什么是国际十进分类法UDC分类

通用十进制图书分类法（UDC）官方查询（中文版）

通⽤⼗进制图书分类法（UDC）官⽅查询（中⽂版）
通⽤⼗进制图书分类法UDC查询⽅法
universal decimal classification
⼗进制图书分类法(UDC)由两位⽐利时书⽬专家（Paul Otlet、Henri la Fontaine）19世纪末在杜威⼗进制图书分类法的基础上继续研发的分类⽅法。

此种分类⽅法由数字和特殊符号组成，把涉及各种知识体系及学科的书籍予以分类。

介于数字和符号⽆语⾔障碍的特性，该分类法在世界各地的图书馆中被⼴泛应⽤。

⽂库⾥的很多都不全，最好还是去⽹站查。

中⽂版查询地址：/doc/ec2aac510540be1e650e52ea551810a6f524c82e.html /udcsummary/php/index.php?
lang=chi&pr=Y
总分类
0 总汇
1 哲学，⼼理学
2 宗教，神学
3 社会学，政治，经济，法律，教育，⼈类学
4 暂⽆（由图书馆具体添加）
5 ⾃然学科，数学
6 实⽤学科，医学，科技，企业经济学，计算机
7 艺术，⼿⼯艺品，⾳乐，竞技，体育
8 语⾔学，⽂学
9 地理，⽣物，历史
附加
+ ：并列符（例：178.1+33 酒精主义者和国民经济）
：：关系符（例：178.1:33 酒精主义对国民经济的影响）
/ ：包含符（例：592/599 系统动物学，从592到599）
= ：语⾔符（例：=71 拉丁语）
(0...) ：书类符（例：(042)演讲，讲义）(...)：地域符（例：(234.3) 阿尔卑司）
查询注意：
1、查询⽅法：进去后选择中⽂
2、详细查询
然后点左侧的分类进⾏详细查询。

标准分类

一、主要分类中国标准分为国家标准、行业标准、地方标准和企业标准，并将标准分为强制性标准和推荐性标准两类。

二、主要分级国际标准由国际标准化组织（ISO）理事会审查，ISO理事会接纳国际标准并由中央秘书处颁布；国家标准在中国由国务院标准化行政主管部门制定，行业标准由国务院有关行政主管部门制定，企业生产的产品没有国家标准和行业标准的，应当制定企业标准，作为组织生产的依据，并报有关部门备案。

三、具体解释1、规范封面左上角的'UDC' UDC表示国际十进分类法(Universal Decimal Classification),是世界上较流行的一种文献分类法.国际标准化组织(ISO)规定,各成员国应在其国家标准封面上加印UDC分类号,以利用国际交流.2、规范封面左上角的'UDC”之下的'P”P表示中国标准文献分类法中规定的一级类目:工程建设类（Project）。

3、规范中的'GB/T”：GB是国标，GB/T是国标推荐，JB是军标，QB是企标4、行业标准JGJ、JGJ/T；城市建设行业标准CJJ、CJJ/T；协会标准CECS、CCES；地方标准DB；企业标准QB等。

5、与工程相关主要行业规范代号（序号行业标准名称、行业标准代号、主管部门）1 水利SL 水利部2 黑色金属YB 国家冶金工业局3 有色冶金YS 国家有色金属工业局4 石油天然气ST 国家石油和化学工业局5 化工HG 国家石油和化学工业局6 石油化工SH 国家石油和化学工业局7 建材JC 国家建筑材料工业局8 地质矿产DZ 国土资源部9 土地管理TD 国土资源部10 测绘CH 国家测绘局11 机械JB 国家机械工业局12 铁路运输TB 铁道部13 交通JT 交通部14 劳动和劳动安全LD 劳动和社会保障部15 电力DL 国家经贸委16 城镇建设CJ 建设部17 建筑工业JG 建设部18 地震DB 国家地震局。

国际十进分类法课件

定期审查与调整
定期对分类方案进行审查和调整，确保其适应不断变化的主题需求和业务环境。
数据迁移与整合
在分类方案调整时，进行必要的数据迁移和整合，确保数据的完整性和一致性。
培训与指导
对相关人员进行培训和指导，提高其对分类方案的认知和使用能力，促进分类工作的顺利进行。
PART 04
国际十进分类法与其他分类法的比较
PART 05
国际十进分类法的未来发展
技术创新与分类法的发展
自动化与智能化
随着人工智能和大数据技术的发展，国际十进分类法将进一步实现自动化和智能化，提高分类的
准确性和效率。
语义分析
通过自然语言处理技术，国际十进分类法将更好地理解文献内容，实现更精细的分类。
跨媒体分类
随着多媒体数据的普及，国际十进分类法将扩展到跨媒体领域，包括文本、图像、音频和视频等多种媒体数据的分类。
类目划分原则
科学性原则
类目的划分应基于学科知识的内在逻辑和分类标准，确保分类的科学
性和系统性。
实用性原则
类目的划分应考虑实际应用的需要，便于用户
检索和使用。
稳定性原则
唯一性原则
类目的划分应保持相对稳定，避免频繁变动，
以便于维护和更新。
每个类目应具有唯一性，避免重复和交叉。
编码规则与标识符
全球化背景下的国际合作与标准化
标准化进程
国际十进分类法将加强标准化进程，制定统一的分类标准和规范，促进各国之间的信息交流和共享。
语言翻译与文化差异处理
为了满足全球化的需求，国际十进分类法将加强语言翻译和文化差异处理的研究，提高分类法的跨文化适用性。
国际合作与交流平台

国际十进分类法

國際十進分類法Universal Decimal Classification, UDC毛慶禎輔仁大學圖書資訊學系一、緒論二、出版單位三、版本•MRF•英語以外的版本四、類表五、電腦化六、七、緒論國際十進分類法是通用型分類法, 它的本意是供書目分類之用, 後來發現也適合用於多媒體資料的分類, 甚至在網路資源的整理上, 還有非常傑出的表現。

它的結構很有彈性, 隨時都有新的空間容納新的學門。

採用數字及標點符號為其標記, 與語文無關, 至今已被譯為包括中文在內的23種文字, 英文版不僅盛行於英語系地區, 隨著盎格魯撒克森文化的流行, 也被其他國家採用。

國際十進分類法是逐漸累積而形成的分類法，直到1904年至1907年間，才以法文出版一個較完整的版本，通常以這個版本當成它的第一版。

有33,000個類目，當時人稱布魯塞爾分類法。

原書名為：Manuel du repertoire bibliographique universel。

出版單位1894年，比利時人歐特萊(Paul Marie-Ghislain Otlet, 1868-1944)與拉方庭(Henry LaFontaine)為了編輯全球書目所需，參考杜威十進分類法第五版，採用其大類及部份類目名稱，改編成國際十進分類法，Classification Decimale Universelle。

為了管理國際十進分類法, 於1895年9月12日歐特萊與拉方庭在比利時首都布魯塞爾成立國際書目協會(Institute International de Bibliographie / International Institute for Bibliography, IIB)，辦公室設在布魯塞爾，稱為International Office of Bibliography(OIB)。

1895年，比利時政府把它納入內政部(Ｍinistry of Interior and Public Instruction)之下，具有半官方的性質。

UDC,LCC,DDC

20121020056刘志鹏1,DDC的主要特点与贡献DDC在分类法发展中的贡献及其管理上的成功经验是：类目体系完整，覆盖全部知识、文献；类目详尽，等级分明，便于理解使用；首创以简明的号码标记类目的方法，便于图书排架、目录组织和检索；首次采用数字层累标记制，通用性好，易排易检，易于扩充、组配，具有较强的助记性、等级性；首创了类目相关索引，提供了从字顺角度查找类目的途径，便利分类表的使用；首次使用了复分与仿分方法；成立了长设机构，不断修订更新，保持分类法的长久生命力。

2,LCC的结构、标记系统及主要特点LCC（全生命周期成本，Life Cycle Cost，简称LCC），也被称为全寿命周期费用。

它是指产品在有效使用期间所发生的与该产品有关的所有成本，它包括产品设计成本、制造成本、采购成本、使用成本、维修保养成本、废弃处置成本等。

1分面标记制度的显著特点是分面符号，分面标记制具有容量大、组配灵活的优点，但编号复杂、冗长，对文献工作的多个环节难以适应。

2标记符号是现代文献、信息分类法重要的、不可缺少的组成部分。

分类法全部类目的标记符号及其构成的整体联系，就是分类法的标记系统。

3、分类标记的功能主要体现哪些方面？（1）以代号的形式表达类目（2）固定类目位置（3）显示类目之间关系4、对分类标记的基本要求是容纳性、简明性、表达性、助记性5、分类标记按组成成分划分为单纯号码、混合制号码，单纯号码又分为：单纯数字号码、单纯字母号码。

6分类标记按标记制度可划分为：结构型标记制（揭示类目体系和层次结构）和非结构型标记制两个基本类型7结构型标记制又可分为：层累标记制又称等级标记制、展开标记制、树形标记制顺序标记制代表性：《美国国会图书馆分类法》LCC混合标记制层累和顺序相结合的制度，代表为《科图法》分面标记制最早出现在UDC中，在CC全面系统的应用回归标记制代表为《布利斯书目分类法》起迄标记制又称扩充编号法在《联合国教科文组织叙词表》的分类表中使用3,UDC与DDC有何不同UDC《国际十进分类法》的特点：较早、较全面地采用概念分析与综合的原理及冒号组配技术，是世界上第一部半分面分类法；类目详尽，详本类目多达15~21万个；标记制度灵活，辅助符号多达十几种，表达概念的能力强。

国际十进分类法(UDC)迄今最详细版本

Universal decimal classification (UDC)国际十进分类法（UDC）Edit by Ximig写在文首又是一年毕业时，众多学子查阅UDC分类号诸多不便，是以整理于此，同诸位分享，祝愿各位学业有成！书签中一、二级标题已显示，部分三级标题也列出，可方便查阅。

