note-taking之速记符号
听写速记 口译笔记速记符号归总
[1].Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2].关于缩略词[3].关于字母和图像[4].用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sum f = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = compare e.g. = example dept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentation subj = subject ind=individual cons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associate biol =biology info=information ach=achievementchem= chemistry max=maximum intro=introduction conc=concentration min=minimum rep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimatebkgd = background gvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amount cont'd = continuedgov't = government educat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examplesfs = frequencies intros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checking estg = establishingdecrg = decreasing exptg = experimentingIf a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name isused again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = and w/ = withw/o = without vs = against\ = therefore = = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same worko = degrees H2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus // parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples: eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketing cus customer cli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the secondsyllable. Examples:subj subject budg budget ind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technology gen'ion generalisation del'y delivery Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associated ach achievement info informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: 省略原音字母bkgd background mvmt movement prblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customers fs frequencies /s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasing ckg checking estblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:in but as key省去非重要的单词Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples:is was were省去不必要的单词Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples:a an theIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at 2 to 4 for & and w/ with w/o without vs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <---> resulting in ---> and / also + equal to / same as = following ff most importantly * less than < greater than > especially esp/ 一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
口译笔记速记符号归总2
口译笔记速记符号归总2下面举例说明听力笔记的一些技巧：1、不要大量记录文字（汉字、单词）——而要使用符号来表示意思（缩写、图形）Eg：“powerful country”记作“强口”，“我同意”记作“I√ ”；“观点，看法一致”记作“⊙ same”，“economic development”记作“经↑”↑表示“上升、快速上升、快速发展、快速上涨等”↓表示“下降、减少、急剧下降、急速下跌等”；↗表示“缓慢上升，缓慢发展、缓慢上涨等”；←表示“返回，倒退等”;→表示“达到，至，导致，前进等”；+表示“加，增加，此外，另外，又加之”；—表示“减少，减”；＞表示“多于，大于，强于”；＜表示“少于，小于，不如”；∵表示“因为，由于”；∴表示“所以，因此”；=表示“等于，相同，与……相同”。
t表示thousand;m表示million;b表示 billion;1st表示first。
2、不要横着写：——而要竖着写，竖起来记有利于保持活意思意思以及数量等信息之间的逻辑界限。
3、逻辑关系要清楚明了——不要记流水帐。
以上是一些通行的的原则。
通行的原则存在，通行的方式却不存在，这是因为每个人的对记录符号的使用可能是多样的，同一事物不同的人可能会使用不同的符号，同一符号在不同的人意识中肯能代表不同的意思。
口译速记技巧口译考试之所以难，在于其长度和规定的限时。
估计很多参加过第二阶段口译考试的考生都有这样的经历，听的时候大意可以听懂，但是由于听时未作任何速记，关键词汇，逻辑关系在听后无法正确归纳，导致最后只能译出第一句或最后一句，而中间部分则完全忽略或遗忘。
真是如此，你是不可能通过口译考试的。
因此，自己在平日练习时一定要把速记归入计划之内。
总体上来说，速记符号主要有以下几类 :A。
保留大写字母或第一音节经济： E 教育： Edu 文化： C 政治： P 科技： ST 卫生： H旅游： T 环境： En 工业： I 农业： AB．简写缩略AFAC ： as far as … is concerned( 就 …… 而言 )LFT ： look forward to ( 期待 )ASAP ： as soon as possible( 尽快 )C．图象⊕ 高兴，同意，满意等，如： happy ， pleased ， satisfied ， agree…◎ 悲伤，生气，不满，不同意等，如：sad ， angry ， irritated ， unsatisfied ， sorrowful ， discomfort ， disagree… ⊙ 会议，如 conference ， meeting ， seminar ， symposium…□ 国家，地区，如：中国：□ C ，俄国：□ RD．符号﹢高兴，男性，同意，增加等，如happy ， male ， agree ， many ， +2=more ， +3=most ， beneficial ， good ， beautiful ， great ， gorgeous…－悲伤，女性，不同意，减少等，如sad ， female ， disagree ， little ， few ， -2=less ， -3=least ， lack of ，short of…√同意，正确等，如： agree ， correct ， right…×不同意，错误等，如： disagree ， incorrect…↑增长，进步等，如： increase ， soar ， mushroom ， rocket ， make progress… ↓下降，退步，恶化等，如 decrease ， sink ， slide ， subside ， plump ， plunge ，drop ， degrade ，deteriorate…＞多于，超过，比 …… 低一级等，如： more than ， greater than ， begger than ，better than ， superior to ， surpass ， transcend ， overtake…＜少于，比 …… 低级等，如： less than ， lower than ， smaller than ， inferior to…～大约，如： approximately ， about ， around ， some ， nearly ， almost ， similar to…／否定，清除，如： clear ， settle ， solve ， tackle ， conquer ， eliminate ，extinct…≠与 …… 不同，如： differ from ， different from ， distinct ， unique…$ 金钱，利益，如： interest ， benefit ， money ， fund ， capital…E．标点? 问题，麻烦，障碍，如： question ， issue ， difficult ， hardship ， barrier ，obstacle…: 主观想法和说辞，如： think ， consider ， speak ， say ， talk ， mark ， announce ，declare ， hope ，例： repeat 或 reaffirm 可以用 :2 来替代，声明支持可以用 + ：来替代，谴责用 - ：。
口译英语速记符号
educat'l = educational Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against
notetaking符号
这是口译专家的手稿。
单词不多，符号多。
、字母、图像（这部分请大家按照自己的习惯灵活处理）Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：J Z。
G表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government,P 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician就可以表示为P ZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业：business。
C×表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和confrontation。
W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。
口译笔记速记符号归总---笔记符号汇总哈1
Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.
