英语句子成分分析 完整版
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英语句子成分
主语
主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it 作形式主语。
■名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
■代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
■动名词作主语It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。■动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。
■主语从句What we can’t get seems better than what we have.
表语
表语与连系动词连用,构成系表结构,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如:
They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。
What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。
Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。
John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。
The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。
All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你只需从机场打个的即可。
My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。
The fact is that she never knew the secret.
宾语
宾语是行为动作的对象,一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语,充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如:
I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。
I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。
I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。
Have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了吗?
He certainly did not want to join them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。
They decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境。
We hoped that all would come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。
We expected that you would stay for a few days. 我们预计你会待几天的。
定语
定语为句子的次要成分,起修饰限制名词或代词的作用,可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。
His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。
Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。
The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。
The man downstairs couldn’t sleep w ell. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。
I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。
Can you find out the answer to the question?你能找到这个问题的答案吗?
Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的东西吗?
A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。
A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死,其言也善。
The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. 送往委员会的建议被采纳了。
Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗?
状语
英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当,或由连词引导状语从句,表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式,比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。
(1) 时间状语I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。
Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 听到这个消息,他们感到很兴奋。
(2) 地点状语Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。
(3) 程度状语I have quite a lot of work to do. 我有相当多的工作要做。
(4) 目的状语He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper.
(5) 方式状语Please do it as I told you. 请按我告诉你的去做。
(6) 让步状语Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. 虽然她很有钱,而她并不幸福。
(7) 条件状语If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others.
(8) 比较状语Your watch is not the same as mine. 你的手表与我的不一样。
(9) 原因状语We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather.
(10) 结果状语The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
(11) 伴随状语The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm.
宾语补足语
宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语,与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系,可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如:
Tom found the climb quite easy. 汤姆觉得爬山很容易。
Don’t be so formal. Call me Jim. 不要这样正规,叫我吉姆好了。
I’m finished. Let’s go now. 我已干完,咱们走吧。
You must keep it clean. 你要把它保持干净。
I have the car waiting. 我让汽车等着。
We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。
Why don’t you have your hair cut? 你为什么不理发?
He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。
I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。
I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。
She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够的衣服穿。
He made me repeat the story. 他要我把那事重讲一遍。
Rain makes plants grow. 雨水使植物生长。
注意:后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, think, make, choose 等,后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有keep, find, get, think, make 等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时,当谓语动词为感官动词(如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等),使役动词(如let, have, make 等),动词不定式不带to。