中考英语阅读词义猜测讲解教案

中考英语阅读词义猜测讲解教案

一、考点分析

猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。

任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文(context), 正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。

二、考察形式

猜测词义的能力属于英语的基本能力之一。具体到考试题型上，在单项选择、完型填空、首字母填空、阅读理解等题型上都会有体现，尤其是阅读类题目，对陌生单词意思的猜测和对熟词生义的理解都是会直接影响到对文章的理解。阅读理解题型往往会以如下形式进行考察。

1.What does the word “…” refer to?

2.The underlined word “…” is the closest in meaning to ______.

3.By saying that“…”, the author means tha t ___.

看到这样的题目，就知道，若是不能理解所指单词意思，那就是失分喽！

三、猜词方法大突破

前面一开始我们猜测了几个单词的意思，现在我们在有上下文语境的情况下，你猜的对不对。

⏹On the way to the factory, Jack sang a pop song happily. Because it is the first day for him

to work，When he was working, he talked with his comrade. Suddenly, the machine broke down because of his carelessness. Jack was afraid of the blame of his boss. His comrade told him, “Take it easy, you are a green hand.”

⏹Do you like a lady bird? It is not a kind of bird. It is a insect（昆虫）. It can fly. Its wings

are red. It is very small.

⏹Tom is a great man. Tom is treated as a big potato.

⏹Tim drank too much water last night, so he went to visit john twice.

【讲解】一个完全陌生的单词，或者一个熟悉的单词怎么都看不出啥意思？为什么？缺乏上下文的语境,一个单词，尤其是在文章中出现的单词，其前后句子或单词在意义上和语法上都会与其相联系。

如上面几句，第一句，第二句，第三句都是相当于对单词的解释，第四句就是因果关系，根据我们

的日常生活逻辑，喝水多了，自然就要上厕所。所以这些就是帮助我们判断词义的重要线索。下面

我们来看看，英语的句子，在语法关系上，在句型结构上，有没有帮助我们的技巧。

1、定义释义法：通过定义,定语从句,词组,同位语从句来体现. 其表现形式为:用that is, in other words, or ,mean, be called, refer to,或连系动词to be等定义或重述形式来解释生词.如:

1）Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.

2）Jane is indecisive, that is, she can’t make up her mind.

3）It will be very hard but also very brittle— that is, it will break easily.

4）A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.

2、对比法：句中多半有unlike, but, although, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead of, rather than等信息词. 另外,分号也可以表示转折,对比的意义.

1）Andrew is one of the most supercilious man I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.

2).Her voice was usually soft and sweet, but now it was hoarse, (沙哑的)

3).Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. (肮脏的).

【讲解】在含有though , but 等含有转折词的句子中, 主从句某些词构成对比关系. 即可看出soft and sweet 和hoarse 及clean 和grubby 意义相对.

4).If you agree, write "yes"; if you dissent, write "no".

【讲解】根据对比关系的yes 和no,不难看出agree 和dissent是反义词.

5).He has been in office for only a few months. However，he has achieved more than any of his predecessors. (前任者)

【讲解】用however 来提示下文要表达意想不到的结果.

3、因果法：文章借助关联词because, as, since, for, so, thus, as the result, therefore等表示前因后果.有时利用动词lead to, cause, result in, result from, bring about等表达因果关系.

1）The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.

2）The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was pe rmanent. So the player could never play the sport again.

3）The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.

4.根据同等关系猜词：在特定的情况下，作者通过一连串同一类型或同一范畴和词语来表达

其思想。如果有一生词在这一系列的同一范畴的词语中，可以通过这些词语的一段特征和语义范围推断出生词的词义范围。如：

1).But the captain's courage, perseverance, and powerful will mastered every man on board, and

we went to work again. (意志)

这一段文字中，反映的是船长的积极进取的精神面貌，是船长的勇气、毅力和意志征服大家，才使他们又重新投入排水战斗。

2).In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, church, battle site, theatre and public halls. (建筑物)从这一连串词不难看出mansion的词义.

5.根据生活经验和常识：

1）In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.嫁妆

2)"I don't have any family," said the boy, "I am an orphan." 孤儿

3) Soon the wind had piled snow into drifts.雪堆

【讲解】其实很多生词或熟词僻义都可以根据经验和常识来推测出来，尤其是英英字典，全都是用语言来

解释单词，反过来也可以根据句子来猜测词义，让学生养成动脑子的好习惯。