,m orefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasd isposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeev eryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfas hioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitmini skirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumes thatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheO mnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableand wasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperper son–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont, whosince2019hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumo ntdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironme nt–includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffe ctedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorin energy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher[A]poorbargainingskill.[B]insensitivitytofashion.[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.[D]lackofimagination.22.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto[A]combatunnecessarywaste.[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.23.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto[A]accusation.[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.[D]tolerance.24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.Text2Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.In theinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,cl ickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinfor mation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?Orshouldthe yhaveexplicitpermission?InDecember2019America'sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga"donottrack"(DNT)option tointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft's InternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarythe FTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTr equests.OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wo uldhaveDNTasadefault.Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptrack ing,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.Unabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehavio uraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanywa y.AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcom plywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostw hollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thought hefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch, Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreal lybethatsimple?。

卓顶精文2019年6月大学英语六级真题+答案解析全三套.doc

2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)PartⅠWriting (30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouareaskedtogiveadviceonwhethertoattendavocationalcollegeorauniversi ty,writeanessaytostateyouropinion.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200 words.PartⅡListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,yo uwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Hewouldfeelinsulted. B)Hewouldfeelverysad.C)Hewouldbeembarrassed. D)Hewouldbedisappointed.2.A)Theyareworthyofaprize. B)Theyareoflittlevalue.C)Theymakegoodreading. D)Theyneedimprovement.3.A)Heseldomwritesabookstraightthrough.B)Hewritesseveralbookssimultaneously.C)Hedrawsonhisreal-lifeexperiences.D)Heoftenturnstohiswifeforhelp.4.A)Writingabookisjustlikewatchingafootballmatch.B)Writersactuallyworkeverybitashardasfootballers.C)Helikeswatchingafootballmatchafterfinishingabook.D)Unlikeafootballmatch,thereisnoendtowritingabook.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Achievementsofblackmaleathletesincollege.B)Financialassistancetoblackathletesincollege.C)Highcollegedropoutratesamongblackathletes.D)Undergraduateenrollmentsofblackathletes.6.A)Theydisplaygreattalentineverykindofgame.B)Theyarebetteratsportsthanatacademicwork.C)Theyhavedifficultyfindingmoneytocompletetheirstudies.D)Theymakemoneyforthecollegebutoftenfailtoearnadegree.7.A)About15%. B)Around40%.C)Slightlyover50%. D)Approximately70%.8.A)Coacheslacktheincentivetograduatethem.B)Collegedegreesdonotcountmuchtothem.C)Theyhavelittleinterestinacademicwork.D)Schoolsdonotdeemitaseriousproblem.