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2019考研英语二真题及答案完整版

2019考研英语二真题及答案完整版

2019考研英语二真题及答案完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significantweight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from beinggenerally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m e xperiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides[B]Therefore[C]Otherwise[D]However2.[A]helps[B]cares[C]warns[D]reduces3.[A]initially[B]solely[C]occasionally[D]formally4.[A]recording[B]lowering[C]explaining[D]accepting5.[A]modify[B]set[C]review[D]reach6.[A]definition[B]depiction[C]distribution[D]prediction7.[A]due to[B]regardless of[C]aside from[D]along with8.[A]orderly[B]rigid[C]precise[D]immediate9.[A]claims[B]judgments[C]reasons[D]methods10.[A]instead[B]though[C]again[D]indeed11.[A]track[B]overlook[C] conceal[D]report12.[A]depend on[B]approve of[C]hold onto[D]account for13.[A]share[B]adjust[C]confirm[D] prepare14.[A]results[B]features[C]rules[D]tests15.[A]bored[B]anxious[C]hungry[D]sick16.[A]principle[B]secret[C]belief[D]sign17.[A]request[B]necessity[C]decision[D]wish18.[A]disappointing[B]surprising[C]restricting[D]consuming19.[A]if because[B]unless[C]until[D]consuming20.[A]obsessing[B]dominating[C]puzzling[D]triumphing1-20参考答案及解析：1. [答案] 【D】 However[解析] 此处是逻辑关系考点。

2017年考研英语二真题和解析详细

2017年考研英语二真题和解析详细

WORD格式可编辑2016考研英语二真题及详细解析Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more cre ative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that hap piness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems pl ausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D]reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out1. [标准答案] [C]how[考点分析] 连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。

2017年考研英语(二)真题

2017年考研英语(二)真题

2017年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again1that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2.：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one4by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives5，people will simply become lazy and depressed.6，today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for7Americans.Also，some research suggests that the8for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the13of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could14strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today，the15of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，”says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively16for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel18，”Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself19a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for20matters.1.[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring2.[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty3.[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction4.[A]characterized[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured5.[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom6.[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless7.[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated8.[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute9.[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among10.[A]leave behind[B]make up[C]worry about[D]set aside11.[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically12.[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles13.[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course14.[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield15.[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship16.[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce17.[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats18.[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved19.[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into20.[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40points）Text1Every Saturday morning,at9am,more than50,000runners set off to run5km around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired400events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents;their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record13minutes48seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic"legacy"is failing.Ten years ago on Monday,it was announced that the Games of the30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly2million in the run－up to2012－but the general population was growing faster.Worse,the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London2012failed to"inspire a generation."The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock.The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots",concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1,Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularity B．created many jobsC．strengthened community ties D．become an official festival22.The author believes that London's Olympic"legacy"has failed to_____.A．boost population growth B．promote sport participationC．improve the city's image D．increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talents B．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitism D．does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport,the author holds that governments should_____. A．organize"grassroots"sports events B．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubs D．invest in public sports facilities25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____.A．Tolerant B．Critical C．Uncertain D．sympatheticText2With so much focus on children’s use of screens,it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,"and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testingexercise.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started20percent fewer verbal and39percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention."Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,"says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids'use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children:“It’s based on a somewhat fantasized,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to30,000words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents, he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky,digital products are designed to______.A．simplify routine matters B．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relations D．increase work efficiency27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’use of devices______.A．takes away babies’appetite B．distracts children’s attentionC．slows down babies’verbal development D．reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the“still face experiment”to show that_______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies B．teach their kids at least30,000words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their children D．remain concerned about kid's use of screens30.According to Tronick,kid’s use of screens may_______.A．give their parents some free time B．make their parents more creativeC．help them with their homework D．help them become more attentiveText3Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all,if everyone you know is going to college in the fall,it seems silly to stay back a year,doesn't it?And after going to school for12years,it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true,it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated“race to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact,it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence,new responsibilities and environmental changes－all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,then consider its financial impacton future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics,nearly80percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once.This isn’t surprising,considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications,but switching to another after taking college classes.It’s not necessarily a bad thing,but depending on the school,it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College,for example,you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.A．they think it academically misleading B．they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC．it feels strange to do differently from others D．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.A．keep students from being unrealistic B．lower risks in choosing careersC．ease freshmen’s financial burdens D．relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word“acclimation”（Line8,Para.3）is closest in meaning to_____.A．Adaptation B．applicationC．Motivation D．competition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.A．avoid academic failures B．establish long-term goalsC．switch to another college D．decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be_____.A．In Favor of the Gap Year B．The ABCs of the Gap YearC．The Gap Year Comes Back D．The Gap Year:A DilemmaText4Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts20years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep －that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in2015they_____.A．exhausted unprecedented management efforts B．consumed a record-high percentage of budget C．severely damaged the ecology of western states D．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37.Moritz calls for the use of"a magnifying glass"to_____.A．raise more funds for fire-prone areas B．avoid the redirection of federal moneyC．find wildfire-free parts of the landscape D．guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element,Moritz notes that_____.A．public debates have not settled yet B．fire-fighting conditions are improvingC．other factors should not be overlooked D．a shift in the view of fire has taken place39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to_____.A．discover the fundamental makeup of nature B．explore the mechanism of the human systems C．maximize the role of landscape in human life D．understand the interrelations of man and nature40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should_____.A．do away with B．come to terms withC．pay a price for D．keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain,particularly from Donald Trump."We don't make anything anymore,"he told Fox News,while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question,manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country,factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge:instead of having too many workers,they may end up with too few.Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every lennials may not be that interested in taking their place,other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners,it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages."They're harder to find and they have job offers,"says Jay Dunwell,president of Wolverine Coil Spring,a family-owned firm,"They may be coming[into the workforce],but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,"Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing,a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly200workers,five are retiring this year.Mr.Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program,with a starting wage of$13an hour that rises to$17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant,young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors.It's his first week on the job.Asked about his choice of career,he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering."I love working with tools.I love creating."he says.But to win over these young workers,manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle:parents,who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression,telling them to avoid the lennials"remember their father and mother both were laid off.They blame it on the manufacturing recession,"says Birgit Klohs,chief executive of The Right Place,a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced:Employment in manufacturing has fallen from17million in1970to12million in 2013.When the recovery began,worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades.Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,"says Rob Spohr,a business professor at Montcalm Community College."There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill.It's that gap in between,and that's where the problem is."Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing:a work/life balance.While their parents were content to work long hours,young people value flexibility."Overtime is not attractive to this generation.They really want to live their lives,"she says.41。

