现在完成时的句型、用法及例句

创作编号：BG7531400019813488897SX

创作者：别如克*

现在完成时

一．构成

助动词have/has + 过去分词

例:肯定句I have worked. He has worked.

否定句I have not (haven't ) worked. He has not (hasn't )worked .

疑问句Have you worked ? Has he worked ?

回答Yes，I have. / No , I haven't . Yes, he has./ No, he hasn't.

二．功能及意义

1.表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常由下列副词修饰：ever曾经，never从不，already已经，yet还（未），（yet只用在否定句和疑问句中），just刚刚，recently，lately近来，so far 迄今为止= until now, up to now，before 以前

例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？

I have never heard of such a man.我从没有听说过那个人。

We have just had lunch 我们刚刚吃过午饭

I have already returned your money.我已经把钱还给你了。

I haven't found my book yet. （否）我还没有找到笔记本

Have you done your homework yet?（疑）你做作业了吗？

Have you heard from him recently ? 你最近收到他的来信了吗？

So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.迄今为止还没有人犯错误

I have never traveled by plane before .我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过

2 表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与下列时间状语连用：

→for + 一段时间

I have learned English for 8 years

→since + 过去的一个时间点

I have learned English since 2001

→since + 一段时间+ ago

I have learned English since 8 years ago

→since + 时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句

I have learned English since I was 5 years old

→ in the past/last +时间段

We have had two English exams in the past two months近两个月来我们进行了2次英语考试

Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years 近十年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。

三延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法

①现在完成时中，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。

我离开这所学校已经八年了。

误：I have left this school for eight years（×）

他借用我的词典已经两天了

误：He has borrowed my dictionary for two days（×）

②非延续动词与一段时间连用时，可做相应转化

因此①中例句正确形式分别为

我离开这所学校已经八年了。

正：I have been away from this school for eight years（√）

他借用我的词典已经两天了

正：He has kept my dictionary for two days（√）

其它非延续性动词与时间段连用时的变形

buy→have borrow→ keep,

fall asleep →be asleep leave →be away

begin →be on die →be dead,

join→ be in或be a member of return→ be back

创作编号：BG7531400019813488897SX

创作者：别如克*

come/arrive→ be in get up →be up,

marry →be married catch a cold→ have a cold

③在否定句中短暂性动词可与段时间连用

I haven't gone to see him for several months（我已经好几个月没有去看他了）I haven't bought anything for two months

四区分

①have been to +地点; 表示去过某个地方（已经回来），常与ever, never ,几次，等连用

②have gone to +地点: 表示到地方去了（还没回来）

③have been in+地点：表示到了某个地方（多久了），常与for + 段时间连用

比较：He has been to China twice(曾经去过,现在不在中国）

He has gone to China 他到中国去了.（他可能已在去中国的路上，或已到中国，总之，现在不在这里）

He has been in China for two years(他到中国已经两年了）

五对完成时的提问用how long.....? 不能用when... ?

六现在完成时常用句型

1 It is the first/second time....that....结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时

It is the first time that I have visited the city

这是我第一次参观这座城市

It is the third time that the boy has been late

这是这个男生第三次迟到了

2 This is the... that.. 结构，that 从句要用现在完成时

This is the best film that I 've (ever) seen

这是我看过的最好的电影

This is the first time that I've heard him sing

这是我第一次听他唱歌

3 It is / It has been + 时间段+ since ...

It has been/ It's 5 years since we last met.

自从上一次我们相遇到现在已经是五年了

It's / It has been 3 months since the man died 那人死去3个月了

4 一段时间+ 完成时结构+ since 引导的时间状语从句

Two years has passed since I came here.

七现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1998 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用

I have seen the film 我看过这部电影（我了解这部电影的内容）

I saw the film last week 我上周看了这部电影（只说明shangxingqi