chapter 6 国际贸易支付
国际贸易概论 chapter 6 Price of goods
6.4 pricing calculation
• FOB Price=Actual Costs (Manufacturing Price or Factory Price-Tax Rebate) + Domestic Charges + Anticipated Profit • CFR Price= Actual Costs (Manufacturing Price or Factory Price-Tax Rebate) + Domestic Charges + Anticipated Profit + Oceanic Freight • CIF Price= Actual Costs (Manufacturing Price or Factory Price-Tax Rebate) + Domestic Charges + Anticipated Profit +Oceanic Freight + Insurance Premium
6.3 Pricing Considerations
1. Costs • Manufacturing price or factory price • Domestic charges • Overseas charges • Other costs
2. Anticipated profits
Essential part of the export price is the anticipated profits. How much an exporter wants to make out of a particular transaction directly impacts on the export price of the product. The expression of anticipated profits can be an absolute number, or a percentage. Many companies like to consider the profit as a percentage of the selling price, namely the profit margin.
国际贸易支付手段
Major Remittance Methods
There are three basic ways for a bank to transfer funds for its client from the home country abroad.
1. M/T: Mail Transfer 2. T/T: Telegraphic Transfer 3. D/D: Banker’s Demand Draft 4. SWIFT: Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication
Cash in Advance
Provides greatest security for seller and greatest risk for buyer The buyer simply prepays the seller prior to shipment of the goods. This term of payment requires that the buyer have a high level of confidence in the ability and willingness of the seller to deliver the goods as ordered
II. Basic Methods of International Payments and Settlements
Settlements on commercial credit 1. Cash in advance 2. Open account 3. Remittance 4. Collection Settlements on bank credit 1. Letter of credit 2. Bank guarantee
chapter 6贸易术语
For example , with CIF, if the cargo lost at sea, which party has the insurable interest? p122
Answer : the importer ,because the point the risk shifts is on board the ship at the named port of loading, as such the insurable interest transfers from the exporter to the importer at the time the goods pass over the ship's rail.
Chapter Six
Cargo Insurance
Cargo movement Water damage Overboard losses WHY NEED INSURANCE Jettison 投弃货物 Fire Sinking Perils of the sea Stranding 搁浅 海上风险 Theft Piracy 海盗 Natural calamities自然灾害 Risks Political factors 风险
The indemnity principle损害补偿原则
Contract of insurance is to restores a person who suffered a loss into the same position as he was in before the loss occurred.
The insurable interest principle
ntract is legally binding only if insured has interest in subject matter of insurance and that interest is insurable. An insurance policy 保单without insurable interest is invalid In cargo insurance , the interest passes with the documents. we know who has an interest in the cargo at any particular point of time according to the terms of sale (the incoterm we use)
国际贸易实务笔记
国际贸易实务笔记Chapter 1Introduction to International TradeKey words:Nation boder:过境FID：Foreign Direct investmentCustoms frontier:关境直接投资：Drect investment出口退税：export tax rebates 流动性过剩：excess liquidity东道国：host country 自给自足：self-suffucient经济资源：economic resources 商品交换；exchange of goods资金：capital 以物换物：barter出口拉动型经济增长：export-driven economic growth国际收支顺差：A favorable balance of payment逆差：An unfavorable balance of paymentMeans more money is flowing into a country than flowing out.贸易差额：balance of trade贸易顺差：trade surplus or A favorable balance of trade贸易逆差：trade deficit or A unfavorable balance of trade有/无形贸易：visible or invisible trade货物or 服务贸易：trade in goods or service国际贸易：international trade used by WTOWorld trade对外贸易：foreign trade 海外贸易：overseas trade国际发展委员会：national development and reform commission (NDRC)国际货币基金组织：international monetary fund (IMF)External demand:国外需求trade frictions: 贸易摩擦In the fore seeable future:短期内innovation of style:创新Shift orders:减少订单inquiry offer:询盘B/L;提单Offer:报盘 a fun set of documents:一套单据Firm offer:实盘sign a sales contract :签订销售合同Counter offer :还盘月/日/年（美）日/月/年（英）最好用英式表达Accept counter partner :交易对手Destination of International Trade:The business of buying and selling commodities beyond national borders走私：以任何行为逃避海关监管的行为。
国际贸易Chapter 6商品条款.ppt
The importance of this clause:
According to related laws and practices, this clause is a main component of the Description of Goods, and a fundamental basis of transaction.
intrinsic quality and outside form or shape of the commodity, the former includes physical functions, mechanical performance, chemical composition and biological features of the goods, and the latter includes modeling, structure,color, luster and transparency of the goods, etc.
Requirements of the Quality 品质要求：
1. 对出口商品质量的要求 针对不同市场和不同消费者的需求来确定出口商品质量 不断更新换代和精益求精 适应进口国的有关法令规定和要求 适应国外自然条件、季节变化和销售方式
chapter6-1汇票
（二）按承兑人不同划分 1.银行承兑汇票（Banker’s Acceptance Bill）
2.商业承兑汇票（Trader’s Acceptance Bill）
（三）按是否有货运单据划分
1.跟单汇票（Documentary Bill） 2.光票汇票（Clean Bill）
（四）按付款期限划分
1.即期汇票（Sight/Demand Draft）：见票即付款的汇票。 包括： ① 票面上载明“见票即付”（at sight/on demand)文句的汇 票，持票人向付款人提示汇票时即是“见票”。 e.g. At sight pay to the order of ... On demand pay to the order of ... ②出票日与到期日为同一天的汇票，当天出票当天到期。 ③票面上没有载明到期日的汇票，各国一般认为其提示日就是 到期日，因此也是见票即付。
②定日付款 （At a Fixed Date） 汇票上规定有确切的付款日，付款人按期付款。 例如： 2002年5月5日付款； On 30th June fixed pay to... ③出票后定期付款（At 30 days after date pay to....） 又称出票远期付款，此种汇票是以出票日为基础，一段时期 后付款。