中文简表(百度通行版)类号类名类号类名000 总论510 数学100 哲学、心理学520 天文学、地质学200 宗教、神学530 物理学、力学300 社会科学540 化学、晶体学、矿物学400 语言、文字学550 地质学、气象学500 自然科学560 古生物学600 应用科学570 生物学人类学700 艺术、文体580 植物学800 文学590 动物学900 历史、地理610 医学620 工程和技术科学25. 农业621 机械和电气工程26. 家政621.1 蒸汽动力工程27. 商业管理、交通621.22 水力机械28. 化学工业621.3 电气工程29. 制造业621.4 内燃机工程30. 特种行业、仪表、手工业621.5 气动机械与制冷工程31. 建筑业、材料科学621.6 泵、管道工程32. 机械零件及材料621.7 弹、塑性成形及加工33. 机床及加工622 采矿工程38. 电子学623 军事工程39. 通信工程624 土木工程625 道路工程626 水力工程627 河道、港湾、海洋工程628 卫生工程629 交通工程英文简要目录0 SCIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE. ORGANIZATION. COMPUTER SCIENCE. INFORMATION. DOCUMENTATION. LIBRARIANSHIP. INSTITUTIONS. PUBLICATIONS00 Prolegomena. Fundamentals of knowledge and culture. Propaedeutics001 Science and knowledge in general. Organization of intellectual work001.1 Concepts of science and knowledge001.18 Future of knowledge001.32 Learned, scientific societies. Academies001.8 Methodology001.89 Organization of science and scientific work001.9 Dissemination of ideas002 Documentation. Books. Writings. Authorship003 Writing systems and scripts003.01/.09 Special auxiliary numbers for writing systems and scripts003.01 Origins, precursors of scripts. Early forms of scripts003.02 Emergence of writing003.03 Graphic expression of language003.05 Means of producing signs and scripts003.07 Uses and styles of writing003.08 Characteristics of writing003.09 Techniques and methods of deciphering scripts003.2 Writing systems. Graphic representations of concepts003.21/.23 Conventional writing systems used for general purposes of literate language communities. Orthographies003.21 Picture writing003.22 Syllabic writing systems003.23 Alphabetic writing systems003.3 Scripts003.5 Writing materials and equipment003.6 Other kinds of graphic representation of thought004 Computer science and technology. Computing. Data processing004.01/.08 Special auxiliary numbers for computing004.01 Documentation004.02 Problem-solving methods004.03 System types and characteristics004.04 Processing orientation004.05 System and software quality004.07 Memory characteristics004.08 Input, output and storage media004.2 Computer architecture004.22 Data representation004.23 Instruction set architecture004.25 Memory system004.27 Advanced architectures. Non-Von Neumann architectures004.3 Computer hardware004.3`1/`2 Special auxiliary numbers for hardware004.3`1 Production of computers004.3`2 Computer installations004.31 Processing units. Processing circuits004.32 Computer pathways004.33 Memory units. Storage units004.35 Peripherals. Input-output units004.38 Computers. Kinds of computer004.4 Software004.4`2/`6 Special auxiliary numbers for software004.4`2 Software development tools004.4`4 Programming language translation004.4`6 Runtime environment004.41 Software engineering004.42 Computer programming. Computer programs004.43 Computer languages004.45 System software004.49 Computer infections004.5 Human-computer interaction. Man-machine interface. User interface. User environment004.51 Display interface004.52 Sound interface004.55 Hypermedia. Hypertext004.58 User help004.6 Data004.62 Data handling004.63 Files004.65 Databases and their structures004.67 Systems for numeric data004.7 Computer communication. Computer networks004.71 Computer communication hardware004.72 Network architecture004.73 Networks according to area covered004.738 Network interconnection. Internetworking004.75 Distributed processing systems004.77 General networking applications and services004.78 Online computing systems for specific use004.8 Artificial intelligence004.9 Application-oriented computer-based techniques004.91 Document processing and production004.92 Computer graphics004.93 Pattern information processing004.94 Simulation005 Management005.1 Management theory005.2 Management agents. Mechanisms. Measures005.3 Management activities005.31 Operational research (OR)005.32 Organizational behaviour. Management psychology005.33 Management conditions. Factors005.4 Processes in management005.5 Management operations. Direction005.6 Quality management. Total quality management (TQM)005.7 Organizational management (OM)005.9 Fields of management005.91 Administrative management. Secretariat005.92 Records management005.93 Plant management. Physical resources management005.94 Knowledge management005.95/.96 Personnel management. Human Resources management006 Standardization of products, operations, weights, measures and time006.3/.8 Standards006.91 Metrology. Weights and measures in general006.92 Horology. Determination and standardization of time007 Activity and organizing. Communication and control theory generally (cybernetics). 'Humanengineering'007.5 Self-acting systems008 Civilization. Culture. Progress01 Bibliography and bibliographies. Catalogues011 Universal and general bibliographies012 Author bibliographies. Individual bibliographies013 Collective bibliographies014 Bibliographies of works of particular characteristics015 Bibliographies of place016 Special subject bibliographies017/019 Catalogues017 Catalogues in general. Subject catalogues018 Name catalogues019 Dictionary catalogues02 Librarianship021 Function, value, utility, creation, development of libraries022 Library site, building, premises. Equipment023 Library administration. Staff. Personnel024 Relations with the public. Regulations for library use025 Administrative departments of libraries026 Special libraries027 General libraries027.6 Libraries for special classes of user027.7 Libraries of institutions of higher education027.8 Libraries of institutions of primary and secondary education030 General reference works (as subject)050 Serial publications, periodicals (as subject)06 Organizations of a general nature06.01/.05 Special auxiliary numbers for organizations and associations06.01 Rights and obligations of members06.05 Awards. Honours. Prizes. Distribution of prizes, awards061 Organizations and other types of cooperation061.1 Governmental organizations and cooperation061.2 Nongovernmental organizations and cooperation061.23 Organizations with humanitarian, philanthropic aims061.25 Secret or semi-secret organizations and movements061.27 Foundations. Endowments. Institutions069 Museums. Permanent exhibitions070 Newspapers. The Press08 Polygraphies. Collective works082 Collective polygraphy084 Pictorial material086 Documents of particular form087 Documents of particular origin or destination09 Manuscripts. Rare and remarkable works091 Manuscripts092 Xylographic books093 Incunabula094 Other precious, remarkable or rare printed works095 Books remarkable for their binding096 Books remarkable for their illustrations or for materials used097 Marks of ownership or origin--1 PHILOSOPHY. PSYCHOLOGY101 Nature and role of philosophy11 Metaphysics111 General metaphysics. Ontology113/119 Cosmology. Philosophy of nature122/129 Special metaphysics13 Philosophy of mind and spirit. Metaphysics of spiritual life130.1 General concepts and laws130.2 Philosophy of culture. Cultural systems. Theory of cultural complexes130.3 Metaphysics of spiritual life133 The paranormal. The occult. Psi phenomena14 Philosophical systems and points of view140 Possible philosophical attitudes. System typology141 Kinds of viewpoint159.9 Psychology159.91 Psychophysiology (physiological psychology). Mental physiology159.92 Mental development and capacity. Comparative psychology159.93 Sensation. Sensory perception159.94 Executive functions159.942 Emotions. Affections. Sensibility. Feelings159.943 Conation and movement159.944 Work and fatigue. Efficiency159.946 Special motor functions159.947 Volition. Will159.95 Higher mental processes159.96 Special mental states and processes159.97 Abnormal psychology159.98 Applied psychology (psychotechnology) in general16 Logic. Epistemology. Theory of knowledge. Methodology of logic161/162 Fundamentals of logic164 Logistic. Symbolic logic. Mathematical logic. Logical calculus165 Theory of knowledge. Epistemology165.6/.8 Epistemological viewpoints and doctrines167/168 Logical methodology17 Moral philosophy. Ethics. Practical philosophy171 Individual ethics. Human duties to oneself172 Social ethics. Duties to one`s fellow humans173 Family ethics176 Sexual ethics. Sexual morality177 Ethics and society--2 RELIGION. THEOLOGY2-1/-9 Special auxiliary subdivision for religion2-1 Theory and philosophy of religion. Nature of religion. Phenomenon of religion2-13 The Holy. The sacred. The supernatural. Object(s) of religion/worship2-14 God. Gods (Personalised god(s) as distinct from immanent spirits)2-15 Nature of god(s)2-17 The universe. Nature of the universe. Cosmology2-18 Man. Mankind. Humanity. Doctrinal anthropology2-184 Man's relation to god(s)2-2 Evidences of religion2-23 Sacred books. Scriptures. Religious texts2-25 Secondary literature. Pseudo-canonical works2-27 Critical works2-28 Other religious texts2-3 Persons in religion2-31 Originator, founder, central figure of the faith2-32 Messiah(s)2-34 Martyrs2-35 Ascetics. Hermits. Fakirs2-36 Saints. Bodhisattvas. Enlightened ones2-37 Mahatmas. Gurus. Wise men2-38 Charismatics. Persons with supernatural powers2-4 Religious activities. Religious practice2-42 Moral behaviour. Moral theology2-43 Social customs and practice. Social theology2-46 Charity. Support for others. Pastoral activities. Pastoral theology in the broad sense2-47 Education in religion2-475 Preaching. Homiletics2-5 Worship broadly. Cult. Rites and ceremonies2-523 Buildings for religious use. Ecclesiology2-526 Objects in worship. Furnishings and decorations2-53 Acts of worship (by participants)2-54 Ceremonies by purpose2-55 Sacraments. Sacramentals2-56 Celebration2-6 Processes in religion2-65 Comparison2-67 Relations between faiths or with society in general. Religion and society2-7 Religious organization and administration2-72 Nature and structure of the organized religion, church. Ecclesiology2-73 Government of the religion2-74 Legal administration. Religious law. Canon law2-76 Recruitment. Missionary activity. Missions broadly. Missiology2-77 Organizational structure of the faith, religion2-78 Religious organizations. Religious societies and associations2-8 Religions characterised by various properties2-84 Religions related to the state2-87 Schismatic groups. Heresies2-9 History of the faith, religion, denomination or church21/29 Religious systems. Religions and faiths21 Prehistoric and primitive religions212 Prehistoric religions213 Primitive religions22 Religions originating in the Far East221 Religions of China221.3 Taoism223 Religions of Korea225 Religions of Japan23 Religions originating in Indian sub-continent. Hindu religion in the broad sense233 Hinduism narrowly234 Jainism235 Sikhism24 Buddhism241 Hinayana Buddhism. The lesser vehicle. Theravada Buddhism. Pali school242 Mahayana. The great vehicle243 Lamaism244 Japanese Buddhism25 Religions of antiquity. Minor cults and religions251 Ancient Egyptian religion252 Religions of Mesopotamia254 Religions of Iran255 Classical antiquity257 Religions of Europe258 Religions of South and Central America. Pre-Columbian indigenous religions26 Judaism261 Religion of the Biblical period. Ancient Judaism. Old Testament religion262 Ashkenazi Judaism264 Sephardi Judaism265 Orthodox Judaism266 Progressive Judaism267 Modern movements arising from Judaism27 Christianity. Christian churches and denominations271/279 Christian churches and denominations271 Eastern church272/279 Western church272/273 Catholic church272 Roman Catholic church273 Non-Roman Catholic episcopal churches274 Protestantism generally. Protestants. Dissenters. Puritans275 Re-formed churches276 Anabaptists277 Free churches. Non-conformists278 Other protestant churches279 Other Christian movements and churches28 Islam281 Sufism282 Sunni. Sunnite Islam284 Shi'a. Shi'ite Islam285 Babi-Baha'i286 Baha'i29 Modern spiritual movements--3 SOCIAL SCIENCES. STATISTICS. POLITICS. ECONOMICS. TRADE. LAW. GOVERNMENT. MILITARY AFFAIRS. WELFARE. INSURANCE. EDUCATION. FOLKLORE303 Methods of the social sciences304 Social questions. Social practice. Cultural practice. Way of life (Lebensweise)305 Gender studies308 Sociography. Descriptive studies of society (both qualitative and quantitative)311 Statistics as a science. Statistical theory311.1 Fundamentals, bases of statistics311.2 Research technique. Preparation. Tabulation311.3 General organization of statistics. Official statistics311.4 Private statistics314/316 Society314 Demography. Population studies314.1 Population316 Sociology316.1 Object and scope of sociology316.2 Sociological points of view and trends316.3 Social structure. Society as a social system316.33 Basic elements and subsystems of global societies as sociological categories316.34 Social stratification. Social differentiation316.35 Social groups. Social organizations316.36 Marriage and family316.4 Social processes. Social dynamics316.6 Social psychology316.7 Sociology of culture. Cultural context of social life32 Politics321 Forms of political organization. States as political powers322 Relations between church and state. Policy towards religion. Church policy323 