ind = individu al cons = conserva tive
Eliminat e final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recogniz able abbrevia tion. assoc = associat e biol = biology info = informat ion ach = achievem ent chem = chemistr y max = maximum intro = introduc tion conc = concentr ation min = minimum rep = repetiti on
Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democrac y lib = liberal cap = capitali sm
Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable . pres = presenta tion subj = subject
高级口译 听力常用 英语缩略 词表
缩略词 原词 APT Apartmen t ACC Accounta nt ACDG Accordin g
口译笔记速记符号归总(三)
口译笔记速记符号归总（三）二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：JZ.C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, ernmental official 可以表示为 CZP 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political.那么politician就可以表示为 PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
G 表示效率：efficient, effective.G为效率符号。
Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业：business.C× 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation. W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ 就可以用来表示worker, 而W（Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee）。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺".如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）, 填入3表示为trilateral（三边的）。
英语听力速记符号总结
1．表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.2．表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3．表示屈服：submit to1．表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.2．表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate1．表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.3．表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of,etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级：more+3表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage ofetc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 1．表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/better than, etc.2．表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 1．表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.2．表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.=1．表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in otherwords，the same as，be equal to, etc.2．表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor,counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠1．表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.2．表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately,etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.APT apartmentACC accountantACDG accordingACPT acceptAD advertisementADS addressADV adviseAMAP as much as possible AMT amountAPV approveASAP as soon as possible BAL balancceBLDG buildingCERT certificateCFM conformCNCL cancelCNF conferenceCMI commissionCMPL completeCMPE competeCMU communication CONC concernCOND conditionCO. companyDEPT departmentDISC discountDRT departure EXCH exchangeEXPLN explainEXT extent一、缩略词（缩略词的写法一般为四种方式）拿掉所有元音MKT marketMGR managerMSG messageSTD standardRCV receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeIOU I owe youI/O In stead of保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerne dCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT Department DISC DiscountDPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS ImpossibleIMP（T）ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS（BL）PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityⅠ箭头→ export to, send to ,cause(导致)，arrive in/at Eg.: 我今天下午到达北京I → BJ at 6:00 pm d.← import, receive(from),come back(from)↑ increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding (↑)↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸) ，dropⅡ数学用符号＋plus, and, in addition to ,further more(而且，此外，更近一步说)Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus＋10tea－minus, lack× wrong, incorrect, bad＞more than, greater, more and more, superior to＜less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to ≥ more than or equal to≤ less than or equal to≠ be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠ Brandy jack 不是Brandy 的对手≈around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500∵ because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to∴ so, thereforeⅢ其它。
听写,Mini-lecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全
听写,Mini-lecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全听写，Mini-lecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全Note-taking symbols and abbreviationsAbbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.1）Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequency2）Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = department3）Use only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalism4）Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservative5）Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimum6）Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = government7） Use an apostrophe in place of letters.am’t = amountcont’d = continuedgov’t = governmenteducat’l = educational8）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductions9）Use g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimenting10）Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.11）Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.12）Leave out unimportant words.13）Leave out the words a and the.14）If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.15）Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against= = is or equal16）Use technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = water17）Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallel18）Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United Kingdom19）Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli client20）Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individual21）To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y delivery22）Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo information23）Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problem24）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratios25）Use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishing26）Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: inbutaskey27）Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswere28）Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aanthe29）If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB30）Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs against31）Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.as a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
速记符号表
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily.A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/二、字母、图像A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
(2021年整理)口译笔记速记符号归总---笔记符号汇总
口译笔记速记符号归总---笔记符号汇总编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（口译笔记速记符号归总---笔记符号汇总）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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口译笔记速记符号归总目录[1］。