1、签发：写成汇票并在汇票上签字 （draw a draft and to sign it) 2、交付：出票人要将汇票交给收款人 (deliver a draft to the payee) 3、形式：一式两份，每单汇票具有同等效力。
正本（original)---第一份汇票（first of exchange)
（1） Pay to A Co. the sum of five thousand US dollar providing the goods they supply are complied with contract. （2） Pay to A Co. out of the proceeds in our NO. X account the sum of five thousand US dollar. （3） “Pay to …on the condition that” （4） “I shall be pleased if you would pay…”
Chapter VI 国际支付1
托收统一规则
为了统一各国银行托收业务的做法，国际商会于1967 年制订了《商业单据托收规则》，1978年修订时改名 为《托收统一规则》（Uniform Rules for Collection）。 该规则除前言外，分总则和定义及义务和责任两部分。 在后一部分中规定了银行的义务和责任、提示、付款、 承兑的程序以及拒付证书、货物的保护、托收结果的 通知等内容。目前，《托收统一规则》已成为托收业 务的国际惯例，为80多个国家的商会和银行所采用。 应当注意的是，该规则规定的所有条款，只有与托收 委托书的内容没有抵触时才可运用。如两者发生冲突， 则应以托收委托书的规定为准
2．承兑交单（Documents against Acceptance，D/A）
承兑交单是指卖方的交单以买方承兑汇票为条 件。买方承兑汇票后，即可向代收行取得货运 单据，凭以提取货物，于汇票到期日付款。所 以承兑交单方式只适用于远期汇票的托收。承 兑交单付款条件对买方较为有利，但对卖方而 言，则要冒极大的风险。因为买方虽然已承诺 了到期付款，但交单之后，卖方收取货款的唯 一保证就是买方的信用，一旦买方到期拒付货 款或破产倒闭，卖方就会遭受巨大损失
买方汇付货款
在国际贸易中，汇付属于商业信用，它 取决于一方对另一方的信任，是卖方向 买方，或买方向卖方提供信用，进行资 金融通的一种方式。在汇付方式中，提 供信用的一方所承担的风险很大
三、国际托收服务
托收的概念 托收（Collection）是由卖方对买方开立汇票， 委托银行向买方收取货款的一种结算方式。 托收方式是卖方委托银行向买方收取货款，能 否收到完全取决于买方的信用，银行并不给予 任何保证。因此，托收同汇付方式一样，也属 于商业信用性质，而非银行信用。采用托收方 式收取货款，对卖方来说是有较大风险的
《国际贸易实务》教学大纲
《国际贸易实务》教学大纲课程编号：学时：64 学分：？一、课程的性质与目的国际贸易实务是一门研究国际货物买卖的有关理论和实际业务的课程，也是高等院校国际经济与贸易专业的一门专业基础课程。
学习本课程的主要目的：1、使学生通过本课程的学习，初步掌握进行国际货物买卖的基本理论、基础知识和基本技能；2、学会在进出口贸易中，既能结合我国的实际，切实贯彻国家的方针政策和企业的经营意图，又能符合法律规则和国际贸易惯例。
二、课程的基本内容本课程分为九章，包括四大部分。
第一部分即第一章，贸易术语与国际贸易惯例。
将介绍与贸易术语有关的国际惯例和常用的贸易术语。
第二部分是国际货物买卖合同的主要条款，包括商品名称和品质、数量、包装、价格、装运、保险、货款支付以及商检、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁，分别在第二章至第七章介绍。
第三部分即第八章，国际货物买卖合同的商订与履行。
首先介绍交易磋商，然后举例说明合同的履行。
第四部分即第九章，国际贸易方式。
介绍国际贸易中常用的几种贸易方式。
三、本课程的基本要求学习本课程要求学生首先学习《中国对外贸易》、《国际贸易》等课程，同时要求学生学好相关知识如《国际商法》、《国际金融》、《国际市场营销》等课程。
四、教学安排（64学时,包括讲课和实习）第一章国际贸易术语6学时Chapter 1 International T rade T erms第一节贸易术语与国际惯例1.1 Trade Terms and International Rules第二节常用的三种贸易术语1.2 Three Most Popular Trade Terms第三节货交承运人的三种贸易术语1.3 Three Trade Terms on Delivering to Carrier第四节其他贸易术语1.4 Other Trade Terms第五节贸易术语的选用1.5 Selecting of Trade Terms第二章商品的名称及其质量、数量与包装4学时Chapter 2 Name and Quality of Commodity, Quantity and Packaging第一节商品的名称及其质量2.1 Name and Quality of Commodity第二节数量2.2 Quantity第三节包装2.3 Packaging第三章国际货物运输10学时Chapter 3 International Cargo T ransport第一节运输方式3.1 Transport Modes第二节装运条款3.2 Shipment Clause第三节运输单据3.3 Shipping Documents第四章国际货物运输保险6学时Chapter 4 Insurance of International Cargo T ransportation第一节概述4.1 An Overview of Insurance of International Cargo Transportation第二节海运货物保险承保的范围4.2 Insured Range in Ocean Transportation第三节我国海运货物保险的险别4.3 Ocean Marine Cargo Clause of CIC第四节伦敦保险协会海运货物保险条款4.4 Institute Cargo Clause (ICC)第五节我国陆运、空运货物与邮包运输保险4.5 Overland Transportation Cargo, Air Transportation Cargo and Parcel PostInsurance Clause第六节买卖合同中的保险条款4.6 Insurance Clauses of the contract第五章进出口商品的价格8学时Chapter 5 Price第一节定价时应考虑的问题5.1 Points considered in pricing第二节计价货币和支付货币的选择5.2 Choice of currency for account and payment第三节佣金与折扣5.3 Commission and Discounts第四节合同中的价格条款5.4 Clauses of Price第六章国际货款的收付14学时Chapter 6 International T rade Payment第一节支付工具6.1 Instruments of Payment第二节汇付与托收6.2 Remittance and Collection第三节信用证付款6.3 Letter of Credit第四节银行保函6.6 Banker’s Letter of Guarantee第五节合同中的支付条款6.5 Terms of Payment in Contract第七章检验、索赔、不可抗力与仲裁4学时Chapter 7 Inspection, Claim, Force Majeure and Arbitration第一节检验7.1 Inspection第二节索赔7.2 Claim第三节不可抗力7.3 Force Majeure第四节仲裁7.4 Arbitration第八章合同的商订与履行8学时Chapter 8 T rade Negotiation and Contract Performing第一节合同的商订8.1 Trade Negotiation第二节合同的履行8.2 Contract Performing第九章国际贸易方式4学时Chapter 9 International T rade Modes第一节经销与代理9.1 Distributorship and Agency第二节寄售与展卖9.2 Consignment, Fairs and Sales第三节招标投标与拍卖9.3 Invitation to tenders, Submission of tenders and Auction第四节期货交易与套期保值9.4 Futures Trading and Hedging第五节对销贸易9.5 Counter Trade第六节加工贸易9.6 Improvement Trade第七节电子商务9.7 Commercial Business五、教材和参考资料教材：《国际贸易实务》对外经济贸易大学出版社，黎孝先主编《International Trade Theory and Practice》对外经济贸易大学出版社，张素芳编著参考书：1、吴百福主编.《进出口贸易实务教程》.上海人民出版社2003年版2、《对外贸易实务》中国对外经济贸易教育协会主办（月刊）3、《中国海关》中国海关出版社主办（月刊）4、商务部、海关等相关网站5、杨玲等.《国际贸易与国际金融》.武汉大学出版社《国际贸易实务》课程简介课程编号：课程名称：国际贸易实务英文名称：International Trade Practice学时：50 学分：2.5课程简介：国际贸易实务是一门研究国际货物买卖的有关理论和实际业务的课程，也是高等院校国际经济与贸易专业的一门专业基础课程。
51--国际贸易与实务第6章案例 Case study
QUESTION
According to the CISG, is there any business relation between Company A and Company B?
Analysis
• There exits business relation between Company A and Company B． • According to the CISG，this offer is an offer that has been received by the offeree．If the cancel notification reaches the offeror before the offeree sends out his acceptance，the offer can be canceled．In this case, the time when the cancel notification reaches the offeree was afternoon of May 7th, while acceptance notification was sent out on the morning of May 6th. Obviously, this offer cannot be canceled. The contract has law efficiency.
Case 4
An Italian businessman visited one Chinese foreign trade company for negotiating about the transaction of some commodity. The company made an oral offer to the Italian businessman, while he did not make any response to our offer. That afternoon, the Italian businessman revisited the Chinese company and said he could accept that morning’s offer. But during that time, the Chinese company got the news that the price of the international market for the goods was on the rise.
