北京中考英语专项考点阅读理解专题三阅读短文回答问题

北京中考英语专项考点阅读理解专题三阅读短文回答问题————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：阅读短文回答问题题型是根据任务型教学设计而成的，它是介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型。

它要求学生在阅读文章后能对文章中某些细节做到准确把握或对整篇文章进行提炼概括，是一种读写相结合的题型。

这种题型既考查学生的阅读理解信息的能力，也考查学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力，还考查学生运用英语语言将有关内容以文字形式正确地表达出来的能力。

纵观近几年的中考试题，不难发现阅读材料难度整体适中，材料后的题目设计难度并不很大，以下是2014-2016年的命题规律。

2014年2015年2016年分值10 10 10考点主旨大意题、事实理解题、信息归纳题主旨大意题、事实理解题、信息归纳题主旨大意题、事实理解题、信息归纳题体裁记叙文说明文记叙文题材食品历史黑色星期五信息瓶故事字数328 377 365难度★★★★★★★★阅读短文回答问题是中考阅读类题型之一。

和阅读选择题型一样，也是对语篇阅读能力的考查。

阅读回答问题题型与阅读选择题型不同点在于考生不仅需要对语篇有较好的理解，还要能够将对文章的理解通过自己组织的语言表达出来。

因此可以说这个题型兼有阅读理解和书面表达的双重特点。

阅读回答问题旨在综合考查考生通过阅读语篇获取信息和处理信息的能力以及写作中基本语法的运用能力。

此题型单词总量通常在300词左右。

文章体裁通常以说明文为主。

题材与现实生活紧密结合。

通常第一题是一般疑问句，其他几个题为特殊疑问句，多数考题针对文章中的事实细节，答案都能在原文中找到出处。

最后一个问题通常为半开放性题目，往往需要概括文章的主旨要义或对作者的写作意图进行推测。

一、阅读技巧1. 略读。

快速浏览全文，掌握语篇主旨大意。

略读文章时着重阅读理解文章的首段、每段的首句和末句。

通过对这几个部分的着重阅读通常能够找到文章的主旨大意；并能够掌握文章的行文脉络，迅速把握短文的主要信息的分布。

2. 扫读。

认真阅读五个题目，准确理解题意及其涉及的范围，带着问题到短文中寻找相关答案。

一般的事实题可直接从文中找到答案，较为深层次的逻辑推理判断题，则需要在对全文理解的基础上进行作答。

答题一定要立场客观，勿掺杂主观因素。

3. 复查。

答题后对照短文内容对所写出的答案进行审核，做出必要的修正。

二、答题技巧答题时，要了解不同问题的回答方式。

1. 答题总的原则是简略表达。

2. 一般疑问句用Yes/No回答，相对简单些，只要理解文章含义，能判断出是或不是就可以了。

3. 选择疑问句回答时不用Yes/No，需选择其中正确的一部分来作答。

4. 回答特殊疑问句时较为复杂，要注意问题与回答在形式上的对应。

5. 在回答最后一个总结题时，要注意答出关键点（通常有两点以上），用正确的语法将各个要点进行归纳整合，切忌照抄多个原文句子。

6. 在回答时，应该对照题目，根据需要对回答的句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性等做出适当的调整。