Note-taking symbols and abbreviations［2］。
关于缩略词[3］.关于字母和图像［4］。
用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1。
Note—taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time。
Symbols helpful in math —— these are commonly used in texts and references。
S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g。
= exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word。
听写Minilecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全.doc
听写，Mini-lecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全Note-taking symbols and abbreviationsAbbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.1）Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequency2）Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = department3）Use only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalism4）Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservative5）Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimum6）Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = government7） Use an apostrophe in place of letters.am’t = amountcont’d = continuedgov’t = governmenteducat’l = educational8）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductions9）Use g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimenting10）Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.11）Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.12）Leave out unimportant words.13）Leave out the words a and the.14）If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.15）Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against= = is or equal16）Use technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = water17）Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallel18）Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United Kingdom19）Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli client20）Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individual21）To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y delivery22）Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo information23）Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problem24）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratios25）Use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishing26）Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskey27）Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswere28）Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aanthe29）If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB30）Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs against31）Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.as a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
口译速记符号
口译专业速记符号大全！（一）一．缩写词Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelS = sumf = frequencyUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentIT =dept Information Technology departmentUK= United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word.Examples:pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismmar=marketingcus =customercli =clientTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy= technologygen'ion= generalisationdel'y =deliveryam't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: budg= budgetpres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:mvmt= movementppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's'. Examples: custs= customersfs =frequencieschpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inattobutforaskeyifAbbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against∵= because∴= so, therefore= = is or equal@ =at2, →= to4= forTho =though, in spite of, although,尽管Thru =through当：当。
专四听写笔记常用符号和缩略语
笔记常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑ 上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation,promote, upwards）↓ 下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→ 出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为… （export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）← 回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café ← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外；另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc) —减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack, deduct, except, subtract）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（mistake, incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）＞＞大大超过(much greater than, much more than)< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）＜＜远远少于(much less than)= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a rival, a competitor)等意思。
速记符号归总
口译笔记速记符号归总目录[1].Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2].关于缩略词[3].关于字母和图像[4].用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. Y ou may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
note-taking速记
Note-taking 口译速记笔记本大小以自己感觉舒服为准。
笔，建议用按压式的。
Key points :1.少写多划。
划线条比写文字快。
表示动作和动态的词句。
比如，以上升的斜线代表"发展"，"增加"，"进步","进一步"；以下降的斜线代表"减少"，"下降"，"恶化"等等。
表示因果或前后关系的词句。
比如，用一条线代表"因为/所以"，"…之后"，"在…之前"，以体现出上下前后之间的关联关系。
2. 少字多意。
养成一个词的笔记不超过一个字的习惯。
3. 少横多竖。
4. 汉字快速书写。
5. Use as many symbols as you feel comfortable with + 还有,和,此外,而且,以及 - 减少, 不会,没有 = 等于, 相当于 ＞ 大过，超过，优越于 ＜ 少于，小于，比不上 ↓ 减少，下降 ↑ 增加，上升，上报 ↗ 逐步增加 ↘ 逐步下降，减少 → 向前发展e abbreviations “Prof” for “professor”, “dept” for “department”, “std” for “standard”. “ref” for “reference”, “eg” for “for example”, “ie” for “that is”, “esp” for “especially”, “min” for “minimum”, “max” for “maximum”, and “usu” for “usually” cf for compare std standard SH shanghai GDP (gross domestic product), GNP (gross national product), 5yr P (five year plan), SOE (state owned enterprise), FIE (foreign invested enterprise), JV (joint venture), SEZ (special economic zone), trd (trade), invt (investment), respon (responsibility), memo (memorandum), demo (demonstration), Ad (advertisement), TQC (total quality control 全面质量管理), CI (corporate image 企业形象), Attn (attention), dept (department), Exch (exchange), coop (cooperation), prodc (production), ref (reference), info (information), IT indy (information industry), telcom (telecommunication), IDD (international direct dialing), R&D (research and development), CAD( computer assisted design), agrd(agreed). CEO(chief executive officer), Govt(government), FOB （free on board), CIF(cost, insurance, fright)。
笔记速记符号总归纳
笔记速记符号总归纳[1] Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2] 关于缩略词[3] 关于字母和图像[4] 用箭头、数学符号、标点符号来表示一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT Department DISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH Exchange EXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) Important INCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN Minimum MKT Market MSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS Observe OBT ObtainORD Ordinary PAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS Please POSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD Product QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV Receive REF Reference REGL Regular REP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large二、字母、图像Z 表示“人”peo ple/person，因为“Z”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
