英语四六级考试译文笔记第19篇

合集下载

Unit19-译文及课后练习

十九单元个令人震惊的过失【人们经常将欧洲的高失业率仅仅归咎于诸多苛刻的规章制度。

】那是错误的。

1、芬兰的财政部长最近对欧洲的一千六百万失业人口做了个大胆的承诺。

他的国家在欧盟的轮回主席职位，开始于7月1日，将几乎是唯一的：这将会被记录为没有新工作创造方案。

2、也许什么都不需要。

那肯定是7月3日-4日在科隆的最高会议上进行一项最新的使失业的人重新就业的计划的那些欧盟领导人的愿望，它包括自发的工作创造目标及在企业、协会、政府和欧洲中央银行之间的“宏观经济对话”。

或许这可以神奇地削弱排队等候救济的长队，但不要指望它。

3、或许在通货再膨胀的触动下将帮助那些失业者再就业变得容易些。

欧洲中央银行可以降低利率，欧盟政府可以给它们的经济以财政上的支持，这都可以刺激就业。

但是欧洲中央银行却说在传递途径中没有更多的利率可以降了。

同时坚持紧缩型财政政策与欧盟的“增长和稳定条约”相符合，这把政府的预算赤字限制在了GDP的3%以内。

中央银行的银行专家们断言，欧洲的高失业率与宏观经济政策没有关系：这仅是一个“结构性”问题。

Unit 19A shocking errorEurope’s high unemployment is often blamed on structural rigidities alone. That is a mistake1、FINLAND’S finance minister recently made a bold promise to Europe’s 16m unemployed. His country’s presidency of the European Union, which starts on July 1st, will be almost unique: it will be marked by no new job-creation schemes.2、Perhaps none will be needed. That must be the hope of the EU leaders who launched their latest plan to get the jobless back to work at a summit in Cologne on June 3rd-4th. It involves voluntary job-creation targets and “macroeconomic dialogue” between companies, unions, governments and the European Central Bank. Maybe this will miraculously dent the dole queues. But don’t count on it.3、Or perhaps a touch of reflation might help to ease the unemployed back into jobs. The ECB could trim interest rates and EU governments could give their economies a fiscal boost: both would stimulate employment. But the ECB says no more interest-rate cuts are in the pipeline. And it is insisting on tight fiscal policies to conform with the EU’s “growth and stability pact”, which limits governments’ budget deficits to 3% of GDP. Europe’s high unemployment, the central bankers declare, is nothing to do with macroeconomic policy: it is solely a “structural” problem.4、这是废话。

托福TPO19详解

THE ROMAN ARMY’S IMPACT ON BRITAIN1. 原文in的部分是非主要成分，结构是军队呆在blabla，并且有影响，所以答案是A。

B将原文的非重要成分awake，C将原文的非主要成分fortification变成了主要部分，改变了句子结构，都错；D的economic strength原文没说，错2. 以area和most influence做关键词定位至第四句，说军队一直驻扎的地方，其影响最深远，所以答案是C，作为军事基地的地方。

B和D都明显不靠谱，A的conquer first最先占领并不一定是一直驻扎，军事基地才是3. 以local population做关键词定位至倒数第二句，说军事驻扎剥夺了当地人参加政府的权力，使发展停滞，种下仇恨的种子，然后又说这种仇恨使军事驻扎持续，所以正确答案是B。

A和C原文没说，D与原文相反4. suppress镇压，压制，所以stop by force是正确答案。

从单词本身看，press是压，前缀表示加强，所以这个单词一定跟压这个意思相关，A与压完全无关，所以不对。

原文说仇恨的种子种下，使得军队必须留下怎样反抗，B警告和C避免反抗明显不足，D强力停止，镇压是正确答案5. friction摩擦，所以正确答案是B冲突。

原文说当没有训练或者战事的时候，部队的人必须忙起来，否则就会成为什么的源头A反抗和D犯罪都太过了，军队不可能只要没事做就反抗或者犯罪，neglect完全不靠谱6. 修辞目的题，修辞点所在句子只是单纯说出例子，所以不是答案，往前看，前面这句话上题已经读过，说士兵必须有事做，否则就会闹事儿，紧接着就给出343名士兵做着做那，所以343名士兵做事是士兵必须有事做的一个例子，所以答案是B7. entitle赋予权力，授权，所以正确答案是A。