Home affairs. Internal policy323.1 Nationalist, popular, ethnic movements and problems. National and ethnic minorities323.2 Relation between people and state. Internal political activities323.4 Class war. Forms of class warfare324 Elections. Plebiscites. Referendums. Election campaigns. Electoral corruption, malpractice. Election results325 Opening up of territories. Colonization. Colonialism326 Slavery327 International relations. World, global politics. International affairs. Foreign policy327.2 Imperialism. Imperialistic policy. Political expansionism327.3 Internationalism. International movements, objectives327.5 International blocs327.7 Activity of international and intergovernmental organizations327.8 Political influence, pressure, on other states328 Parliaments. Congresses. Representation of the people. Governments329 Political parties and movements33 Economics. Economic science330 Economics in general330.1 Science of economics. Basic economic concepts, theory. Value. Capital. Funds330.3 Dynamics of the economy. Economic movement330.4 Mathematical economics330.5 National property. National assets. Social product. Balance of the economy. Estimationof national product330.8 History of economic theories, doctrines, dogmas331 Labour. Employment. Work. Labour economics. Organization of labour331.1 Theory and organization of work. Relations between business firms and employees331.2 Salaries. Wages. Remuneration. Pay331.3 Working conditions other than pay331.4 Working environment. Workplace design. Occupational safety. Hygiene at work.Accidents at work331.5 Labour market. Employment332 Regional economics. Territorial economics. Land economics. Housing economics332.1 Regional economics. Territorial economics332.2 Land economics332.3 Land use332.5 Land requirement. Long-term planning of land use332.6 Land value. Value of plots, sites, holdings. Real-estate value. Productivity. Rents332.7 Trade in land, in real estate332.8 Economics of housing334 Forms of organization and cooperation in the economy336 Finance336.1 Public sector finance. Government finance in general336.2 Public revenue336.5 Public expenditure. State expenditure336.7 Money. Monetary system. Banking. Stock exchanges338 Economic situation. Economic policy. Management of the economy. Economic planning.Production. Services. Prices338.1 Economic situation. Trade cycle. Development of economic structure. Growth338.2 Economic policy. Control of the economy. Management of the economy. Economicplanning338.3 Production338.4 Production and services according to economic sectors338.48 Tourism338.5 Prices. Price formation. Costs339 Trade. Commerce. International economic relations. World economy339.1 General questions of trade and commerce. Market339.3 Inland trade. Internal trade. Domestic trade339.5 Foreign trade. External trade. International trade339.7 International finance339.9 International economy generally. International economic relations. Global economy34 Law. Jurisprudence340 Law in general. Legal methods and auxiliary sciences340.1 Types and forms of law340.13 Positive law. Legal norm. Enacted law. Statute law. Ius scriptum. Operation of legal norm. Rules of its application340.14 Unwritten law. Non-statute law. Ius non scriptum. Other sources of law340.5 Comparative law340.6 Auxiliary legal sciences. Forensic psychology. Forensic chemistry. Forensic medicine341 International law341.1/.8 Public international law. Law of nations341.1 Law of international organizations341.2 Persons and things in international law341.3 Law of war. International legal relations in war341.4 International criminal law341.6 International arbitration. International adjudication, jurisdiction341.7 Diplomatic law. Laws of diplomacy341.8 Consular law341.9 International private law. Conflict of laws342 Public law. Constitutional law. Administrative law342.1 State. People. Nation. Power of the state342.2 State. Structure of states342.3 Supreme authority. Sovereignty. Forms of state. Forms of government342.4 Constitutions. Legislative assemblies. National assemblies342.5 Power of the state. System and function of organs of government342.6 Executive power of the state. Central organs of state government342.7 Fundamental rights. Human rights. Rights and duties of the citizen342.8 Electoral law. Voting. Electoral systems342.9 Administrative law343 Criminal law. Penal offences343.1 Criminal justice. Criminal investigation. Criminal proceedings343.2/.7 Criminal law343.2 Criminal law proper343.3/.7 Particular offences. Specific punishable acts, crimes343.3 Offences against the state343.4 Offences against fundamental liberties, human rights343.5 Offences against public credit, morality, the family343.6 Offences against the person343.8 Punishment. Execution of sentence. Crime prevention. Deterrence343.9 Criminology. Criminal sciences. Criminalistics344 Special criminal law. Military, naval, air force laws344.1 Military penal law. Laws of armed land forces344.3 Military justice and jurisdiction. Courts martial. Military tribunals344.4 Naval penal law. Laws of marine armed forces344.6 Mercantile marine penal law. Penal and disciplinary regime in merchant navy344.7 Air-force penal law346 Economic law. Law of government control of the economy346.2 Subjects of economic law346.3 Economic liabilities. Economic contracts346.5 Regulation of economic order and control346.6 Regulation of prices, tariffs, finance, credits and accounts346.7 Regulation of individual sectors of the economy346.9 Enforcement of economic law. Sanctions. Supervision. Commercial disputes. Settlement. Legal protection347 Civil law347.1 Civil law generalities347.2 Law of realty. Real rights. Things. Chattels347.3 Movables in general. Personalty347.4 Commitments. Contractual liabilities. Bonds. Contracts. Agreements347.5 Noncontractual liabilities. Torts347.6 Family law. Law of inheritance. Heirs. Successors347.7 Commercial law. Company law347.8 Laws of air, space, ether347.9 Legal procedure. Judiciary personnel and organization348 Ecclesiastical law. Canon law. Religious law (option)349 Special branches of law. Miscellaneous legal matters35 Public administration. Government. Military affairs351 Particular activities of public administration352/354 Levels of administration. Local, regional, central administration352 Lowest levels of administration. Local government. Municipal administration. Local authorities353 Middle levels of administration. Regional, provincial government. Regional authorities353.1 Primary divisions of a country. Regions (generally). States in a federation353.2 Provincial governments. Provinces. Departments. Counties353.5 Divisions of provinces. Subprefectures. Arrondissements. Kreise353.8 Special kinds of regional administration353.9 Independent administration of regions of a country. Ministries of regions354 High level, top level of administration. Central, national government354.1 Ministries for general business355/359 Military affairs. Art of war. Military science. Defence. Armed forces355 Military affairs generally355.1 Armed forces generally. Armed services. Military life355.2 Recruitment of forces. Requisition of supplies, resources. War potential. Levies355.3 General organization of the armed forces355.4 War operations in general. Tactics. Strategy. Theatre of war. History of campaigns355.5 Service in, tactics of, particular forces and units. Training of troops and officers. Tactical exercises355.6 Military administration355.7 Military establishments: organization, functions356/358 Individual branches of land and air forces356 Army service generally. Infantry. Foot soldiers356.1 Infantry: personnel, organization356.2 General staff: personnel, organization356.3 Administrative and auxiliary services: personnel, organization357 Cavalry. Mounted troops. Motorized troops358 Artillery. Engineers. Aviation. Various technical units and their function358.1 Artillery358.2 Engineers' corps. Special units358.3 Technical specialities in the army358.4 Military aviation. Flying corps. Air force359 Naval forces. Military fleet. Navy: personnel, organization36 Safeguarding the mental and material necessities of life364 Social welfare364-1 Theories of social welfare364-2 Principles of assistance364-3 Social welfare agencies. Social welfare organizations364-4 People as providers of social welfare assistance364-5 Social welfare facilities364-6 Contributions and payments364-7 Social welfare operations. Welfare effort. Social services. Service provision364.2 Basic human needs. Requirements for well-being364.3 Social benefits. Social allowances. Social insurance. Social assistance364.4 Fields of practice in social work364.6 Social welfare issues365 Accommodation desires and their fulfilment. Safeguarding accommodation366 Consumerism368 Insurance. Communal provision through sharing of risk37 Education37.01/.09 Special auxiliary table for theory, principles, methods and organization of education37.01 Fundamentals of education. Theory. Policy etc.37.02 General questions of didactics and method37.04 Education in relation to the educand, pupil. Guidance37.06 Social problems in education. Human contacts, relationships37.07 Management aspects of educational institutions37.09 Organization of instruction373 Kinds of school providing general education374 Education and training out of school. Further education376 Education, teaching, training of special groups of persons. Special schools377 Specialized instruction. Vocational, technical, professional training. Vocational colleges, institutes. Polytechnics378 Higher education. Universities. Academic study379.8 Leisure39 Cultural anthropology. Ethnography. Customs. Manners. Traditions. Way of life. Folklore391 Costume. Clothing. National dress. Fashion. Adornment392 Customs, manners, usage in private life393 Death. Treatment of corpses. Funerals. Death rites394 Public life. Pageantry. Social life. Life of the people395 Social ceremonial. Etiquette. Good manners. Social forms. Rank. Title398 Folklore in the strict sense -- 4 (Under Development) -- 5 MATHEMATICS. NATURAL SCIENCES502/504 Environmental science. Conservation of natural resources. Threats to the environment andprotection against them502 The environment and its protection502.3/.7 Parts of the environment504 Threats to the environment51 Mathematics510 Fundamental and general considerations of mathematics510.2 General problems of mathematical logic. Foundations of mathematics510.3 Set theory510.6 Mathematical logic511 Number theory512 Algebra514 Geometry514.7 Differential geometry. Algebraic and analytic methods in geometry515.1 Topology517 Analysis517.9 Differential equations. Integral equations. Other functional equations. Finite differences.Calculus of variations. Functional analysis519.1 Combinatorial analysis. Graph theory519.2 Probability. Mathematical statistics519.6 Computational mathematics. Numerical analysis519.7 Mathematical cybernetics519.8 Operational research (OR) mathematical theories and methods519.83 Game theory519.85 Mathematical programming52 Astronomy. Astrophysics. Space research. Geodesy520 Astronomical instruments and techniques521 Theoretical astronomy. Celestial mechanics521.9 Astrometry. Spherical astronomy523 The Solar System523.3 Earth-Moon system523.4 Planets and their satellites. Planetology523.6 Interplanetary medium. Comets. Meteors. Meteorites523.9 The Sun. Solar physics524 Stars. Stellar systems. The Universe524.1 Cosmic rays. Primary cosmic rays524.3 Stars524.4 Star clusters. Associations of stars524.5 Interstellar medium. Galactic nebulae524.6 The Galaxy (Milky Way)524.7 Extragalactic systems524.8 The Universe. Metagalaxy. Cosmology528 Geodesy. Surveying. Photogrammetry. Remote sensing. Cartography528.1 Theory of errors and adjustment in geodesy and photogrammetry528.2 Figure of the Earth. Earth measurement. Mathematical geodesy. Physical geodesy. Astronomical geodesy528.3 Geodetic surveying528.4 Field surveying. Land surveying. Cadastral survey. Topography. Engineering survey. Special fields of surveying528.5 Geodetic instruments and equipment528.7 Photogrammetry: aerial, terrestrial528.9 Cartography. Mapping (textual documents)53 Physics53.01/.09 Special auxiliaries on theory and nature of physical phenomena, methods of observation, measurements and study53.01 Theory and nature of phenomena53.02 General laws of phenomena53.03 Production and causes of phenomena53.04 Effects of phenomena53.05 Observation and recording of phenomena. Visual indication of phenomena53.06 Application, utilization of phenomena53.07 Apparatus for production and study of phenomena53.08 General principles and theory of measurement and the design of measuring apparatus. Measurement methods53.09 Dependence of phenomena on certain fundamental physical effects531/534 Mechanics531 General mechanics. Mechanics of solid and rigid bodies531-1/-9 Special auxiliary numbers for mechanics531-1 One-dimensional. Lines531-2 Two-dimensional. Planes. Surfaces531-3 Three-dimensional. Bodies. Spaces531-4 Hyperspace (space of more than three dimensions)531-9 Non-Euclidean spaces。