张剑黄皮书2010-2019年考研英语二真题词汇整理 by晴喵

张剑黄皮书2010-2019年考研英语二真题词汇整理 by晴喵

2019第一部分：知识运用完形填空stay aware of 保持……的意识；随时留意……fluctuation n. 起伏，波动as for 至于，关于shift from 从……转移generally healthy 整体健康physically active 精力富足；身体活跃scale n. 天平；秤overall fitness 整体健康状况gain weight 体重增加muscle mass 肌肉重量alter v. 改变，更改conflict with 冲突；与……抵触accurate a. 精确的hard work 努力锻炼gym n. 健身房observe v. 观察inch n. 英寸；（身体）尺寸switch to 切换到；转变成bimonthly a. 两月一次的；一月两次的schedule n. 计划表，进度表，日程表significant a. 相当数量的；影响显著的；重要的weigh-in n. 称体重nutrition n. 营养（作用）；滋养intensity n. 强度；强烈constantly ad. 持续不断地；经常地caloric a. 热量的intake n. （食物、饮料等的）摄入量，摄取量do/work wonders 创造奇迹/取得惊人成效overall a. 总的，全部的fitness n. 健壮，健康zeal n. 热情，热忱work out 锻炼burden n. 重担，负担rather than 而不是focus n. 焦点；（注意力的）集中点，中心点第二部分：阅读理解A. 传统阅读Text 1【词汇注释】emerge v. 出现；显露grasp n. 理解，领会norms n. 规范，行为标准appease v. 安抚，抚慰conscience n. 道德心；良心equivalent n. 相等的东西revival n. 复苏，复兴binary a. 二进制的；二元的advantageous a. 有利的，有好处的equivalent n. 相等的东西revival n. 复苏，复兴binary a. 二进制的；二元的advantageous a. 有利的，有好处的destructive a. 破坏性的，引起破坏的prompt v. 促使，导致species n. 物种glue n. 胶水，胶compensate v. 补偿，弥补deficiency n. 缺乏；缺陷represent v. 代表pathway n. 路径，途径shortfall n. 不足，差额impulse n. 冲动assessment n. 评价，看法rate v. 评估，评价transgression n. 越轨，违背道德anonymous a. 名字不公开的，匿名的inclined a. 有……的倾向prone a. 有做……倾向的，易于遭受……的deprivation n. 匮乏，缺少prosocial a. 亲社会的，忠实于既定社会道德准则的【经典搭配】in conjunction with 与……一起，连同in the right amount 适量的in the popular imagination 在大众眼中bad rap 口碑差，无理指责alert sb. to sth. 使认识到，使意识到make up for 弥补，补偿hold... together 使保持团结rein in 严格控制，抑制vice versa 反之亦然substitute for 替代，取代turn on sth. 依靠，取决于Text 2【词汇注释】climate change 气候变化carbon dioxide 二氧化碳hasten v. 加速emit v. 发出；散发absorb v. 吸收trap n. 陷阱；困境involve v. 包含，需要；牵涉subtle a. 微妙的；机智的flourish v. 繁荣，兴旺carbon sink 碳汇capacity n. 能力；容量effort n. 有组织的活动young tree 幼树brush n. 灌木丛地带；矮树丛temporarily ad. 临时地，临时draw v. 获取；吸取moisture n. 水分thrive v. 茁壮成长restore v. 恢复；修复landscape n. 自然景色render v. 致使burnable a. 可燃的；易燃的consume v. 耗尽，毁灭urgent a. 紧急的；急迫的drought n. 干旱wildfire n. 野火acre n. 英亩proceed n. 收入，获利emissions-permit 排放许可证auction n. 拍卖prioritize v. 优先处理；优先考虑woody a. 木质的lumber n. 木材biofuel n. 生物燃料fossil fuel 矿物燃料，化石燃料wildlife n. 野生动植物watershed n. 流域recreation n. 重现；重建store v. 贮藏，储存finalize v. 把最后定下来；定案governor n. 地方长官；州长【经典搭配】in the light against 与……的斗争/战斗even as 正当，恰好在……的时候count on 指望；依靠soak up 吸收a good share of 许多，大量leave sb. with sth. 将……留给某人a way out 摆脱困难的方法strike a balance 达成平衡lead the way 带路，示范figure out 想出；弄明白；解决double efforts 加倍努力thin out 一份；份额pull from 分离；取出fend off 避开；挡住in the event of sth. 如果某事发生，万一be financed from 从……中获得资金in all 总共，合计at risk of 处于……的风险之中lock away 把……锁起妥藏run on 用……驱动under way 在进行中be accustomed to 习惯于……come to 开始……；逐渐……Text 3【词汇注释】overhaul n. （制度或方法的）彻底改革obstruct v. 阻碍，阻挠straightforward a. 简单的，不复杂的loser n. 损失者，受害者undocumented a. 非法的，无证的characteristic n. 特征predominantly ad. 主要地cure n. 对策，措施implausible a. 似乎不合情理的mechanization n. 机械化soybean n. 大豆strawberry n. 草莓dairy a. 生产乳品的automated a. 自动化的temporary a. 暂时的，临时的sharply ad. 急剧地，突然大幅度地issue v. （正式）发出numerical a. 数字的cap n. 最高限度cumbersome a. 缓慢复杂的bureaucratic a. 官僚的，官僚主义的compound v. 加剧raid n. 突击搜查raisin n. 葡萄干berry n. 浆果，莓operation n. 业务share n. （分担的）一部分【经典搭配】labor shortage 劳动力短缺oft-debated 备受争议的all along 自始至终，一直high-value 高价值的labor-intensive 劳动密集型的guest worker （尤指来自穷国的）外籍务工者fill the gaps 填补空缺in effect 实际上Text 4【词汇注释】star v. 担任主角，主演single-use a. 一次性的staple n. 日常必需品straw n. 吸管cutlery n. 餐具combat v. 与……战斗，与……斗争enact v. 通过（法律），将……制定成法律legislation n. 法律，法规curb v. 控制，抑制overarching a. 首要的；中心的concern n. 忧虑，担心detrimental a. 有害的，不利的bold a. 果敢的，无畏的allay v. 消除或减轻（恐惧/担忧等）ignore v. 忽视，置之不理imply v. 暗示，暗指sustainably ad. 可持续地acknowledge v. 承认（事实或情况）priority n. 优先考虑、处理的事，当务之急collectively ad. 集体地，共同地implement v. 贯彻，执行problematic a. 难对付的，成问题的ban v. 禁止，取缔altogether ad. 完全地eliminate v. 消灭，根除incentive-based a. 激励性的recycling n. 再利用，回收利用trash n. 废物，垃圾disposal n. 丢弃，清除primary a. 首要的，主要的perspective n. 合理判断，正确认识progressive a. 进步的，先进的shape v. 塑造alongside prep. 与……一起/同时engaged a. 被卷入的，参与的【经典搭配】a bunch of 大量的swap out 将……替换掉put together 整理；汇总be directed at sb./sth. 对准……，针对……grocery store 食品杂货店do one's bit 尽本分moral licensing 道德许可效应（指人们在做出积极正面的事之后，往往会放纵自己、降低对自己的道德要求）in charge 主管的，负责的hold sb. to account 追究……的责任push for sth. 努力争取……，一再要求……write off 认为……不重要，忽视rein in 控制B. 新题型【词汇注释】housing n. 住房poll n. 民意调查，民意测验buck v. 反抗，抵抗proclivity n. （尤指坏的）倾向，嗜好realty n. 房地产（real estate）agent n. 经纪人，代理人involve v. 使参与ownership n. 所有权overwhelming a. 令人不知所措的remove v. 移走，搬走current a. 现时的，当前的broker n. 经纪人，掮客associate n. 生意伙伴，合伙人convince v. 使信服proximity n. （时间或距离的）接近，临近attorney n. 律师ruin v. 毁掉，毁坏solely ad. 唯一地，仅仅issue n. 问题；要点shelter n. 住处，躲避处mindset n. 思维模式consequence n. 后果feature n. 特点，特色remind v. 使想起，提醒harsh a. 刺耳的，令人不快的contingent a. 取决于……customize v. 定做，定制relevant a. 有价值的，有意义的embrace v. 欣然接受，乐意接纳despite prep. 尽管，虽然remark v. 评论道，谈道（A项）note v. 特别提到，指出［僻义］（E项）assume v. 假定，假设，认为（G项）【经典搭配】weigh heavily on 对……有重大影响in the dark 全然不知，一无所知have mixed views 持有不同观点，看法不一cope with 处理，应付support system 支持体系（通常指有利于儿童成长的亲友师长及社交活动）in regards to 关于，至于place emphasis on sth. 重视，强调……tend to do sth. 往往会……get/ be stuck in sth. 陷入……not... but rather... 不是……而是……meet one's needs 满足某人的需求even as 正当……时housing crunch 住房紧张pose challenges to 对……造成挑战（A项）rather than 而不是（F项）第三部分：翻译【词汇注释】underestimate v. 低估readable a. 可读的，易读的imitate v. 模仿abundance n. 充裕，丰富polished a. 精致的，精彩的suffer v. 遭受，蒙受determined a. 意志坚定的【经典搭配】contrary to 与……相反have a go at 尝试the majority of 大部分，大多数along the way 一路上，沿途earn... the hard way 来之不易literary field 文学领域第四部分：写作A. 小作文【必备表达】debate topic 辩题express ones opinions/ ideas 发表观点traffic 交通状况infrastructure 基础设施relevant policy 相关政策competition n. 