原句说当地人与军人之间有不正式的婚约，紧接着解释说直到AD 197法律才怎么样他们结婚，既然之前都是不正式的，也就是后来的应该是法律允许的，猜出允许之意，答案是A，B承担得起C鼓励D要求都不靠谱8. 以goods and services做关键词定位至第三句，说远方来的人满足了士兵对于商品和服务的需求，正确答案是D。

大学英语六级考试翻译：No.19

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌固定搭配动词的固定搭配（1）固定搭配是六级汉英翻译试题部分考查的重点和难点。

考生在复习备考的过程中一定要注意加强积累，才能在考试中熟练地运用。

今后每期将有二十到三十个固定搭配，太简单的（比方a few 有些，几个）我就直接无视掉了，每天记住几个就OK了，而且很多我们也学过。

这样在考试前我们能掌握近五百个搭配。

abide by 履行，遵守abstain from 戒除，弃权，避开account for 说明……的原因，是……的原因accuse…of…控告；谴责adapt for 调整adapt to 适应admit to 让……享有add up to 合计达，总括起来，意味着adhere to 粘附，胶着，坚持agree about 对……有相同看法agree on/upon 取得一致意见agree with 与……相一致，适合aim at 目的在于，旨在；瞄准，企图allow for 考虑到，估计，为……留出余地apply one’s mind to 专心于apply to 向……申请或要求appeal to 诉诸，诉请裁决（或证实等）approach to 接近；约等于apologize to /for 道歉，认错argue about 争论arrive at 达成ask after 探问，问起assure sb. for sth. 委托某人某事attach to 附属于，隶属于；使一连，使喜爱avoid doing sth. 避免干某事back down 放弃，让步，推却back out of 收回（诺言等）be begin with 首先，第一bear down 压倒，击败，克服bear down on 冲向；对……施加压力bear/keep in mind 记住bear off 赢得；使离开；驶离bear up 支持，拥护，打起精神blow over 使淡忘blow up 发脾气；放大（照片）等break away (from) 突然离开，强行逃脱break down 损坏；垮掉，崩溃break in 非法闯入，强行进入break into tears (cheers) 突然哭（欢呼）起来break off 中断，突然停止break out 逃脱，逃走；突然出现，爆发break through 突破，冲破；取得突破性成绩break up 终止，结束；打碎，粉碎；散开，驱散Exercise Nineteen1. This is yet _________________ （两国人民的又一个共同点）.2. His scientific works _______________（在英语国家得到广泛阅读）.3. Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces，_____________（改革也是解放生产力）.4.He is optimistic ________________（对现时信息产业的发展状况）.5.Work in all fields should be subordinated to and ________________（服务于经济发展的进程）.答案：1. another common point between the people of our two countries解析：本题考查通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整。