国际十进分类法（UDC）迄今最详细版本

国际⼗进分类法（UDC）迄今最详细版本Universal decimal classification (UDC)国际⼗进分类法（UDC）Edit by Ximig写在⽂⾸⼜是⼀年毕业时，众多学⼦查阅UDC分类号诸多不便，是以整理于此，同诸位分享，祝愿各位学业有成！书签中⼀、⼆级标题已显⽰，部分三级标题也列出，可⽅便查阅。

中⽂简表(百度通⾏版)类号类名类号类名000 总论510 数学100 哲学、⼼理学520 天⽂学、地质学200 宗教、神学530 物理学、⼒学300 社会科学540 化学、晶体学、矿物学400 语⾔、⽂字学550 地质学、⽓象学500 ⾃然科学560 古⽣物学600 应⽤科学570 ⽣物学⼈类学700 艺术、⽂体580 植物学800 ⽂学590 动物学900 历史、地理610 医学620 ⼯程和技术科学25. 农业621 机械和电⽓⼯程26. 家政621.1 蒸汽动⼒⼯程27. 商业管理、交通621.22 ⽔⼒机械28. 化学⼯业621.3 电⽓⼯程29. 制造业621.4 内燃机⼯程30. 特种⾏业、仪表、⼿⼯业621.5 ⽓动机械与制冷⼯程31. 建筑业、材料科学621.6 泵、管道⼯程32. 机械零件及材料621.7 弹、塑性成形及加⼯33. 机床及加⼯622 采矿⼯程38. 电⼦学623 军事⼯程39. 通信⼯程624 ⼟⽊⼯程625 道路⼯程626 ⽔⼒⼯程627 河道、港湾、海洋⼯程629 交通⼯程英⽂简要⽬录0 SCIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE. ORGANIZATION. COMPUTER SCIENCE. INFORMATION. DOCUMENTATION. LIBRARIANSHIP. INSTITUTIONS. PUBLICATIONS00 Prolegomena. Fundamentals of knowledge and culture. Propaedeutics001 Science and knowledge in general. Organization of intellectual work001.1 Concepts of science and knowledge001.18 Future of knowledge001.32 Learned, scientific societies. Academies001.8 Methodology001.89 Organization of science and scientific work001.9 Dissemination of ideas002 Documentation. Books. Writings. Authorship003.01/.09 Special auxiliary numbers for writing systems and scripts003.01 Origins, precursors of scripts. Early forms of scripts003.02 Emergence of writing003.03 Graphic expression of language003.05 Means of producing signs and scripts003.07 Uses and styles of writing003.08 Characteristics of writing003.2 Writing systems. Graphic representations of concepts003.21/.23 Conventional writing systems used for general purposes of literate language communities. Orthographies003.21 Picture writing003.22 Syllabic writing systems003.23 Alphabetic writing systems003.3 Scripts003.5 Writing materials and equipment003.6 Other kinds of graphic representation of thought004.01/.08 Special auxiliary numbers for computing004.01 Documentation004.02 Problem-solving methods004.03 System types and characteristics004.04 Processing orientation004.05 System and software quality004.07 Memory characteristics004.2 Computer architecture004.22 Data representation004.23 Instruction set architecture004.25 Memory system004.27 Advanced architectures. Non-Von Neumann architectures004.3 Computer hardware004.3`1/`2 Special auxiliary numbers for hardware004.3`1 Production of computers004.3`2 Computer installations004.31 Processing units. Processing circuits004.32 Computer pathways004.33 Memory units. Storage units004.35 Peripherals. Input-output units004.38 Computers. Kinds of computer004.4 Software004.4`2/`6 Special auxiliary numbers for software004.4`2 Software development tools004.4`4 Programming language translation004.4`6 Runtime environment004.41 Software engineering004.42 Computer programming. Computer programs004.43 Computer languages004.45 System software004.5 Human-computer interaction. Man-machine interface. User interface. User environment004.51 Display interface004.52 Sound interface004.55 Hypermedia. Hypertext004.58 User help004.6 Data004.62 Data handling004.63 Files004.65 Databases and their structures004.67 Systems for numeric data004.7 Computer communication. Computer networks004.71 Computer communication hardware004.72 Network architecture004.73 Networks according to area covered004.738 Network interconnection. Internetworking004.75 Distributed processing systems004.77 General networking applications and services004.78 Online computing systems for specific use004.8 Artificial intelligence004.9 Application-oriented computer-based techniques004.91 Document processing and production004.92 Computer graphics004.93 Pattern information processing004.94 Simulation005.1 Management theory005.2 Management agents. Mechanisms. Measures005.3 Management activities005.31 Operational research (OR)005.32 Organizational behaviour. Management psychology005.33 Management conditions. Factors005.4 Processes in management005.5 Management operations. Direction005.7 Organizational management (OM)005.9 Fields of management005.91 Administrative management. Secretariat005.92 Records management005.93 Plant management. Physical resources management005.94 Knowledge management005.95/.96 Personnel management. Human Resources management006 Standardization of products, operations, weights, measures and time006.3/.8 Standards006.91 Metrology. Weights and measures in general006.92 Horology. Determination and standardization of time007 Activity and organizing. Communication and control theory generally (cybernetics). 'Human engineering'007.5 Self-acting systems008 Civilization. Culture. Progress01 Bibliography and bibliographies. Catalogues011 Universal and general bibliographies012 Author bibliographies. Individual bibliographies013 Collective bibliographies014 Bibliographies of works of particular characteristics015 Bibliographies of place017/019 Catalogues017 Catalogues in general. Subject catalogues018 Name catalogues019 Dictionary catalogues02 Librarianship021 Function, value, utility, creation, development of libraries 022 Library site, building, premises. Equipment023 Library administration. Staff. Personnel024 Relations with the public. Regulations for library use 025 Administrative departments of libraries026 Special libraries027 General libraries027.6 Libraries for special classes of user027.7 Libraries of institutions of higher education027.8 Libraries of institutions of primary and secondary education030 General reference works (as subject)050 Serial publications, periodicals (as subject)06 Organizations of a general nature06.01/.05 Special auxiliary numbers for organizations and associations 06.01 Rights and obligations of members06.05 Awards. Honours. Prizes. Distribution of prizes, awards061 Organizations and other types of cooperation061.1 Governmental organizations and cooperation061.2 Nongovernmental organizations and cooperation061.23 Organizations with humanitarian, philanthropic aims061.25 Secret or semi-secret organizations and movements 061.27 Foundations. Endowments. Institutions069 Museums. Permanent exhibitions070 Newspapers. The Press08 Polygraphies. Collective works082 Collective polygraphy084 Pictorial material086 Documents of particular form087 Documents of particular origin or destination09 Manuscripts. Rare and remarkable works091 Manuscripts092 Xylographic books093 Incunabula094 Other precious, remarkable or rare printed works095 Books remarkable for their binding096 Books remarkable for their illustrations or for materials used 097 Marks of ownership or origin--1 PHILOSOPHY. PSYCHOLOGY101 Nature and role of philosophy11 Metaphysics111 General metaphysics. Ontology113/119 Cosmology. Philosophy of nature122/129 Special metaphysics13 Philosophy of mind and spirit. Metaphysics of spiritual life130.1 General concepts and laws130.3 Metaphysics of spiritual life133 The paranormal. The occult. Psi phenomena14 Philosophical systems and points of view140 Possible philosophical attitudes. System typology141 Kinds of viewpoint159.9 Psychology159.91 Psychophysiology (physiological psychology). Mental physiology159.92 Mental development and capacity. Comparative psychology159.93 Sensation. Sensory perception159.94 Executive functions159.942 Emotions. Affections. Sensibility. Feelings159.943 Conation and movement159.944 Work and fatigue. Efficiency159.946 Special motor functions159.947 Volition. Will159.95 Higher mental processes159.96 Special mental states and processes159.97 Abnormal psychology159.98 Applied psychology (psychotechnology) in general16 Logic. Epistemology. Theory of knowledge. Methodology of logic161/162 Fundamentals of logic164 Logistic. Symbolic logic. Mathematical logic. Logical calculus165 Theory of knowledge. Epistemology165.6/.8 Epistemological viewpoints and doctrines167/168 Logical methodology171 Individual ethics. Human duties to oneself172 Social ethics. Duties to one`s fellow humans173 Family ethics176 Sexual ethics. Sexual morality177 Ethics and society--2 RELIGION. THEOLOGY2-1/-9 Special auxiliary subdivision for religion2-1 Theory and philosophy of religion. Nature of religion. Phenomenon of religion2-13 The Holy. The sacred. The supernatural. Object(s) of religion/worship2-14 God. Gods (Personalised god(s) as distinct from immanent spirits)2-15 Nature of god(s)2-17 The universe. Nature of the universe. Cosmology2-18 Man. Mankind. Humanity. Doctrinal anthropology2-184 Man's relation to god(s)2-2 Evidences of religion2-23 Sacred books. Scriptures. Religious texts2-25 Secondary literature. Pseudo-canonical works2-27 Critical works2-28 Other religious texts2-3 Persons in religion2-31 Originator, founder, central figure of the faith2-32 Messiah(s)2-34 Martyrs2-35 Ascetics. Hermits. Fakirs2-36 Saints. Bodhisattvas. Enlightened ones2-37 Mahatmas. Gurus. Wise men2-38 Charismatics. Persons with supernatural powers2-4 Religious activities. Religious practice2-42 Moral behaviour. Moral theology2-43 Social customs and practice. Social theology2-46 Charity. Support for others. Pastoral activities. Pastoral theology in the broad sense2-47 Education in religion2-475 Preaching. Homiletics2-5 Worship broadly. Cult. Rites and ceremonies2-523 Buildings for religious use. Ecclesiology2-526 Objects in worship. Furnishings and decorations2-53 Acts of worship (by participants)2-54 Ceremonies by purpose2-55 Sacraments. Sacramentals2-56 Celebration2-6 Processes in religion2-65 Comparison2-67 Relations between faiths or with society in general. Religion and society2-7 Religious organization and administration2-72 Nature and structure of the organized religion, church. Ecclesiology 2-73 Government of the religion2-74 Legal administration. Religious law. Canon law2-76 Recruitment. Missionary activity. Missions broadly. Missiology2-77 Organizational structure of the faith, religion2-78 Religious organizations. Religious societies and associations2-8 Religions characterised by various properties2-84 Religions related to the state2-87 Schismatic groups. Heresies2-9 History of the faith, religion, denomination or church21/29 Religious systems. Religions and faiths21 Prehistoric and primitive religions212 Prehistoric religions213 Primitive religions22 Religions originating in the Far East221 Religions of China221.3 Taoism223 Religions of Korea225 Religions of Japan23 Religions originating in Indian sub-continent. Hindu religion in the broad sense 233 Hinduism narrowly234 Jainism235 Sikhism24 Buddhism241 Hinayana Buddhism. The lesser vehicle. Theravada Buddhism. Pali school 242 Mahayana. The great vehicle243 Lamaism244 Japanese Buddhism25 Religions of antiquity. Minor cults and religions251 Ancient Egyptian religion252 Religions of Mesopotamia254 Religions of Iran255 Classical antiquity257 Religions of Europe258 Religions of South and Central America. Pre-Columbian indigenous religions 26 Judaism261 Religion of the Biblical period. Ancient Judaism. Old Testament religion262 Ashkenazi Judaism264 Sephardi Judaism265 Orthodox Judaism266 Progressive Judaism267 Modern movements arising from Judaism27 Christianity. Christian churches and denominations 271/279 Christian churches and denominations271 Eastern church272/279 Western church272/273 Catholic church272 Roman Catholic church273 Non-Roman Catholic episcopal churches274 Protestantism generally. Protestants. Dissenters. Puritans 275 Re-formed churches276 Anabaptists277 Free churches. Non-conformists278 Other protestant churches279 Other Christian movements and churches28 Islam281 Sufism282 Sunni. Sunnite Islam284 Shi'a. Shi'ite Islam285 Babi-Baha'i286 Baha'i29 Modern spiritual movements -- 3 SOCIAL SCIENCES. STATISTICS. POLITICS. ECONOMICS. TRADE. LAW. GOVERNMENT. MILITARY AFFAIRS. WELFARE. INSURANCE. EDUCATION. FOLKLORE303 Methods of the social sciences304 Social questions. Social practice. Cultural practice. Way of life (Lebensweise)305 Gender studies308 Sociography. Descriptive studies of society (both qualitative and quantitative)311 Statistics as a science. Statistical theory311.1 Fundamentals, bases of statistics311.2 Research technique. Preparation. Tabulation311.3 General organization of statistics. Official statistics311.4 Private statistics314/316 Society314 Demography. Population studies314.1 Population316 Sociology316.1 Object and scope of sociology316.2 Sociological points of view and trends316.3 Social structure. Society as a social system316.33 Basic elements and subsystems of global societies as sociological categories 316.34 Social stratification. Social differentiation316.35 Social groups. Social organizations316.36 Marriage and family316.4 Social processes. Social dynamics316.6 Social psychology316.7 Sociology of culture. Cultural context of social life32 Politics321 Forms of political organization. States as political powers322 Relations between church and state. Policy towards religion. Church policy323 Home affairs. Internal policy323.1 Nationalist, popular, ethnic movements and problems. National and ethnic minorities323.2 Relation between people and state. Internal political activities323.4 Class war. Forms of class warfare324 Elections. Plebiscites. Referendums. Election campaigns. Electoral corruption, malpractice. Election results325 Opening up of territories. Colonization. Colonialism326 Slavery327 International relations. World, global politics. International affairs. Foreign policy327.2 Imperialism. Imperialistic policy. Political expansionism327.3 Internationalism. International movements, objectives327.5 International blocs327.7 Activity of international and intergovernmental organizations327.8 Political influence, pressure, on other states328 Parliaments. Congresses. Representation of the people. Governments329 Political parties and movements33 Economics. Economic science330 Economics in general330.1 Science of economics. Basic economic concepts, theory. Value. Capital. Funds330.3 Dynamics of the economy. Economic movement330.4 Mathematical economics330.5 National property. National assets. Social product. Balance of the economy. Estimation of national product330.8 History of economic theories, doctrines, dogmas331 Labour. Employment. Work. Labour economics. Organization of labour331.1 Theory and organization of work. Relations between business firms and employees331.2 Salaries. Wages. Remuneration. Pay331.3 Working conditions other than pay331.4 Working environment. Workplace design. Occupational safety. Hygiene at work. Accidents at work331.5 Labour market. Employment332 Regional economics. Territorial economics. Land economics. Housing economics332.1 Regional economics. Territorial economics332.2 Land economics332.3 Land use332.5 Land requirement. Long-term planning of land use332.6 Land value. Value of plots, sites, holdings. Real-estate value. Productivity. Rents332.7 Trade in land, in real estate332.8 Economics of housing334 Forms of organization and cooperation in the economy336 Finance336.1 Public sector finance. Government finance in general336.2 Public revenue336.5 Public expenditure. State expenditure336.7 Money. Monetary system. Banking. Stock exchanges338 Economic situation. Economic policy. Management of the economy. Economic planning. Production. Services. Prices338.1 Economic situation. Trade cycle. Development of economic structure. Growth338.2 Economic policy. Control of the economy. Management of the economy. Economic planning338.3 Production338.4 Production and services according to economic sectors338.48 Tourism338.5 Prices. Price formation. Costs339 Trade. Commerce. International economic relations. World economy339.1 General questions of trade and commerce. Market339.3 Inland trade. Internal trade. Domestic trade339.5 Foreign trade. External trade. International trade339.7 International finance339.9 International economy generally. International economic relations. Global economy34 Law. Jurisprudence340 Law in general. Legal methods and auxiliary sciences340.1 Types and forms of law340.13 Positive law. Legal norm. Enacted law. Statute law. Ius scriptum. Operation of legal norm. Rules of its application340.14 Unwritten law. Non-statute law. Ius non scriptum. Other sources of law340.5 Comparative law340.6 Auxiliary legal sciences. Forensic psychology. Forensic chemistry. Forensic medicine341 International law341.1/.8 Public international law. Law of nations341.1 Law of international organizations341.2 Persons and things in international law341.3 Law of war. International legal relations in war341.4 International criminal law341.6 International arbitration. International adjudication, jurisdiction341.7 Diplomatic law. Laws of diplomacy341.8 Consular law341.9 International private law. Conflict of laws342 Public law. Constitutional law. Administrative law342.1 State. People. Nation. Power of the state342.2 State. Structure of states342.3 Supreme authority. Sovereignty. Forms of state. Forms of government342.4 Constitutions. Legislative assemblies. National assemblies342.5 Power of the state. System and function of organs of government 342.6 Executive power of the state. Central organs of state government342.7 Fundamental rights. Human rights. Rights and duties of the citizen 342.8 Electoral law. Voting. Electoral systems342.9 Administrative law343 Criminal law. Penal offences343.1 Criminal justice. Criminal investigation. Criminal proceedings343.2/.7 Criminal law343.2 Criminal law proper343.3/.7 Particular offences. Specific punishable acts, crimes343.3 Offences against the state343.4 Offences against fundamental liberties, human rights343.5 Offences against public credit, morality, the family343.6 Offences against the person343.8 Punishment. Execution of sentence. Crime prevention. Deterrence343.9 Criminology. Criminal sciences. Criminalistics344 Special criminal law. Military, naval, air force laws344.1 Military penal law. Laws of armed land forces344.3 Military justice and jurisdiction. Courts martial. Military tribunals344.4 Naval penal law. Laws of marine armed forces344.6 Mercantile marine penal law. Penal and disciplinary regime in merchant navy344.7 Air-force penal law346 Economic law. Law of government control of the economy346.2 Subjects of economic law346.3 Economic liabilities. Economic contracts346.5 Regulation of economic order and control346.6 Regulation of prices, tariffs, finance, credits and accounts346.7 Regulation of individual sectors of the economy346.9 Enforcement of economic law. Sanctions. Supervision. Commercial disputes. Settlement. Legal protection347 Civil law347.1 Civil law generalities347.2 Law of realty. Real rights. Things. Chattels347.3 Movables in general. Personalty347.4 Commitments. Contractual liabilities. Bonds. Contracts. Agreements347.5 Noncontractual liabilities. Torts347.6 Family law. Law of inheritance. Heirs. Successors347.7 Commercial law. Company law347.8 Laws of air, space, ether347.9 Legal procedure. Judiciary personnel and organization348 Ecclesiastical law. Canon law. Religious law (option)349 Special branches of law. Miscellaneous legal matters35 Public administration. Government. Military affairs351 Particular activities of public administration352/354 Levels of administration. Local, regional, central administration352 Lowest levels of administration. Local government. Municipal administration. Local authorities353 Middle levels of administration. Regional, provincial government. Regional authorities353.1 Primary divisions of a country. Regions (generally). States in a federation353.2 Provincial governments. Provinces. Departments. Counties353.5 Divisions of provinces. Subprefectures. Arrondissements. Kreise353.8 Special kinds of regional administration353.9 Independent administration of regions of a country. Ministries of regions354 High level, top level of administration. Central, national government354.1 Ministries for general business355/359 Military affairs. Art of war. Military science. Defence. Armed forces355 Military affairs generally355.1 Armed forces generally. Armed services. Military life355.2 Recruitment of forces. Requisition of supplies, resources. War potential. Levies355.3 General organization of the armed forces355.4 War operations in general. Tactics. Strategy. Theatre of war. History of campaigns355.5 Service in, tactics of, particular forces and units. Training of troops and officers. Tactical exercises355.6 Military administration355.7 Military establishments: organization, functions356/358 Individual branches of land and air forces356 Army service generally. Infantry. Foot soldiers356.1 Infantry: personnel, organization356.2 General staff: personnel, organization356.3 Administrative and auxiliary services: personnel, organization357 Cavalry. Mounted troops. Motorized troops358 Artillery. Engineers. Aviation. Various technical units and their function358.1 Artillery358.2 Engineers' corps. Special units358.3 Technical specialities in the army358.4 Military aviation. Flying corps. Air force359 Naval forces. Military fleet. Navy: personnel, organization36 Safeguarding the mental and material necessities of life364 Social welfare364-1 Theories of social welfare364-2 Principles of assistance364-3 Social welfare agencies. Social welfare organizations364-4 People as providers of social welfare assistance364-5 Social welfare facilities364-6 Contributions and payments364-7 Social welfare operations. Welfare effort. Social services. Service provision364.2 Basic human needs. Requirements for well-being364.3 Social benefits. Social allowances. Social insurance. Social assistance364.4 Fields of practice in social work364.6 Social welfare issues365 Accommodation desires and their fulfilment. Safeguarding accommodation366 Consumerism368 Insurance. Communal provision through sharing of risk37 Education37.01/.09 Special auxiliary table for theory, principles, methods and organization of education37.01 Fundamentals of education. Theory. Policy etc.。

