2011年全国职称英语考试真题答案综合类(A级)
2011职称英语综合(A级)阅读理解、答案
Operating a major airline is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.
High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive?s time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for
It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares reuire consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Eually the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares had been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink2
2011年职称英语等级考试综合类A级真题阅读文章翻译_2015年职称英语真题备考
职称英语备考真题2011年职称英语等级考试真题（综合类A级）2015年职称英语真题备考学派网职称英语团队原创翻译0第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Forbidden AppleNew York used to be the city that never sleeps. These days it’s the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple.If you wanted a glass of wine with your picnic in Central Park, could you have one? No chance. Drinking alcohol in public isn’t allowed. If you decided to feed the birds with the la st crumbs（碎屑）of your sandwich, you could be arrested. It’s illegal. If you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldn’t it? Er... no. You can’t smoke in public in New York City.What’s going on? Why is the city that used to be so o pen-minded becoming like this? The mayor of New York is behind it all. He has brought in a whole lot of new laws to stop citizens from doing what they want, when they want.The press are shocked. Even the New York police have joined the argument. They rece ntly spent $100, 000 on a “Don’t blame the cop” campaign. One New York police officer said, “We raise money for the city by giving people fines for breaking some very stupid laws. It’s all about money. ”The result is a lot of fines for minor offences. Yoav Kashida, an Israeli tourist, fell asleep on the subway. When he woke up, two police officers fined him because he had fallen asleep on two seats (you mustn’t use two seats in the subway). Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blocking a driveway with their car. It was their own driveway.The angry editor of Vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, says, “Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray.” He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray（烟灰缸）.But not all of New York’s inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugarry, 72, said, “The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws, America would be a better place to live. ”Nixon Patotkis, 38, a barman, said, “I like the new laws. If people smoked in here, we’d go home smelling of cigarettes.”Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100, 000 people than 193职称英语备考真题honest—who goes to New York for its clean streets?禁果纽约过去是个不夜城。
2011年全国职称英语等级考试(综合类A级)真题及详解【圣才出品】
2011年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解第l部分：词汇选项（1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.For some obscure reason,the simple game is becoming very popular.A.unclearB.obviousC.majorD.minor【答案】A【解析】句意：由于某种说不清的原因，这项简单的运动变得非常流行。
划线词obscure 意为“不清楚的，不明了的”。
A项unclear意为“不清楚的”，二者是同义词。
obvious 明显的。
major主要的；重要的。
minor较小的；次要的。
2.The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A.greatlyB.suddenlyC.generallyD.slightly【答案】A【解析】句意：海龟的自然栖息地大大地减少了。
划线副词considerably意为“相当大的”。
A项greatly意为“很，大大地”，二者意思相近。
suddenly突然地。
generally 通常；普遍地，一般地。
slightly轻微地。
3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A.instructingB.notifyingC.pushingD.inviting【答案】C【解析】句意：我从Moira那里得到一张便条，催促我尽快联系。
urge意为“催促”。
C 项push意为“努力争取；力劝”，二者意思相近。
instruct指导；通知。
notify通告，通知。
invite邀请。
4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A.raiseB.poseC.experienceD.handle【答案】D【解析】句意：完全有可能以不同的方式来解决这个问题。
2011年职称英语综合类A级_代码11_考试真题答案解析
答案：1—5 AACDC6—10 DAACD 11—15 DBACA16—20 ABCCB21—25 AAFEC26—30 AACDF31—35 BBBCB36—40 ADBDD41—45 BCCDC46—50 DBFAE51—55 CBCBA56—60 ABDAD61—65 ADCAB第一部分考题：词汇选项题1. A（unclear）-- obscure2. A(greatly) –considerably3. C (push) -- urge4. D (handle) – approach5. C (cause) –provoke6. D (stand) --- tolerate7. A (energetic) -- vigorous8. A (shake) – tremble9. C （praise）-- hail10. D (afraid) –scared11. D (understand) – grasp12. B (saying ) – remarking13. A (maintain) – assert14. C (continuous) – steady15. A (criticize) – find fault with第二部分考题：阅读判断The forbidden apple16. Some activities have recently become illegal in New York.答案为A。
文章相关句： These days it is the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least in public).17. It’s now illegal to smoke or drink alcohol anywhere in New York.答案为B。
文章相关句： These days it is the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least in public).18. Eating apples in the park is illegal.答案为B。
李玉枝版：2011年职称英语真题答案解析（综合类A级）
2011年职称英语考试已于3⽉26⽇结束，以下是⽆忧考考友分享的李⽟枝版：2011年职称英语真题答案解析(综合类A级)，希望对⼤家有所帮助。
2011年职称英语真题答案解析(综合类A级)：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下⾯共有15个句⼦，每个句⼦中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句⼦后⾯所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案⼀律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor 答案：A unclear--- obscure 2. The sea turtle’s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly 答案选择A(greatly) – considerably 3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting 答案：C (push)-- urge 4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle 答案：D handle—approach 5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest。