冀教版英语六年级下册第19课笔记

冀教版英语六年级下册第19课学习笔记 Title: Deepening Understanding of Unit 19 in the 6th Grade Junior High School English Textbook (Hebei Edition) In this article, we delve into the intricacies and highlights of Lesson 19 from the 6th grade junior high school English textbook published by the Hebei Education Press. This lesson offers a rich tapestry of vocabulary, grammatical structures, and cultural insights that are crucial for enhancing students' language proficiency and cross-cultural awareness.**Vocabulary Expansion**The lesson introduces a diverse range of vocabulary that covers various topics, including adjectives to describe emotions, verbs related to actions, and nouns associated with daily life scenarios. Students are encouraged to memorize these words through contextual learning, utilizing example sentences and engaging in role-play activities.**Grammatical Focus**The grammatical spotlight of this lesson is on the present continuous tense, which is used to express actions that are happening at the moment of speaking or at a specific time in the near future. Through illustrative sentences and exercises, students learn to identify and correctly use the present continuous tense in both spoken and written English.**Cultural Insights**Beyond language skills, the lesson also incorporates cultural elements that broaden students' horizons. Discussions about Western customs, traditions, and daily life practices provide a window into a different cultural perspective, fostering understanding and respect for diverse cultures.**Practical Applications**To consolidate learning, the lesson includes practical applications such as speaking activities, writing tasks, and interactive games. These activities not only enhance students' language proficiency but also foster their critical thinking and communication skills.In conclusion, Lesson 19 of the 6th grade junior high school English textbook (Hebei Edition) offers a comprehensive and engaging learning experience that combines language acquisition with cultural understanding. Through a balanced blend of vocabulary expansion, grammatical exploration, and cultural insights, students are equipped with the tools and knowledge necessary to excel in their English language studies.**冀教版英语六年级下册第19课学习笔记**在这篇文章中，我们将深入探讨冀教版英语六年级下册第19课的精髓和亮点。

新概念英语第四册19课文详解

新概念英语第四册19课文详解新概念英语第四册第19课是一篇关于锻炼和健康的文章，文章讲到通过适当的锻炼，我们可以提高身体的健康状况和受伤的恢复能力。

文章开头作者介绍了自己在刚开始锻炼时的恐惧和羞涩，但随着时间的推移，他意识到了锻炼的好处。

然后，文章介绍了人体的一个机制，即当我们受伤时，身体会释放一种化学物质叫做内啡肽，这种物质可以缓解疼痛和提高身体的自愈能力。

通过运动，人体也会释放内啡肽，从而达到类似于自然治疗的效果。

文章还介绍了适当锻炼对心理健康的好处。

锻炼可以解除焦虑和压力并提高我们的情绪和情感稳定性。

而这些心理上的好处是健康和幸福的必备条件。

接着，作者提到了现代社会中缺乏锻炼的现象，并给出了一些建议，如骑自行车、散步、游泳、打篮球等等。

文章的结尾，作者通过一些统计数据来说明锻炼的好处。

例如，锻炼能有效降低患心脏病的风险，而每周一小时的快走或慢跑，都会降低10%的心脏病发病率。

总体来说，这篇文章重点强调了锻炼的好处，既包括身体健康，还包括心理健康。

同时，作者还提供了几种适合大家进行锻炼的有益方式，并给出了数据来支持这些建议。

文章的语言运用简洁明了，不失生动和形象。

文中使用了很多形象生动的表达方式，如“一个井井有条的人，必是一个活力充沛的人”和“在现代社会中，许多人都是‘家、工作、家’的固定节奏，而这种生活方式是致病的一种常规”。

作者的发音很清晰，但有些语速较快，初学者听起来可能会有些困难。

在阅读这篇文章时，我不仅受益于作者提供的锻炼建议，同时也加强了我对健康和锻炼的认识。

我也意识到锻炼对心理健康的重要性。

我将继续在我的生活中强化锻炼的习惯，以保持身心的健康和活力。

新概念英语第一册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson19

新概念英语第一册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson19 What’s the matter, children?
We are tired and thirsty, Mum.
Sit down here.
Are you all right now?
No, we aren’t.
Look!
There’s an ice cream man.
Two ice creams please.
Here you are, children.
Thanks, Mum.
These ice creams are nice.
Are you all right now?
Yes, we are, thank you.
New Word and expressions 生词与短语
matter
n. 事情
children
n. 孩子们(child的复数)
tired
adj. 累,疲乏
boy
n. 男孩
thirsty
adj. 渴
Mum
n. 妈妈(儿语)
sit down
坐下
right
adj. 好，能够
ice cream
冰淇淋
本文参考译文
母亲：怎么啦，孩子们?
女孩：我们累了……
男孩：……口也渴，妈妈。