Passage 1体裁题材词数建议用时记叙文食品历史328 9分钟（2014·北京）Almost every kid in this country has ever eaten Hershey chocolate. But do you know that the Hershey chocolate factory is more than one hundred years old?And do you know that the father of Hershey Chocolate,Milton Hershey,had many failures in business before he started his famous company?Milton Hershey grew up in Pennsylvania. Before he became interested in making chocolate,he worked as a printer for a small newspaper at first,and then decided that printing was not the right job for him.Then he worked at a candy factory in Lancaster. After working a few years there,he decided to open his own little candy business near Philadelphia. His first business failed because it was not making money. After that,he went to Denver to learn how to make caramels （焦糖） . He took his new skills back to New York and worked selling candies on the street. But his second business also failed.Finally,Milton Hershey moved back to Pennsylvania where he grew up. He then experimented with all sorts of different candies and chocolates. By 1893 he was selling a million dollars worth of caramel candy each year. Since his chocolate-flavored （巧克力味的）caramels were the best selling,he decided to make chocolate himself.By experimenting,Milton Hershey discovered how to make delicious chocolate. The area where he lived had a large and easy supply of milk and sugar,which helped him succeed in his chocolate business. In 1903,Milton Hershey built a huge chocolate factory and a town to go with it.Today,the town of Hershey is still the home of the factory that Milton Hershey built. And if you ever visit it,you can smell delicious chocolate smells just by driving through the town.The factory is not so hard to find. Just travel down Cocoa Avenue until you get to East Chocolate Avenue. Turn right at the traffic lights and just follow your nose.1. Who is the father of Hershey Chocolate?Milton Hershey.2. Where did he grow up?He grew up in Pennsylvania.3. Why did he go to Denver?Because he wanted to learn how to make caramels.4. Why did he decide to make chocolate himself?Because his chocolate-flavored caramels were the best selling.5. What might be the reasons for Hershey’s success in his chocolate business?His courage, new skills, determination and the large and easy supply of milk and sugar.Passage 2体裁题材词数建议用时说明文黑色星期五377 10分钟Black Friday（2015·北京）Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday. The day after it has been known as Black Friday. It is the start of the holiday shopping season, and it has been the busiest shopping day of the year in the US since 2005.Most stores offer big sales on Black Friday. They open their doors quite early in the morning. They try to attract shoppers with big discounts （打折）. Some items （商品）like TVs and clothes are much cheaper than usual. Stores may even lose money on these items. They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for other people while they are in the store.Black Friday is a great time to go shopping. However, there are problems. The biggest one is that there are not enough low-priced items. Each store may only have a few. These items are in great need, so people stand in long lines to get them. They may wait three to four hours before a store opens. They may be hoping to get a low price on a TV or computer, but not everybody can get one. Some people leave, disappointed.The situation makes people worried. Some Black Friday events have been crazy. There have been fights over toys among shoppers. Some workershave even been hurt by large crowds. But most Black Friday eventsare safe and fun. Still, if you plan to go, you will expect largecrowds and a bit of pushing.So where does the name “Black Friday” come from?It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s. The police called this day Black Friday because of the heavy traffic it caused. In the 1960s, stores tried to rename the day “Big Friday”. It did not stick. The name “Black Friday” continued to spread across the country. It seems that it is here to stay.Now people all over the country take part in Black Friday events. It is even spreading to other parts of the world. Stores have held Black Friday events in the UK, Australia, and Brazil since 2012. In Mexico, stores offer a weekend of discounts every year. They call it“El Buen Fin”, which means “the good weekend” in Spanish. I guess people everywhere like to buy things on sale.1. Is Black Friday the start of the holiday shopping season?Yes.2. What is the biggest problem with Black Friday?There are not enough low-priced items.3. How long may people have to wait before a store opens?Three to four hours.4. Where was the name“Black Friday” first used in the 1950s?In Philadelphia.5. Why do people like going shopping on Black Friday?Because they can get things on sale. / Because they can get things with big discounts.Passage 3体裁题材词数建议用时记叙文信息瓶故事365 10分钟A 108-year-old Message in a Bottle（2016·北京）On November 30，1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days.Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didn’t break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old, so she didn’t want to damage it.Finally she got the piece of paper out of the bottle. She found that the paper was actually a postcard. On the back of the card was this message：The Marine Biological Association （海洋生物学协会）would pay a shilling （先令）for the bottle. A shilling was a unit of money that was used in Great Britain before the early 1970s.Winkler filled out the card and posted it. The association was surprised to get a postcard addressed to George Bidder, the president of the association from 1939 to 1945. The workers of the association searched on the Internet to find a shilling. They found one and sent it to Winkler as a reward.The message in the bottle was the oldest ever re-discovered. For this reason Marianne Winkler got a place in“Guinness World Records” （吉尼斯世界纪录）. She broke the record for the oldest message in a bottle.Winkler’s bottle was not the only one Bidder sent to sea. Between 1904 and 1906, he sent away more than one thousand bottles. He placed postcards inside them. The bottles were part of a research project to map currents （洋流）in the North Sea. This was the best method at that time. But whether the association could get the bottles back depended on the people who found them. The association reported that about 55 percent of the bottles were returned. They added that the experiment was a success as it showed the east-to-west flow of the North Sea’s currents.1. How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?For 108 years and 138 days.2. Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in 2015?Yes, she did.3. What was in the bottle?A piece of paper which was actually a postcard.4. Who was George Bidder?The president of the Marine Biological Association from 1939 to 1945.5. Why did Bidder drop bottles into the sea?Because the bottles were part of a research project to map currents in the North Sea.Passage 4体裁题材词数建议用时议论文学校及日常生活344 8分钟Letter A（2016·上海）Young people are always told that they should make the most of their time, that they will never be as free again. So, my question is—why fill up all this free time with housework？Parents expect their children to get good grades, be good at sports and be popular with other kids.However, there is not enough time in the day to do these things and then do housework as well. It’s not fair to expect teenagers to give up their precious time to do boring housework. Parents and children both have jobs. Parents’ jobs are in the workplace. Their children’s jobs are at school.The only difference is that parents get paid and children don’t. Parents say that they make their kids do housework to teach them responsibility. But this is just a trick. Parents trick their kids into doing housework because they are lazy.Yours,OverloadedLetter BBoth parents and children have jobs. The parent’s job is to go to work to earn money. The child’s job is to go to school. But we all get hungry. Someone has to cook the meals and clean up afterward. We all wear clothes that get dirty. Someone has to wash them, iron them, and put them away. Children work from 9 until 4. Parents work from 8 until 6. Sure, after 4 o’clock, children have homework. But after 6, parents have homework too. They have to do the shopping, go to the bank, pay the bills, and help their kids with their own homework!I think it’s only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but it’s good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when they leave home to go to college or to live on their own.Sincerely，Overworked1. What is the writer’s question in Letter A？Why fill up all this free time with housework？2. How are paren t’s jobs different from children’s jobs according to Letter A？Parents get paid （and/but children don’t）.3. Why does Letter B say it’s good for teenagers to help out a bit at home？（Because the writer thinks）it teaches children how to look afterthemselves.4. Who most probably wrote Letter B, a parent or a child？A parent.5. The two letters agree that parents and children both have jobs, don’t they？Yes, they do.Passage 5体裁题材词数建议用时说明文职业介绍339 8分钟（2014·上海）Chris is not a traditional explorer（探险者）—he usually works in an office for a large organization. Yet his job can sometimes be just as exciting and dangerous as being an explorer.Chris works for MSF, an organization also known as Doctors Without Borders （无国界医生）. MSF sends trained doctors all over the world to help people after a war or a disaster. Chris is a doctor from France who has travelled to many places to organize programs that help people.At the moment, there are over 27，000 trained medical staff taking part in MSF projects and tasks. The organization received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999. All kinds of doctors can volunteer for MSF. They need to be prepared to go almost anywhere in the world and, of course, they should expect difficult conditions. Doctors with experience in tropical（热带的）diseases are especially useful because most of MSF’s work is in Africa. When MSF accepts a doctor for a task, he has to go for at least six months. When doctors have completed a few tasks, they might be sent on an emergency task following a disaster, such as an earthquake.But why would a doctor leave a comfortable life and a good salary tojoin