国际贸易英文版教材
作者、书名、出版社、出版年份、目录Thomas A．Pugel. International Economics(15th). Renmin University of China p ress. 2012-12CONTENTSChapter 1 International Economics Is DifferentFour ControversiesEconomics and the Nation-StateThe Scheme of This BookPART ONE THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADEChapter 2 The Basic Theory Using Demand and SupplyFour Questions about TradeA Look AheadDemand and SupplyCase Study Trade Is ImportantGlobal Crisis The Trade Mini-Collapse of 2009Two National Markets and the Opening of TradeChapter 3 Why Everybody Trades: Comparative Advantage 33Adam Smith’s Theory of Absolute AdvantageCase Study Mercantilism: Older Than Smith—and Alive TodayRicardo’s Theory of Comparative AdvantageRicardo’s Constant Costs and the Producti on-Possibility CurveFocus on Labor Absolute Advantage Does MatterExtension What If Trade Doesn’t Balance?Chapter 4 Trade: Factor Availability and Factor Proportions Are KeyProduction with Increasing Marginal CostsCommunity Indifference CurvesProduction and Consumption TogetherFocus on China The Opening of Trade and China’s Shift Out of AgricultureThe Gains from TradeTrade Affects Production and ConsumptionWhat Determines the Trade Pattern?The Heckscher–Ohlin (H–O) TheoryChapter 5 Who Gains and Who Loses from Trade?Who Gains and Who Loses within a CountryThree Implications of the H–O TheoryExtension A Factor-Ratio ParadoxDoes Heckscher–Ohlin Explain Actual Trade Patterns?Case Study The Leontief ParadoxWhat Are the Export-Oriented and Import-Competing Factors?Focus on China China’s Exports and ImportsDo Factor Prices Equalize Internationally?Focus on Labor U.S. Jobs and Foreign Trade 86Chapter 6 Scale Economies, Imperfect Competition, and TradeScale EconomiesIntra-Industry TradeMonopolistic Competition and TradeExtension The Individual Firm in MonopolisticOligopoly and TradeExtension The Gravity Model of TradeChapter 7 Growth and TradeBalanced versus Biased GrowthGrowth in Only One FactorChanges in the Country’s Willingness to TradeCase Study The Dutch Disease and DeindustrializationEffects on the Country’s Terms of TradeTechnology and TradeFocus on Labor Trade, Technology, and U.S. WagesPART TWO TRADE POLICYChapter 8 Analysis of a TariffGlobal Governance WTO and GATT: Tariff SuccessA Preview of ConclusionsThe Effect of a Tariff on Domestic ProducersThe Effect of a Tariff on Domestic ConsumersThe Tariff as Government RevenueThe Net National Loss from a TariffExtension The Effective Rate of ProtectionCase Study They Tax Exports, TooThe Terms-of-Trade Effect and a Nationally Optimal TariffChapter 9 Nontariff Barriers to ImportsTypes of Nontariff Barriers to ImportsThe Import QuotaGlobal Governance The WTO: Beyond TariffsGlobal Crisis Dodging ProtectionismExtension A Domestic Monopoly Prefers a QuotaVoluntary Export Restraints (VERs)Other Nontariff BarriersCase Study VERs: Two ExamplesCase Study Carrots Are Fruit, Snails Are Fish, and X-Men Are Not HumansHow Big Are the Costs of Protection?International Trade DisputesFocus on China China’s First Decade in the WTOChapter 10 Arguments for and against ProtectionThe Ideal World of First BestThe Realistic World of Second BestPromoting Domestic Production or EmploymentThe Infant Industry ArgumentFocus on Labor How Much Does It Cost to Protect a Job?The Dying Industry Argument and Adjustment AssistanceThe Developing Government (Public Revenue) ArgumentOther Arguments for Protection: Non=economic ObjectivesThe Politics of Protection The Basic Elements of the Political-Economic Analysis Case Study How Sweet It Is (or Isn’t)Chapter 11 Pushing ExportsDumpingReacting to Dumping: What Should a Dumpee Think?Actual Antidumping Policies: What Is Unfair?Case Study Antidumping in ActionProposals for ReformExport SubsidiesWTO Rules on SubsidiesShould the Importing Country Impose Countervailing Duties?Case Study Agriculture Is AmazingStrategic Export Subsidies Could Be GoodGlobal Governance Dogfight at the WTOChapter 12 Trade Blocs and Trade BlocksTypes of Economic BlocsIs Trade Discrimination Good or Bad?The Basic Theory of Trade Blocs: Trade Creation and Trade DiversionOther Possible Gains from a Trade BlocThe EU ExperienceCase Study Postwar Trade Integration in EuropeNorth America Becomes a BlocTrade Blocs among Developing CountriesTrade EmbargoesChapter 13 Trade and the EnvironmentIs Free Trade Anti-Environment?Is the WTO Anti-Environment?Global Governance Dolphins, Turtles, and the WTOThe Specificity Rule AgainA Preview of Policy PrescriptionsTrade and Domestic PollutionTrans-border PollutionGlobal Environmental ChallengesChapter 14 Trade Policies for Developing CountriesWhich Trade Policy for Developing Countries?Are the Long-Run Price Trends against Primary Producers?Case Study Special Challenges of TransitionInternational Cartels to Raise Primary-Product PricesImport-Substituting Industrialization (ISI)Exports of Manufactures to Industrial CountriesChapter 15 Multinationals and Migration: International Factor MovementsForeign Direct InvestmentMultinational EnterprisesFDI: History and Current PatternsWhy Do Multinational Enterprises Exist?Taxation of Mul tinational Enterprises’ProfitsCase Study CEMEX: A Model Multinational from an Unusual PlaceMNEs and International TradeShould the Home Country Restrict FDI Outflows?Should the Host Country Restrict FDI Inflows?Focus on China China as a Host CountryMigrationHow Migration Affects Labor MarketsShould the Sending Country Restrict Emigration?Should the Receiving Country Restrict Immigration?Case Study Are Immigrants a Fiscal Burden?APPENDIXESA The Web and the Library: International Numbers and Other InformationB Deriving Production-Possibility CurvesC Offer CurvesD The Nationally Optimal Tariff周瑞琪. International Trade Practice. University of International Business and Economics press. 2011.9CONTENTSChapter One General Introduction（第一章导论）1.1 Reasons for International Trade （国际间贸易的起因）1.2 Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade （国际贸易与国内贸易的差异）1.3 Classification of International Trade（国际贸易的分类）1.4 Export and Import Procedures（进出口贸易的程序）1.5 Overview of This Book （本书的基本内容）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Two International Trade Terms（第二章国际贸易术语）2.1 Three Sets of Rules （三种贸易术语的解释规则）2.2 Basics of Incoterms 2010 （2010年国际贸易术语解释通则基本概念）2.3 Application Issues（贸易术语在使用中应注意的问题）2.4 Determinants of Choice of Trade Terms （贸易术语选用的决定因素）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Chapter Three Export Price（第三章出口商品的价格）3.1 Expression of Export Price（出口价格的表达）3.2 Pricing Considerations（影响定价的因素）3.3 Calculation of Price（价格的计算）3.4 Understanding the Price（价格的评估）3.5 Communication of Price（价格的沟通）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Chapter Four Terms of Commodity（第四章商品条款）4.1 Name of Commodity （商品的名称）4.2 Specifying Quality（商品的品质）4.3 Measuring Quantity（商品的数量）4.4 Packing and Marking（商品的包装及标志）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Chapter Five Cargo