竞赛，比赛except for 除了……之外inadequate a. 不足的paralysis n. 瘫痪，停顿involve v. 包含，涉及argumentation n. 辩论；论证surround v. 与（某情况或事件）密切相关；围绕concerning prep. 关于，涉及【活用外刊】regarding＝concerning/ with regard to 关于B. 大作文bar chart 柱状图（条形图）graduate （尤指完成学士学位课程的）毕业生career path 职业道路survey 调查，统计get/ find/ land a job, join /enter the workforce 就业pursue further/ postgraduate study 升学，深造start/ set up a business 创业employment rate 就业率salary/ wage/ pay cheque 薪水postgraduate degree 研究生学位become self-employed 自主创业work-life balance 生活与工作平衡display v. 显示（信息），展露specifically ad. 具体来说；具体地，特定地whereas conj. 但是，却ascend v. 上升，升高witness v. 见证，证明shift n. 转变，改变financial stress 经济压力increasingly ad. 越来越多地，渐增地undertake v. 承担，接受professional n. 专业人士，专家threshold n. 门槛lower v. 减少，降低diverse a. 各种各样的，形形色色的option n. 选择advance/ move/ climb up the career ladder 攀登事业阶梯embark on/ upon 开始，着手（尤指新的、有难度的或令人激动的事）embark on the path/ road of... 走上……道路be not keen on more study 对继续深造不太感兴趣fresh-faced graduate 初出茅庐的大学毕业生entrepreneurial a. 企业家的，创业者的employment prospects 就业前景choose career 择业preference n. 喜好salary and benefits 薪酬待遇products and services 产品与服务post 80s/ 85s/ 90s 80后/85后/90后promotion n. 升职corporate culture 企业文化2018第一部分：知识运用完形填空painful a. 令人痛苦的；令人不快的inherent a. 内在的，固有的；生来就有的willingness n. 乐意；心甘情愿stimuli n. 刺激（物）（stimulus的复数）twist n. 意外转折shock n. 电击，触电electrified a. 带电的incur v. 招致；遭受；引起subsequent a. 随后的，继……之后的reproduce v. 使再次发生；再现fingernail n. 手指甲chalkboard n. 黑板drive n. 本能的需求，基本欲求shelter n. 栖身之处，住处；庇护所instinct n. 本能；直觉backfire v. 产生事与愿违的结果insight n. 洞悉；深刻见解profound a. 知识渊博的；理解深刻的follow through 进行到底；坚持完成ahead of time 提前，提早determine v. 查明；测定，确定endeavor n. 尝试，努力第二部分：阅读理解A. 传统阅读Text 1【词汇注释】justify v. 证明别人认为不合理的事有道理，为……辩护effort n. 努力，试图pioneering a. 开创性的，探索性的practical a. 实际的，动手的name v. 叫出，说出utterly ad. 完全地，十足地overwhelm v. 使不知所措graffiti v. 涂鸦，乱涂乱画insidious a. 暗中危害的prejudice n. 偏见inferiority n. 低等，劣等academically ad. 纯理论地，学术上地［与实践相对］evaporate v. 逐渐消逝headlong a. 轻率/仓促的subtle a. 微妙的devalue v. 贬低vanish v. 消失diversity n. 多样性，差异gift n. 天赋【经典搭配】It's curious that... 有些奇怪as through 好像，似乎give sb. a better future 给某人一个更好的未来accepted wisdom 传统信念，普遍看法mechanical memorization 机械记忆as sb. knows 正如某人所知stuck with sth. 粘住，无法摆脱assemble a bicycle 组装自行车working with hands 用双手工作，实践性劳动vocational education 职业教育make it （尤指在困难情况下）赶上；获得成功bachelor's degree 学士学位in other words 换句话说turn sth. on its head 使人完全改变思路be staring sb. in the face 非常清楚/容易看见（你却并未看见）be equipped to do sth. 能够胜任做某事wake-up call 叫醒电话，警示，警钟risk doing sth. 冒险做某事one-size-fits-all 一刀切Text 2【词汇注释】roughly ad. 粗略地，大致上renewable a. 可再生的，可恢复的momentum n. 势头commitment n. 承诺farsighted a. 有远见的plummeting a. 直线下降的，暴跌的principal a. 最重要的，主要的notably ad. 尤其是，特别地remarkable a. 显著的quick a. 聪明的，敏锐的，脑子反应快的put-down n. 贬损的话，奚落的话skeptic n. 持怀疑态度的人advance n. 进步，进展massive a. （尺寸、数量、规模）非常大的picture n. 情况，局面spike v. （数量或比率的）激增meaningful a. 有意义的，重要的【经典搭配】fossil fuel 化石燃料account for （数量、比例上）占go on line 在运转，在运行stem from 出自，来源于solar panel 太阳能电池板wind turbine 风力涡轮机take the lead 取得领先地位in part 在某种程度上place big bets on 在……上下大赌注be a rarity 极为罕见trend line 趋势线speed up 加速alternative energy 替代能源Text 3【词汇注释】upmarket a. 高级的，高端的acquire v. 购得，得到intricate a. 错综复杂的detailed a. 详尽的；精细的；细致的enormously ad. 极其，非常revealing a. 揭示内情的，泄密的makeup n. （小组或团队的）组成，构成plot v. 密谋，策划address v. （着手）解决，处理（问题）clumsy a. 笨拙、不灵活的；使用不便的remedy v. 纠正，改正；治疗，救治abuse n. 滥用conceptual a. 观念上的，概念上的virtual a. 实际上的；［计］虚拟的convert v. 使转变，转化；改装，改造farm v. 养殖；耕种；承包出去bug n. 昆虫，小虫子；缺陷aphid n. 蚜虫predatory a. 捕食性的，食肉的spammer n. 垃圾邮件发送者analogy n. 类推；类似；类比（35题）【经典搭配】digital economy 数字经济grocery chain 连锁杂货店physical product 实体产品link... to... 使挂钩，使联系起来go through 被认可，成交；通过party whip 党鞭，党组织秘书not so much..., but... 与其说，毋宁说interpret... with... 把……理解/解释为……to sb's disadvantage 对……不利for sb's benefit 为了某人的利益，为了帮助某人even if 即使，就算Text 4【词汇注释】combat v. 防止，减轻distracted a. 心烦意乱的，思想不集中的retreat n. 静修期间（或活动）ritual n. 程序，仪规；习惯journalistic a. 新闻工作（者）的seize v. 抓住，把握（机会、时机、主动等）immediate a. 当前的，迫切的（36题）scheduling n. 日程安排，排程interruption n. 打扰，打岔roughly ad. 大约，差不多prioritise v. 按重要性排列craft v. 精心制作well-structured a. 结构良好的，条理清晰的demotivate v. 使失去动力，使消极render v. 使变得；使处于某状态improvisation n. 即兴表演reap v. 收获，取得（成果）downtime n. 停工期，休息idleness n. 懒惰，空闲indulgence n. 沉溺，放纵vice n. 恶行，堕落psychiatry n. 精神病学circuit n. 电路，回路desirable a. 可取的，理想的（38题）【经典搭配】put/ place/ set a premium on sb./sth. 重视，珍视be dedicated to sth. 献身于，专注于throughout the day 终日，整天stick to 坚持，忠于keep to 坚持；信守，固守（习惯等）（36题）to-do list 任务清单，待办事项清单make the most of 充分利用B. 新题型【词汇注释】compliment n. 赞扬，称赞（C项）skip v. 跳过，略过（F项）grocery n. 食品杂货店cab n. 出租车stuck a. 卡住的flow v. （说话或思考）流畅rut n. （生活或工作）刻板乏味，一成不变jolt n. 颠簸，震动，摇晃；一阵强烈的感情（尤指震惊或惊讶）multitask v. 同时做多件事情wholeheartedly ad. 全心全意地feel v. 留下印象，给……感觉awkward a. 令人尴尬的，令人难堪的investor n. 投资者；投入（时间等）的人【经典搭配】small talk 寒暄；闲谈（F项）security guard 保安人员make the first move （尤指为了结束争吵或建立关系而）迈出第一步，先采取行动come out （言语以某种方式）被说出get out 说出（难以启齿的事情）put on 假装有，装出……（尤为吸引注意力）fail to do sth. 失败，未能做到……be willing to do sth. 乐意做……，愿意做……make an effort 勉力想做某事in common 共用的，公有的；共同的all of a sudden 突然pour out 倾吐，倾诉，尽情地诉说eye contact 对视，目光接触第三部分：翻译grader n. ……年级学生tick v. 打勾；打对号astronaut n. 宇航员convinced a. 坚信的；深信的encyclopedia n. 百科全书institute v. 制定（政策等）；实行title n. （书刊的）一种，一本avenue n. 途径；手段第四部分：写作A. 小作文apologize v. 道歉cancel v. 取消appointment n. 约定reschedule v. 重新安排terribly ad. 非常necessitate v. 使……不可避免look forward to 期待unexpectedly ad. 出乎意料地substitute for 替代，顶替fall ill 生病attend v. 出席B. 大作文【必备表达】pie chart 饼状图account for 占……（比例）constitute 组成make up 构成take into account 考虑feature 特色service 服务environment 环境per capita 人均dine out 外出进餐illustrate v. 