国际十进分类法

本等国的国际十进分类法出版商共同组成国际十进分类法联盟(UDC Consortium, UDCC)，正式拥有UDC的所有权。其成员来自世界各国，分別处理国际十进分类法的财务、管理事宜和修订工作。 ● 对于 UDC的修订结果及有关论文和修订的建议发表在《Extensions and Corrections to the UDC》上，由 UDCC每年11月出版。
back 5
◆ UDC的体系结构
◆编制思想 UDC基本原理与DDC相同。奥特勒认为UDC的
目的在于使任何一篇文献，只要经过正确编号与排档，就可立即从任何角度查到。
◆与DDC不同之处设有一套DDC所没有的辅助性联系符号
与关系符号，从而通过类号组配表达复杂的主题概念。
6
◆类表结构(基本大类)
0 Generalia 1 Philosophy. Psychology 2 Religion. Theology 3 Social Sciences 4 VACANT 5 Mathematics and natural sciences 6 Applied sciences. Medicine.
时，省去“-”或“.0” 前面的数字，直接加在主类号后。见P256页例。（11）合成符号——撇号′
撇号常用于化合物、冶金、高分子材料等特定门类。用撇号表示，构成一个复合概念。（12）字母及非UDC数字符号
UDC为适合某些类目按名称区分的需要，以表示特定事物，允许采用字母法。为加强类目的细分化程度，表达专深的主题概念，某些类目允许采用其他分类法的号码作为辅助性的分类号，加在UDC 类号之后。如：
如：159.9“19”
20世纪的心理学
(9)观点辅助号——点零零 .00…

毕业论文udc查询

毕业论文udc查询毕业论文UDC查询在撰写毕业论文的过程中，我们经常会遇到一个问题，那就是如何对文献资料进行分类和归纳。

为了解决这个问题，学术界提出了一种分类体系，即UDC （Universal Decimal Classification）通用十进制分类法。

UDC是一种基于主题的分类法，它将知识领域划分为不同的类别，并为每个类别分配一个唯一的代码，以便于文献的分类和检索。

UDC的查询可以帮助我们更好地理解和应用这个分类体系。

接下来，我将介绍一些UDC查询的方法和技巧，希望能对大家在写毕业论文时有所帮助。

首先，我们需要了解UDC的基本结构。

UDC由三个部分组成：主类、副类和基本类。

主类是UDC的最高层次，用一个数字表示，例如，数学是主类的0。

副类是主类的子类，用一个小数表示，例如，数学的几何学是副类的51。

基本类是副类的子类，用两个小数表示，例如，几何学的平面几何学是基本类的514。

在进行UDC查询时，我们可以根据自己的研究领域选择相应的主类。

例如，如果我们的研究领域是计算机科学，我们可以选择主类的4。

接下来，我们需要进一步选择副类和基本类，以便更加具体地定位我们的研究方向。

UDC查询的一个重要技巧是利用UDC表格。

UDC表格是一个详细的分类列表，可以帮助我们快速找到相应的类别和代码。

通过查阅UDC表格，我们可以了解到不同类别的范围和内容，从而更好地选择适合自己研究方向的类别。

此外，我们还可以利用在线UDC查询工具进行查询。

现在有很多在线平台提供UDC查询的功能，我们只需要输入相关的关键词或代码，系统就会给出相应的分类结果。

这种查询方法方便快捷，可以帮助我们快速找到自己需要的文献资料。

除了查询UDC，我们还可以学习和应用UDC的编码规则。

UDC的编码规则非常严谨，每个代码都有其独特的含义。

通过学习和理解UDC的编码规则，我们可以更好地理解和应用这个分类体系，从而更好地进行文献的分类和归纳。

最后，我想提醒大家在进行UDC查询时要注意一些细节。

阅读材料1-2：国际的十进制分类法

阅读材料1-2：国际十进制分类法国际十进分类法，即UDC(Universal Decimal Classification)，又称为通用十进制分类法，是国际通用的多文种综合性文献分类法，是世界上规模最大、用户最多、影响最广泛的一部文献资料分类法。

原由比利时人奥特莱和拉封丹在《杜威十进分类法》第6版的基础上编成。

1899年起陆续以分册形式出版法文本（第一册为《物理科学卡片目录手册》），1905年汇编成《世界书目手册》，1927年的法文增订版改名《国际十进分类法》。

后由国际文献联合会(FID)统一主持对它的修订工作。

近百年来，UDC已被世界上几十个国家的10多万个图书馆和情报机构采用。

UDC目前已成为名符其实的国际通用文献分类法。

UDC 采用单纯阿拉伯数字作为标记符号。

它用个位数（0～9）标记一级类，十位数（00～99）标记二级类，百位数（000～999）标记三级类，以下每扩展（细分）一级，就加一位数。

每三位数字后加一小数点。

如：6 应用科学、医学、技术62 工程、技术(总论)621 机械工程总论、核技术、电气工程、机械制造621.3 电工程、电技术、电气工程621.39 电信技术621.396 无线电通讯设备和方法621.396.9 雷达UDC共分4种版本,即完全版、中型版、节略版和专业版。

①完全版已出版了十几种文字的版本。

1899～1905年的法文初版称为国际第1版, 1927年出版的法文增订版（CDU）称为国际第2版，1933年出版索引和补充类表，类目总数增至6万个。

1928年德国国家标准委员会决定采用CDU为文献分类标准，将其翻译成德文并加以扩充后，于1934～1953年用《十进分类法》（德文简称DK）为书名分册出版，被称为国际第3版，类目总数增至12万个。

