英语句子成分分析80360

英语句子成分讲座·

1.主语

句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、或动词(短语) 来充当。、动词作主语时通常用it 作形式主语。

■名词作主语

English is very important. 英语是很重要的。

The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。

■代词作主语

They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。

■作主语

Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。

It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。

■动词(短语)作主语

To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。

2.谓语

谓语必须由动词充当，但动词、、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为和。

■作谓语

We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。

They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。

All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。

Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?

■作谓语

He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。

You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。

The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。

He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于____年9月出国。

■连系动词表状态

He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师。

Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。

Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。

The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。

3.表语

表语与连系动词连用，构成，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、、动词、分词等充当。如：

They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。

What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。

Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。

John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。

The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。

All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你只需从机场打个的即可。

My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。

4.宾语

宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、、动词或整个句子。如：

I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。

I bought a ticket for . 我买了一张去米兰的车票。

I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。

Have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了吗?

He certainly did not want to join them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。

They decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境。

We expected that you would stay for a few days. 我们预计你会待几天的。

5.定语

定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、短语、动词、分词(短语) 或句子充当。

His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。

Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。

The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。

The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。

I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。

Can you find out the answer to the question？你能找到这个问题的答案吗？

Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的东西吗？

A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。

A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死，其言也善。

Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗？

6.状语

英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、短语、动词、分词充当，或由连词引导状语，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。

(1) 时间状语

I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。

Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。

Go along this street until you reach the end. 沿着这条街走直到到达尽头为止。

(2) 地点状语

Pandas only live in . 熊猫仅生活在中国。

You should put the book where it was. 你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。

(3) 程度状语

I have quite a lot of work to do. 我有相当多的工作要做。

(4) 目的状语