阐明distinguishing a. 有区别的proportion n. 部分respectively ad. 各自地disposable income 可支配收入primary concern 首要关心的问题predictably ad. 可预见地catering companies 餐饮企业prosperity n. 繁荣boom n. 繁荣兴旺economic recovery 经济复苏purchasing power 购买力service industry 服务行业enterprise image 企业形象advertisement campaign 广告宣传活动obtain news 获取新闻approach n. 途径mobile phone 手机laptop n. 笔记本电脑newspaper n. 报纸magazine n. 杂志【活用外刊】respectively ad. 分别地，各自地primary/ main/ major/ most/ important concern 首要关心的问题2017第一部分：知识运用完形填空speculate v. 推测capital n. 资本the masses 普通百姓struggle v. 奋斗；挣扎impoverished a. 穷困的wasteland n. 荒地，不毛之地mutually exclusive 互相排斥purposelessness n. 无目的Gallup poll 盖洛普民意调查mortality n. 死亡人数agonizing a. 痛苦难忍的dullness n. 沉闷，无聊follow from 是……的必然结果unease n. 不安vision n. 憧憬，想象design v. 设计end n. 目的strikingly ad. 显著地，引人注目地circumstance n. 情形overblow v. 夸张，过分渲染degrading a. 丧失体面的leisure time 空闲时间relatively ad. 相对地，比较地counterbalance v. 使平衡，抵消intellectual a. 智力的hobby n. 业余爱好passion n. 强烈的爱好，热爱第二部分：阅读理解A. 传统阅读Text 1【词汇注释】inspire v. 激发，引起event n. 体育比赛，体育活动staff v. 为……配备工作人员，在……工作time n. 所用的时间，成绩pledge v. 发誓，保证legacy n. 遗产lever v. （用杠杆）撬动couch n. 沙发fit a. 健壮的，强健的obesity n. 肥胖症retrospection n. 回想，反思ethos n. 精神特质，理念shine v. 干得出色，出类拔萃bidder n. 投标人dual a. 双重的intimidating a. 令人胆怯的grassroots n. ［pl.］基层民众，草根successive a. 连续的decline v. 拒绝wordy a. 冗长的，啰嗦的worthy a. 有价值的，值得尊敬的【经典搭配】set off 出发，启程range from... to... 包括从……到……in the run-up to sth. 重要事件的前夕as to sth. 关于fail to do sth. 未能完成某事time trial 计时赛puffed-out 气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的first-timer 初次做某事者Olympic bidder 奥运申办者stress on A over B 强调A胜过B，把A看得高于Bget involved in sth. 参与，卷入common goods 公共产品，公共资源make sure 确保preside over 主持，掌管……at least 至少，起码Text 2【词汇注释】screen n. 屏幕（文中指代数字产品）maximal a. 最大的，最高的engagement n. 参与度disengage v. 脱离，不再感兴趣bleed-over n. 渗透，渗开tablet n. 平板电脑exercise n. 活动，任务verbal a. 文字的，言语的interaction n. 交流；相互作用tension n. 紧张关系，紧张状况bid n. 努力，企图，争取blank a. 没表情的，不感兴趣的unresponsive a. 反应迟钝的disconcerting a. 使人不安的distressed a. 痛苦的，悲伤的，苦恼的exquisitely ad. 精致地，近乎完美地present a. 在场的，存在的sensitive a. 体恤的，善解人意的oppressive a. 压制的，令人焦虑的fantasized a. 想象的，幻想的available a. 有空的，有暇的attentive a. 专心的，留意的（30题）【经典搭配】be designed to 为……而设计，目的是……suck sb. in 把某人卷入（某事），吸引某人be wired to do 天生，自然就会be absorbed in 全神贯注于……，专注于……put on a... expression 做出/装出某一表情capture one's attention 吸引某人的注意力be born out of 因……而产生expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触/体验某事物get a lot out of sth. 从……中获益良多get sth. out of the way 把某事处理完Text 3【词汇注释】conjunction n. （引起某种结果的事物等的）结合，同时发生overlook v. 忽略，未注意到gap year 间隔年（指中学毕业之后上大学之前所休的一年假期，常用于实习或旅游）fall n. 秋天academic a. 学业的，教学的，学术的（尤指与学校教育有关）condemn v. 谴责perpetuate v. 使永久化，使持续finish line (finishing line) （体育比赛跑道的）终点线graduate school 研究生院medical school (med school) 医学院lucrative a. 赚大钱的，获利多的misconception n. 错误认识，误解hinder v. 阻碍，妨碍，阻挡pursuit n. 事业，消遣，爱好enhance v. 提高，增强，增进lessen v. 减弱，减轻brand new 全新的，崭新的acclimation n. 适应blunder n. 愚蠢（或粗心的）错误inherent a. 固有的，内在的major n. 主修课程，专业课mandatory a. 强制的，法定的，义务的curriculum n. 全部课程await v. 将发生在，将降临到switch v. （尤指突然彻底的）改变costly a. 昂贵的credit n. 学分after prep. 鉴于，由于game n. 活动，行业nursing n. 护理department n. 系【经典搭配】pull back 把……向后拉，使后退push ahead 促进，推进struggle with 与……斗争、抗争lesson/ soften/ cushion the blow 缓解，缓和throw into 使突然陷入某种状态be convinced of 确信，认识到take sth. off 休假，休息make up 补上（失去的东西）；补修（某课程）figure out 弄懂，弄清楚，弄明白Text 4【词汇注释】wildfire n. 不易扑灭的大火，野火；大火灾specialist n. 专家ecology n. 生态，生态学budget n. 预算fund n. 基金，专款conservation n. 保护watershed n. （森林地带的）集水区infrastructure n. 基础设施upkeep n. 保养，维修nationwide a. 全国范围的，全国性的prone a. 易于发生某事的；很可能……的put v. 说，表达expenditure n. 开支，支出magnify v. 放大redirect v. 使改变用途，重新使用concentrate v. 使集中于，使汇聚于hazard n. 危险，隐患landscape n. 地形，地貌corresponding a. 相应的，由此引起的shift n. （想法、做法等的）转变，改变inclusive a. 包容广阔的，范围广的worsen v. （使）变得更差，（使）恶化equation n. 影响因素，综合体interaction n. 相互作用，相互影响simplified a. 简化的perception n. 认识，观念，看法unleash v. 发泄，突然释放，使爆发necessity n. 必然，必要acknowledge v. 承认inevitable a. 必然发生的，难以避免的presence n. 存在，出现disconnect v. 使分离，使脱离tease v. 梳理【经典搭配】be viewed as 被视为……，被看作……in effect 事实上，实际上forest conservation 森林保护infrastructure upkeep 基础设施养护public expenditure 公共支出magnifying glass 放大镜climate change 气候变化greenhouse gases 温室气体key element 关键要素at the expense of 以……为代价treat as 把……视为out of necessity 出于必要disconnect... from... 使……脱离tease out 梳理，疏通B. 新题型【词汇注释】manufacturing n. 制造业refrain n. 老调，一再重复的话line n. （货物的）种，类outsourcing n. 外包replace v. 以……替换、更换boomer n. 婴儿潮一代，（尤指1947-1961年间）生育高峰期出生的人Millennial n. 千禧一代，20世纪的最后一个世代stiff a. 激烈的，严厉的wage n. 工资workforce n. （国家、地区、行业或公司）劳动力pluck v. 拖，拉，扯junior n. （高中或四年制大学的）三年级学生enroll v. 招（生），吸收（成员）worktable n. 工作台flustered a. 紧张的，慌乱的，激动的assemble v. 装配，组装recession n. （经济）衰退，萧条concern n. 忧虑，担心misplaced a. （把感情等）寄托于不当对象上的shortage n. 短缺trade n. 行业，职业gap n. 缺口fill v. 担任，充任lure v. 吸引content a. 满足的，甘愿的flexibility n. 灵活性overtime n. 加班时间，额外工作时间【经典搭配】take a hit 遭到打击，被击中trade deal 贸易协定raise question 提出/提起……的问题grapple with 尽力解决（某困难问题）end up with 最终处于……trade competition 贸易竞争take sb's place 代替，取代add up to 引发get exposed to 接触，体验electrical transformer 电力变压器welding equipment 焊接设备keep an eye on 密切注意community-college student 社区学院学生work-placement program 实习项目transformer plant 变压器厂房，变电所copper coil 铜线圈medical school 医学院switch to 转变，改变electrical engineering 电气工程win over 把（某人）争取过来clear a hurdle 成功克服困难live through 经历（艰难或险境）economic downturn 经济衰退the Great Depression 大萧条be laid off 被辞退blame sth. on 把……归咎于chief executive 总裁，总经理business development agency 商务发展代理公司appear at （尤指突然）出现，呈现in between 在……中间，介乎两者之间work/ life balance 工作-生活平衡live a life 过……生活第三部分：翻译【词汇注释】take v. 攻读，修（某一课程）sewing n. 