1936年英国国家标准局决定采用该分类法为国家标准，翻译成英文本以分册形式出版，20世纪70年代中期全部出齐，被称为国际第4版。

1940年起法国又出版法文本的修订版，称为国际第5版。

国际十进分类法UDC及查询

国际十进分类法UDC及查询国际十进分类法UDC《国际十进分类法》（UDC）是世界上规模最大、用户最多、影响最广泛的一部文献资料分类法。

自1899-1905年比利时学者奥特勒和拉封丹共同主编、出版UDC法文第一版以来，现已有20多种语言的各种详略版本。

近百年来，UDC已被世界上几十个国家的10多万个图书馆和情报机构采用°UDC目前已成为名符其实的国际通用文献分类法。

官方：.udcc. org/中文查询：.udcsummary. info/php/index. php?lang=chi现列简表如下：类号类名类号类名000<td width二"144" valign=K top"style二"width：108. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silver1.0pt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver . 5pt；padding：0cm 5. 4pt 0cm 5・4pt">总论<td width二"60" valign=,r top"style二"width：45. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：non e；border-bottom：solid silverl・0pt；border-right：solid silver1. 0pt；n)so-border-top-aIt：solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver .5pt；padding：0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt n>510<td width二"192" valign=n top"style二"width：144. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silver1.0pt； border-right： solid silver l.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-borderTeft-alt： solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：0cm 5. 4pt 0cm 5. 4pt">数学100<td width二"144" valign=,f top"style二"width：108. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silver1. Opt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-alt:solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：0cm 5. 4pt 0cm 5.4pt">哲学、心理学<td width二"60" valign=,r top"style二"width：45. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：non e；border-bottom：solid silverl・0pt；border-right：solid silver1. Opt；n)so-border-top-aIt：solid silver . 5pt；mso-borderTeft-alt: solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver .5pt；padding：0cm5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt n>520<td width二"192" valign^^top"style二"width：144. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silverl・0pt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：0cm 5. 4pt0cm 5・4pt">天文学、地质学200〈td width二"144" valign二"top" style二"width：108. Opt；border-top：none；border-left： none；border-bottom：solid silver1. Opt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-alt:solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：0cm 5. 4pt0cm 5・4pt">、神学〈td width二"60" valign二"top"style二"width：45. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silver1. Opt；border-right：solid silver1・ Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver .5pt； padding：0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt K>530<td width二"192" valign=n top"style二"width：144. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silver1. Opt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-alt:solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt0cm 5・4pt">物理学、力学300〈td width二"144" valign=,r top"style二"width：108. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silver1.0pt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-alt:solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt:solid silver .5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt 0cm 5・4pt">社会科学<td width二"60" valign=n top Kstyle二"width：45. Opt；border—top：none；border-left：non e；border-bottom：solid silver1. Opt；border-right：solid silver1. Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver .5pt； padding：Ocm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt K>540<td width二"192" valign=n top"style二"width：144. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silver1.0pt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver . 5pt；padding：0cm 5. 4pt 0cm 5.4pt">化学、晶体学、矿物学400<td width二"144" valign=n top nstyle二"width：108. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silver1.0pt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-alt:solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt:solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt 0cm 5. 4pt">空缺<td width二"60" valign=n top Kstyle二"width：45. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：non e；border-bottom：solid silverl・0pt；border-right：solid silver1. Opt；mso-border-top-alt：solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver .5pt；padding：Ocm5.4pt Ocm 5.4pt n>550<td width二"192" valign=K top"style二"width：144. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silverl.Opt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver . 5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt0cm 5・4pt">地质学、气象学500<td width二"144" valign=n top nstyle二"width：108. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silverl・0pt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver . 5pt；padding：0cm 5. 4pt 0cm 5・4pt">数学、自然科学<td width二"60" valign二"top"style二"width：45. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：non e；border-bottom：solid silver1.0pt；border-right：solid silver1. Opt；mso-border-top-alt：solid silver . 5pt；mso-borderTeft-alt: solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver .5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt 0cm 5. 4pt n>560<td width二"192" valign=K top"style二"width：144. 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Opt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-alt:solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt0cm 5・4pt">植物学800<td width二"144" valign=n top"style二"width：108. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silverl.Opt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-borderTeft-alt： solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：0cm 5. 4pt 0cm 5・4pt">语言、语言学、文学<td width二"60" valign=n top Kstyle二"width：45. Opt；border—top：none；border-left：non e；border-bottom：solid silver1. Opt；border-right：solid silver1. Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver .5pt； padding：Ocm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt K>590<td width二"192" valign=n top"style二"width：144. 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Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silverl.Opt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver . 5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt0cm 5・4pt">医学style二"width：108. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silverl・0pt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver . 5pt；padding：0cm 5. 4pt 0cm 5・4pt"><td width二"60" valign二"top"style二"width：45. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：non e；border-bottom：solid silver1.0pt；border-right：solid silver1. Opt；mso-border-top-alt：solid silver . 5pt；mso-borderTeft-alt: solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver .5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt 0cm 5. 4pt n>620style二"width：144. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silver1.0pt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver . 5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt 0cm 5・4pt">工程和技术科学25.<td width二"144" valign=n top"style二"width：108. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silver1.0pt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt Ocm 5・4pt">农业〈td width二"60" valign="top"style二"width：45. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silver1.0pt；border-right：solid silver1. Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solid silver . 5pt；mso-bordeTTeft-alt: solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver .5pt；padding：0cm5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt n>621<td width二"192" valign=,f top"style二"width：144. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silver1. Opt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-alt:solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：0cm 5. 4pt 0cm 5.4pt">机械和电气工程26.<td width二"144" valign=n top"style二"width：108. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silver1.0pt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver . 5pt；padding：0cm 5. 4pt0cm 5.4pt">家政〈td width二"60" valign="top ustyle二"width：45. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：non e；border-bottom：solid silverl.Opt；border-right：solid silver1. Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver .5pt；padding：0cm5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt n>622〈td width二"192" valign二"top" style二"width：144. Opt；border-top：none；border-left： none；border-bottom：solid silver1. Opt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-alt:solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt 0cm 5・4pt">采矿工程27.<td width二"144" valign=n top"style二"width：108. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silverl.Opt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-borderTeft-alt： solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：0cm 5. 4pt 0cm 5・4pt">商业管理、交通<td width二"60" valign二"top"style二"width：45. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：non e；border-bottom：solid silverl.Opt；border-right：solid silver1・ Opt；mso-border-top-alt：solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver .5pt；padding：Ocm5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt n>623〈td width二"192" valign=,r top"style二"width：144. 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Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silverl・0pt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver . 5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt 0cm 5・4pt">道路工程30.<td width二"144" valign=n top"style二"width：108. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silverl・0pt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver . 5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt Ocm 5.4pt">特种行业、仪表、手工业〈td width二"60" valign二"top"style二"width：45. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：non e；1. Opt；border-right：solid silver1・ Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-1eft-alt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver . 5pt； padding：0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt n>626<td width二"192" valign=n top"style二"width：144. 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Opt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-alt:solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-aIt:solid silver . 5pt；padding：0cm 5. 4pt0cm 5・4pt">通信工程<td width二"144" valign=K top"style二"width：108. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：none；border-bottom：solid silverl.Opt；border-right：solid silver 1.Opt；mso-border-top-aIt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solid silver .5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver . 5pt；padding：Ocm 5. 4pt 0cm5・4pt"><td width二"60" valign二"top"style二"width：45. Opt；border-top：none；border-left：non e；border-bottom：solid silverl.Opt；border-right：solid silver1・ Opt；mso-border-top-alt：solid silver . 5pt；mso-border-left-alt：solidsilver . 5pt；mso-border-alt：solid silver .5pt；padding：0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt K>621.4〈td width二"192" valign=,r top"style二"width：144. 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UDC,LCC,DDC

20121020056刘志鹏1,DDC的主要特点与贡献DDC在分类法发展中的贡献及其管理上的成功经验是：类目体系完整，覆盖全部知识、文献；类目详尽，等级分明，便于理解使用；首创以简明的号码标记类目的方法，便于图书排架、目录组织和检索；首次采用数字层累标记制，通用性好，易排易检，易于扩充、组配，具有较强的助记性、等级性；首创了类目相关索引，提供了从字顺角度查找类目的途径，便利分类表的使用；首次使用了复分与仿分方法；成立了长设机构，不断修订更新，保持分类法的长久生命力。

2,LCC的结构、标记系统及主要特点LCC（全生命周期成本，Life Cycle Cost，简称LCC），也被称为全寿命周期费用。

它是指产品在有效使用期间所发生的与该产品有关的所有成本，它包括产品设计成本、制造成本、采购成本、使用成本、维修保养成本、废弃处置成本等。

1分面标记制度的显著特点是分面符号，分面标记制具有容量大、组配灵活的优点，但编号复杂、冗长，对文献工作的多个环节难以适应。

2标记符号是现代文献、信息分类法重要的、不可缺少的组成部分。

分类法全部类目的标记符号及其构成的整体联系，就是分类法的标记系统。

3、分类标记的功能主要体现哪些方面？（1）以代号的形式表达类目（2）固定类目位置（3）显示类目之间关系4、对分类标记的基本要求是容纳性、简明性、表达性、助记性5、分类标记按组成成分划分为单纯号码、混合制号码，单纯号码又分为：单纯数字号码、单纯字母号码。

6分类标记按标记制度可划分为：结构型标记制（揭示类目体系和层次结构）和非结构型标记制两个基本类型7结构型标记制又可分为：层累标记制又称等级标记制、展开标记制、树形标记制顺序标记制代表性：《美国国会图书馆分类法》LCC混合标记制层累和顺序相结合的制度，代表为《科图法》分面标记制最早出现在UDC中，在CC全面系统的应用回归标记制代表为《布利斯书目分类法》起迄标记制又称扩充编号法在《联合国教科文组织叙词表》的分类表中使用3,UDC与DDC有何不同UDC《国际十进分类法》的特点：较早、较全面地采用概念分析与综合的原理及冒号组配技术，是世界上第一部半分面分类法；类目详尽，详本类目多达15~21万个；标记制度灵活，辅助符号多达十几种，表达概念的能力强。

国际十进分类法 UDC及查询

国际十进分类法UDC及查询国际十进分类法UDC《国际十进分类法》(UDC)就是世界上规模最大、用户最多、影响最广泛的一部文献资料分类法。

自1899-1905年比利时学者奥特勒与拉封丹共同主编、出版UDC法文第一版以来,现已有20多种语言的各种详略版本。

近百年来,UDC已被世界上几十个国家的10多万个图书馆与情报机构采用。

UDC 目前已成为名符其实的国际通用文献分类法。

官方网站:中文查询:?lang=chi现列简表如下:类号类名类号类名000<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">总论<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">510<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">数学100<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">哲学、心理学<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">520<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">天文学、地质学200<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solidsilver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">宗教、神学<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">530<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">物理学、力学300<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">社会科学<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">540<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">化学、晶体学、矿物学400<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">空缺<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">550<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">地质学、气象学500<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">数学、自然科学<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">560<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">古生物学600<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">应用科学、医学、科技<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">570<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">生物学人类学700<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">艺术、娱乐、休闲、体育<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">580<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">植物学800<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">语言、语言学、文学<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">590<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">动物学900<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">历史、地理<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">610<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">医学<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt"><td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">620<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">工程与技术科学25、<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">农业<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">621<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">机械与电气工程26、<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">家政<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">622<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solidsilver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">采矿工程27、<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">商业管理、交通<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">623<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">军事工程28、<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">化学工业<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">624<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">土木工程29、<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solidsilver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">制造业<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">625<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">道路工程30、<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">特种行业、仪表、手工业<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">626<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">水力工程31、<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">建筑业、材料科学<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">627<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">河道、港湾、海洋工程32、<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">机械零件及材料<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">628<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">卫生工程33、<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">机床及加工<td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">629<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">交通工程<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt"><td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt"><td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt"><td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solidsilver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt"><td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">621、1<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">蒸汽动力工程<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt"><td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">621、22<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">水力机械<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt"><td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">621、3<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">电气工程<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt"><td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">、38<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">电子学<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt"><td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">、39<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt">通信工程<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:108、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid silver 、5pt;mso-border-alt:solid silver 、5pt;padding:0cm 5、4pt 0cm 5、4pt"><td width="60" valign="top" style="width:45、0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid silver 1、0pt;border-right:solid silver 1、0pt;mso-border-top-alt:。

udc分类法

udc分类法UDC分类法是一种用于图书馆和信息管理的分类系统，全称为“通用十进制分类法”（Universal Decimal Classification），是一种以数字为基础的分类法。

UDC分类法的起源可以追溯到19世纪末，它在过去的一个多世纪中得到了广泛的应用和发展。

UDC分类法采用了十进制数字的形式，将所有知识领域分为10个大类，分别用数字0-9表示。

每个大类下面又细分为更具体的类别，通过在数字后面添加更多的数字来表示。

例如，大类0表示“一般性参考工具和一般性工作”，0后面添加数字3表示“一般性工作”中的“标志和标准”，0.3后面添加数字9表示“标志和标准”中的“国际标准”。

UDC分类法的优势在于其灵活性和可扩展性。

它可以根据需要添加新的类别，以适应新兴的领域和知识。

此外，UDC分类法还能够将不同领域的知识进行有效的整合和关联，使得用户能够更方便地查找和获取所需信息。

UDC分类法的应用范围广泛，除了在图书馆和信息管理领域得到广泛应用外，还被用于知识组织、文献检索、信息检索等方面。

无论是在实体图书馆还是在数字化图书馆中，UDC分类法都能够为用户提供方便快捷的信息访问途径。

在UDC分类法中，每个类别都有一个唯一的标识符，这个标识符由数字和文字组成，用于表示类别的内容和特性。

例如，标识符“331.101”表示大类3中的“社会科学总论”中的“社会科学研究方法”。

这种标识符的形式使得用户能够快速准确地定位所需信息。

UDC分类法在实际应用中还可以根据具体需求进行定制和调整。

例如，某个特定图书馆可能对某个领域的知识进行了深入研究，可以在UDC分类法的基础上添加新的类别或调整已有类别，以更好地满足用户的需求。

尽管UDC分类法在信息管理领域得到了广泛应用，但它也存在一些局限性。

首先，由于UDC分类法的数字形式，对于一些非数字化的领域或概念，可能无法进行准确的分类。

其次，UDC分类法的使用需要一定的培训和学习成本，对于一些没有专业知识的用户来说，可能存在一定的难度。

一次明白标准规范中的GB、CJJ、JB、JGJ到底是什么意思

一次明白标准规范中的GB、CJJ、JB、JGJ到底是什么意思一、主要分类中国标准分为国家标准、行业标准、地方标准和企业标准，并将标准分为强制性标准和推荐性标准两类。

二、主要分级国际标准由国际标准化组织（ISO）理事会审查，ISO理事会接纳国际标准并由中央秘书处颁布；国家标准在中国由国务院标准化行政主管部门制定，行业标准由国务院有关行政主管部门制定，企业生产的产品没有国家标准和行业标准的，应当制定企业标准，作为组织生产的依据，并报有关部门备案。

三、具体解释1、规范封面左上角的"UDC"：UDC表示国际十进分类法(Universal Decimal Classification),是世界上较流行的一种文献分类法.国际标准化组织(ISO)规定,各成员国应在其国家标准封面上加印UDC分类号,以利用国际交流.2、规范封面左上角的"UDC”之下的"P”：P表示中国标准文献分类法中规定的一级类目:工程建设类（Project）。

3、规范中的"GB”：别惧，那玩意是拼音，就是GuoBiao(国标)，规范里很多符号都是拼音，整的神秘兮兮的。

4、规范中的"GB/T”：GB是国标，GB/T是国标推荐，JB是军标，QB是企标5、行业标准JGJ、JGJ/T；城市建设行业标准CJJ、CJJ/T；协会标准CECS、CCES；地方标准DB；企业标准QB等。