母亲：坐在这儿吧。

母亲：你们现在好些了吗?男孩：不，还没有。

母亲：瞧!有个卖冰淇淋的。

母亲：请拿两份冰淇淋。

母亲：拿着，孩子们。

孩子们：谢谢，妈妈。

女孩：这些冰淇淋真好吃。

母亲：你们现在好了吗?
孩子们：是的，现在好了，谢谢您!。

大学英语4级019【声音字幕同步PPT】

benefit n.利益；救济金 vt.有益于 vi.受益于
beside
beside prep.在…旁边，在…附近；与…相比
besides besides ad.而且，此外 prep.除…之外(还)
best best
a.最好的 ad.最好地 n.最好的人(东西等) bet bet
n.打赌，赌注 v.打赌，赌；确信，敢说 better
大学英语4级019
belief belief n.相信，信任；信念，信仰 believe
believe vt.相信，认为 vi.相信，信任，信奉
bell
bell n.铃，门铃；钟声
belong belong vi.(to)属于；归类于 beloved beloved
a.被热爱的 n.爱人，心爱的人 below below
better a.较好的 ad.更好地 n.较优者 vt.改善
between
between prep.在…之间，在(两者)之间 ad.在中间
beyond beyond prep.在…之外；超出…范围，胜过；迟在…下面 ad.在下，下面 belt
belt n.腰带，带状物；地带，区域
bench
bench n.凳，长凳
bend bend v.(使)弯曲；(使)屈服 beneath beneath
prep.在…下面(下方)，紧靠着…底下 beneficial beneficial
a.有益的，有用的 benefit

六年级下册冀教版英语书第,十九课翻译

六年级下册冀教版英语书第,十九课翻译Daming: Look! The new clubs for this term are on the board．I'd like lo join the Music Club because I can play the piano.What about you,Betty?大明：看！本学期的新社团在布告栏里了。

我想参加音乐社团，因为我会弹钢琴。

你呢，贝蒂？Betty：I like cooking，so l canjoin the Food!and Drink Club．Can you cook，Daming?贝蒂：我喜欢烹饪，所以我可以加入餐饮社团。

你会做饭吗，大明？Daming：No，I can't．Well，I can cook eggs，but that's．What about Linling?Which club can she join?大明：不，我不会。

哦，我会做鸡蛋，不过而已。

玲玲呢？她能参加哪个社团？Betty:I think she'd like to join the Dance Club because she can dance really well.Tory，how about you?贝蒂：我认为她想参加舞蹈社团，因为她跳舞跳得非常好。

托尼你呢？Tony: l'd like to join the Chinese Club.I can't speak Chinese very well．托尼：我想参加汉语社团。

我的汉语说得不是很好。

Daming: Don't worry about Chinese.We can teach you Chinese!So choose your favourite club．大明：别担心汉语，我们可以教你汉语！所以选择你最喜欢的社团吧。

巧记大学英语六级单词 Lesson 19

你喜欢用花和画装饰房子吗？
permeate
v. 弥漫，遍布，散布；渗入，渗透
Water will permeate blotting paper.
水能渗透吸水纸。
Our thinking is permeated by our historical myths.
我们的历史神话渗透着我们的思想。
Lesson 19
acquaint
vt. （with）使认识，使了解，使熟悉
The Internet and newspapers acquaint us with recent happenings around the world.
互联网和报纸使我们能及时了解天下之事。
array
你能设法在中午前赶到车站吗？
degrade
vt. 降低…身份，有辱…人格；使降解
You degrade yourself when you tell a lie.
说谎会贬低自己的身份。
Some people think that charity degrades those who receive it.
对大多数人来说，尊重他人的自由并不是一种自然的本能。
Immediately after she had bought the dress on impulse, the lady regretted.
那位女士一时冲动买了这件衣服，马上就后悔了。
inherent
a. （in）内在的，固有的，生来就有的
我在写博客，记录生活的方方面面。
glide
vi./n. 滑行，滑动，滑翔
The years glided past.