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthr eeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Marketingstrategies. B)Holidayshopping.C)Shoppingmalls. D)Onlinestores.10.A)About50%ofholidayshoppers.B)About20-30%ofholidayshoppers.C)About136million.D)About183.8million.11.A)Theyhavefewercustomers.B)Theyfindithardtosurvive.C)Theyarethrivingoncemore.D)Theyappealtoelderlycustomers.12.A)Betterqualityofconsumergoods.B)Higheremploymentandwages.C)Greatervarietiesofcommodities.D)Peoplehavingmoreleisuretime.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A)Theyarenewspeciesofbiginsects.B)Theyareoverprescribedantibiotics.C)Theyarelife-threateningdiseases.D)Theyareantibiotic-resistantbacteria.14.A)Antibioticsarenowinshortsupply.B)Manyinfectionsarenolongercurable.C)Largeamountsoftaxmoneyarewasted.D)Routineoperationshavebecomecomplex.15.A)Facilities.B)Expertise.C)Money.D)Publicity.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeor fourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),CJandD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Itisaccessibleonlytothetalented.B)Itimprovesstudents’abilitytothink.C)Itstartsalifelonglearningprocess.D)Itgivesbirthtomanyeminentscholars.17.A)Theyencourageacademicdemocracy.B)Theypromoteglobalization.C)Theyupholdthepresidents’authority.D)Theyprotectstudents’rights.18.A)Histhirstforknowledge. B)Hiseagernesstofindajob.C)Hiscontemptforauthority. D)Hispotentialforleadership.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Fewpeopleknowhowtoretrieveinformationproperly.B)Peoplecanenhancetheirmemorywithafewtricks.C)Mostpeoplehavearatherpoorlong-termmemory.D)Peopletendtounderestimatetheirmentalpowers.20.A)Theypresentthestatesinasurprisinglydifferentorder.B)Theyincludemoreorlessthesamenumberofstates.C)Theyareexactlythesameasisshownintheatlas.D)Theycontainnamesofthemostfamiliarstates.21.A)Focusingonwhatislikelytobetested.B)Havingagoodsleepthenightbefore.C)Reviewingyourlessonswheretheexamistotakeplace.D)Makingsensibledecisionswhilechoosingyouranswers.22.A)Discoverwhenyoucanlearnbest.B)Changeyourtimeofstudydaily.B)Giveyourselfadoublebonusafterwards.D)Followtheexampleofamarathonrunner.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)Heisapolitician. B)Heisabusinessman.C)Heisasociologist. D)Heisaneconomist.24.A)Inslums.B)InAfrica.C)Inpre-industrialsocieties.D)Indevelopingcountries.25.A)Theyhavenoaccesstohealthcare,letaloneentertainmentorrecreation.B)Theirincomeislessthan50%ofthenationalaveragefamilyincome.C)Theyworkextrahourstohavetheirbasicneedsmet.D)Theirchildrencannotaffordtogotoprivateschools.PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes) SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordfo reachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyale tter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Let ’sallstopjudgingpeoplewhotalktothemselves.Newresearchsaysthatthosewhocan ’tseemto keeptheirinnermonologues(独白)inareactuallymorelikelytostayontask,remain 26 betterandshowimprovedperceptioncapabilities.Notbad,really,forsomeextramuttering.AccordingtoaseriesofexperimentspublishedintheQuarterlyJournalofExperimentalPsych ologybyprofessorsGaryLupyanandDanielSwignley,theactofusingverbalcluesto 27 mentalpictureshelpspeoplefunctionquicker. Inoneexperiment,theyshowedpicturesofvariousobjectstotwenty 28 andaskedthemtofindjustoneofthose,abanana.Halfwere 29 torepeatoutloudwhattheywerelookingforandtheotherhalfkepttheirlips30 .Thosewhotalkedtothemselvesfoundthebananaslightlyfasterthanthosewhodidn ’t ，theresearcherssay.Inotherexperiments,LupyanandSwignleyfoundthat31thenameofacommonproductwhenonthehuntforithelpedquickensomeone ’space,buttalkingaboutu ncommonitemsshowednoadvantageandslowedyoudown.Commonresearchhaslongheldthattalkingthemselvesthroughataskhelpschildrenlearn,altho ughdoingsowhenyou ’ve 32 maturedisnotagreatsignof 33 .Thetwoprofessorshopetorefutethatidea, 34thatjustaswhenkidswalkthemselvesthroughaprocess,adultscanbenefitfromusinglanguagenotju sttocommunicate,butalsotohelp “augmentthinking ”.Ofcourse,youarestillencouragedtokeepthetalkingatlibrarytonesand,whateveryoudo,kee ptheinformationyousharesimple,likeagrocerylist.Atany35 ,there ’sstillsuchathingastoomuchinformation.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2.RichChildrenandPoorOnesAreRaisedVeryDifferently A) ApparentlyB) ArroganceC) BrillianceD) ClaimingE) DedicatedF) FocusedG) IncurH) Instructed I) Obscurely J) Sealed K) spectators L) Trigger M) Uttering N) Volume O) Volunteers[A]ThelivesofchildrenfromrichandpoorAmericanfamilieslookmoredifferentthaneverbefore.[B]Well-offfamiliesareruledbycalendars,withchildrenenrolledinballet,soccerandafter-schoolprograms,accordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurvey.Thereareusuallytwoparents,whosp endalot。

卓顶精文2019年6月英语六级第二套及答案解析.doc

2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第二套完整版）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouareaskedtogiveadviceonwhethertomajorinscien ceorhumanitiesatcollege,writeanessaytostateyouropinion.Youarerequire dtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheen dofeachconversation,youmilhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandth equestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchooseth ebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespo ndingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Doingenjoyablework.B)Havingfriendlycolleagues.C)Earningacompetitivesalary.D)Workingforsupportivebosses.2.A)31%.B)20%.C)25%.D)73%.3.A)Thoseofasmallsize.B)Thoserunbywomen.C)Thosethatarewellmanaged.D)Thosefullofskilledworkers.4.A)Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.B)Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.C)Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.D)Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)ItisabookofEuropeanhistory.B)Itisanintroductiontomusic.C)ItisaboutthecityofBruges.D)Itisacollectionofphotos.6.A)WhenpaintingtheconcerthallofBruges.B)WhenvacationinginanItaliancoastalcity.C)Whentakingpicturesforaconcertcatalogue.D)WhenwritingaboutBelgium’scoastalregions.7.A)TheentireEuropeancoastlinewillbesubmerged.B)TherichheritageofEuropewillbelostcompletely.C)TheseawaterofEuropewillbeseriouslypolluted.D)ThemajorEuropeanscenicspotswilldisappear.8.A)Itswaterwaysarebeingincreasinglypolluted.B)Peoplecannotgetaroundwithoutusingboats.C)Itattractslargenumbersoftouristsfromhomeandabroad.D)Touristsusewoodenpathstoreachtheirhotelsinthemorning.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpa ssage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionsw illbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswer fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter onAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Theymakecarefulpreparationbeforehand.B)Theytaketoomanyirrelevantfactorsintoaccount.C)Theyspendtoomuchtimeanticipatingtheirdefeat.D)Theytryhardtoavoidgettingoffonthewrongfoot.10.A)Aperson’snervoussystemismorecomplicatedthanimagined.B)Golfersusuallyhavepositivementalimagesofthemselves.C)Mentalimagesofteninterferewithathletes’performance.D)Thinkinghasthesameeffectonthenervoussystemasdoing.11.A)Anticipatepossibleproblems.B)Makealistofdo’sanddon’ts.C)Picturethemselvessucceeding.D)Trytoappearmoreprofessional.12.A)Sheworeadesignerdress.B)Shewonherfirstjurytrial.C)Shedidnotspeakloudenough.D)Shepresentedmovingpictures.