6、与工程相关主要行业规范代号序号行业标准名称行业标准代号主管部门1 水利 SL 水利部2 黑色金属 YB 国家冶金工业局3 有色冶金 YS 国家有色金属工业局4 石油天然气 ST 国家石油和化学工业局5 化工 HG 国家石油和化学工业局6 石油化工 SH 国家石油和化学工业局7 建材 JC 国家建筑材料工业局8 地质矿产 DZ 国土资源部9 土地管理 TD 国土资源部10 测绘 CH 国家测绘局11 机械 JB 国家机械工业局12 铁路运输 TB 铁道部13 交通 JT 交通部14 劳动和劳动安全 LD 劳动和社会保障部15 电力 DL 国家经贸委16 城镇建设 CJ 建设部17 建筑工业 JG 建设部18 地震 DB 国家地震局注：行业标准分为强制性和推荐性标准。

国际十进分类法（UDC）迄今最详细版本

国际⼗进分类法（UDC）迄今最详细版本Universal decimal classification (UDC)国际⼗进分类法（UDC）Edit by Ximig写在⽂⾸⼜是⼀年毕业时，众多学⼦查阅UDC分类号诸多不便，是以整理于此，同诸位分享，祝愿各位学业有成！书签中⼀、⼆级标题已显⽰，部分三级标题也列出，可⽅便查阅。

中⽂简表(百度通⾏版)类号类名类号类名000 总论510 数学100 哲学、⼼理学520 天⽂学、地质学200 宗教、神学530 物理学、⼒学300 社会科学540 化学、晶体学、矿物学400 语⾔、⽂字学550 地质学、⽓象学500 ⾃然科学560 古⽣物学600 应⽤科学570 ⽣物学⼈类学700 艺术、⽂体580 植物学800 ⽂学590 动物学900 历史、地理610 医学620 ⼯程和技术科学25. 农业621 机械和电⽓⼯程26. 家政621.1 蒸汽动⼒⼯程27. 商业管理、交通621.22 ⽔⼒机械28. 化学⼯业621.3 电⽓⼯程29. 制造业621.4 内燃机⼯程30. 特种⾏业、仪表、⼿⼯业621.5 ⽓动机械与制冷⼯程31. 建筑业、材料科学621.6 泵、管道⼯程32. 机械零件及材料621.7 弹、塑性成形及加⼯33. 机床及加⼯622 采矿⼯程38. 电⼦学623 军事⼯程39. 通信⼯程624 ⼟⽊⼯程625 道路⼯程626 ⽔⼒⼯程627 河道、港湾、海洋⼯程629 交通⼯程英⽂简要⽬录0 SCIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE. ORGANIZATION. COMPUTER SCIENCE. INFORMATION. DOCUMENTATION. LIBRARIANSHIP. INSTITUTIONS. PUBLICATIONS00 Prolegomena. Fundamentals of knowledge and culture. Propaedeutics001 Science and knowledge in general. Organization of intellectual work001.1 Concepts of science and knowledge001.18 Future of knowledge001.32 Learned, scientific societies. Academies001.8 Methodology001.89 Organization of science and scientific work001.9 Dissemination of ideas002 Documentation. Books. Writings. Authorship003.01/.09 Special auxiliary numbers for writing systems and scripts003.01 Origins, precursors of scripts. Early forms of scripts003.02 Emergence of writing003.03 Graphic expression of language003.05 Means of producing signs and scripts003.07 Uses and styles of writing003.08 Characteristics of writing003.2 Writing systems. Graphic representations of concepts003.21/.23 Conventional writing systems used for general purposes of literate language communities. Orthographies003.21 Picture writing003.22 Syllabic writing systems003.23 Alphabetic writing systems003.3 Scripts003.5 Writing materials and equipment003.6 Other kinds of graphic representation of thought004.01/.08 Special auxiliary numbers for computing004.01 Documentation004.02 Problem-solving methods004.03 System types and characteristics004.04 Processing orientation004.05 System and software quality004.07 Memory characteristics004.2 Computer architecture004.22 Data representation004.23 Instruction set architecture004.25 Memory system004.27 Advanced architectures. Non-Von Neumann architectures004.3 Computer hardware004.3`1/`2 Special auxiliary numbers for hardware004.3`1 Production of computers004.3`2 Computer installations004.31 Processing units. Processing circuits004.32 Computer pathways004.33 Memory units. Storage units004.35 Peripherals. Input-output units004.38 Computers. Kinds of computer004.4 Software004.4`2/`6 Special auxiliary numbers for software004.4`2 Software development tools004.4`4 Programming language translation004.4`6 Runtime environment004.41 Software engineering004.42 Computer programming. Computer programs004.43 Computer languages004.45 System software004.5 Human-computer interaction. Man-machine interface. User interface. User environment004.51 Display interface004.52 Sound interface004.55 Hypermedia. Hypertext004.58 User help004.6 Data004.62 Data handling004.63 Files004.65 Databases and their structures004.67 Systems for numeric data004.7 Computer communication. Computer networks004.71 Computer communication hardware004.72 Network architecture004.73 Networks according to area covered004.738 Network interconnection. Internetworking004.75 Distributed processing systems004.77 General networking applications and services004.78 Online computing systems for specific use004.8 Artificial intelligence004.9 Application-oriented computer-based techniques004.91 Document processing and production004.92 Computer graphics004.93 Pattern information processing004.94 Simulation005.1 Management theory005.2 Management agents. Mechanisms. Measures005.3 Management activities005.31 Operational research (OR)005.32 Organizational behaviour. Management psychology005.33 Management conditions. Factors005.4 Processes in management005.5 Management operations. Direction005.7 Organizational management (OM)005.9 Fields of management005.91 Administrative management. Secretariat005.92 Records management005.93 Plant management. Physical resources management005.94 Knowledge management005.95/.96 Personnel management. Human Resources management006 Standardization of products, operations, weights, measures and time006.3/.8 Standards006.91 Metrology. Weights and measures in general006.92 Horology. Determination and standardization of time007 Activity and organizing. Communication and control theory generally (cybernetics). 'Human engineering'007.5 Self-acting systems008 Civilization. Culture. Progress01 Bibliography and bibliographies. Catalogues011 Universal and general bibliographies012 Author bibliographies. Individual bibliographies013 Collective bibliographies014 Bibliographies of works of particular characteristics015 Bibliographies of place017/019 Catalogues017 Catalogues in general. Subject catalogues018 Name catalogues019 Dictionary catalogues02 Librarianship021 Function, value, utility, creation, development of libraries 022 Library site, building, premises. Equipment023 Library administration. Staff. Personnel024 Relations with the public. Regulations for library use 025 Administrative departments of libraries026 Special libraries027 General libraries027.6 Libraries for special classes of user027.7 Libraries of institutions of higher education027.8 Libraries of institutions of primary and secondary education030 General reference works (as subject)050 Serial publications, periodicals (as subject)06 Organizations of a general nature06.01/.05 Special auxiliary numbers for organizations and associations 06.01 Rights and obligations of members06.05 Awards. Honours. Prizes. Distribution of prizes, awards061 Organizations and other types of cooperation061.1 Governmental organizations and cooperation061.2 Nongovernmental organizations and cooperation061.23 Organizations with humanitarian, philanthropic aims061.25 Secret or semi-secret organizations and movements 061.27 Foundations. Endowments. Institutions069 Museums. Permanent exhibitions070 Newspapers. The Press08 Polygraphies. Collective works082 Collective polygraphy084 Pictorial material086 Documents of particular form087 Documents of particular origin or destination09 Manuscripts. Rare and remarkable works091 Manuscripts092 Xylographic books093 Incunabula094 Other precious, remarkable or rare printed works095 Books remarkable for their binding096 Books remarkable for their illustrations or for materials used 097 Marks of ownership or origin--1 PHILOSOPHY. PSYCHOLOGY101 Nature and role of philosophy11 Metaphysics111 General metaphysics. Ontology113/119 Cosmology. Philosophy of nature122/129 Special metaphysics13 Philosophy of mind and spirit. Metaphysics of spiritual life130.1 General concepts and laws130.3 Metaphysics of spiritual life133 The paranormal. The occult. Psi phenomena14 Philosophical systems and points of view140 Possible philosophical attitudes. System typology141 Kinds of viewpoint159.9 Psychology159.91 Psychophysiology (physiological psychology). Mental physiology159.92 Mental development and capacity. Comparative psychology159.93 Sensation. Sensory perception159.94 Executive functions159.942 Emotions. Affections. Sensibility. Feelings159.943 Conation and movement159.944 Work and fatigue. Efficiency159.946 Special motor functions159.947 Volition. Will159.95 Higher mental processes159.96 Special mental states and processes159.97 Abnormal psychology159.98 Applied psychology (psychotechnology) in general16 Logic. Epistemology. Theory of knowledge. Methodology of logic161/162 Fundamentals of logic164 Logistic. Symbolic logic. Mathematical logic. Logical calculus165 Theory of knowledge. Epistemology165.6/.8 Epistemological viewpoints and doctrines167/168 Logical methodology171 Individual ethics. Human duties to oneself172 Social ethics. Duties to one`s fellow humans173 Family ethics176 Sexual ethics. Sexual morality177 Ethics and society--2 RELIGION. THEOLOGY2-1/-9 Special auxiliary subdivision for religion2-1 Theory and philosophy of religion. Nature of religion. Phenomenon of religion2-13 The Holy. The sacred. The supernatural. Object(s) of religion/worship2-14 God. Gods (Personalised god(s) as distinct from immanent spirits)2-15 Nature of god(s)2-17 The universe. Nature of the universe. Cosmology2-18 Man. Mankind. Humanity. Doctrinal anthropology2-184 Man's relation to god(s)2-2 Evidences of religion2-23 Sacred books. Scriptures. Religious texts2-25 Secondary literature. Pseudo-canonical works2-27 Critical works2-28 Other religious texts2-3 Persons in religion2-31 Originator, founder, central figure of the faith2-32 Messiah(s)2-34 Martyrs2-35 Ascetics. Hermits. Fakirs2-36 Saints. Bodhisattvas. Enlightened ones2-37 Mahatmas. Gurus. Wise men2-38 Charismatics. Persons with supernatural powers2-4 Religious activities. Religious practice2-42 Moral behaviour. Moral theology2-43 Social customs and practice. Social theology2-46 Charity. Support for others. Pastoral activities. Pastoral theology in the broad sense2-47 Education in religion2-475 Preaching. Homiletics2-5 Worship broadly. Cult. Rites and ceremonies2-523 Buildings for religious use. Ecclesiology2-526 Objects in worship. Furnishings and decorations2-53 Acts of worship (by participants)2-54 Ceremonies by purpose2-55 Sacraments. Sacramentals2-56 Celebration2-6 Processes in religion2-65 Comparison2-67 Relations between faiths or with society in general. Religion and society2-7 Religious organization and administration2-72 Nature and structure of the organized religion, church. Ecclesiology 2-73 Government of the religion2-74 Legal administration. Religious law. Canon law2-76 Recruitment. Missionary activity. Missions broadly. Missiology2-77 Organizational structure of the faith, religion2-78 Religious organizations. Religious societies and associations2-8 Religions characterised by various properties2-84 Religions related to the state2-87 Schismatic groups. Heresies2-9 History of the faith, religion, denomination or church21/29 Religious systems. Religions and faiths21 Prehistoric and primitive religions212 Prehistoric religions213 Primitive religions22 Religions originating in the Far East221 Religions of China221.3 Taoism223 Religions of Korea225 Religions of Japan23 Religions originating in Indian sub-continent. Hindu religion in the broad sense 233 Hinduism narrowly234 Jainism235 Sikhism24 Buddhism241 Hinayana Buddhism. The lesser vehicle. Theravada Buddhism. Pali school 242 Mahayana. The great vehicle243 Lamaism244 Japanese Buddhism25 Religions of antiquity. Minor cults and religions251 Ancient Egyptian religion252 Religions of Mesopotamia254 Religions of Iran255 Classical antiquity257 Religions of Europe258 Religions of South and Central America. Pre-Columbian indigenous religions 26 Judaism261 Religion of the Biblical period. Ancient Judaism. Old Testament religion262 Ashkenazi Judaism264 Sephardi Judaism265 Orthodox Judaism266 Progressive Judaism267 Modern movements arising from Judaism27 Christianity. Christian churches and denominations 271/279 Christian churches and denominations271 Eastern church272/279 Western church272/273 Catholic church272 Roman Catholic church273 Non-Roman Catholic episcopal churches274 Protestantism generally. Protestants. Dissenters. Puritans 275 Re-formed churches276 Anabaptists277 Free churches. Non-conformists278 Other protestant churches279 Other Christian movements and churches28 Islam281 Sufism282 Sunni. Sunnite Islam284 Shi'a. Shi'ite Islam285 Babi-Baha'i286 Baha'i29 Modern spiritual movements -- 3 SOCIAL SCIENCES. STATISTICS. POLITICS. ECONOMICS. TRADE. LAW. GOVERNMENT. MILITARY AFFAIRS. WELFARE. INSURANCE. EDUCATION. FOLKLORE303 Methods of the social sciences304 Social questions. Social practice. Cultural practice. Way of life (Lebensweise)305 Gender studies308 Sociography. Descriptive studies of society (both qualitative and quantitative)311 Statistics as a science. Statistical theory311.1 Fundamentals, bases of statistics311.2 Research technique. Preparation. Tabulation311.3 General organization of statistics. Official statistics311.4 Private statistics314/316 Society314 Demography. Population studies314.1 Population316 Sociology316.1 Object and scope of sociology316.2 Sociological points of view and trends316.3 Social structure. Society as a social system316.33 Basic elements and subsystems of global societies as sociological categories 316.34 Social stratification. Social differentiation316.35 Social groups. Social organizations316.36 Marriage and family316.4 Social processes. Social dynamics316.6 Social psychology316.7 Sociology of culture. Cultural context of social life32 Politics321 Forms of political organization. States as political powers322 Relations between church and state. Policy towards religion. Church policy323 Home affairs. Internal policy323.1 Nationalist, popular, ethnic movements and problems. National and ethnic minorities323.2 Relation between people and state. Internal political activities323.4 Class war. Forms of class warfare324 Elections. Plebiscites. Referendums. Election campaigns. Electoral corruption, malpractice. Election results325 Opening up of territories. Colonization. Colonialism326 Slavery327 International relations. World, global politics. International affairs. Foreign policy327.2 Imperialism. Imperialistic policy. Political expansionism327.3 Internationalism. International movements, objectives327.5 International blocs327.7 Activity of international and intergovernmental organizations327.8 Political influence, pressure, on other states328 Parliaments. Congresses. Representation of the people. Governments329 Political parties and movements33 Economics. Economic science330 Economics in general330.1 Science of economics. Basic economic concepts, theory. Value. Capital. Funds330.3 Dynamics of the economy. Economic movement330.4 Mathematical economics330.5 National property. National assets. Social product. Balance of the economy. Estimation of national product330.8 History of economic theories, doctrines, dogmas331 Labour. Employment. Work. Labour economics. Organization of labour331.1 Theory and organization of work. Relations between business firms and employees331.2 Salaries. Wages. Remuneration. Pay331.3 Working conditions other than pay331.4 Working environment. Workplace design. Occupational safety. Hygiene at work. Accidents at work331.5 Labour market. Employment332 Regional economics. Territorial economics. Land economics. Housing economics332.1 Regional economics. Territorial economics332.2 Land economics332.3 Land use332.5 Land requirement. Long-term planning of land use332.6 Land value. Value of plots, sites, holdings. Real-estate value. Productivity. Rents332.7 Trade in land, in real estate332.8 Economics of housing334 Forms of organization and cooperation in the economy336 Finance336.1 Public sector finance. Government finance in general336.2 Public revenue336.5 Public expenditure. State expenditure336.7 Money. Monetary system. Banking. Stock exchanges338 Economic situation. Economic policy. Management of the economy. Economic planning. Production. Services. Prices338.1 Economic situation. Trade cycle. Development of economic structure. Growth338.2 Economic policy. Control of the economy. Management of the economy. Economic planning338.3 Production338.4 Production and services according to economic sectors338.48 Tourism338.5 Prices. Price formation. Costs339 Trade. Commerce. International economic relations. World economy339.1 General questions of trade and commerce. Market339.3 Inland trade. Internal trade. Domestic trade339.5 Foreign trade. External trade. International trade339.7 International finance339.9 International economy generally. International economic relations. Global economy34 Law. Jurisprudence340 Law in general. Legal methods and auxiliary sciences340.1 Types and forms of law340.13 Positive law. Legal norm. Enacted law. Statute law. Ius scriptum. Operation of legal norm. Rules of its application340.14 Unwritten law. Non-statute law. Ius non scriptum. Other sources of law340.5 Comparative law340.6 Auxiliary legal sciences. Forensic psychology. Forensic chemistry. Forensic medicine341 International law341.1/.8 Public international law. Law of nations341.1 Law of international organizations341.2 Persons and things in international law341.3 Law of war. International legal relations in war341.4 International criminal law341.6 International arbitration. International adjudication, jurisdiction341.7 Diplomatic law. Laws of diplomacy341.8 Consular law341.9 International private law. Conflict of laws342 Public law. Constitutional law. Administrative law342.1 State. People. Nation. Power of the state342.2 State. Structure of states342.3 Supreme authority. Sovereignty. Forms of state. Forms of government342.4 Constitutions. Legislative assemblies. National assemblies342.5 Power of the state. System and function of organs of government 342.6 Executive power of the state. Central organs of state government342.7 Fundamental rights. Human rights. Rights and duties of the citizen 342.8 Electoral law. Voting. Electoral systems342.9 Administrative law343 Criminal law. Penal offences343.1 Criminal justice. Criminal investigation. Criminal proceedings343.2/.7 Criminal law343.2 Criminal law proper343.3/.7 Particular offences. Specific punishable acts, crimes343.3 Offences against the state343.4 Offences against fundamental liberties, human rights343.5 Offences against public credit, morality, the family343.6 Offences against the person343.8 Punishment. Execution of sentence. Crime prevention. Deterrence343.9 Criminology. Criminal sciences. Criminalistics344 Special criminal law. Military, naval, air force laws344.1 Military penal law. Laws of armed land forces344.3 Military justice and jurisdiction. Courts martial. Military tribunals344.4 Naval penal law. Laws of marine armed forces344.6 Mercantile marine penal law. Penal and disciplinary regime in merchant navy344.7 Air-force penal law346 Economic law. Law of government control of the economy346.2 Subjects of economic law346.3 Economic liabilities. Economic contracts346.5 Regulation of economic order and control346.6 Regulation of prices, tariffs, finance, credits and accounts346.7 Regulation of individual sectors of the economy346.9 Enforcement of economic law. Sanctions. Supervision. Commercial disputes. Settlement. Legal protection347 Civil law347.1 Civil law generalities347.2 Law of realty. Real rights. Things. Chattels347.3 Movables in general. Personalty347.4 Commitments. Contractual liabilities. Bonds. Contracts. Agreements347.5 Noncontractual liabilities. Torts347.6 Family law. Law of inheritance. Heirs. Successors347.7 Commercial law. Company law347.8 Laws of air, space, ether347.9 Legal procedure. Judiciary personnel and organization348 Ecclesiastical law. Canon law. Religious law (option)349 Special branches of law. Miscellaneous legal matters35 Public administration. Government. Military affairs351 Particular activities of public administration352/354 Levels of administration. Local, regional, central administration352 Lowest levels of administration. Local government. Municipal administration. Local authorities353 Middle levels of administration. Regional, provincial government. Regional authorities353.1 Primary divisions of a country. Regions (generally). States in a federation353.2 Provincial governments. Provinces. Departments. Counties353.5 Divisions of provinces. Subprefectures. Arrondissements. Kreise353.8 Special kinds of regional administration353.9 Independent administration of regions of a country. Ministries of regions354 High level, top level of administration. Central, national government354.1 Ministries for general business355/359 Military affairs. Art of war. Military science. Defence. Armed forces355 Military affairs generally355.1 Armed forces generally. Armed services. Military life355.2 Recruitment of forces. Requisition of supplies, resources. War potential. Levies355.3 General organization of the armed forces355.4 War operations in general. Tactics. Strategy. Theatre of war. History of campaigns355.5 Service in, tactics of, particular forces and units. Training of troops and officers. Tactical exercises355.6 Military administration355.7 Military establishments: organization, functions356/358 Individual branches of land and air forces356 Army service generally. Infantry. Foot soldiers356.1 Infantry: personnel, organization356.2 General staff: personnel, organization356.3 Administrative and auxiliary services: personnel, organization357 Cavalry. Mounted troops. Motorized troops358 Artillery. Engineers. Aviation. Various technical units and their function358.1 Artillery358.2 Engineers' corps. Special units358.3 Technical specialities in the army358.4 Military aviation. Flying corps. Air force359 Naval forces. Military fleet. Navy: personnel, organization36 Safeguarding the mental and material necessities of life364 Social welfare364-1 Theories of social welfare364-2 Principles of assistance364-3 Social welfare agencies. Social welfare organizations364-4 People as providers of social welfare assistance364-5 Social welfare facilities364-6 Contributions and payments364-7 Social welfare operations. Welfare effort. Social services. Service provision364.2 Basic human needs. Requirements for well-being364.3 Social benefits. Social allowances. Social insurance. Social assistance364.4 Fields of practice in social work364.6 Social welfare issues365 Accommodation desires and their fulfilment. Safeguarding accommodation366 Consumerism368 Insurance. Communal provision through sharing of risk37 Education37.01/.09 Special auxiliary table for theory, principles, methods and organization of education37.01 Fundamentals of education. Theory. Policy etc.。