TPO-19 Reading 1解析

Q1正确答案：A解析：高亮部分的主干意思是：大量军队驻扎在新省份，并对英国产生重大影响。

所以A正确。

in the wake of 意为“随着”，与awaken意义不同，B偷换概念，错误；C将原文的非主要成分camps, fortification变成了主要部分，改变了句子结构，意义也错误；D选项错在经济只是影响的一方面，不是全部，这里以偏概全了。

Q2正确答案：C解析：以area和most influence做关键词定位至第一段第四句，提到军队一直驻扎的地方，其影响最深远，所以答案是C，作为军事基地的地方。

AB都没提到，D与第三句相反。

Q3正确答案：B解析：以local population做关键词定位至第一段倒数第二句和最后一句，提到军事驻扎剥夺了当地人参加政府的权力，使发展停滞，种下仇恨的种子，然后又说军队只好继续驻扎，镇压叛乱、组织政府，所以正确答案是B。

A和C原文未提及，D与原文相反。

Q4正确答案：D解析：suppress“镇压，压制”，所以D stop by force是正确答案。

Q5正确答案：B解析：friction“摩擦”，所以正确答案是B “冲突”。

Q6正确答案：B解析：修辞目的题，修辞点所在句子只是单纯说出例子，所以不是答案，往前看，前面提到士兵必须有事做，否则就会闹事儿，后面再给出343名士兵从事工作的例子，所以是用例子来印证前面的观点，对应B选项。

Q7正确答案：A解析：entitle to“赋予权力，授权”，所以正确答案是A。

原句提到当地人与军人之间有不正式的婚约，紧接着解释直到AD 197年法律才_____他们结婚，既然之前都是不正式的，说明后来的应该是法律允许的，猜出“允许”之意，答案是A，B“承担得起”C“鼓励”D“要求”都不合文意。

Q8正确答案：D解析：这题最好用排除法做。

A与第三段第二句相反，原文是说在fort gates之外形成了繁荣经济，而不是within the fort；B偷换概念，原文第三句说的是有部分贸易是旅商完成的，而不是most；C信息未在原文体现，未提是否是士兵放假时去周边购买。

新概念英语第四册长难句讲解（19）

【句型19】These days, it is differences in national regulations, far more than tariffs, that put sand in the wheels of trade between rich countries. (Lesson 8) 【译⽂】今⽇，正是各国条例的差异，⽽⾮关税，阻碍了发达国家间的贸易。

【讲解】此句为强调句，被强调的部分是differences in national regulations, far more than tariffs。

《流利英语》中的强调句还有：【原⽂】If there is one—which I take leave to doubt—then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. (Lesson 5) 【译⽂】假如确有这个问题的话——我冒昧对此表⽰怀疑——那么这个问题是由⽼年⼈⽽⾮青年⼈臆造的。

【原⽂】It is not just farmers who are complaining.(Lesson 8) 【译⽂】不仅是农民在抱怨。

【原⽂】If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.(Lesson 12) 【译⽂】如果这种作法有助于伪造的话，受损失的是银⾏⽽⾮储户。

【原⽂】It is fairly clear that sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important. (Lesson 19) 【译⽂】显⽽易见，睡眠必然具有某种作⽤。

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson19~21

【导语】新概念系列教材的经典早已不⾔⽽喻。

其⽂章短⼩精悍，语句幽默诙谐，语法全⾯系统，历来被公认为是适合⼤多数中学⽣课外学习的资料之⼀。

⽆忧考为您整理了以下内容，仅供参考。

希望可以帮助到您！如果您想要了解更多相关内容，欢迎关注⽆忧考！新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson19 【课⽂】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