缝纫personality n. 有突出个性的人apply v. 申请promotion n. 推广【经典搭配】graduate from 从……毕业secondary school 中学move on to sth./ doing sth. 继续某事，接着做某事fashion design 时装设计compete with 与……竞争to be honest 说实话no/ not... at all 完全不，根本不第四部分：写作A. 小作文【必备表达】invitation n. 邀请presentation n. 讲座Chinese culture 中国文化Chinese martial arts 中国武术component n. 组成部分focus on... 集中于……，以……为重点furthermore ad. 此外graphic a. 图画的visual a. 视觉的impressive a. 给人印象深刻的【活用外刊】to begin with＝firstly＝first of all 首先look forward to... 盼望、期待某事B. 大作文【必备表达】annual growth 年度增长a constant/ consecutive/ continuous increase 持续增加line chart 折线图visit museums 参观博物馆cultural infrastructure/ facilities 文化基础设施public cultural undertaking 公共文化事业slowdown n. 减速dynamic momentum 强劲增长的势头be attributed to... 归因于……endeavor n. 努力numerous a. 许多的，大量的underpin v. 构成……的基础spiritual nutrition 精神食粮，精神营养address v. 处理，设法解决supply deficiency 供应不足，供不应求decelerated growth 增长放缓increasingly diverse need 日益多样化的需求efficiency n. 效率，利用率mobile and digital technology 移动数字技术interactive a. 人机交互的，互动的constitute v. 构成people's well-being 人民福祉civilization n. 文明bright/ promising a. 光明的cultural exchange/ contact 文化交流community/ grassroots culture 社区/草根文化cultural troupe 文化团体scale n. 规模input v./n. 投入rejuvenation/ renaissance n. 复兴reinforce/ facilitate/ empower v. 巩固、促进steadily step up 稳定增长scale up/ down 大规模增加/减少yield good results 取得良好的成效e-learning n. 在线学习model n. 模式customer n. 用户scale n. 规模the proportion of 所含比例use/ employ v. 使用【活用外刊】underpin social progress 从底部支持或巩固、作为社会进步的基础address v. 对付、解决（某一问题）2016第一部分：知识运用完形填空productive a. 多产的、富饶的take risk 冒险locate v. 把……设置/建造在inclination n. 意向、倾向compare... with... 将……和……相互比较polling n. 民意测验publicly traded firms 公开交易的公司、上市公司sure enough 果然、果真（如此）intensity n. 强度、力度correlate v. 使相互关联control for 考虑（某种因素）indicators n. 指示物，指标accounting for 作出解释，作出说明codified a. 将（法律、条例、事实等）编辑成典的（文中引申为“刻板的、固守成规的”）sentiment n. 情感、情绪relatively ad. 比较而言地，相对地take a longer-term view 采取更加长远的眼光、把眼光放长远plausible a. 有道理的、可信的forward-thinking a. 前瞻的、有远见的第二部分：阅读理解A. 传统阅读Text 1coding n. 编码，编程essential a. 必不可少的catch up 赶上，追上introductory a. 入门的，初步的course n. 课程assistant dean （学院）副院长exposure n. 接触，体验（新事物）beneficial a. 有利的，有用的confusing a. 令人困惑的，难懂的string n. 一连串，一系列artwork n. 艺术作品hypothesis n. 假设，假说transform v. 转换，（彻底）改变break down 拆分bite-sized a. 很小的chunk n. 大块jobs gap 职位空缺pack v. 塞满，挤满brim n. 口，边沿determined a. 有决心的，意志坚定的drive... away 赶跑，使离去start v. 开办，创办bootcamp n. 训练营curriculum n. 课程gear v. 使与……相适应；使适合于instructor n. 讲师be based on 根据……drop out 退学，辍学turnover n. 倾覆、翻转relevant a. 紧密相关的；切题的consultant n. 顾问sole a. 唯一的，仅有的coax v. 劝诱，哄劝Text 2【词汇注释】estimate v. 估计，估算prairie n. （北美洲）大草原stretch v. 延伸、绵延occupy v. 占据，居住range n. 生长区，分布区crash n. 暴跌，猛跌desperate a. 危急的，严峻的environmentalist n. 环保人士designate v. 指定，认定（~ sth. as sth.）endangered a. 濒临灭绝的tag n. 标签，标志flexibility n. 灵活性confrontational a. 对抗性的，挑起冲突的conservation n. 保护approach n. 方法，方式forge v. 形成，缔造（尤指与他人、团体或国家形成牢固的关系）collaboration n. 合作，协作uneasy a. 不和谐的，不协调的，矛盾的habitat n. （动植物的）生活环境，栖息地prosecute v. 起诉，控告，检举unintentionally ad. 非故意地restore v. 恢复，复原acre n. 英亩（相当于0.405公顷）compensate v. 弥补，补偿interim a. 临时的，暂时的，过渡期间的coalition n. 联盟，联合体monitor v. 监控，监督rhetoric n. 华而不实的言语，花言巧语block v. 阻止，妨碍，阻挠challenge v. 质疑（或怀疑）；拒绝接受extinction n. 灭绝，绝种【经典搭配】as many as 多达，像……一样多lend sth. to sth. 给……增加，增添（某种特色或特性）regulatory power 监督权力crack down on 严厉打击，镇压try out 试，试验call for 要求，呼吁replace A with B 以A替代Bset aside 留出，省出set a goal 制定目标in the driver's seat 处于控制地位、主导地位win-win rhetoric 双赢说辞go too far 走得太远，做得过分Text 3【词汇注释】clichén. 陈词滥调，老生常谈mournfully ad. 悲哀地，凄惨地thorny a. 棘手的odd a. 少量的，微小的；零散的flywheel n. 飞轮，惯性轮spin v. 旋转，转动exhausted a. 精疲力竭的overwhelmingly ad. 势不可挡地incline v. 使倾向于（某种行动或观点）interrupt v. 打断merely ad. 仅仅maximise v. 充分利用approach v. 对待，处理instrumentally ad. 起作用地，有帮助地advance v. 促进，推动immersive a. 沉浸式的fulfilling a. 让人感到满足的infinite a. 无限的；极多的conveyor belt 传送带mind-set 思想倾向schedule v. 安排，计划regular a. 定期的；固定的fuel v. 刺激；使加剧ritualistic a. 仪式的；例行的soul n. 灵魂distraction n. 使人分心的事物providing conj. 以……为条件；如果dip v. 浸，蘸default a. 默认的temporarily ad. 暂时地，临时地surface v. 浮出水面；现身【经典搭配】free up 腾出；使……可用by contrast 相比之下slot in 安置，安排to-do list 任务清单no longer 不再Text 4【词汇注释】backdrop n. 背景poll n. 民意调查，民意测验prize v. 珍视，高度重视milestone n. 重大事件，里程碑constitute v. 构成fulfilling a. 令人满意的strikingly ad. 惹人注目地；醒目地start v. 开始生活，开始立业prioritize v. 按优先顺序列出；确定（事项、问题等）的优先顺序；优先考虑（处理）advance v. 前进，推进；（使）进展maintain v. 主张；坚持认为serve v. 为……提供服务；满足……的需要contrast n. 差别，差异aftermath n. （战争、风暴、事故的）后果，余波searing a. 炽热的，灼热的；灼痛的，剧痛的the Great Recession 大衰退define v. 给……下定义，解释；界定，说明virtually ad. 实际上，几乎，差不多converge v. （观点、目标）趋同overwhelming a. 巨大的，压倒性的somewhat ad. 有点儿，有几分optimistic a. 乐观的，乐观主义的prospect n. 可能性；机会；希望；前景climb n. （社会地位）上升；（职务）晋升；提高（地位）signpost n. 路标；标志物secure v. （尤指经过努力）获得，取得，实现technician n. 技师，技术人员struggle v. 奋斗，拼搏，作出极大的努力steadily ad. 稳定地，稳固地mortgage n. 抵押贷款，按揭【经典搭配】against a backdrop of 在……背景下population structure 人口结构draw a road map to success 绘制一幅成功路线图generational line 代际线finish line 终点线personal fulfillment 个人满足感pace of life 生活节奏financially secure 有经济保障spread through 蔓延到consumer preference 消费者偏好housing pattern 居住模式B. 新题型【词汇注释】mixed a. 混杂的therapy n. 治疗，疗法wellbeing n. 幸福instinctively ad. 本能地manageable a. 易控制的，易管理的dictate v. 影响，决定，支配suppress v. 抑制（感情）acknowledge v. 承认fiver n. 五元美钞overjoyed a. 极为高兴的，十分开心的indulge v. 沉溺于，沉湎于，纵情于giggle v. 傻笑endorphin n. 内啡肽infection n. 传染病mortgage n. 按揭diary n. 工作日程登记表schedule v. 安排，计划random a. 随意的spree n. 作乐，狂欢（尤指花钱或喝酒）backfire v. 产生事与愿违的结果byproduct n. 意外收获，附带的结果【经典搭配】have/ get sth. down to an art/ a fine art ＝do sth. very well 把某事做得很出色/精巧for the most part 多半，在很大程度上take sth. too far 将某事做得太过end up doing 最终处于……。

