高考英语语法讲义练习含答案7之动词时态和语态

专题七动词时态和语态

动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，一般占1—2道题。命题思路有三：一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能依据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，需要结合语境判断；三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。

考生应熟知常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。高考题往往不会涉及单一的时态语态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和呼应及与语态的结合使用。所以解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间的先后关系，可根据不同情况采取“找标法”(寻找时间标志词)、“呼应法”(主从句时态呼应)、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“语境法”等解题技巧。

一､识别标志词

如果题干中有标志性的时间状语,则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态｡

[例]①More than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year.

A. sent

B. were sent

C. had sent

D. had been sent

[解析] 此题有明显的时间标志词last year,提示我们应该使用一般过去时;句中的主语students是被送的对象,应该使用被动语态｡答案为B｡

动词的时态一般都有其相应的时间状语,请同学们熟记下列8种常用时态所对应的时间状语｡

(1)一般现在时:often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等｡

(2)一般过去时:then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等｡

(3)现在进行时:now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等｡

(4)过去进行时:then, at that time, at this time yesterday等｡

(5)现在完成时: recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years…, for+一段时间, since + 一点时间等｡

(6)过去完成时:before, by the end of last month/years…等｡

(7)一般将来时:tomorrow, today, next week/month…, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等｡

(8)过去将来时:the following month, the next week等｡

[命题角度及对策]高考测试动词时态须与句中时间状语一致时,常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力｡敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态,是解决此类问题的良策｡

二､主从时态须呼应

如果所给题干是主从复合句,可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态｡

命题角度及对策]近年来高考考查主从句的时态呼应时,常放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查｡在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点:

(1)在时间､条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时,用现在完成时表示将来完成时｡

(2)正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境｡

(3)解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则:主句动词为现在时,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态;主句动词为过去时,则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时)｡

三､仔细体会语境

近年来高考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化､实际化｡因此,仔细体会所给语境,根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题｡

例：—Do you think we should accept that offer?

—Yes，we should，for we______ such bad luck up till now，and time______ out.

A. have had；is running

B. had；is running

C. have；has been run

D. have had；has been run

【答案解析】 A。由时间标志词up till now知道，动作是从过去延续到现在，所以第一空要用现在完成时；而根据语境可知时间快要耗光了，所以第二空要用进行时表将来。

—Can you tell me the timetable of the__________school bus?

—Well, the bus__________here for the __________campus at 7:00 A．m..

A．will leave B．left

C．is leaving D．leaves

【答案解析】 D。考查时态，“校班车的时间表”是规定好的事情，表示一般性动作用一般现在时。

【精选试题】名校模拟题及其答案

1. —What’s that terrible noise ?

—The neighbors _____ for a party.

A. have prepared

B. are preparing

C. prepare

D. will prepare

2. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _____ going back to scho ol, but she hasn’t decided yet.

A. had considered

B. has been considering

C. has been completed

D. is going to consider

3. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006.

A. has been completed

B. has completed

C. will have been completed

D. will have completed

4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly.

A. is changing

B. has changed

C. will have changed

D. will change

5. I _____ Ping –pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.

A. played

B. will play

C. have played

D. play

6. Visitors ______ not to touch the exhibits.

A. will request

B. request

C. are requesting

D. are requested

7. John and I _____ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____ each other a couple of times before that.

A. had been; have seen

B. have been; have seen

C. had been; had seen

D. have been; had seen

8. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.

A. killed

B. is killed

C. was killed

D. was killing

9. —How are the team playing ?