What is going on when a person experiences rapid eye-movements during sleep? It is fairly clear that the sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important. Speculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest. 'Rest', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down. The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active. In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity. If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting? This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors. First the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp) shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less. The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental. Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep. He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid. People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming. When woken at other times they reported no dreams. If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were no exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming. CHRISHER EVANS The stuff of dreams from The Listener 【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】 speculation n. 推测 literally adv. 确实 odd adj. 奇特的 tissue n. 组织 plausible adj. 似乎有理的 hypothesis n. 假说 electroencephalograph n. 脑电图仪 electrode n. 电极 scalp n. 头⽪ psychiatrist n. 精神病学家 punctuate v. 不时介⼊ jerky adj. 急动的 disorder n. 失调 implication n. 含意，暗⽰【课⽂注释】 1.not simply a matter of...不仅仅是……。

大学英语四级Passage 19解析

Passage1946.题干：The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is______.题干翻译：作者认为在发展中国家向女孩提供教育______。

抄写定位句：Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world.翻译定位句：在发展中国家，向女孩提供教育比其他任何投资所产生的回报率都高。

抄写正选：C)rewarding翻译正选：有回报的正选解析：根据题干信息educating girls in developing countries可以定位到第一段首句：Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world.这句话大意为：在发展中国家，向女孩提供教育比其他任何投资所产生的回报率都高。

对应C项。

同义替换：yields a higher rate of return=rewarding47.题干：By saying“...the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling…”(Lines 4,Para.2).the author means that_______.题干翻译：通过说“...the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling…”，作者的意思是______。

抄写定位句：Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept to do housework while their brothers are sent to school…翻译定位句：因此，人们认为女孩没有男孩有价值，她们被要求在家里做家务，而哥哥弟弟们去上学……抄写正选：A)girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys翻译正选：女孩会比男孩价值更低。

TPO19-1TheRomanarmysimpactonBritain

TPO19-1TheRomanarmysimpactonBritainTPO 19-1 The Roman army’s impact onBritain1. In the wake of the Roman Empire's conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troops had a considerable impact on Britain with their camps, fortifications, and participation in the local economy.解析：in the wake of作为...的结果，随着...而来。

have impact on对...有影响，该句难点在于生词多troop 军队fortification防御工事participation 参与翻译：在公元一世纪罗马帝国征服大不列颠之后，有大量军队驻留在新的省份，这些军队的军营和城堡以及它们对当地经济的参与都对英国造成了很大的影响。

2. The imposition of military rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in local government, so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown.解析：imposition征收征税主语为the imposition of military rule 谓语为robbed。

participate in 参与加入. stunt 阻碍..的发展，因此原文中的was stunted就是被阻碍的意思，disaffection不满。

英语四六级阅读训练试卷及详解_(A-19)

练习：It ic eccier to negoticte initicl cclcry reqcirement becccce once yoc cre incide, the orgcnizctioncl conctrcintc inclcence wcge increccec. One thing, however, ic certcin: yocr chcncec oc getting the rcice yoc ceel yoc decerve cre lecc ic yoc don’t ct lecct ccc cor it. Men tend to ccc cor more, cnd they get more, cnd thic holdc trce with other recocrcec, not jcct pcy increccec. Conc ider Beth’c ctory:Proceccionclc ceec ccreer experience octcide oc their home cocntriec cor c vcriety oc recconc. They mcy ceel the need to rechcrge their bctteriec with c new chcllenge. They mcy wcnt c pocition with more recponcibility thct encocrcgec crectivity cnd initictive. Or they mcy wich to expoce their children to cnother ccltcre, cnd the opportcnity to lecrn c cecond lcngccge.Q: The ccthor believec thct cn individccl who cppliec to worc overcecc _______.c. ic cccclly crective cnd ccll oc initicitveB. cimc to improve hic coreign lcngccge ccillcC. ceecc either hic own or hic children’c developmentD. ic dicccticcied with hic own lice ct home答案选C文中讲到了人们选择到国外工作的原因。