【考研】2017 年考研英语二真题(精编)

【考研】2017 年考研英语二真题(精编)

1. [A] boasting [B] denying[C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality[B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy[B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized[B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom[B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead[B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated2017 年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections ：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different ， with academics ， writers ， and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital ， and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort ， one 4 by purposelessness ：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ， people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression ， double the rate for 7 Americans. Also ， some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality ， mental-health problems ， and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without workwould be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work ， a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today ， the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring ， degrading ， unhealthy ， and a waste of human potential ，” says JohnDanaher ， a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days ， because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers ， people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day ’s work ，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says ，adding ，“In a world in which I don ’t have to work ， I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D]interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad wouldbe in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run －up to 2012 －but the generalpopulation was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providingcommon goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pavetennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has . A．gained great popularity B．created many jobs C．strengthened community ties D．become an official festival22.The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to . A．boost population growthB．promote sport participation C．improve the city's image D．increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it . A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass competition C．does not emphasize elitism D．does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should . A．organize "grassroots" sports eventsB．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubs D．invest in public sports facilities 25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .A．tolerantB．critical C．uncertain D．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tec h is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device －i tcan be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because achild isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly ifit gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to . A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attention C．better interpersonal relations D．increase work efficiency27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices .A．takes away babies’ appetiteB．distracts children’s attentionC．slows down babies’ verbal development D．reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that . A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange C．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood D．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to . A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year C．ensure constantinteraction with their children D．remain concerned about kid's use of screens 29.【答案】C【解析】本题目为具体细节题。

【考研】2017 年考研英语二真题(精品)

【考研】2017 年考研英语二真题(精品)

1. [A] boasting [B] denying[C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality[B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy[B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized[B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom[B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead[B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated2017 年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections ：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different ， with academics ， writers ， and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital ， and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort ， one 4 by purposelessness ：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ， people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression ， double the rate for 7 Americans. Also ， some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality ， mental-health problems ， and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work ， a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today ， the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring ， degrading ， unhealthy ， and a waste of human potential ，” says JohnDanaher ， a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days ， because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers ， people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day ’s work ，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says ，adding ，“In a world in which I don ’t have to work ， I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D]interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Gameswould be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run －up to 2012 －but the generalpopulation was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers. Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providingcommon goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pavetennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has . A．gained great popularity B．created many jobs C．strengthened community ties D．become an official festival22.The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to . A．boost population growthB．promote sport participation C．improve the city's image D．increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it . A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass competition C．does not emphasize elitism D．does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .A．organize "grassroots" sports events B．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubs D．invest in public sports facilities25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is . A．tolerantB．critical C．uncertain D．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tec h is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device －itcan be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because achild isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly ifit gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have abreak from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to . A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attention C．better interpersonal relations D．increase work efficiency27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices .A．takes away babies’ appetiteB．distracts children’s attentionC．slows down babies’ verbal development D．reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that . A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange C．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood D．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to . A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year C．ensure constantinteraction with their children D．remain concerned about kid's use ofscreens 29.【答案】C【解析】本题目为具体细节题。

张剑黄皮书历年考研英语真题解析及命题特点和规律

张剑黄皮书历年考研英语真题解析及命题特点和规律

第一部分英语知识运用部分命题的特点和规律一、英语知识运用部分总体分析2002年《大纲》将“完形填空”调整为“英语知识运用”之后明确规定：英语知识运用测试的要点是词汇、语法和结构。

英语知识运用采用多项选择完形填空(Multiple Choice Cloze Test)的形式来考查。

完形填空（Cloze）又称综合填空或短文填空，出现于20世纪50年代西方语言测试的实践中，1956年被应用于外语测试。

在我国用于英语测试则是从20世纪70年代开始的。

完形填空是用来测试考生的基础知识和语言运用能力的一种题型，对考生的语法结构、词义搭配和阅读理解能力进行综合考查（measuring overall ability）。

完形填空的设计和应用，是基于格式塔心理学（Gestalt Psychology）和心理语言学（Psycholinguistics）的理论：人们在感知、认知事物的时候，总是以整体信息为主的。

