(完整版)延续性动词与短暂性动词讲解与练习

短暂性动词，延续性动词与现在完成时姓名： __________ 短暂性动词（终止性动词），是指动作一旦发生就很快就结束。它不能和一段时间连用。这类动词有：go, come, arrive, leave, begi n, start, joi n, marry 等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用。但是，在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如：live, work, study, learn, sleep等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。

值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“ fo叶一段时间”外，还有since+n./ 从句（时间点），since+时间段+ago，疑问词how long ，in the past+寸间段，all these+ 时间段，from…to （时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等。

例如：

1. 这位老人已经死了十年了。

The old man has died for ten years.（x ）（die “死”短暂性动词，不能与fo叶一段时间连用）

The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago V）

（die—be dead, die是短暂性动词，表示死的动作，这个动作很快就结束了，变成了表示状态的be dead dead是die的形容词，表示死了的状态，可以延续）

2. 我买了这块手表五年了。

I have bought this watch for five years. （x ）（buy “买”短暂性动词，不能与fo叶一段时间连用）I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. （V）（buy—have, buy这个动作在付完钱已经结束了，买完后是拥有have的状态，have 可以延续）

3. 我离开家乡已十年了。

I have left hometown for 10 years. （x）（leave “离开”短暂性动词，不能与fo叶一段时间连用）I have been away from hometown for 10 years. （V）

（leave—be away, leave这个动作在走了的时候已经结束了，走了以后，是我不在这里的状态，be away表示不在，离开的状态，可以延续

但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。

如: I haven' t bought the bike for a year.

我买这辆自行车还不到一年。

She hasn ' t come here for an hour.

她来这儿还没有一个小时。

如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性 动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

buy / get — have, die — be dead Close — be closed ope n — be ope n fall asleep — be

asleep go out — be out put on — wear/be on come/go/become — be beg in /start — be on Get to know — know Lose/die/sell/leave — be gone join /take part in — be in/be a member of return to/come back to/go back tc — be back(to) come(arrive,reach,get) here/go (arrive,reach,get) the —be here (there) 练习： 一、找出下列句子中的短暂性动词和对应句子中的延续性动词。

例: He died 10 years ago. / He has been dead for 10 years. die —be dead

1. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. /He has kept the book for 2 weeks. _ ______

2. He bought the bike a month ago. /He has had the bike for a mon th. ___ — _____

3. He arrived here last year./He has bee n here since last year. ________ — _______

4. They tur ned on the light 2 hours ago. /The light has bee n on for 2 hours.

5. He left here 2 years ago. /He has bee n away from here for 2 years. — ___________

6. The film bega n 30 minu tes ago. /The film has bee n on for 30 minutes. _ — _____

7. They ope ned the door an hour ago. /The door has bee n ope n for an hour.

—

8. They closed the door an hour ago. /The door has bee n closed for an hour.

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二、选择题。

(

)1.Her gran dfather ______ f or two years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died (

)2.1 t's six weeks _____ I met you last. A. whe n B. since C. before D. For (

)3.His father __ the Party since 1978 .A.joined B. has joined C.was in .D.has been in ( )4. — Do you know him well ? — Sure .We _______ frie nds since ten years ago .

A . were

B . have been

C . have become

D . have made

( )5.Hurry up! The play ____ for ten minutes .

A. has begun B . had begun C . has been on D . Began

( )6.It _____ ten years since he left the army. A . is B . has C . will D . Was

( )7.His uncle _____ for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the city borrow — keep, have

finish — be over, leave — be away (from )

marry —be married

fall (get) ill — be ill

get up — be up Move to —live in go to schoo — be in school/be a stude nt beg in to study — study wake/wake up — be awake catch/get a cold — have a cold

come/arrive/reach/get to — be in