【精品】科技英语阅读课文翻译unit19

科技英语阅读1—9单元译文：Unit1罗素悖论的提出是基于这样的一个事例：设想有这样一群理发师，他们只给不给自己理发的人理发。

假设其中一个理发师符合上述的条件，不给自己理发；然而按照要求，他必须要给自己理发.但是在这个集合中没有人会给自己理发。

（如果这样的话，这个理发师必定是给别人理发还要给自己理发）1901年,伯特兰·罗素悖论的发现打击了他其中的一个数学家同事。

在19世纪后期,弗雷格尝试发展一个基本原理以便数学上能使用符号逻辑。

他确立了形式表达式(如：x=2）和数学特性（如偶数）之间的联系.按照弗雷格理论的发展，我们能自由的用一个特性去定义更多更深远的特性。

1903年，发表在《数学原理》上的罗素悖论从根本上揭示了弗雷格这种集合系统的局限性。

就现在而言,这种类型的集合系统能很好的用俗称集的结构式来描述.例如，我们可以用x代表整数，通过n来表示并且n大于3小于7，来表示4,5，6这样一个集合。

这种集合的书写形势就是：x={n：n是整数,3〈n<7}。

集合中的对象并不一定是数字。

我们也可让y={x：x是美国的一个男性居民}。

表面上看，似乎任何一个关于x的描述都有一个符合要求的空间。

但是，罗素(和策梅洛一起)发现x=｛a：a不再a中｝导致一个矛盾，就像对一群理发师的描述一样。

x它本身是在x的集合中吗？否定的答案导致了矛盾的出现。

当罗素发现了悖论,弗雷格立即就发现悖论对他的理论有致命的打击。

尽管这样，他还不能解决这个问题，并且上世纪有很多的尝试，去解决这个问题（但没有成功）。

罗素自己对这个悖论的回答促进了类型理论的形成。

他解释说，悖论的问题在于我们混淆了数集和数集的集合。

所以，罗素介绍了对象的分级系统:数、数集、数集的集合等等.这个系统为形式化数学的形成奠定了基础,至今它还应用于哲学研究和计算机科学分支。

策梅洛对于罗素悖论的解决方法用新的公理：对于任意公式A（x）和任意集合b，都会有一个集合满足y={x：x既在b中又满足A(x)｝取代了以前的公理:对于任意公式A（x），都会有一个集合满足y={x：x满足A（x）}。

新概念英语四册课堂笔记：Lesson 19 English Social Differences

新概念英语四册课堂笔记：Lesson 19 EnglishSocial DifferencesLesson 19 English Social Differences 英国社会的差异A gentleman is, rather than does. He is interested in nothing in a professional way. He is allowed to cultivate hobbies, eveneccentricities, but must not practise a vocation. He must know how to ride and shoot and cast a fly. He should have relatives in the army and navy and at least one connection in the diplomatic service. But there are weaknesses in the English gentleman's ability to rule us today. He usually knows nothing of political economy and less about how foreign countries are governed. He does not respect learning and prefers 'sport '.The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for its function, and here grave difficulties arise. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell. He attends anadequately to technological development. Disbelieving in the necessity of large-scale production in the modern world, he ispassionately devoted to excessive secrecy, both in finance and method of production. He has an incurable and widespread nepotism in appointment, discounting ability and relying upon a mystic entity called 'character,' which means, in a gentleman's mouth, the qualities he traditionally possesses himself. His lack of imagination and the narrownessof his social loyal ties have ranged against him one of the fundamental estates of the realm. He is incapable of that imaginative realismwhich admits that this is a new world to which he must adjust himself and his institutions, that every privilege he formely took as of right he can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly relevant to social welfare.New words and expressions 生词短语professional n. 职业的hobby n. 业余爱好cast a fly 垂钓govern vt. 治理grave a. 严重的inadequately ad. 不充分地devoted a. 热心的incurable a. 不可救药的discount vt. 看轻entity n. 存有，本质quality n. 品质realm n. 王国privilege n. 特权cultivate vt. 培养eccentricity n. 怪癖diplomatic service 外交部门adequacy n. 适当sufficiently ad. 充分地disbelieve vt. 不相信excessive a. 过度的neotism n. 裙带关系mystic a. 神秘的narrowness n. 狭隘estate n. 社会阶层realism n. 现实主义adjust vt. 使适合relevant a. 相关的difference n. 差异1.professional n. 职业的通常略写为 prof [反]amateur[辨异]profession, occupation, jobprofession “专业”，强调 highly skilled/highly educated, such as lawyer, doctor, IT engineer,architectoccupation： normal and general, everybody can have an occupation.job 不但指工作，还能够表示干活，例如家务活。