尽管有时获得的信息并不十分完整，但人们会下意识地将不完整的部分补全，构成一副完整的图画来认知。

举例来说，当我们看到图1和图2时，我们会自然地把它们分别看做是一个圆和一个三角形，而不是一段曲线和三个点。

图1 图2同样，在语言表达和理解的过程中，也需要理解信息的整体。

尽管其中有一些词或短语被抽去，但通过语段提供的冗余信息，人们仍然能够推知被抽去的信息，从而达到对文章的理解。

根据这一原理，命题人使用完形填空这一种题型——从一篇短文中删去一些信息，留出空格，由考生补全——来考查语言知识和语言综合运用的能力。

（一）英语知识运用部分命题的基本指导思想英语知识运用部分命题的指导思想是：通过完形填空的形式不仅考查考生对于不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和语法结构）的运用能力，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力。

这就意味着“英语知识运用”部分的试题由过去注重对单句语言点的考查向对语篇能力（discourse competence）的考查转移，这一考查重心的转移要求考生能够对不同语境中语言使用的规范性、得体性和篇章特征有较强的辨识能力。

2019年考研英语二真题及答案解析精选全文完整版

2019年考研英语二真题及答案解析精选全文完整版

精选全文完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt morethan it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active, to focusing 3 on the scale. That wasbad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, butthinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. Thatconflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of thehard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a monthto notice significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program.The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less importantfor me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observeand 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 mytraining program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well.If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experiencedaccording to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. [A]2. [A]3. [A]4. [A] Besideshelpsinitiallyrecording[B][B][B][B] Therefore caressolely lowering[C][C][C][C] Otherwisewarns occasionallyexplaining [D][D][D][D] However reducesformally accepting 5. [A] modify [B] set [C] review [D] reach 6. [A] definition [B] depiction[C] distribution [D] prediction 7. [A] due to [B] regardless of [C] aside from [D] along with 8. [A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate 9. [A] claims [B] judgments [C] reasons [D] methods 10. [A] instead [B] though [C] again [D] indeed 11. [A] track [B] overlook[C] conceal [D] report 12. [A] depend on [B] approve of [C] hold onto [D] account for 13. [A] share [B] adjust [C] confirm [D] prepare 14. [A] results [B] features [C] rules [D] tests 15. [A] bored [B] anxious [C] hungry [D] sick 16. [A] principle [B] secret [C] belief [D] sign 17. [A] request[B] necessity[C] decision[D] wish18.[A] disappointing [B] surprising [C] restricting [D] consuming19. [A] if [B] unless [C] until [D] because20. [A] obsessing [B] dominating [C] puzzling [D] triumphingPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”;rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends – and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable –it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary – feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news, ” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help .[A]regulate a child’s basic emotions[B]improve a child’s intellectual ability[C]foster a child’s moral development[D]intensify a child’s positive feelings22.According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be .[A]deceptive[B]burdensome[C]addictive[D]inexcusable23.Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that .[A]emotions are context-independent[B]emotions are socially constructive[C]emotional stability can benefit health24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing .[A]may help correct emotional deficiencies[B]can result from either sympathy or guilt[C]can bring about emotional satisfaction[D]may be the outcome of impulsive acts25.The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to .[A]teachings[B]discussions[C]restrictions[D]wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap – but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from theless easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35, 000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 – financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions. That’ s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26.By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that .[A]global climate change may get out of control[B]people may misunderstand global warming[C]extreme weather conditions may arise[D]forests may become a potential threat27.To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to .[A]preserve the diversity of species in them[B]accelerate the growth of young trees[D] lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28.California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to .[A]cultivate more drought-resistant trees[B]reduce the density of some of its forests[C]find more effective ways to kill insects[D]restore its forests quickly after wildfires29.What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?[A]To handle the areas in serious danger first.[B]To carry it out before the year of 2020.[C]To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.[D]To obtain enough financial support.30.The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as .[A]ambiguous[B]tolerant[C]supportive[D]cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’ s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer, either – not yet, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled. The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigrationraids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?[B]Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.[C]Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.[D]Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.32.One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is .[A]the rising number of illegal immigrants[B]the high mobility of crop workers[C]the lack of experienced laborers[D]the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?[A]To attract younger laborers to farm work.[B]To get native U.S. workers back to farming.[C]To use more robots to grow high-value crops.[D]To strengthen financial support for farmers.34.Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .[A]slow granting procedures[B]limit on duration of stay[C]tightened requirements[D]control of annual admissions35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?[B]Import Food or Labor?[C]America Saved by Mexico?[D]Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’ s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celeb rities starring in a new video for World Environment Day – encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions – a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers”we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority –or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment.It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36.Some celebrities star in a new video to .[A]demand new laws on the use of plastics[B]urge consumers to cut the use of plastics[C]invite public opinion on the plastics crisis[D]disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may .[A]mislead us into doing worthless things[B]prevent us from making further efforts[C]weaken our sense of accomplishment[D]suppress our desire for success38.By pointing out our identity “citizens”, the author indicates that .[A]our focus should be shifted to community welfare[B]our relationship with local industries is improving[D] we should press our government to lead the combat39.DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be .[A] a win-win arrangement[B] a self-driven mechanism[C] a cost-effective approach[D] a top-down process40.The author concludes that individual efforts .[A]can be too aggressive[B]can be too inconsistent[C]are far from sufficient[D]are far from rationalPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’views weigh heavily on parents’real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,” he said.Greg Jaroszewski, real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’ s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home – but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home – without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.” Hampson said.The other issue is that many children – especially older ones – may base their real state knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’ s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Gurner said. “Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best –and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions：Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic.Write him an email to1)suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2)tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your one name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part BWrite an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Section Ⅰ Use of English1 . D2 . A3 . B4 . B5 . D6 . B7 . A8 . D9 . C 1 0 . A 1 1 . A 1 2 . D 1 3 . B 1 4 . A 1 5 . C 1 6 . D 1 7 . C 1 8 . A 1 9 . D 2 0 . ASection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21~25 C B D B D Text 2 26~30 D D B A C Text 3 31~35 C D B A B Text 4 36~40 B B D D CPart B41.A 42.D 43.C 44.G 45.F。