Transportation（第五章国际货物运输）5.1 Ocean Transportation （海洋运输）5.2 Other Modes of Transportation （其他运输方式）5.3 Transportation Documents（运输单据）5.4 Shipment Clause in the Sales Contract（销售合同中的装运条款）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Six Cargo Transportation Insurance（第六章货物运输保险）6.1 Fundamental Principles of Cargo Insurance（货物保险的基本原则）6.2 Marine Risks and Losses（海上风险和损失）6.3 Coverage of Marine Cargo Insurance of CIC（我国海上货物保险范围）6.4 Coverage of Marine Cargo Insurance of ICC（协会货物保险范围）6.5 Other Types of Cargo Insurance（其他货物保险的种类）6.6 Procedures of Cargo Insurance（货物保险程序）6.7 Insurance Terms in the Sales Contract（销售合同中的保险条款）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Seven International Payments（第七章国际货款支付）7.1 Issues in Concern（影响支付条件的因素）7.2 Paying Instruments（支付工具）7.3 Remittance（汇付）7.4 Collection（托收）7.5 Basics of Letter of Credit（信用证基础知识）7.6 Types of Documentary Credit（跟单信用证的种类）7.7 Letter of Guarantee（L/G）（保函）7.8 Export Financing（出口融资）7.9 Payment Problems（支付中出现的问题）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Eight Export Documentation（第八章出口单证）8.1 Significance of Documentation（单证的重要性）8.2 Basic Requirements for Documentation（单证的基本要求）8.3 Prerequisites of Documentation（制单的依据）8.4 Export Documents（出口单证的种类）8.5 Clause Concerning Documents in the Sales Contract（销售合同中有关单证的条款）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Nine Inspection, Claim, Force Majeure and Arbitration（第九章商检、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁）9.1 Commodity Inspection（商品检验）9.2 Disputes and Claims（争议和索赔）9.3 Force Majeure（不可抗力）9.4 Arbitration（仲裁）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Key to Exercises（练习答案）Glossary（词汇表）Appendix 1INCOTERMS 2010 （FOB, CFR, CIF）（附录12010年国际贸易术语解释通则（FOB，CFR，CIF））Appendix 2CISG 1980 （Part II）（附录2联合国国际货物销售合同公约1980（第二部分）) References （参考书目）帅建林. International Trade Practice. University of International Business and Economics press. 2007.9CONTENTSPart 1 OverviewChapter 1 Introduction to International TradeChapter 2 International Trade PolicyChapter 3 Trade Bloc and Trade BlockChapter 4 WTO :A Navigation GuidePart 2 Terms of International TradeChapter 5 International Trade TermsChapter Terms of CommodityChapter International Cargo TransportChapter 8 Cargo InsuranceChapter 9 Terms of PriceChapter 10 International Payment and SettlementChapter 11 Claims, Force Majeure and ArbitrationPart 3 International Trade ProcedureChapter 12 Launching a Profitable TransactionChapter 13 Business Negotiation and Establishment of ContractChapter 14 Exporting ElementsChapter 15 Importing ElementsChapter 16 DocumentationPart 4 Trade FormsChapter 17 Agency, Distribution and ConsignmentChapter 18 TendersChapter 19 Counter TradeChapter 20 Futures TradingChapter 21 E-CommerceAppendix Glossary of International Trade Terms with English-Chinese InterpretationsBibliographyPaul R.Krugman & Maurice Obstfeld. International Economics:Theory andPolicy,8E. Tsinghua University press. 2011-11Contents前言第1章绪论第1部分国际贸易理论第2章世界贸易：概览第3章劳动生产率和比较优势：李嘉图模型第4章资源、比较优势和收入分配第5章标准贸易模型第6章规模经济、不完全竞争和国际贸易第7章国际要素流动第2部分国际贸易政策第8章贸易政策工具第9章贸易政策中的政治经济学第10章发展中国家的贸易政策第11章贸易政策中的争论数学附录第4章附录要素比例模型第5章附录贸易下的世界经济第6章附录垄断竞争模模型张素芳，International trade: theory and practice. University of International Business & Economics Press, Beijing, 2010contentsSection I. International Trade Theory and PolicyCHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL TRADE1.The Reasons for International Trade1.1. Resources reasons1.2. Economic reasons1.3. Other reasons2. The Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade'.'2.1. More plex context2.2. More difficult and risky2.3. Higher skills required3.Basic Concepts Relating to International Trade3.1. Visible trade and invisible trade3.2. Favorable balance of trade and unfavorable balance oft rade3.3. General trade system and special trade system3.4. Volume of international trade and quantum of international trade3.5. Commodity position of international trade3.6. Geographical position of international trade3.7. Degree of dependence on foreign tradeCHAPTER 2.CLASSICAL TRADE THEORIES1.Mercantilism1.1. The development of mercantilist thought1.2. The mercantilist economic system1.3. Economic policies pursued by the mercantilists1.4. Discussions2.David Hume's Challenge to Mercantilism2.1. Assumptions of price-specie=flow mechanism2.2. The price-specie-flow mechanism3.Adam Smith's Theory of Absolute Advantage3.1. Assumptions of Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage3.2. Challenge to Mercantilism3.3. Example4.David Ricardo's Theory of Comparative Advantage4.1. The concept of parative advantage4.2. Example4.3. Analysis of the theory of parative advantage by using modemtools. CHAPTER 3.NEOCLASSICAL TRADE THEORIES.1.Gains from Trade in Neoclassical Trade Theory1.1. Increasing opportunity costs on the PPF1.2. General equilibrium and gains in autarky1.3. General equilibrium and gains after the introduction of international trade ...2.Reciprocal Demand Theory2.1. A country's offer curve2.2. Trading equilibrium2.3. Measurement of terms of trade3.Factor Endowment Theory3.1. Factor intensity in production3.2. Factor endowments, factor prices, and parative advantage3.3. Assumptions of the factor proportions theory.,3.4. The Heckscher-Ohlin theorem.:3.5. An example to illustrate H-O theorem.3.6. The factor price equalization theorem:3.7. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem4.The Leontief Paradox——An Empirical Test of the Factor Proportions Theory 4.1. The Leontief paradox.-4.2. Suggested explanations for the Leontief Paradox and related theories CHAPTER 4.POST-HECKSHER-OHLIN THEORIES OF TRADE1.The Product Cycle Theory1.1. The imitation lag hypothesis1.2. The product cycle theory2.The Linder Theory2.1. Assumptions of the Linder theory2.2. Trade es in the overlapping ranges of products ophistication.:3.Intra-Industry Trade Theory3.1. Explanations of intra-industry trade3.2. Measurement of intra-industry tradeCHAPTER 5.IMPORT PROTECTION POLICY: TARIFFS1.Types of Import Tariffs1.1. In terms of the means of collection1.2. In terms of the different tariff rates applied1.3. In terms of special purposes for collection2.The Effects of Import Tariffs2.1. Concepts of consumer surplus and producer surplus2.2. The welfare effects of import tariffs3.Measurement of Import Tariffs3.1. The 'height' of import tariffs3.2. Nominal versus effective tariff ratesCHAPTER 6.IMPORT PROTECTION POLICY: NON-TARIFF BARRIERS''1.Forms of Non-tariff Barriers.1.1. Quantity control measures1.2. Price control measures1.3. Para-tariff measures1.4. Finance measures1.5. Anti-petitive measures.,.1.6. Miscellaneous measures2.Effects of Non-tariff Barriers2.1. The effects of an import quota2.2. The effects of a subsidy to an import-peting industryCHAPTER 7.EXPORT PROMOTION AND OTHER POLICIES1.Export Subsidy and Production Subsidy1.1. Export subsidy and its effects1.2. Production subsidy and its effects.2.Other Export Promotion Policies2.1. Devaluation