MSF?According to Chris, the experience you gain is a great help inyour career. Besides, just like the explorers of the past, you need to keepan open mind and learn to mix well with the people you meet. Most importantly, at the end of each task, you have made a real difference topeople’s lives.1. Does Chris work for a large organization?Yes（,he does）.2. When does MSF send trained doctors all over the world to help people?After a war or a disaster.3. How many medical staff are taking part in MSF projects and tasks?Over 27，000.4. What kind of doctors are greatly needed in Africa?Doctors with experience in tropical diseases.5. According to Chris, why is his work important to other people?Because at the end of each task he has made a real difference to people’s lives. / Because his job makes a difference to people’s lives.6. Why is an MSF doctor’s job exciting and dangerous?It is exciting because you may travel to many places and help people in need. It is dangerous because you may work in difficult conditions.（Any reasonable answer is acceptable. ）A组Passage 1体裁题材词数建议用时说明文生物介绍276 9分钟（2014·东城一模）We’ve all heard of mermaids. They are the beautiful half-human, half-fish creatures（生物）. They have the head and body of a human and the tail of a fish. We also know that mermaids only exist in fairy tales. But where did all the stories about these creatures come from?If you have ever seen a manatee, then you might have an idea.Manatees, which are also called sea cows, are mammals（哺乳动物）that live in the sea. Since they are mammals, they have to swim up to the surface to breathe air. Many people believe that the story of the mermaid began with the ancient sailors whosaw the manatees putting their heads out of the water to breathe. Because manatees are upright when they do this, it looks like they are standing. If a sailor saw a manatee doing this from far away across the sea, it is possible that the sailor would mistake the manatee for a creature that is half-human, half-fish.Mermaids are described as having very long hair. This is probably because manatees like to swim up to the surface of the water in areas where there is sea grass. Manatees eat all kinds of plants in the sea, including sea grass. The sea grass around the manatees’ head when they eat could create a picture of long hair.Manatees also have powerful tails that are very similar to the fish-like tail of a mermaid. The sailors probably watched manatees come up for air and then swim back below the surface, using their paddle-shaped tails. This would explain why the sailors thought mermaids had fish-like tails.1. What are mermaids?They are the beautiful half-human, half-fish creatures.2. Where do manatees live?In the sea.3. Do manatees need to breathe air out of water?Yes（,they do）.4. What do manatees eat?They eat all kinds of plants in the sea.5. Why did the ancient sailors mistake manatees for mermaids?When manatees were seen from a distance, their heads looked human-like and the sea grass around their heads looked like long hair. And they swam with theirpaddle-shaped tails.Passage 2体裁题材词数建议用时议论文运动健康337 9分钟（2015·海淀一模）Do you worry about your health?Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then quit?If you answer yes, you should try a new type of exercise：aquatic exercise. Aquatic exercise is a kind of exercise you do in a swimming pool. For example, you can run, walk, or even do a mind-body practice, such as yoga.More and more people are trying aquatic exercise. In the United States, the number has grown by 25% in recent years. People in other countries are also doing aquatic exercise more frequently.Aquatic exercise has many benefits. First of all, it feels easier than exercising on land. Why?You weighabout 90% less in the pool. It is also better for your knees than running or walking.Aquatic exercise feels easy, but you still burn calories（卡）. Water is 1，000 times thicker and heavier than air. In the same amount of time, you can burn more calories in the pool than in the gym. That’s because it takes more energy to move in the water.But what if you are scared of the water?No problem!There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn’t require any special skills. For most kinds of aquatic exercise, you don’t even need to know how to s wim.In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make them anxious. The cool and quiet environment makes them exercise more.Aquatic exercise is suitable for everyone. You can do it at any age. It can even help people who have been hurt in accidents. With aquatic exercise, they can move in ways they can’t on land. For example, some people who can’t walk can walk and even run in the water.So are you looking for a fun new way to improve your health?Why not try?Join the millions of people who are burning calories while keeping cool in the pool.1. Where do people do aquatic exercise?In a swimming pool.2. Why do people burn more calories while doing aquatic exercise?Because it takes more energy to move in the water.3. Is it difficult to learn aquatic exercise?No（,it isn’t）.4. Who is aquatic exercise suitable for?Everyone.5. What is the passage mainly about?What aquatic exercise is and its benefits.Passage 