2017年考研英语(二)真题

2017年考研英语(二)真题

2017年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again1that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2.：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one4by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives5，people will simply become lazy and depressed.6，today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for7Americans.Also，some research suggests that the8for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the13of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could14strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today，the15of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，”says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively16for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel18，”Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself19a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for20matters.1.[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring2.[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty3.[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction4.[A]characterized[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured5.[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom6.[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless7.[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated8.[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute9.[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among10.[A]leave behind[B]make up[C]worry about[D]set aside11.[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically12.[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles13.[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course14.[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield15.[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship16.[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce17.[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats18.[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved19.[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into20.[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40points）Text1Every Saturday morning,at9am,more than50,000runners set off to run5km around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired400events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents;their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record13minutes48seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic"legacy"is failing.Ten years ago on Monday,it was announced that the Games of the30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly2million in the run－up to2012－but the general population was growing faster.Worse,the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London2012failed to"inspire a generation."The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock.The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots",concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1,Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularity B．created many jobsC．strengthened community ties D．become an official festival22.The author believes that London's Olympic"legacy"has failed to_____.A．boost population growth B．promote sport participationC．improve the city's image D．increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talents B．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitism D．does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport,the author holds that governments should_____. A．organize"grassroots"sports events B．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubs D．invest in public sports facilities25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____.A．Tolerant B．Critical C．Uncertain D．sympatheticText2With so much focus on children’s use of screens,it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,"and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testingexercise.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started20percent fewer verbal and39percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention."Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,"says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids'use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children:“It’s based on a somewhat fantasized,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to30,000words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents, he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky,digital products are designed to______.A．simplify routine matters B．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relations D．increase work efficiency27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’use of devices______.A．takes away babies’appetite B．distracts children’s attentionC．slows down babies’verbal development D．reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the“still face experiment”to show that_______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies B．teach their kids at least30,000words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their children D．remain concerned about kid's use of screens30.According to Tronick,kid’s use of screens may_______.A．give their parents some free time B．make their parents more creativeC．help them with their homework D．help them become more attentiveText3Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all,if everyone you know is going to college in the fall,it seems silly to stay back a year,doesn't it?And after going to school for12years,it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true,it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated“race to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact,it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence,new responsibilities and environmental changes－all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,then consider its financial impacton future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics,nearly80percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once.This isn’t surprising,considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications,but switching to another after taking college classes.It’s not necessarily a bad thing,but depending on the school,it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College,for example,you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.A．they think it academically misleading B．they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC．it feels strange to do differently from others D．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.A．keep students from being unrealistic B．lower risks in choosing careersC．ease freshmen’s financial burdens D．relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word“acclimation”（Line8,Para.3）is closest in meaning to_____.A．Adaptation B．applicationC．Motivation D．competition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.A．avoid academic failures B．establish long-term goalsC．switch to another college D．decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be_____.A．In Favor of the Gap Year B．The ABCs of the Gap YearC．The Gap Year Comes Back D．The Gap Year:A DilemmaText4Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts20years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep －that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in2015they_____.A．exhausted unprecedented management efforts B．consumed a record-high percentage of budget C．severely damaged the ecology of western states D．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37.Moritz calls for the use of"a magnifying glass"to_____.A．raise more funds for fire-prone areas B．avoid the redirection of federal moneyC．find wildfire-free parts of the landscape D．guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element,Moritz notes that_____.A．public debates have not settled yet B．fire-fighting conditions are improvingC．other factors should not be overlooked D．a shift in the view of fire has taken place39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to_____.A．discover the fundamental makeup of nature B．explore the mechanism of the human systems C．maximize the role of landscape in human life D．understand the interrelations of man and nature40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should_____.A．do away with B．come to terms withC．pay a price for D．keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain,particularly from Donald Trump."We don't make anything anymore,"he told Fox News,while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question,manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country,factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge:instead of having too many workers,they may end up with too few.Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every lennials may not be that interested in taking their place,other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners,it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages."They're harder to find and they have job offers,"says Jay Dunwell,president of Wolverine Coil Spring,a family-owned firm,"They may be coming[into the workforce],but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,"Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing,a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly200workers,five are retiring this year.Mr.Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program,with a starting wage of$13an hour that rises to$17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant,young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors.It's his first week on the job.Asked about his choice of career,he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering."I love working with tools.I love creating."he says.But to win over these young workers,manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle:parents,who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression,telling them to avoid the lennials"remember their father and mother both were laid off.They blame it on the manufacturing recession,"says Birgit Klohs,chief executive of The Right Place,a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced:Employment in manufacturing has fallen from17million in1970to12million in 2013.When the recovery began,worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades.Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,"says Rob Spohr,a business professor at Montcalm Community College."There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill.It's that gap in between,and that's where the problem is."Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing:a work/life balance.While their parents were content to work long hours,young people value flexibility."Overtime is not attractive to this generation.They really want to live their lives,"she says.41。

2017-2019年考研英语二真题及答案详解精编(高清无水印)

2017-2019年考研英语二真题及答案详解精编(高清无水印)

could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today， the 15
of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring， degrading， unhealthy， and a waste of
Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy
people will own all the capital， and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..
A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a
different sort， one 4 by purposelessness： Without jobs to give their lives 5 ， people
1. [A] boasting
[B] denying
[C] warning
[D] ensuring
[答案][C] warning
2. [A] inequality
[B] instability [C] unreliability
[D] uncertainty
[答案][A] inequality
3. [A] policy
time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from

张剑黄皮书02~04真题及解析

张剑黄皮书02~04真题及解析

2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。

从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。

接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。

第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。

此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。

二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。

首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。

注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。

其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。

idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案详解

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案详解

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案详解2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,with academics,writers,and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one 4 by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the8forrising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting 9poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days,because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel 18 ,”Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2．[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3．[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4．[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5．[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6．[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7．[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8．[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9．[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10．[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11．[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12．[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13．[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14．[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15．[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16．[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17．[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18．[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19．[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20．[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen f riends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy”is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster.Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.”The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally”grassroots”,concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs [C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22.The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy”has failed to.[A] boost population growth [C] improve the city’s image[B] promote sport participation[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition [C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governmentsshould.[A] organize “grassroots”sports events[B] supervise local sports associations [C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. “Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the”still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,”says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, veryupper-middle-classideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention [C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies’appetite[C] slows down babies’verbal development[B] distracts children’s attention[D] reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment”to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’mood[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative [C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction withincreasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school,medical school or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact,it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[B] lower risks in choosing careers[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word”acclimation”(Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them.[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals [C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year [C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?”It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.”We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?””Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.”The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,”he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.”We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they .[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass”to .[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A] public debates have not settled yet[C] other factors should not be overlooked[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away fromPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,”he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,”says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,”Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years. At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating.”he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,”says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place,a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.”The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,”says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,”she says.41. Jay Deuwell42.Jason Stenquist43. Birgit Klohs44. Rob Spohr45.Julie Parks[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don't need much skill.[C] points out that the US doesn't manufacture anything anymore.[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people's parents.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it , because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions：Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1) accept the invitation, and2) introduce the key points of your presentationYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name, use “LiMing”instead.Don’t write your address. (10 points)48. Directions：Write an essay based on the following chart.In your write，you should1）interpret the chart，and2）Give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. （15 points）2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语答案详解（二）Section I Use of English1.【答案】[C] warning【解析】此处是考察词义辨析，文章第一段首句提到“People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .”其意思是“人们几个世纪以来一直在思索没有工作的未来。

2019年自考英语二历年试题及答案

2019年自考英语二历年试题及答案

2019年自考英语二历年试题(真题)及答案(共10页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015）本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。

必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。

第一部分：阅读判断（第1〜10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

To Lease(租赁) or Not to LeasePlanning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying.Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back.Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore， allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.By now, the benefits of buying over leasing should be clear. Remember: whatever model you can afford to buy, it is yours after you make the payments. There's no giving back, and that makes all the difference.1. People usually think leasing a car can save money.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Givena car costs less in the long term.B. FalseC. Not GivenA. True3. More people like to lease cars than before.A. TrueB. FalseC Not Given4. People can lease a car they cannot afford.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Givenpeople prefer to lease the latest models of cars.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. Ford Explorer is the most popular model in the leasing market.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. People often pay more than they expect for a lease.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Givenneed to pay for each mile they drive during the lease.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. Leasing companies pay for repairs to the leased cars.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Givenauthor advises people to buy an affordable car.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第11〜15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。

考研英语(二)历年真题详解：试卷版(2019)

考研英语(二)历年真题详解：试卷版(2019)
考研英语（二）历年真题详解：试 卷版（2019）
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 读书笔记 05 作者介绍
目录
02 内容摘要 04 目录分析 06 精彩摘录
思维导图
关键字分析思维导图
试卷
英语
试题答案
解析
答案
考试
速查
真题
真题
考生 硕士
试题
版
英语
答题卡
研究生
音频
全国
内容摘要
本试卷收录了首次出现全日制专业硕士至今的所有考研英语（二）真题（2010~2018），并对这9套真题进行 了多角度地解读，选取真正对考生有益的解析栏目，做到答案准确，解析透彻、细致，但绝不繁冗，不让考生淹 没在大量的文字堆砌中，找不到解题的重点。除了这9套真题，本书还特别增加了2套高标准命制的模拟试题，试 题原文选自主流英美报刊，与真题同源，预测性强，同时命题的难度、形式完全符合考研英语（二）考试大纲的 要求，可供考生考前自测，检验备考成果。不论真题还是模拟题，我们对所有篇章都配有文章概述、试题解析、 全文翻译和难词注释等多个解析模块，帮助考生全面了解真题及考试。
英语（二）试题
答案详解
答案速查
2014年全国硕士研 究生入学统一考试
英语（二）试题
答案详解
2015年全国硕士研 究生入学统一考试英
语（二）试题
答案速查
答案详解
2016年全国硕士研
答案详解
3
2017年全国硕 士研究生入学
统一考试英语
（二）试题
4
答案速查
5
答案详解
0
210 1 8 年 全 国硕士研究 生入学统一 考试英语 （二）试题
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