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A)Itslong-termeffectsareyettobeproved.B)Itshealthbenefitshavebeenoverestimated.C)Ithelpspeopletoavoiddevelopingbreastcancer.D)Itenablespatientswithdiabetestorecoversooner.14.A)Itfocusedontheirwaysoflifeduringyoungadulthood.B)Ittrackedtheirchangeinfoodpreferencesfor20years.C)Itfocusedontheirdifferencefrommeninfiberintake.D)Ittrackedtheireatinghabitssincetheiradolescence.15.A)Fibermayhelptoreducehormonesinthebody.B)Fibermaybringmorebenefitstowomenthanmen.C)Fibermayimprovethefunctionofheartmuscles.D)Fibermaymakebloodcirculationmoresmooth.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesort alksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce .Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesm arkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1witha singlelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Observingthechangesinmarketing.B)Conductingresearchonconsumerbehavior.C)Studyingthehazardsofyoungpeopledrinking.D)Investigatingtheimpactofmediaongovernment.17.A)Itisthecauseofmanystreetriots.B)Itisgettingworseyearbyyear.C)Itisachiefconcernofparents.D)Itisanactofsocialising.18.A)Theyspentaweekstudyingtheirownpurchasingbehavior.B)Theyresearchedtheimpactofmobilephonesonyoungpeople.C)Theyanalysedtheirfamilybudgetsovertheyears.D)Theyconductedathoroughresearchonadvertising.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itishelpingitsbankstoimproveefficiency.B)Itistryinghardtodoawaywithdirtymoney.C)Itisthefirstcountrytousecreditcardsintheworld.D)Itislikelytogiveuppapermoneyinthenearfuture.20.A)Whetheritispossibletotravelwithoutcarryinganyphysicalcurrenc y.B)Whetheritispossibletopredicthowmuchmoneyoneisgoingtospend.C)Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencycausesapersontospendmore.D)Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencyisgoingtoaffecteverydaylife.21.A)Therewasnofoodserviceonthetrain.B)Theserviceonthetrainwasnotgood.C)Therestaurantcaracceptedcashonly.D)Thecashinherhandbagwasmissing.22.A)Byputtingmoneyintoenvelopes.B)Bydrawingmoneyweekbyweek.C)Bylimitingtheirday-to-dayspending.D)Byrefusingtobuyanythingoncredit.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)Populationexplosion.B)Chronichunger.C)Extinctionofrarespecies.D)Environmentaldeterioration.24.A)Theycontributetooverpopulation.B)Abouthalfofthemareunintended.C)Theyhavebeenbroughtundercontrol.D)Themajorityofthemtendtoendhalfway.25.A)Itisessentialtothewellbeingofallspeciesonearth.B)Itisbecomingasubjectofinterdisciplinaryresearch.C)Itisneglectedinmanyofthedevelopingcountries.D)Itisbeginningtoattractpostgraduates’attention.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequ iredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfol lowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoic es.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondi ngletterforeachitemonAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.You maynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.AfterbecomingpresidentofPurdueUniversityin2019,MitchDanielsaskedt hefacultytoprovethattheirstudentshaveactuallyachievedoneofhighereduca tion’smostimportantgoals:criticalthinkingskills.Twoyearsbefore,anationwidestudyofcollegegraduateshadshownthatmorethanathirdhadmadeno__26__ gainsinsuchmentalabilitiesduringtheirschoolyears.Mr.Danielsneededto__ 27__thehighcostofattendingPurduetoitsstudentsandtheirfamilies.Afteral l,thepercentageofAmericanswhosayacollegedegreeis“veryimportant”hasfal len__28__inthelast5-6years.Purduenowhasapilottesttoassessstudents’criticalthinkingskills.Yet likemanycollegeteachersaroundtheU.S.,thefacultyremain__29__thattheirw orkaseducatorscanbemeasuredbya“learning__30__”suchasagraduate’sabilit ytoinvestigateandreason.However,theprofessorsneednotworrysomuch.There sultsofarecentexperimentshowedthatprofessorscanuse__31__metricstomeas