3体裁题材词数建议用时议论文人生故事435 12分钟（2015·西城一模）Our views towards life change over the time. When I was around five years old, I was in a car accident. At that time, I did not realize the seriousness of it and how lucky I was to still be alive. As I look back to think what happened on that night, I now realize how lucky my family members and I were to not have gotten serious injuries.The day of accident started out great. My brother, Troy, and I had spent the night before at Joann’s house, with Heather and Joann’s husban d Gary. The next day we spent playing inside the house, because it was cold, windy and rainy outside. At night, Joann told us we were going out and that where we were going was a surprise. The five of us climbed into an old car, and we set off for our surprise. It was still cold, windy, and raining cats and dogs outside when we left. Troy, Heather and I sat in the backseat together happily. The next thing I knew was that everything was in chaos（混乱）!The road was so slick（滑的）that the car lost control. Glass was flying everywhere, and it sounded like there was noise all around us. Then it was totally quiet, except for the sound of the rain and wind. Troy, Heather and I were all lying on top of one another. The three of us were crying, not knowing what had happened. Joann and Gary were trying to calm（使平静）us down and kept asking us if we were all right. Luckily, none of us was injured, just a few cuts. After that I only remember sitting there in the cold, dark night waiting for Gary to get back with people to help us. We never got to the surprise that night. But at least we were able to go home in one piece.After my brother and I got home that night, I remember my parents let us stay up as long as we wanted to. I guess my parents were realizing just how close they came to losing us that night. As I think of the tragedy（悲剧）that could have happened on that night, I realize how precious （宝贵）life is. I treasure my family and friends, and hope that we will share a loving, caring, and rewarding lifetime together. Things seldom go the way I plan them to, but I take a deep breath, try to laugh, and make the best of it.1. Did the accident happen at night?Yes（,it did）.2. What was the weather like when the accident happened?It was cold, windy and rainy.3. How did the accident happen?The road was so slick that the car lost control.4. What was the writer doing when Gary asked for help?He/She was sitting there.5. What is the passage mainly about?It is mainly about a car accident and the writer’s new views towards life.Passage 4体裁题材词数建议用时记叙文对诚实美德的回报280 8分钟（2014·西城一模）It was early evening on September 14th. Glen James, a homeless man was passing by a store in Boston when he happened upon a black bag. To see whose the bag was, Glen opened it only to find that it was filled with money—＄2，400 in cash and almost ＄40，000 in travelers checks, as well as, a passport and other papers.While other people in similar situations would have been tempted （引诱）, Glen who has been homeless since 2005, did not even think twice. He showed the bag to a police officer, and the police officer gave it back to a Chinese tourist who had reported it lost. What Glen did was reported by newspapers, all over the country.While most people that read it felt surprised at the man’s honesty，27-year-old Ethan Whittington thought Glen should get money for what he did. So he decided to set up a money collection website. He set a goal of ＄50，000, which he believed was reasonable because it was more than what Glen had discovered in the bag. The marketing manager from Virginia thought he would be lucky to raise a few hundred dollars. Instead, within just a day, the website had gone over the ＄50，000 goal, encouraging Ethan to set a higher goal of ＄250，000 so that he could help Glen buy a house and start a new life.Now，＄113，000 has been raised. Ethan who has talked to Glen over the phone, plans to visit Boston soon and also help him manage the money wisely. Needless to say, the homeless man is surprised at what he is receiving for doing the right thing—Honesty, certainly paysoff!1. Did Glen find money in the black bag?Yes（, he did）.2. Who gave the bag back to the Chinese tourist?A police officer.3. What did Ethan decide to do after he read the news of Glen?He decided to set up a money collection website.4. How much money has been raised by now?＄113，000.5. What can we learn from Glen and Ethan?We can learn to be honest from Glen, and we should learn to be helpful responsible/warm-hearted from Ethan.B组Passage 1体裁题材词数建议用时说明文蚂蚁习性264 9分钟（2014·海淀一模）Ants may be very tiny, but they’re serious eaters!Ants love a picnic and they have their “ant-picnics”.Favorite FoodsWant to find out what the ants like to eat?Place different foods on the edge of an upside-down plate. You can use butter, honey or seeds. Put this feeding station in the places where there are lots of ants. Wait three minutes and count the number of ants feeding on each food. Count them every three minutes. Watch and find out!Do ants prefer sweet foods or less sweet ones?Here’s a test：Give ants a choice between full-strength honey and a honey-water mixture. Offer a few drops of each choice side-by-side. Then