of home currency.2.2. Commodity dumping2.3. Bonded warehouse2.4. Special trade zone2.5. Export promotion programs3.Export Restrictions and Import Promotion Policies3.1. Export restrictions policies3.2. Import promotion policies4.Trade Sanctions4.1. Introduction to trade sanctions4.2. Effectiveness of trade sanctionsCHAPTER 8.ARGUMENTS AGAINST FREE TRADE1.Traditional Arguments against Free Trade1.1. Infant industry argument.1.2. Terms of trade argument1.3. Balance of trade argument1.4. Tariff to reduce aggregate unemployment argument1.5. Fair petition argument1.6. National security argument2.New Protectionism2.1. Tariff to extract foreign monopoly profit2.2. Export subsidy in duopoly3.The Political Economy of Trade Policy3.1. Median voter model3.2. Collective action theory.3.3. Contribution in political campaignsCHAPTER 9.REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATIONof Regional Economic Integration1.1. Preferential tariff arrangement1.2. Free trade area1.3. Customs union1.4. Common market.1.5. Economic union2.The Static and Dynamic Effects of Regional Economic Integration2.1. Static effects of regional economic integration2.2. Dynamic effects of regional economic integration3.Economic Integration in Europe, North America and Asia3.1. Economic integration in Europe……………………………………Chapter 10 International Cargo Transportation InsuranceChapter 11 International Trade PaymentChapter 12 Inspection,Claim,Force Majeure and ArbitrationChapter 13 Trade Negotiation and Formation of the ContractChapter 14 Implementation of the Contract丹尼斯·R·阿普尔亚德 & 小艾尔弗雷德·J·菲尔德 & 史蒂文·L·科布.国际贸易.中国人民大学出版社. 2012-7第1章国际经济学的世界第一部分古典贸易理论第2章早期的国际贸易理论：由重商主义向大卫·李嘉图的古典贸易理论的演进第3章大卫·李嘉图的古典贸易理论和比较优势第4章对古典贸易模型的扩充及验证第二部分新贸易理论第5章新古典贸易理论——基本分析工具的介绍第6章新古典贸易理论中的贸易利得第7章贸易提供曲线和贸易条件第8章贸易的基础：要素禀赋理论和赫克歇尔俄林模型第9章要素禀赋理论的实证分析第三部分贸易理论的扩展第10章后赫克歇尔俄林贸易理论与产业内贸易第11章经济增长与国际贸易第12章国际要素流动第四部分贸易政策第13章贸易政策工具第14章贸易政策的影响第15章对干涉主义贸易政策的争论第16章经济的政治因素与美国的对外贸易政策第17章经济一体化第18章国际贸易与发展中国家参考文献当我被上帝造出来时，上帝问我想在人间当一个怎样的人，我不假思索的说，我要做一个伟大的世人皆知的人。
《国际贸易实务》(英文版)_词汇
《国际贸易实务》（英文版）词汇Chapter 1 Introduction to International TradeTrade Surplus 贸易顺差National Development and Reform Commission 国家发展和改革委员会Export Tax Rebates 出口退税Export Taxes 出口关税Export-driven Economic Growth 出口导向型经济增长Excess Liquidity 流动性过剩Trade Frictions 贸易摩擦International Trade 国际贸易World Trade 世界贸易Foreign Trade 对外贸易Overseas Trade 海外贸易Trade in Goods 货物贸易Trade in Services 服务贸易Self-sufficient 自给自足Economic Resources 经济资源Barter 物物交换，以货易货，实物交易，易货贸易Visible Trade 有形贸易Invisible Trade 无形贸易Transportation 运输Insurance 保险Tourism 旅游业Balance of Trade 贸易差额A Favorable Balance of Trade 贸易顺差Trade Surplus 贸易顺差An Unfavorable Balance of Trade 贸易逆差Trade Deficit 贸易逆差Balance of Payments 国际收支平衡，国际收支差额A Favorable Balance of Payments 国际收支顺差An Unfavorable Balance of Payments 国际收支逆差International Monetary Fund（IMF）国际货币基金组织Foreign Direct Investment（FDI）对外直接投资，外商直接投资Portfolio Investment 间接投资Chapter 2 International Trade PolicyProtectionism 贸易保护主义Free Trade 自由贸易The National Interest 国家利益Doha Trade Talks 多哈贸易谈判Acquisitions 购并Trade Barriers 贸易壁垒Infant Industries 幼稚产业Tariffs 关税Subsidies 补贴Quantitative Restrictions 数量限制Encouragements 鼓励Import Tariff 进口关税Non-tariff Barriers（NTB）非关税壁垒Export Taxes 出口关税Export Subsidies 出口补贴Protective Tariffs 保护性关税Revenue Tariff 财政关税Specific Duties 从量税Ad Valorem Duties 从价税Compound Duties 复合税Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States（HTS）美国协调关税明细表Harmonized System 商品名称及编码协调制度International Harmonized Commodity Coding and Classification System 商品名称及编码协调制度World Customs Organization 世界海关组织Customs Tariff of Import/Export of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国进出口关税条例Import Quota 进口配额Binding Quota 限制性配额Non-binding Quota不具约束力的配额Zero QuotaAbsolute Quotas 绝对配额Tariff-rate Quotas 关税配额Voluntary Export Restraint（VER）自动出口限制Multi-Fiber Arrangement 多种纤维协定Market Failures 市场失灵Domestic Content Requirements 国内成分要求Government Procurement Policies 政府采购政策Buy America Act of 1933 1933年购买美国货法案Red-tape Barriers进口环节壁垒Domestic Supply 国内供给Domestic Demand 国内需求Floor Price 最低限价Shortfall of Supply 供应短缺Export Enhancement Program（EEP）美国的出口促进计划Dairy Export Incentive Program（DEIP）奶制品出口激励项目Chapter 3 Trade Bloc and Trade BlockAsia-Pacific Economic Co-operation Organization （APEC）亚太经合组织Hanoi 河内（越南首都）Stalemate 僵局Open Regionalism 开放的区域主义Trade Liberalization 贸易自由化Most Favored Nation 最惠国Multilateralism 多边贸易Doha Round 多哈回合Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the Pacific（FTAAP）亚太自由贸易协定Free Trade Area 自由贸易区Preferential Trade Agreements（PTAs）特殊优惠贸易协议Bilateral Free Trade Agreements 双边自由贸易协定Discriminatory Tariffs 歧视性关税Tariff Rates 关税税率Trade Discrimination 贸易歧视Trade Bloc 贸易集团Trade Block 贸易禁运EU（European Union）欧盟（欧洲联盟）NAFTA（North American Free Trade Agreement）北美自由贸易协定，北美自由贸易区MERCOSUR（Mercado Comun del Cono Sur）南方共同市场SCCM（Southern Common Markets）南方共同市场ASEAN（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）东南亚国家联盟EFTA（European Free Trade Area）欧洲自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area（AFTA）东盟自由贸易区Customs Union 关税同盟EEC（European Economic Community）欧洲经济共同体EC（the European Community）欧洲共同体Economic Union 经济同盟，经济联盟Trade Embargoes 贸易禁运Economic Sanctions 经济制裁United Nations 联合国Stamp Act 印花税法案Townshend Acts 汤森条例Trade Elasticity 贸易弹性Chapter 4 WTO：A Navigation GuideFranchises 特许经营World Trade Organization（WTO）世界贸易组织Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（GATT）关税与贸易总协定Doha Development Agenda 多哈发展议程（多哈回合谈判）WTO Agreements 世界贸易组织协议The World Bank 世界银行International Monetary Fund（IMF）国际货币基金组织Appellate Body 上诉机构Dispute Settlement Panels 争端解决专门小组Plurilateral Committees 诸边协议委员会Ministerial Conference 部长会议The General Council 常务理事会The Dispute Settlement Body 争端解决机构The Trade Policy Review Body 贸易政策审议机构Goods Council 货物贸易理事会Services Council 服务贸易理事会TRIPS Council 与贸易有关的知识产权理事会The Textiles Monitoring Body 纺织品监督机构Heads of Delegations（HOD）代表团首脑The Secretariat 秘书处Sustainable Development 可持续发展Plurilateral Trade Agreement 诸边贸易协定Marrakesh Ministerial Meeting 马拉喀什部长会议（摩洛哥）TRIPS Agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协定Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（TRIPS）与贸易有关的知识产权Contracting Parties 缔约国Trade Without Discrimination 贸易无歧视Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 最惠国待遇National Treatment 国民待遇Transparency 透明度Access to Markets 市场准入Navigation Guide 导航General Agreement on Trade in Services（GATS）服务贸易总协定Trade-Related Investment Measures TRIMS 与贸易有关的投资措施Chapter 5 Terms of Commodity——QualityCommodity 商品、货物Manufactured Goods 工业制成品Name of Commodity 货物的品名Description of Goods 货物的名称，货物的描述Quality of Commodity 货物的品质Sample 样品Representative Sample 代表性样品Original Sample 原样Type Sample 标准样品Reference Sample 参考样品Duplicate Sample 复样Sale by Sell’s Sample 凭卖方样品买卖（销售）Sale by buyer’s Sample 凭买方样品买卖（销售）Return Sample 回样Counter Sample 对等样品Sealed Sample 封样The Parties to the Contract 合同的当事人Quality to be about equal to the Sample 品质与样品大致相同Specifications 规格Grade 等级Standard 标准Fair Average Quality（F.A.Q.）良好平均品质Good Merchantable Quality（G.M.Q.）