(完整版)虚拟语气详解

虚拟语气详解

虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。

虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~

（1）be型虚拟（基本是套路）

形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略

用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等

最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟

例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed.

The manager suggested that we (should) work together.

注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句

例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句)

We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句)

只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！

特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子：

We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。

Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。

She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。

She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。

suggest 的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。

2）表示主观看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等

例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now.

It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities.

It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.

依旧是套路，熟悉这些关键提示词即可~

3）表示“恐怕，担心，以免，万一”等，例如：if, lest, in case, for fear that等，后面的从句用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟

注意：这里的if不是引导条件句，而是表示“以防”、“万一”

例：He took his raincoat with him in case it (should) rain.

He took his raincoat with him for fear that he (should) be caught in the rain.

4）be型虚拟还用于表示“祝愿”的特殊结构，通常是May + 主语+ 动词原形例：May you be happy.

几乎不考，了解即可~

（2）were型虚拟（要推时态）

表达与事实情况相反、未曾实现的主观愿望，形式如下：

用法：

1）wish引导的宾语从句，表示“希望”

例：I wish I were a bird. (对现在情况的虚拟)

I wish you came here now. (我希望你现在就来)

I wish that I had passed the final exam. (对过去情况虚拟，实际上未通过考试)

I wish he would/ could come to help me with my paper, but he will go on business next week. (对将来情况虚拟，实际上下周来不了)

注意句子里的时间标志，有时没有时间标志，就需要自行体会~

2）if only引导的感叹句，表示“要是…就好了”

例：If only she were here at this moment. 要是她此刻在这儿就好了。

If only I hadn’t made this mistake. 要是我没犯这个错误就好了。

If only you would / could attend my wedding. 要是你能来参加我的婚礼就好了。（现在也会用过去式表示将来，但是表示将来的不怎么会考，所以无需纠结）