新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson19：EnglishSocialDifferences

Lesson 19 English Social Differences 英国社会的差异A gentleman is, rather than does. He is interested in nothing in a professional way. He is allowed to cultivate hobbies, even eccentricities, but must not practise a vocation. He must know how to ride and shoot and cast a fly. He should have relatives in the army and navy and at least one connection in the diplomatic service. But there are weaknesses in the English gentleman's ability to rule us today. He usually knows nothing of political economy and less about how foreign countries are governed. He does not respect learning and prefers 'sport '.The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for its function, and here grave difficulties arise. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell. He attends anadequately to technological development. Disbelieving in the necessity of large-scale production in the modern world, he is passionately devoted to excessive secrecy, both in finance and method of production. He has an incurable and widespread nepotism in appointment, discounting ability and relying upon a mystic entity called 'character,' which means, in a gentleman's mouth, the qualities he traditionally possesses himself. His lack of imagination and the narrowness of his social loyal ties have ranged against him one of the fundamental estates of the realm. He is incapable of that imaginative realism which admits that this is a new world to which he must adjust himself and his institutions, that every privilege he formely took as of right he can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly relevant to social welfare.New words and expressions ⽣词短语professional n. 职业的hobby n. 业余爱好cast a fly 垂钓govern vt. 治理grave a. 严重的inadequately ad. 不充分地devoted a. 热⼼的incurable a. 不可救药的discount vt. 看轻entity n. 存在，本质quality n. 品质realm n. 王国privilege n. 特权cultivate vt. 培养eccentricity n. 怪癖diplomatic service 外交部门adequacy n. 适当sufficiently ad. 充分地disbelieve vt. 不相信excessive a. 过分的neotism n. 裙带关系mystic a. 神秘的narrowness n. 狭隘estate n. 社会阶层realism n. 现实主义adjust vt. 使适应relevant a. 有关的difference n. 差异1.professional n. 职业的通常略写为 prof [反]amateur[辨异]profession, occupation, jobprofession “专业”，强调 highly skilled/highly educated, such as lawyer, doctor, IT engineer,architectoccupation: normal and general, everybody can have an occupation.job 不仅指⼯作，还可以表⽰⼲活，例如家务活。

2019大学英语四级考试阅读学习笔记(19)

2019 大学英语四级考试阅读学习笔录(19)40. Infrared scanning technology may be brought backinto operation because of －－－ .A)growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on cropsB)the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produceC)the forceful promotion by the Departmentof AgricultureD)full support from agriculture experts注：因果关系词because of"This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States," says George Qerther of Texas A& M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired form the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.一、翻译标准：忠实、通畅1.忠实指意义忠实于原文2.通畅指切合中文表达习惯。

3.“信、达、雅”二、评分状况 ( 每题 2 分）1. 全句构造（句子中间各个成分地点次序安排能否适合合理）0.5 分2.除全句构造 0.5 分以外，剩下 1.5 分散布于句子中间三个重要给分点（往常为重要词组或许重要构造）重要构造：定语从句、比较构造、虚构语气、倒装构造、两重否定例： Researchers have established that when people arementally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain thatallow it to act more effectively in cognitive ( 认知的 ) areas such as attention and memory.研究人员证明人们在动脑筋时，脑筋里会产生生化变化，使脑筋在注意力和记忆力这种认知领域中更为有效的活动。