count the number of ants you see near each site every three minutes.How Far Will They Go?Want to see how far ants travel to collect food?First find an ant nest（巢）by following some ants when they carry food home. Now you know how far the ants traveled to your food station. Next, move the food station about one foot （30 cm）farther. Keep moving it until the ants no longer show up.Spreading the NewsOnce ants find food they like, usually they try to get their nest-mates to help. To find out how long it takes an ant to tell others there’s food nearby, offer their favorite food and watch. After the first ant finds it, begin counting the ants at the food station every minute. Also, watch their behavior—when the first ant heads home, what does it do when it gets near other nest-mates?1. Do ants love a picnic?Yes（,they do）.2. Where can we put the feeding station to find out ants’ favorite food?In the places where there are lots of ants.3. How can we find an ant nest?By following some ants when they carry food home. 4. What do ants usually do once they find food they like?They usually try to get their nest-mates to help.5. What is the passage mainly about?Some features of ants on eating and how to observe them by experiments.Passage 2体裁题材词数建议用时说明文美国校园生活306 9分钟（2014·昌平一模）Have you ever wondered what an American high school is really like?This article will describe a typical （典型的）high school and its students.A typical American high school has several large buildings and enough space for about 1，500 students. Every student is given a locker. When students first arrive at school, they go straight to their lockers to put away or get their textbooks and to hang up their outdoor clothes. As American textbooks are expensive, students would rather borrow than buy them. Students must pay back if they lose any of them.American students have different types of school transport. They usually take a yellow school bus or walk to school if they live close enough. Sometimes their parents drive them to school. When they turn 16 years of age, most take a free driving class at school for one term. If students get passing grades in the class and also pass their state driver’s exam, they can begin driving themselves to school.Each day, students take six or seven classes. They must take science, maths, English and social studies. They can choose art, homemaking, clothes making and other classes. In some schools students are asked to take one or more of the following special classes：health education, physical education or foreign language studies. Students move to different classrooms for each subject. This is because each teacher has their own classroom. There is a five-minute break between classes, to give the students the time to hurry to their next class.The school day usually ends early in the afternoon. After school more than half of the students take part in after-school activities. These activities include sports—especially football, basketball, baseball and soccer or clubs, such as yearbook, speech, school newspaper, photography and student government.1. How many students are there in the typical American school?There are about 1，500 students.2. What do they do first when they arrive at school?They go to their lockers （to put away or get their textbooks and to hang up their outdoor clothes）.3. What subjects must they study?Science, maths, English and social studies.4. What do they do after school?They do/have/take part in after-school activities.5. What can you learn about the American school life from the passage?School size, transport, subjects and after-school activities.Passage 3体裁题材词数建议用时说明文适应新环境274 8分钟（2014·顺义一模）When you step into a new environment, you must have a strong wish to fit in. Fitting in means making more friends, having more influence on others and getting more chances to live a happier life. Here is some advice that can help you.Be confident. Confidence attracts most people. Everyone is special and there is only one person like you in this world. Spend some time thinking about your strong points. If so, you will be able to build up confidence step by step. You won’t have much difficulty fitting in.Be kind to everyone. Kindness is the bridge to your own happiness. When people notice your kindness, they will return it one day. Always give more than you receive, and think more of others than of yourself. A person who cares for others is popular everywhere.Be active in group activities. Various activities like playing football can help you to be known to others. You may add more friends to your circle. At the same time, you’ll be amazed to see how much they like you. Instead of being alone to waste time, going out to dance and sing together with others to develop friendship.Be optimistic. Optimism makes both you and others feel pleased. It makes a good first impression. A pleasant smile costs the least and does the most. Humor catches others’ attention as well. People will like you for making them live happily.If you follow what is mentioned above, you will be accepted by people around you. As a result, you will fit in very well and enjoy your new life.1. Is it necessary for a new comer to make more friends around?。