urehowwellstudentsdointhreekeyareas:criticalthinking,writtencommunica tion,andquantitativeliteracy.Despitethesuccessoftheexperiment,theactualresultsareworrisome,and mostly__32__earlierstudies.Theorganizersoftheexperimentconcludedthatf arfewerstudentswereachievingathighlevelsoncriticalthinkingthantheywer edoingforwrittencommunicationorquantitativeliteracy.Andthatconclusion isbasedonlyonstudentsnearinggraduation.Americanuniversities,despitetheirglobal__33__forexcellenceinteach ing,haveonlybeguntodemonstratewhattheycanproduceinreal-worldlearning. Knowledge-baseddegreesarestillimportant,butemployersare__34__advanced thinkingskillsfromcollegegraduates.Iftheintellectualworthofacollegede greecanbe__35__measured,morepeoplewillseekhighereducation---andcomeou tbetterthinkers.A)accuratelyB)confirmC)demandingD)doubtfulE)drasticallyF)justifyG)monopolizedH)outcomeI)predominanceJ)presumingK)reputationL)significantM)signifyN)simultaneouslyO)standardized SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstateme ntsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparag raphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaycho oseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe questionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2.ThePriceofOilandthePriceofCarbon[A]Fossilfuelpricesarelikelytostay“lowforlong”.Notwithstandingimp ortantrecentprogressindevelopingrenewablefuelsources,lowfossilfuelpri cescoulddiscouragefurtherinnovationin,andadoptionof,cleanerenergytech nologies.Theresultwouldbehigheremissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenh ousegases.[B]Policymakersshouldnotallowlowenergypricestoderailthecleanenerg ytransition.Actiontorestoreappropriatepriceincentives,notablythroughc orrectivecarbonpricing,isurgentlyneededtolowertheriskofirreversiblean dpotentiallydevastatingeffectsofclimatechange.Thatapproachalsooffersf iscalbenefits.。

函授英语试题及答案

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卓顶精文最新2019年考研英语一真题及答案.doc

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）复习复习试题SectionIUseofEnglishDiYections:YeadthefollowingteGt.ChoosethebestwoYd(s)foYeachnumbeYedblankandmaYkA,B,CoYDontheANSWEYSHEET.(10points)①ThoughnotbiologicallyYelated,fYiendsaYeas“Yelated”asfouYthcousins,s haYingabout1%ofgenes.②Thatis 1 astudy,publishedfYomtheUniveYsityofCalifoYniaandYaleUniveYsityinthe PY oceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has 2 .①Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted 3 1,932uniquesubjectswhich 4 paiYsofunYelatedfYiendsandunYelatedstYangeYs.②ThesamepeopleweYeusedinboth 5 .①While1%mayseem 6 ,itisnotsotoageneticist.②AsJamesFowleY,pYofessoYofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopl edonoteven 7 theiYfouYthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfYiendsthepeoplewho 8 ouYkin.”①Thestudy 9 foundthatthegenesfoYsmellweYesomethingshaYedinfYiendsbutnotgenesfoYim munity.②WhythissimilaYityeGistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoeGplain,foYnow.③10 ,astheteamsuggests,itdYawsustosimilaYenviYonmentsbuttheYeismoYe11 it.④TheYecouldbemanymechanismswoYkingtogetheYthat 12 usinchoosinggeneticallysimilaYfYiends 13 “functionalkinship”ofbeingfYiendswith 14 !①OneoftheYemaYkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilaYgenesseemtobeevo lving 15 thanotheYgenes.②Studyingthiscouldhelp 16 whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000yeaYs,withsocialenviYonment beingamajoY 17 factoY.①ThefindingsdonotsimplyeGplainpeople’s 18 tobefYiendthoseofsimilaY 19 backgYounds,saytheYeseaYcheYs.②ThoughallthesubjectsweYedYawnfYomapopulationofEuYopeaneGtYaction,caYe wastakento 20 thatallsubjects,fYiendsandstYangeYsweYetakenfYomthesamepopulation.③TheteamalsocontYolledthedatatocheckancestYyofsubjects.1.[A]what [B]why [C]how [D]when2.[A]defended [B]concluded [C]withdYawn [D]advised3.[A]foY [B]with [C]by [D]on4.