A ignoredB organizedC causedD received 答案：C caused ----provoke: 6.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand 答案：D stand= tolerate 7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris. A energetic Bhappy C alone D busy 答案：A energetic---vigorous 8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting 答案：A shake – tremble 9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB proved Cpraised D caught 答案：Cpraised ---hail: 10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid 答案： D afraid---- scared 11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand 答案： D understand--- grasp 12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing 答案：B saying--- remarking 13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged 答案：D (maintain) – assert 14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp 答案：D (continuous) – steady 15.She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines 答案：A criticizes--- finds fault with2011年职称英语真题答案解析(综合类A级)：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下⾯这篇短⽂，短⽂后列出了7个句⼦，请根据短⽂的内容对每个句⼦做出判断。
2011年度全国职称英语等级考试
2011年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A sayingB doubtingC thinkingD knowing13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15 She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2011年全国职称英语考试真题及答案综合类(A级)
2011年全国职称英语考试真题及答案综合类（A级）第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor答案：A unclear--- obscure2. The sea turtle’s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly答案选择A(greatly) – considerably3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting答案：C (push)-- urge4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle答案：D handle—approach5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest。
A ignoredB organizedC causedD received答案：C caused ----provoke:6.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand答案：D stand= tolerate7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energetic Bhappy C alone D busy答案：A energetic---vigorous8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting答案：A shake – tremble9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB proved Cpraised D caught答案：Cpraised ---hail:10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid答案： D afraid---- scared11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand答案： D understand--- grasp12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing答案：B saying--- remarking13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged答案：D (maintain) – assert14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp答案：D (continuous) – steady15.She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines答案：A criticizes--- finds fault with第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2011职称英语综合(A级)阅读理解、答案
2011年综合类阅读理解（A级）+新增第四部分阅读理解第四十一篇：The Operation of International Airlines(A级)International airlines have rediscovered the business traveler, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Instead, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair1would right argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many airlines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of the regular traveler. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.Operating a major airline is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares had been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink2 Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the excutive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive‟s time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive‟s attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.Another development has been the accent of seating arrangements. Regular travelers have become well versed in the debate about seat pitch—the amount of room between each passenger. And first-class passengers are now offered sleeperette seats, which for long journeys, make it possible to snatch a proper night‟s sleep. Sleeperettes have proved so popular that they will soon become universal in the front end of most aircraft.The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges are commonplace and intended to make the inevitable waiting between flights a little more bearable. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably, there is little the airlines can do to speed up the boring immigration and Customs process, which manages to upset and frustrate passengers of all classes in every continent.Although it is the airlines‟ intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would nonetheless like to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler—the expensive habit of booking a flight and then failing to turn up. The practice is particularly widespread in Europe, where businessmen frequently book return journeys home one on several flights.练习：1. According to the passage, in operating air lines it is essential toA.keep in mind the need of the executives only.B.satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives.C.try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares.D.cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of the jets.2. The following are all mentioned as reasons why the airlines are having a hardtime EXCEPT thatA.the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low.B.there is no increase in the number of passengers.C.there are more seats on the planes than needed.D.the competition between airlines is strong.3. The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following EXCEPTA.making their seats more comfortable.B.providing better food during flights.C.showing more movies during the long flights.D.offering sleeperettes to first-class passengers.4. There is not much the airlines can do when it comes toA.making sure the departures are not delayed.B.the efficient handling of luggage.C.speeding up customs procedure.D.the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges.5. Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers thatfrustrates the airlines?A.They do not book their seats in advance.B.They do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take.C.They do not travel on the flight they have booked.D.They do not pay in advance for the seats they book.练习：1. According to the passage, in operating air lines it is essential toA. keep in mind the need of the executives only.B. satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives.C. try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares.D. cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of the jets.2. The following are all mentioned as reasons why the airlines are having a hardtime EXCEPT thatA. the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low.B. there is no increase in the number of passengers.C. there are more seats on the planes than needed.D. the competition between airlines is strong.3. The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following EXCEPTA. making their seats more comfortable.B. providing better food during flights.C. showing more movies during the long flights.D. offering sleeperettes to first-class passengers.4. There is not much the airlines can do when it comes toA. making sure the departures are not delayed.B. the efficient handling of luggage.C. speeding up customs procedure.D. the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges.5. Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers thatfrustrates the airlines?A. They do not book their seats in advance.B. They do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take.C. They do not travel on the flight they have booked.D. They do not pay in advance for the seats they book.第四十二篇：Sauna桑拿(A级)Ceremonial正式的bathing1has existed for thousands of years and has many forms,one of which is the sauna. The Finns芬兰人have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans2 used sweat lodges.The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit3 would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “savusauna” , is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving4. Those with muscle aches orarthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time5. The body‟s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, this imitating6a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying “feed a cold, starve a fever”7. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 1bs8 of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body‟s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system9gets a work out10as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor‟s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions11 at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.练习:1. Ceremonial bathingA)is called the sauna by Finns.B)is equivalent to the steam bath.C)has various forms.D)is held in an enclosed room.2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?A)Saunas in underground caves.B)Saunas with smoke.C)Saunas using wood burning stoves.D)Saunas in using electric stoves.3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPTA)reducing the chance of getting coldB)speeding recovery.C)relieving stress.D)curing asthma. [医]哮喘4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow发光,发热becauseA)pores毛孔are cleaned by sweat.B)water is lost by sweating.C)blood moves to the surface for heat exchange.D)the heart pumps harder and faster.5. Who are advised not to take a sauna?A)Elderly people.B)Pregnant women.C)People with heart trouble.D)All of the above.练习:1. Ceremonial bathingA)is called the sauna by Finns.B)is equivalent to the steam bath.C)has various forms.D)is held in an enclosed room.2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?A)Saunas in underground caves.B)Saunas with smoke.C)Saunas using wood burning stoves.D)Saunas in using electric stoves.3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPTA)reducing the chance of getting coldB)speeding recovery.C)relieving stress.D)curing asthma. [医]哮喘4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow发光,发热becauseA)pores毛孔are cleaned by sweat.B)water is lost by sweating.C)blood moves to the surface for heat exchange.D)the heart pumps harder and faster.5. Who are advised not to take a sauna?A)Elderly people.B)Pregnant women.C)People with heart trouble.D)All of the above.第四十三篇：Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack? (A级)In the aftermath of1the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable; Can building be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists?Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero2 as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit, they spent two days beginning thetask of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in building that were damaged, but still are standing3.“Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage4,” said M. Bruneau, Ph.D. “Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies5to achieve enhanced performance of buildings6in the event of terrorist attacks,” he added.Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail7 the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. “This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,” explained A. Whittaker, Ph.D. “The column became a missile that shot across the road, through the window and through the floor.”The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing8system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact9. “Highly redundant ductile framing sy stems may provide a simple, but robust strategy for blast resistance,” he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails. “We also need a better understanding of the mechanism o f collapse,” said A. Whittaker. “We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it.”A. Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that “earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutio ns and to develop new ones where none exist at present.”练习：1. The question raised in the first paragraph is oneA)that was asked by structural engineers a month ago.B)that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now.C)that was never thought of before the terrorist attack.D)that terrorists are eager to find a solution to .2. The project funded by the National Science FoundationA)was first proposed by some engineers at UB.B)took about two days to complete.C)was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack.D)was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts.3. The column mentioned by Dr. WhittakerA)was part of the building close to the World Trade Center.B)was part of the World Trade Center.C)was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade Center.D)damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the world Trade Center.4. A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is thatA)floors in the adjacent buildings remain undamaged.B)some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion.C)simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant.D)floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris.5. What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT thatA)blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant design.B)blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for terror-resistantdesign.C)solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply toterrorist-resistant design.D)blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science.练习：1. The question raised in the first paragraph is oneA)that was asked by structural engineers a month ago.B)that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now.C)that was never thought of before the terrorist attack.D)that terrorists are eager to find a solution to .2. The project funded by the National Science FoundationA)was first proposed by some engineers at UB.B)took about two days to complete.C)was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack.D)was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts.3. The column mentioned by Dr. WhittakerA)was part of the building close to the World Trade Center.B)was part of the World Trade Center.C)was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade Center.D)damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the world Trade Center.4. A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is thatA)floors in the adjacent buildings remain undamaged.B)some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion.C)simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant.D)floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris.5. What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT thatA)blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant design.B)blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for terror-resistantdesign.C)solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply toterrorist-resistant design.D)blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science.第四十四篇Americans Get Touchy1 (A级)The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see. Say goodbye to the greetings of the past, from the hands-off "What's up!" to the handshake or high-five. For young people across the country, hugging is the new "Hello".Girls are hugging girls. Boys are hugging boys. Girls and boys are hugging each other. And, like every major trend, there are lots of variations on the form. There's the classic, full-body, arms-around-the-person bear hug, the casual one-armed side hug, the group hug and the hug from behind. There's the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back.As trends go, this one seems pretty innocent. But some parents, teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless. Will young people who aren't as comfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging? Will kids who don't receive hugs feel left Out? Could an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment?In response to some of these concerns, some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate hugging. One school head ha created a three-second limitation for hugs at her school. A few schools have taken even more drastic measures, placing a ban on all forms of touching between students.A few important points are being left out of the discussion. While the US has traditionally been reserved about touching - saving hugs and kisses for relatives, romantic partners and very close friends - people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages.In Latin America or Western Europe, in countries like Spain, France, and Italy, a kiss on the cheek is common among women, as well as among women and men who are not romantically involved. The cheek-kiss varies by region. Sometimes it is just an air kiss blown past the face. In other places, the proper way of greeting is to deliver a kiss upon both cheeks, or sometimes even a triplet of kisses performed by kissing one cheek, then the other, then back to the first.Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men, but in some countries like Turkey, it's not unusual for men who know eachother well to exchange kisses on the cheek. Meanwhile, for the Maori people of New Zealand, a traditional greeting called the "hongi" involves pressing noses together.So, from a global perspective, the new trend of teen hugging in America is not so "new" after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello, and Americans are just now joining in.词汇：touchy adj. 易怒的；敏感的harassment n. 骚扰triplet n. 三个一组；三件一套注释：1. touchy 的本意为“易怒的”、“敏感的”，这里用来指“喜欢肢体接触的”，标题意味美国人越来越喜欢肢体接触了。
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2011年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题题解第 1 部分：词汇选项1、A obscure 不清楚的、晦涩的，在四个选项中和 unclear 同义，obvious明显的，恰好是obscure 的反义词；major 和 minor 分别为"主要的"和"次要的"意思。
2 、A considerably 意为"相当大地、在很大程度上"，是副词，修饰动词，故用 greatly 替换。
又如: His English has been considerably improved. 他的英语大有起色。
slightly 为它的反义词。
3 、C 动词 urge"敦促、催促"的意思，push 通常的意义是"推"，但可以转义而具有和urge 相同的意义，又如：The residents are pushing the local authorities to take me measures to handle the pollution problem immediately. 居民们敦促地方当局立即采取措施处理污染问题。
4、 D approach 做动词有多种解释，其中一种和 handle 意义相近，即"处理、对待"等，如：approach the issue with an impartial attitude 已不偏不倚的态度来对待这个问题，approach the subject from a historical point of view 从历史的角度来看这个主题。
5 、C provoke 是"激起、引发"的意思，如: provoke indignation of the public 激起公愤，cause 可以表达同样的意义，但要普通得多。
6、 D tolerate 是"忍受"的意思，如: tolerate the heat 忍受酷热，tolerate the loneliness 忍受孤独，tolerate the humiliation 忍受侮辱。
和它同义的词常用的有 bear, endure和 stand。
7、 A vigorous 是"活力充沛"的意思，和 energetic 同义8 、A trembling 是动词 tremble 的 -ing 分词形式，意思是"发抖"，在四个选项中只有shaking 具有同样的意义。
9 、C hail 这个动词有"热情赞扬、欢呼认可"等意思，如: They hailed the young pianist for his marvelous performance.他们对那位年轻钢琴家的出色演奏大家赞扬。
The bandits hailed him their leader. 土匪们拥他为王。
注意本句中的谓语动词The young man is being hailed. . . 是被动式，现在进行时。
10 、D scared 是"害怕"的意思，很常用，如: The kids were all scared by his fierce look. 孩子们被他的一脸凶相吓坏了。
不过在本句里，scared 并非"惧怕"的意思，而更接近于"担心"的意思，故和 afraid 相当。
11 、D grasp 这个动词是"抓住"的意思，可用于具体的事物，如: grasp the rope/my hand 抓住绳索/抓住我的手，也可以用于抽象的概念，如：grasp the main idea/ his meaning 抓住要点/理解他的意思。
在本句中 grasp the significance of what had happened 就相当于 understand the significance of what had happened.12 、B remark 这个动词就是 "说"的意思，所以这里就用 saying 来代替它。
13 、A assert 是个比较正式的词，表示"声言、提出主张"等，故和表示自己立场的maintain 同义。
Recommend 推荐，consider 考虑，acknowledge承认。
14 、C steady 是"稳定的"意思，a steady decline 则是"稳步下降"，在这个上下文中可以用 continuous 来代替它，即"不断下降"。
Sharp decline 则是"急剧下降"。
15 、A find fault with something/someone 是个固定的表达式，意为"找茬、吹毛求疵"，所以和 criticize（批评）基本同义。
第 2 部分：阅读判断16 、A 在第二段里作者给了好几个例子，如在公共场所不许喝酒、不许用面包屑喂鸟、酒吧里不许抽烟等，说明在纽约有些行为最近被定为违法。
17 、B 文章只说在纽约公共场所不得抽烟，并非在所有的地方都禁止抽烟，也不是在哪里都不可以喝含酒精的饮料，在酒吧还是可以喝的。
18 、C 文中没有提到在公园里不可以吃苹果。
19 、C 文中说到某些人对新的法规的反应，但没有讲到商人们的反应如何。
20 、B 文中原句是这样说的: Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blockinga driveway with their car. It was their own driveway. 他们挡住的车道并非是公共车道，而是他们自己的车道。
21 、A The angry editor of Vanity Fair magazine，Graydon Carter，says，"Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work ，but not an empty ashtray. "虽然这位编辑没有用 stupid 这个词，但从他所说的足可见他认为有些新的法规实在愚蠢:枪支可以带到工作场所，但却不可以带一个空的烟灰缸。
22 、A 从文章的最后一段可见。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子23 、F 第一段的第一句话就讲世上几乎没有什么事我们是单枪匹马去完成的。
接着作者举了好几个人们在群体中生活和工作的例子。
所以 People are in groups. 正是本段的中心。
24 、E 本段的第一句 In almost every situation where you're in a group，you will need a skilled leader. 就是它的主题句。
本段要讲的就是任何一个群体都需要有一个领导者。
25 、C 本段虽然以 Some people are natural leaders.（有些人生来就是当头的。
）开始，但作者并不真正认同这一观点，这从 Although a 1ot of people agree that there are some natural- born leaders，most people now recognize that leadership can also be taught.这句话可以看到。
所以 Training can make good 1eaders. 概括了本段的大意。
26 、A 本段的第一句是它的主题句: Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader.a range of qualities 就是a variety of qualities，即各种素质。
27 、A 答案可见第一段的最后一句: ...being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success.28 、C Groups often break down because of lack of good leaders. 这句话是第二段中下面这句话的另一种说法: Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down.29 、D 请见第二段里的这句话: Good leaders don't make people do things in a bossy ，controlling way.30 、B 请见第四段里这句话: Self-confidence is vital for you to overcome your own fears about being a leader. be vital for someone to do something 即对某人做某事是十分关键的，和 be the key to doing something 是同一个意思。
第4 部分：阅读理解31、B 文章一开头就讲到超市用新鲜面包的香味来促使顾客消费，在第三段具体提到一家旅行社和不少咖啡店都用气味来吸引顾客。
在第一段里提到银行，但该银行还只是处于和一家香气咨询公司商谈阶段，尚没有开始使用。
32 、B 从第一段最后的一句话可得到答案: Researchers have suggested that surrounding customers with the "smell of money" will encourage them to feel relaxed and optimistic and give them added confidence in the bank's security and professiona1ism.33 、B 请见第二段的第一句话: But before a smell can be manufactured and introduced into banks' air conditioning systems，it must be identified and chemically ana1ysed，and this has proved to be difficult.34 、C harness 意为"驾驭、控制"，和 control 同义。