上好可销品质Brand 品牌Trademark 商标Description，Drawing and Diagram 说明书，图纸和技术协议书等Quality Tolerance 品质公差Chapter 5 Terms of Commodity——QuantityQuantity of Commodity 货物的数量Unit of Measurement 计量单位The Metric System 公制The British System 英制The U.S. System 美制Numbers 个数Weight 重量Length 长度Area 面积Volume 体积Capacity 容积International Measurement Conference 国际测量会议International System of Units（SI）国际单位制Gross Weight 毛重Net Weight 净重Gross for net 以毛作净Conditioned Weight 公量Theoretical Weight 理论重量More of Less Clause 溢短装条款Chapter 5 Terms of Commodity——PackingPaking 包装Nude Cargo 裸装货Cargo in Bulk 散装货Outer Packing 外包装Baling 打包Hogsheads 美国橡木桶Inner Packing 内包装Pallet 托盘Shipping Mark 运输标志（唛头）Additional Mark 附属性标志Indicative Mark 指示性标志Warning Mark 警告性标志Neutral Packing 中性包装Neutral Packing with Designated Brand 定牌中性包装Neutral Packing without Designated Brand 无牌中性包装Chapter 6 International Trade TermsL/C Issuing Date 信用证的开证日期Partial Shipment 分批装运Transshipment 转运Shipment 装运Terms of Payment 支付条件Draft 汇票Liner 班轮Trade Terms，Price Terms，Delivery Terms 贸易术语，价格术语，交货术语Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932 1932年华沙——牛津规则International Law Association 国际法律协会Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本INCOTERMS 2000 2000年国际贸易术语解释通则International Chamber of Commerce（ICC）国际商会Carrier 承运人Frontier 边境Clear 清关Value added tax（VAT）增值税United Nations Commission on International Trade Law（UNCITRAL）联合国国际贸易法律委员会Ship’s Rail 船舷Quay 码头Multi-modal Transport 多式联运Trim 平舱Stow 理舱EXW 工厂交货FCA 货交承运人FOB 装运港船上交货FAS 货交船边CFR 成本加运费CIF 成本加保险费加运费CPT 运费付至CIP 运费、保险费付至DAF 边境交货DES 目的港船上交货DEQ 目的港码头交货DDU 未完税交货DDP 完税后交货。
国际结算中英对照范文
11.1 The Concept of International Trade国际贸易的观念International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for those produced in another country. In mo st cases countries do not trade the actual the goods and services. Rather they use the income or money from the sale of their products to buy the products of another country.1.2 Introduction to International Payments and SettlementsInternational payments and settlements are financial activi ties conducted among different countries in which payments are effecte d or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to clear relations of debts.国际支付与结算是指为清偿国际间的债权债务关系或跨国转移资金而发生在不同国家之间的货币收付活动。
1.2 categories(分类)(1)、According to the cause of international settlement International trade settlement(国际贸易结算)International trade settlement is created on the basis of sa les of commodities.国际贸易结算是指有形贸易活动（即由商品的进出口）引起的货币收付活动.（主要形式）International non-trade settlement (国际非贸易结算)invisible trade无形交易financial transaction金融业务payment between governments政府间的款项others 其他业务(2)、According to whether cash is used Cash settlement(现金结算)International payments is effected by shipping precious metals taking the form of coins, bars or bullions to or from the trading countries. Non-cash settlement(非现金结算)International payment is settled by way of transferring funds through the accounts opened in these banks.Four major clearing systems in the world(四大清算系统)2.1 SWIFT(Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication )SWIFT is a service organization established to meet a number of specialized service needs relating to interbank financial communicatio ns through a dedicated data processing and telecommunication system. Membership 会员制Low expenses 低费用Security 安全性Standardised 标准化2.2 CHIPS(The Clearing House Interbank Payment System).纽约清算所同业支付系统 2.3 CHAPS（Clearing House Automated Payment System）伦敦银行同业自动支付系统 2.4 TATGET（Trans-European Automated Real-Time Gross-Settlement Express Transfer）泛欧实时全额自动清算系统3.1 Correspondent Bank代理银行Correspondent banking is an arrangement under which one bank ( correspondent) holds deposits owned by other banks (respondents) and p rovides payment and other services to those respondent banks. Such ar rangements may also be known as agency relationships in some domestic contexts.是接受其他国家或地区的银行委托，代办国际结算业务或提供其他服务，并建立相互代理业务关系的银行。
国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案
III. Explain the following terms1. shipment contractShipment contract is a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the time of shipment.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract means a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questions1. Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment. Under arrival contract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination.5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation, c. The seller must obtain insurance against the buyer's risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt? What should youdo?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms?FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing?Importing. FOB should be used with a "named port of shipment", if Hamburg is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated "The shipment will be effected in March 2011." When the goods were ready on 10March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed "Please send the goods to the port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on 22 March." The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly. However the nominated vessel did not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged.When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The seller required the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within the shipment period and the loss occurred before the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析：1)首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。
Ch6 Import Tariffs国际贸易
（5） Rules of origin
National source of a product
(i) Rule of direct consignment If via the third country or territory, under the custody of customs, and provide relevant certifications of transit.
A historic example:
Commonwealth or imperial preference: Great Britain levied a lower rate to goods from countries that were members of the British Commonwealth (Australia, Canada, or India. ) EU: a series of preferential trade agreements with certain developing nations in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP). In 1989, the Fourth Lome Convention was signed between the EU and 66 ACP countries ( industrial and agricultural products)
2. Ad valorem duty
Levied as a constant percentage of the monetary value of 1 unit of the imported good. Customs inspectors need to make a judgment on the monetary value of the imported good.
国际贸易实务双语教程(第三版)unit 06
Square feet Square foot 平方英尺 平方英寸
(Table 6-1units of Measurement) P 119
Units of Measurement
Weight gram (g), kilogram (kg), ounce (oz), pound (Ib), metric ton (M/T), long ton, short ton, etc. Number piece (pc), package (pkg), pair, set, dozen (doz), gross (gr) ream (rm),etc. Length meter (m), centimeter (cm), foot (ft), yard (yd),etc. Area square meter (sq m), square foot (sq ft), square yard (sq yd) ,etc. Volume ubic-meter (cu m) cubic centimeter (cu cm), cubic foot (ct ft), cubic yard (cu yd) ,etc. Capacity liter (1), gallon (gal), pint (pt), bushel (bu),etc.