什么是国际十进分类法UDC分类

什么是国际十进分类法UDC分类
什么是国际十进分类法 UDC分类
作者： csres 更新时间：2008-05-21评论: 0条
国际十进分类法，即UDC(Universal Decimal Classification) , 又称为通用十进制分类法。

是世界上规模最大、用户最多、影响最广泛的一部文献资料分类法。

原由比利时人P.-M.-G.奥特莱和H.-M.拉封丹在《杜威十进分类法》第6版的基础上编成。

1899年起陆续以分册形式出版法文本(第一册为《物理科学卡片目录手册》)，1905年汇编成《世界书目手册》, 1927年的法文增订版改名《国际十进分类法》。

后由国际文献联合会 (FID)统一主持对它的修订工作。

近百年来，UDC 已被世界上几十个国家的10多万个图书馆和情报机构采用。

UDC目前已成为名符其实的国际通用文献分类法。

UDC
分类法。

它最早提出概念分析和组配原则，被称为分面组配式分类法的先驱。

由于UDC 多语种、多版本、类目详细、组配灵活、标引能力强，因而不仅能适用于成册文献的分类和排架，也能满足单篇文献的分类要求，不仅适用于手工检索，也被成功地应用于机器检索，从而成为一种国际通用的情报检索语言之一。

80年代后期全世界已有50多个国家使用UDC，用户总数超过10万个。

英国、匈牙利和西班牙把UDC定为国家标准。

苏联则规定UDC为类分科技文献的分类法。

许多国家出版的期刊论文和特种技术资料都标有UDC类号。

中国国家标准(GB)上也标有UDC的类号。

国际十进分类法 udc

国际十进分类法 udc
国际十进分类法（UDC）是一种综合性的知识组织和检索工具，它通过将各种主题、学科和领域划分为一系列数字分类，使得各种文献和信息资源可以按照主题和领域进行检索和组织。

UDC最初由比利时图书馆学者保罗·奥托·韦格纳于1895年提出，现在已经成为全球范围内最广泛使用的分类法之一。

UDC的编号体系基于十进制系统，其中每个数字代表一个特定的概念。

例如，100代表哲学，200代表宗教，300代表社会科学，400代表语言学，500代表自然科学，600代表技术，700代表艺术，800代表文学，900代表历史和地理。

每个主题都可以进一步细分为更具体的子主题，以便更好地组织和检索信息。

UDC具有许多优点，包括其普遍性和通用性、可扩展性和可定制性、与其他分类系统的兼容性以及其使用的简单性和易于理解性。

在数字化时代，UDC被广泛应用于各种情境中，包括图书馆、档案馆、博物馆、数据库、数字资源库等等。

它不仅为学者和研究人员提供了一个有力的检索工具，还为知识产权管理和信息组织提供了一种有效的方法。

- 1 -。

《国际十进分类法》(UDC)的标记符号

作者： J.L.萨丹纳;黄明
出版物刊名：图书馆理论与实践
页码： 47-51页
主题词：标记符号;分类表;标记系统;助记符号;十进制小数;数字;标记制度;标点符号;数学符号;标记性
摘要： <正> 标记系统在任何分类表内的作用都是很大的。

质量差劣的标记系统会毁损分类表的价值。

UDC是基于DDC的大纲和标记基础之上的,在使用相同的大纲和十进制小数标记的同时,为了改善标记性能也使用了其它形式的标记系统。

如DDC里的地点用附加分类指示符——数字09表示,但UDC用园括号。

文献的形式和时间,同样可用不同的数字以区别之。

需要联系不同的主题时,必须使用冒号或者一个加(+)号。

它们也可被用来联结两个类号,以。