中国洁净煤技术及市场_英文_
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Clean Coal Technology and Market in China 中国洁净煤技术及市场
Staff Editor
本刊编辑部
[Abstract] This paper briefs the current clean production and consumption levels of coal in China and the pollution harmbrought to the atmospheric environment, present status and orientation of clean coal technology development in Chinacoal industry, progress and perspective of clean coal power generation technology in China, as well as application andmarket of flue gas desulphurization technology in coal-fired power plants.
[Keywords] energy structure clean coal technology electricity generation flue gas desulfurization
[摘要] 本文介绍目前中国煤炭洁净生产和消费水平以及给大气环境造成的污染危害;煤炭工业洁净煤技术发展的现状及方向;洁净煤发电技术的进展和前瞻;燃煤电厂烟气脱硫技术的应用及市场。
[关键词] 能源结构 洁净煤技术 发电 烟气脱硫
1. Clean Coal Technology ─ the Strategic Option ofChina's Energy Development
1.1General
There are two evident features in China's energy structure.Firstly, coal accounts for the largest part in the production andconsumption of primary energy. Secondly, coal-fired poweraccounts for the largest part in the installed generating capacityand electricity generation, and such setup will not change greatlyin the next 40 ̄50 years, thus it follows that clean coal technologywill play a decisive role in China's energy development.
The atmospheric environmental pollution in China mainly comesfrom coal smoke. Main pollutants are SO2 and smoke dust. Acidrain problem remains to be serious, for the covered arearepresents about 30% of the whole territory. Large amount ofcoal burnt results in increases of SO2, NOX, smoke dust andCO2 emissions year by year, which unceasingly worsened theatmospheric environment, leading to very great impact on thepeople's livelihood.
Thanks to this, in the early 1990s, the State mapped out "Agendafor the 21st Century of China", establishing the sustainabledevelopmental strategy. Clean coal technology as an importantcontent was placed in the agenda.
1.2 Developing clean coal technology─ the necessity forChina's economic and social sustainable development
The sustainable development of China's energy industry needsto vigorously develop clean coal technology. The China's energyindustry is based upon coal, but the production and consumptiondegree of clean coal is very low, 70% of the smoke dustdischarge and 90% of SO2 emission throughout the countrycome from coal burning. The share of clean and efficient energyin China is low, and the share of electricity in the end energyconsumption is much lower than the world's average level.
Consequently, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of energyutilization through developing clean coal technology, to providemore green energy for the society.
Clean coal technology is of utmost importance in therestructuring of energy. Coal industry has placed the clean coaltechnology, including the deep-processing and conversion ofcoal, as an important content in the restructuring of coal in theTenth Five-year Plan period, and will, through the spreading ofclean coal technology, implement the clean coal production andreduce the consumption proportion of coal in the end usage ofenergy. The coal-fired generating units possess the leadingposition in the national installed capacity, accounting for about75% of the total. The proportion of generating units with cleancoal as fuel in China is very low. It is imperative to developclean coal technology for realizing the sustainable developmentof electric power.
1.3 The development of clean coal technology will open upa new market
China's coal product ranks first and installed generating capacityranks second in the world. The development of clean coaltechnology will necessarily lead to forming a new large market.The development of clean coal technology involves coal, power,chemical, metallurgy, machine building etc. multiple industriesand multiple disciplines. The related industries andenvironmental protection sectors have to jointly coordinate andplan the development of clean coal technology and establishthe operating mechanism in accordance with the market law.
Coal Industry: The deep-processing and conversion of coal willbe speeded up through developing clean coal technology. Bythe year 2005, the nationwide coal-washing rate will reach morethan 60%, refined coking coal product 70 million tons, coal bedgas 3 ̄4 billion cubic meters, coal water slurry 10 million tonsand coal-liquefied oil 2 million tons.
Power Industry: It is estimated that, by the year 2005, theinstalled generating capacity will reach 355 GW, and will reach450 and 550 GW by 2010 and 2015, respectively. The coal-fired generating units will still account for more than 2/3, providinga broad market foundation for the development of clean coaltechnology. It is estimated that the FGD scale of fossil-firedgenerating units will amount to 40 ̄50 GW, a very large market.
Equipment Manufacturing Industry: The equipmentmanufacturing of clean coal technology is a huge market. Chinanow has not possessed the domesticated production capabilityof some equipment. In order to speed up the realization ofdomestication, China will adopt the technique-tradingcooperation pattern to build clean coal projects. This will promotethe development of China's equipment manufacturing industries,and open up new market for China's equipment manufacturingindustries.
2. Present Status and Orientation of Clean CoalTechnology Development in China Coal Industry
2.1 Present status of clean coal technology developmentin China coal industry
In the " Ninth Five-year Plan and Development ProgrammeOutline for 2010 of Clean Coal Technology in China" approvedby the State Council, coal washing and formed coal are listedas the first-selected projects. In the meantime, the StateEconomic and Trading Commission has been vigorouslycarrying forward the application of washed coal in variousindustries, especially in the electric power industry, which raiseshigher requirements for the processing and usage of washedand prepared coals.
In the present stage, the coal washing and preparationtechnology has been comparatively matured. Thedevelopmental focal point has been shifted from the past cokingcoal to the power coal, from the past simply stressed reductionof ashes to both reduction of ashes and desulfurization as wellas the recovery of pyrite in the washed gangue. The product ofupgraded coals has been increased from 190 million tons in1995 to the present 280 million tons, up 47.3%. Nevertheless,the amount of upgraded coal is still very low, only accountingfor 30% of coal production capability. This will bring about largerspace for the development of processing technology and levelof coal upgrading and preparation.
The second item of the first-selected projects listed in the"Outline" is "formed coal". The energy-saving, environmentalprotection, economics and technological maturity have beenlong since universally acknowledged at home and abroad. Atthe end of 1996, the coal consumption by livelihood amountedto about 144 million tons, accounting for 58.1% of the total energyusage of livelihood. In order to overcome the shortcomings oftraditional honeycomb briquettes, the upper firing bituminoushoneycomb briquettes with pure bituminous or with the blend of