[A]sepaYated [B]sought [C]compaYed [D]connected5.[A]tests [B]objects [C]samples [D]eGamples6.[A]insignificant [B]uneGpected [C]unYeliable [D]incYedible7.[A]visit [B]miss [C]know [D]seek8.[A]suYpass [B]influence [C]favoY [D]Yesemble9.[A]again [B]also [C]instead [D]thus10.[A]Meanwhile [B]FuYtheYmoYe [C]Likewise [D]PeYhaps11.[A]about [B]to [C]fYom [D]like12.[A]limit [B]obseYve [C]confuse [D]dYive13.[A]accoYdingto [B]YatheYthan [C]YegaYdlessof [D]alongwith14.[A]chances [B]Yesponses [C]benefits [D]missions15.[A]fasteY [B]sloweY [C]lateY [D]eaYlieY16.[A]foYecast [B]YemembeY [C]eGpYess [D]undeYstand17.[A]unpYedictable [B]contYibutoYy [C]contYollable [D]disYuptive18.[A]tendency [B]decision [C]aYYangement [D]endeavoY19.[A]political [B]Yeligious [C]ethnic [D]economic20.[A]see [B]show [C]pYove [D]tellSectionⅡYeadingCompYehensionPaYtADiYections：YeadthefollowingfouYteGts.AnsweYthequestionsafteYeachteGtbychoosingA, B,CoYD.MaYkyouYansweYsonANSWEYSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1①KingJuanCaYlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheiY sleep.”②ButembaYYassingscandalsandthepopulaYityoftheYepublicanleftintheYecent EuYo-electionshavefoYcedhimtoeathiswoYdsandstanddown.③So,doestheSpanishcYisissuggestthatmonaYchyisseeingitslastdays?④DoesthatmeanthewYitingisonthewallfoYallEuYopeanYoyals,withtheiYmagnificentunifoYmsandmajesticlifestyles?①TheSpanishcasepYovidesaYgumentsbothfoYandagainstmonaYchy.②WhenpublicopinionispaYticulaYlypolaYised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheF YancoYegime,monaYchscanYiseabove“meYe”politicsand“embody”aspiYito fnationalunity.①ItisthisappaYenttYanscendenceofpoliticsthateGplainsmonaYchs’continui ngpopulaYityasheadsofstates.②Andso,theMiddleEasteGcepted,EuYopeisthemostmonaYch-infestedYegioninth ewoYld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndoYYa).③ButunliketheiYabsolutistcounteYpaYtsintheGulfandAsia,mostYoyalfamilie shavesuYvivedbecausetheyallowvoteYstoavoidthedifficultseaYchfoYanon-c ontYoveYsialbutYespectedpublicfiguYe.①Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.②Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theiYveYyhistoYy—andsometimes thewaytheybehavetoday—embodiesoutdatedandindefensiblepYivilegesandin equalities.③AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandotheYeconomistsaYewaYningofYisinginequalit yandtheincYeasingpoweYofinheYitedwealth,itisbizaYYethatwealthyaYistoc YaticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheaYtofmodeYndemocYaticstates.①ThemostsuccessfulmonaYchiesstYivetoabandonoYhidetheiYoldaYistocYaticw ays.②PYincesandpYincesseshaveday-jobsandYidebicycles,nothoYses(oYhelicopteYs).③Evenso,theseaYewealthyfamilieswhopaYtywiththeinteYnational1%,andmedia intYusivenessmakesitincYeasinglydifficulttomaintaintheYightimage.WhileEuYope’smonaYchieswillnodoubtbesmaYtenoughtostYivefoYsometimeto come,itistheBYitishYoyalswhohavemosttofeaYfYomtheSpanisheGample.①ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspYeseYvedthemonaYchy’sYeputationwithheYYatheYo YdinaYy(ifwell-heeled)gYannystyle.②ThedangeYwillcomewithChaYles,whohasbothaneGpensivetasteoflifestyleand apYettyhieYaYchicalviewofthewoYld.③HehasfailedtoundeYstandthatmonaYchieshavelaYgelysuYvivedbecausetheypY ovideaseYvice—asnon-contYoveYsialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.④ChaYlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoYyshows,itiskings,notYepublicans, whoaYethemonaYchy’swoYstenemies.21.AccoYdingtothefiYsttwopaYagYaphs,KingJuanCaYlosofSpain_______.[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsuppoYt[B]wasunpopulaYamongEuYopeanYoyals[C]easedhisYelationshipwithhisYivals[D]endedhisYeigninembaYYassment22.MonaYchsaYekeptasheadsofstateinEuYopemostly_______.[A]owingtotheiYundoubtedandYespectablestatus[B]toachieveabalancebetweentYaditionandYeality[C]togivevoteYsmoYepublicfiguYestolookupto。