英语构词法讲解及专项练习

英语构词法讲解及专项练习

在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。

一、两个或更多的词合成一个词。

方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。(1) 合成形容词

方式例词

1形容词＋形容词red-hot

2形容词＋名词first-class, full-time, part-time

3形容词＋现在分词good-looking, free-thinking,

4形容词＋过去分词ready-made

5形容词＋名词-ed good-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded

6名词＋名词-ed iron-willed

7名词＋形容词world-famous, day-long

8名词＋现在分词beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting,

9名词＋过去分词man-made, water-covered,

10副词＋形容词ever-green

11副词＋现在分词hard-working, far-seeing

12副词＋过去分词well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known

13数词＋名词five-year

14数词＋名词+形容词five-year-old

15数词＋名词-ed four-legged, six-storied

(2)合成动词

构成方式例词

1名词＋动词day-dream

2副词＋动词

3形容词＋动词white-wash

(3)合成名词

构成方式例词

1名词＋名词horseback , bank-note, newspaper, cellphone,

2形容词＋名词back-yard, forehead,

3动名词＋名词hiding place, reading-room

4动词＋副词get-off, break in,

5副词＋动词output, overflow

(4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever

(5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything,

二、派生 Derivation

前缀

前缀含义例词

a-处在……arise, aside, alone

en-使可能enrich, enable, enslave

dis-不，否定dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagree un-不

做相反动作unclose, undress, uncover, untie

in-im-ir-il-不，非inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect

impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impractical

irregular, irresponsible

illogical,

non-不，非non existent, non-interference, non-conductor, non-stop de-向相反方向发展Decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻）

anti-反（对）anti-freeze, anti-fascist

mis-错误的，坏的misdoings, misunderstand, misfortune

re重复，再rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle,

co-共同co-exist, co-operate, co-education

ex以前的Ex-husband, ex-president

tele远程telephone, telegraph, telescope

super-在上面，超级supermarket, superpower,

under-在……之下underline, underestimate, underground,

inter-相互，之间international, interact, inter-change

sub-下，次subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent, trans-过，穿过，变transformation(变形), translate

vice-副vice-premier, vice-president

semi-半semifinal, semicircle, semi-automatic

bi两个bicycle, biennial两年一次的

tri三个triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎mul-多，多种multiply, multi-national, multi-coloured

kilo-千kilometre, kilogram

后缀

后缀例词

名词-er farmer, weaver, pain-killer, murderer, , villager, stranger, speaker, cooker, recorder, heater

-ess actress, waitress, princess, hostess

-or conductor, sailor, transistor, operator,

-ar beggar

-ese Chinese, Portuguese, Japanese

-ian musician, Egyptian, physician

-ist

-ent/-ant assistant

-ment argument, judgment, government

-ness happiness, greatness, illness, coldness, sleeplessness

-tion dictation, preparation, repetition, action, information, invention -ing building, wedding, painting

-ship leadership, friendship, hardship

-age shortage, marriage, leakage

-ty loyalty, cruelty, penalty, sixty, twenty, thirty, certainty

-th truth, warmth, length, growth, fifteenth, fourth