1 0.0001
0.8361 0.0929 0.00065 0.111
10000 1
Chapter 6 Payment terms 国际支付条款
Supplementary info: (背景知识)
• 汇票可以用draft 或bill of exchange表示， 是出票人以书面票据命令付款人立即或某 一固定日期或在将来某一固定日期、无条 件支付一定金额给指定受款人的一种命令。 [其使用程序包括出票(to draw/to issue)、提 示(presentation)、承兑(acceptance)、付款 (payment)、背书(endorsement)、拒付 (dishonour)及追索。]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
⑤收受款人（又称抬头人或受款人Payee） 通常有三种写法： a. 限制性抬头 填写“pay to xxx company only”或“pay to xxx not transferable”，这种汇票不能背书转让。 b. 指示性抬头 填写“pay to the order of xxx ”。这种汇票背书后可以转让。 c. 来人抬头,又称持票人抬头，即付款给汇票持有者。 如：“Pay to bearer”，付款人通常是银行。以下是中国主要银行： 中国银行 中国工商银行 中国建设银行 中国农业银行 托收方式下的汇票受款人一般使用指示性抬头，即以托收行（Remitting Bank）为受款人。这种方式不用背书 就可转让，风险较大，现已很少使用。 ⑥汇票大写金额（Amount in Words of Draft） 用大写字母和货币填写，与③保持一致，应在“the sum of”后小写金额使用英文大写数字填写金额，大写金额 前冠以货币全称，并且全称应以复数形式出现，句末加上“Only”（整），否则银行拒绝付款。 例如：SAY U.S. Dollars SEVEN THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED ONLY, SAY POUND STERLING THREE THOUSAND SIX HUNDREND ONLY, SAY DEUTSCHE MARK SEVEN THOUSAND FIVE HUNDREN ONLY, SAY JAPANESE YEN FOUR THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED AND TWENTY ONLY. 大写金额的小数点以下的辅币的表示方法，以0.75美元为例，有以下几种写法：1）CENTS SEVENTY FIVE ONLY。2）…AND 75% ONLY。 3）…AND 75/100 ONLY。 ⑦出票条款(Drawn Clause) 如果采用信用证支付方式，一般应列明某日某行某信用证，如“Drawn under xxx Bank L/C NO. xxx dated xxx”。如果采用托收，填写“For collection” ⑧付款人（Drawee）:汇票左小角的“ＴＯ”栏 通常是开证行或进口商（须列明详细名、址）。 ⑨出票人签字(Signature of the Drawer) 在托收方式下出票人是委托人，在信用证方式下是受益人。出票人应完全符合信用证的规定。没有出票人签字 和盖章的汇票是无效的。
集美大学国际支付与结算课后答案
Chapter 1 Brief Introduction to International TradeⅠ.Fill in the blanks to complete each sentence.1. An international sales contract is not merely a document setting forth quanti ty, price, delivery arrangement of the product; it must also take into account the local legal system and political and exchange risks in the country involved.2. Settlement on commercial credit usually includes payment in advance, ope n account, remittance and collection.3. Settlements on bank credit include letter of credit and bank guarantee.4. Trade terms are also called price terms and delivery terms.5. While the EXW ( Ex Works) terms represents the minimum obligation for the seller, DDP represents the maximum obligationa.6. Payment in advance is most advantageous to the seller.7. Open account is least advantageous to the seller.8. Collection can be divided into documentary collection and clean collection. Ⅱ. Define the following terms.(略)Ⅲ.Translate the following terms or sentences into English.1.以银行信用为基础的结算:settlement on bank credit2.货币波动的可能性：the potential of the fluctuation of currency3.出口清关:clear the goods for export/export clearance)4.支付保费: pay the insurance premium5.办理出口手续: handle export formality6.国际贸易的主要参与者:major participants in international trade7.商品检验条款:commodity inspection clause8.履行交货责任:fulfill the obligation to deliver goods9.货物已越过船舷:the goods pass the ship’s rail10.国际贸易合同是在与国内贸易合同完全不同的环境下进行的。
国际贸易付款协议书
国际贸易付款协议书1. 引言2. 协议书的目的和背景国际贸易付款协议书的目的是确保卖方能按照买方的要求获得款项，并确保买卖双方能够在交易过程中遵守双方约定的条款和条件。
背景是指交易的背景和相关的信息，包括买卖双方的姓名、地质、联系方式，以及交易的货物、数量、价格等。
3. 付款方式协议书应明确规定付款方式，例如信用证、电汇、托收等。
条款应包括付款的时间、地点和金额等具体细节。
4. 付款条件付款条件是指买卖双方就付款事项达成的约定。
这些条件可能包括货物交付后支付、预付款、分期付款等。
协议书应明确规定付款的条件和安排。
5. 风险分担协议书应明确规定买卖双方在交易过程中的风险分担。
这些风险可能包括货物丢失、损坏、延迟交货等。
协议书中应确保风险的责任和赔偿责任。
6. 过程控制和文件要求协议书应明确规定所需的文件和文件要求。
这些文件可能包括售货发票、装运单据、保险单证等。
协议书应明确规定这些文件的必要性、数量和时间要求。
7. 管辖法律和争议解决条款协议书应明确规定适用的管辖法律和争议解决条款。
这些条款可能包括仲裁、诉讼等争议解决方式。
8. 生效和终止协议书应明确规定协议书的生效日期和终止日期。
协议书在达成协议后即时生效，并在达成目标或终止后自动终止。
9. 其他条款这部分可以包括一些特殊条款，例如免责条款、保密条款等。
根据实际情况确定是否需要包含这些条款。
10. 结论国际贸易付款协议书是确保买卖双方能够安全和顺利进行交易的重要文件。
在起草协议书时，应确保协议书的明确性、完整性和可执行性。
协议书应被认证并保存在双方的档案中，以备将来参考和维护交易的证据。
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二、票据 Bill （一）票据的法律特性
1、票据是流通证券
2、票据是无因证券
3、票据是一种要式证券
（二）票据法律体系 法国体系、英国体系、德国体系、日内瓦公约体系 （三）票据的种类 汇票、本票、支票
1、汇票 Bill of Exchange/ Draft
（1）概念：指出票人签发的，委托付款人在见票
5
付 款 后 代 收 行 交 单
4
审 单 无 误 后 付 款
方3 提 示按 汇委 票托 和书 单指 据示 向 买
即期付款交单 （D/P at sight） 远期付款交单 （D/P after sight）
2.寄交托收指示书、 汇票、货运单据 6.办理转帐并通知款已收妥
7 交 款
代收行
托收行
承兑交单 （document against acceptance, D/A）
2、本票Note 又称期票，是指由出票人签发的，承诺自己在见票
时无条件支付确定金额给收款人或持票人的票据。
出票人即付款人，是一种特殊的汇票。 指出票人签发的，委托办理支票存款业务的银行 在见票时无条件支付确定金额给收款人或持票人的 票据。 即以银行为付款人的见票即付的汇票，是一种特 殊的汇票。
限制性背书：禁止汇票再度背书转让的背书。 对被背书人的后手不付追索责任。 免受追索背书：背书人在背书时注明“免予追索”或类似措 辞。对所有后手不负追索责任。
B、汇票的提示： 承兑提示、付款提示 ——应在法律或票据规定的时间内提示。 C、汇票的承兑： 汇票的付款人表示接受出票人的提示，同意承担付 款义务，而将此项意思表示以书面记载于汇票上的 义务。 承兑前，汇票付款人不承担付款义务，但一经承兑 后，承兑人是汇票的主债务人，出票人和背书人都 只是从债务人。 D、汇票的拒付与追索 被追索人： 出票人、前手背书人、担保人（承兑前） 承兑人、出票人、前手背书人、担保人（承兑后）
付款人 （进口人） 4 到 期 日 付 款 人提 3 承示按 兑汇委 汇票托 票和书 ，单指 银据示 行，向 交进买 单口方 2.寄交托收指示书、 汇票、货运单据 5.办理转帐并通知款已收妥 合同规定承兑交单方式 委托人 （出口人） 票收 1 ，委 跟托装 单书货 交，， 付开填 立写 汇托
6 交 款
SWIFT信用证
SWIFT信用证是“Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications"(全球银行间金融电讯协会）的简称。该 组织于1973年在比利时成立，协会已有209个国家的9000多家 银行，证券机构和企业客户参加，通过自动化国际金融电讯 网办理成员银行间资金调拨，汇款结算，开立信用证，办理 信用证项下的汇票业务和托收等业务。SWIFT有自动开证格 式，在信用证开端标着MT700，MT701代号。SWIFT成员银 行均参加国际商会，遵守SWIFT规定，使用SWIFT格式开立 信用证，其信用证则受国际商会UCP600条款约束。所以通过 SWIFT格式开证，实质上已相当于根据UCP600开立信用证。 SWIFT的使用，使银行的结算提供了安全、可靠、快捷、标 准化、自动化的通讯业务，从而大大提高了银行的结算速 度 .SWIFT实行会员制，我国的大多数专业银行都是其成员。 SWIFT的费用相对较低，同样多的内容，SWIFT的费用只有 TELEX（电传）的18%左右，CABLE（电报）的2.5%左右。 SWIFT的安全性较高，它使用的密押比电传的密押可靠性强、 保密性高，且具有较高的自动化水平。SWIFT的格式具有标 准化，对于SWIFT电文，SWIFT组织有着统一的要求和标准
电/信汇业务程序图
汇款人
书 、 交 款 、 付 费 1 电 信 汇 申 请 买卖合同规定以电/信汇付 款
收款人
(Telegraphic Transfer, T/T）
（Mail Transfer, M/T）
3 汇 款 通 知
4
5 付 款
收 据
汇出行
/
2 电/信汇委托通知 6 寄送付讫借记通知并索偿
汇入行
票汇业务程序图
付款人 （买方） 1 票 汇 申 请 书 ， 2
买卖合同规定以票汇付款
4 .寄交银行即期汇票
收款人 （卖方） 5
交 款 、 付 费
银 行 即 期 汇 票
（Demand Draft ，D/D）
持 汇 票 取 款
6 付 款
汇出行 （出票人）
3 寄汇票通知书（票根）
7 寄送付讫借记通知并索偿
（四）种类 1、光票托收
2、跟单托收documentary bill collection （1）付款交单 （2）承兑交单
付款交单 （document against payment, D/P）
付款人 （进口人） 合同规定付款交单方式 委托人 （出口人） 票收 1 ，委 跟托装 单书货 交，， 付开填 立写 汇托
汇入行 （付款人）
二、银行托收collection
(一）概念 卖方以买方为付款人开立汇票，委托银行代其向买方收取货 款的一种结算方式。 （二）基本程序：P184
(三）当事人 委托人（卖方）、托收行（出口地银行）、 代收行、付款人（买方） clean bill collection
第二节 国际贸易支付方式
一、买方直接付款
direct payment by buyers（汇付） （一）概念 指买方通过银行主动将款项支付给卖方。一般是买方（汇 款人）委托当地银行（汇出行）向卖方（收款人）付款，汇 出行再委托卖方所在地银行（汇入行）向卖方付款。 （二）当事人 汇款人（买方）、汇出行、汇入行、收款人（卖方） （三））种类 1、信汇M/T 2、电汇T/T 3、票汇D/D 银行汇票bank draft：指以买方所在地银行为出票人，以卖 方所在地银行为受票人，以卖方为受款人的即期汇票。
知识点补充----追索时效的规定：
两年： （1）汇票的持票人对出票人的权利。 （2）汇票的持票人对承兑人的权利。 （3）本票的持票人对出票人的权利。 六个月： （1）支票的持票人对出票人的权利。 （2）持票人对前手的追索权。 三个月： 再追索权持票人对其前手的再追索权 再追索权，是经其他票据权利人追索而清偿了票据 债务的票据债务人，取得票据后得行使的向其前手再为追索 的权利。
时或者在指定日期无条件支付确定的金额给收款人 或者持票人的票据。
（2）汇票的当事人： 出票人drawer、 受票人（付款人）drawee、 收款人
（3）汇票的内容：七项（表明“汇票”的字样；无条 件支付的委托；确定的金额；付款人姓名；收款人姓名； 出票日期；出票人签章） 汇票的种类：银行汇票和商业汇票 （4）各种票据行为： 出票Draw、背书Endorsement 、提示Note、 承兑Acceptance、保证Guarantee、付款Remit、 拒付Refusal与追索Recourse A、 汇票的背书： 指持票人一般在背面签上自己的名字，写上或不写 受让人的名字并将汇票交付给受让人的行为。 记名背书、空白背书（“付给来人”）
知识要点及分析思路
1、各当事人之间的关系。 2、有关票据行为：
出票、承兑、背书与贴现、拒付与追索
3、票据行为与合同行为间的关系
4、追索权的行使
参考答案
（1）甲公司应当履行付款责任。因为在本案中，甲公司作 为承兑人(其同时也是出票人)以乙公司未履行合同为由拒付票 款，该抗辩事由只是对乙公司的抗辩事由，不得对抗善意持 票人。S银行通过贴现，支付了相应的对价，经原持票人背书 后成为新的善意持票人，享有票据权利。S银行在承兑期间提 示承兑，甲公司不能以与持票人的前手即乙公司的抗辩事由 来对抗S银行，甲公司应履行其付款责任。（票据的无因性） （2）乙公司不负担连带责任。因为S银行的追索权时效已 届满。虽然我国票据法规定背书人以背书转让票据后，即承 担保证其后手所持汇票承兑和付款的责任。背书人在汇票得 不到承兑或付款时，应当向持票人清偿依法被追索的金额和 费用。所以，在本案中，讼争的商业承兑汇票在2006年4月 24日被拒付后，S银行有权在法定期间内向前手即背书人乙 公司行使追索权。但S银行并未及时行使这一权利，直到 2006年11月2日才对前手进行追索，已超过了法律规定的6个 月的追索时效。因此乙公司不需承担连带责任。
分析思路
1、托收当事人的法律关系
2、托收的性质
3、付款方式
D/P · T/R
T/R
三、信用证Letter of Credit(L/C) （一）概念 银行根据买方的请求开给卖方的一种保证有条件承 担支付货款的书面凭证。 （二）当事人 开证申请人（买方）、 开证行、（保兑行） 通知行、 受益人（卖方）、 议付行、 付款人（买方）
代收行
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ托收行
案例分析
我某外贸公司与某国A商达成一项出口合同，
付款条件为D/P45天付款。 当汇票及所附单 据通过托收行寄抵进口地代收行后，A商及 时在汇票上履行了承兑手续。货抵目的港时， 由于用货心切，A商出具信托收据向代收行 借得单据，先行提货转售。汇票到期时，A 商因经营不善，失去偿付能力。代收行以汇 票付款人拒付为由通知托收行，并建议由我 外贸公司直接向A商索取货款。对此，你认 为我外贸企业应如何处理？
3、支票Check
案例分析
2006年1月16 日，甲公司与乙公司签订了一份空调购销合同，双 方约定：由乙公司向甲公司供应空调100台，价款为25万元，甲 公司以票据结算，乙公司交货期为2006年1月30日。1月24 日， 甲公司向乙公司签发并承兑商业汇票一张，金额为 25万元，到期 日为2006年4月24日。2月10 日，乙公司持该汇票向S银行申请贴 现，S银行审核后同意贴现，向乙公司实付贴现金额 23.6万元， 乙公司将汇票背书转让给S银行。该商业汇票到期后，S银行持甲 公司承兑的汇票提示付款。甲公司以乙公司未履行合同为由不予 付款。2006年11月2 日，S银行又向其前手乙公司追索货款，亦 未果。为此，S银行诉至法院，要求汇票的承兑人甲公司偿付票款 25万元及利息；要求乙公司承担连带赔偿责任。甲公司辩称，论 争的商业承兑汇票确系由其签发并经承兑，但乙公司未履行合同， 有骗取票据之嫌，故拒绝支付票款。乙公司辩称，原合同约定的 履行期太短，无法按期交货，可以延期交货，但汇票追索时效已 过了6个月，S银行不能要求其承担连带责任。 请问：(1)甲公司是否应履行付款责任，为什么? (2)乙公司应否承担连带责任，为什么?