note-taking之速记符号
常用速记符号1．保留大写字母或第一个音节Agriculture------ABusiness -------- BCulture ---------- CC×-- Conflict, Confrontation Economy-----EcoEducation -- EduIndustry -- IScience & Technology -- STPolitics------PWork, Employ --W⊙会议、开会等：meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，workshop(UK), discussion，symposium○国家，民族，领土country, state, nation, territory, etc.→○进口：import○→出口: exportJ 开心，满意: pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, satisfied, etc.L不满、生气: angry, sad,unsatisfied, discomfort, sorrowful, irritated, etc.K 漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don’t care much, etc.↑增长、进步increase, soar, mushroom, rocket, make progress, ascend…↓下降、退步、恶化decrease, sink, slide, subside, plump, plunge, drop, degrade, deteriorate, descend…←来自于be from/ come from, receive from…,追溯到go back to, date back to…→导致、引导lead to, result in, in the direction of, cause…,到达、传达go into, send to, arrive at, present to, return to…,变成turn to/into, change into, become…! 重点key point☆重要的important，exemplary（模范的）best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.∈属于belong to, be element of, be part of + 多many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++ / +2 "多"的比较级：more+3 “多”的最高级：the most －少: lack ,in short of, be in shortage of ...备注：－2 －3×错误、失误、坏：notorious，negative, etc.√好的: right/good，famous/well-known，etc.同意: stand up for，support, certain/ affirmative, etc＞多于、好于：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than…，超过：superior to，surpass, etc.< 少于: 不如…：inferior to，lower than, etc.= 同等means, that’s to say, in other words, the same as, be equal to，对手 a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.≈/～大约about, around, nearly, almost, similar to, approximately, etc.≠不同：be different from, differ from, distinct,etc.，无敌, 独一无二unique，special，matchless, peerless, ,etc.( ) 在......之间among, within, between, etc. 大约about/around，or so，approximately, etc.∵因为because, due to, atribute to…∴所以so, thus, therefore, as a result, contribute to…/ 否定;消除,消除cross out, eliminate, clear, etc.∥结束end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop…∧转折but, however, yet, though…& 和, 与together with，along with，accompany…：主观的想法和说辞：marks, announce, comment，declare; think, consider, wish, hope重复，重申：2 Repeat, reaffirm ，声明，支持，称赞+：support，stand by，praise, acclaim; commend －：谴责，批评accuse，condemn; blame; censure; denounce，criticize问题，麻烦，障碍question，difficulty, hardship, barrier, obstacle 如：台湾问题tw?.时间前后yesterday------.dtomorrow------d.last year -------.ynext year –y.two years later ，two month ago，next week last week------------2y.，.2m wk.，→export to，send to ，cause，arrive in/at Eg.: 我下午到达北京I →BJ at 6:00 pm d. ←import，receive，come back↑increase，rise develop，promote，grow，expandEg.: this company keep expanding↓decrease，decline，bomb . ，0drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .＋plus，and，in addition to ，further more Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending5stus＋10tea－minus，lack×wrong，incorrect，bad＞more than，greater，more and more，superior to＜less than，smaller，fewer，inferior to ≥more than or equal to≤less than or equal to≠be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠Brandy jack 不是 . Brandy 的对手≈around，almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500∵because of，owing to ，due to ，thanks to∴so，therefore。
笔记符号和缩写
Note taking1.Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am’t= amountcont’d= continuedgov’t= governmenteducat’l= educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = water1b/ exercise:Establish a set of symbols or abbreviations for the following words:CountryImportExportGovernmentPolicyEconomySocietyEnergyEnvironmentNegotiaionsDebatePowerCenturyMonthWeekConferenceControlDecisionDivisionSay, affirm, declare, state etc. Think, deem, conceive, etc. WantMust, have toNeedChangeAgree, approve of Disagree, rejectIncrease, rise, go up Deacrease, fall, go down MeasureDecideDivideTypeDependIndependenceAgreementPlan, programMarketWorldLevelExampleCause, reasonEffect, consequencePopulationIndustryImportantTreatyStateDevelopmentTransportSectorPriceCommittee, commissionCompetitionExpenditure,IncomeResourceProductionOrganizationMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples: + plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples: eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than >especially esp一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP:important,ASAP:as soon as possible。
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)之欧阳治创编
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequency Leave out periods in standardabbreviations.cf = comparee.g . = exampledept = departm ent Use only the first syllable of aword.pol = politicsdem = d emocracylib = liberalcap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of2ndsyllable.pres = presentationsu bj = subjectind = individualcons = conservative Elimina te final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associate biol = biologyinfo = infor mationach = achievementche m = chemistrymax = maxi mumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = mini mumrep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give arecognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimateb kgd = backgroundgvt = go vernment Use an apostrophe in place ofletters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = govern menteducat'l = educationalFo rm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = exa mplesfs = frequenciesintros= introductions Use g to represent ingendings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decrea singexptg = experimenting S pell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, andkey. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the. If a term,phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw /o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equal Use technical symbolswhereapplicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = wa terMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the firstsyllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'iongeneralisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol orabbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words.Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term,phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. Youmay wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also+equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP:as soon as possible。
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常用速记符号1．保留大写字母或第一个音节Agriculture------ABusiness -------- BCulture ---------- CC×-- Conflict, Confrontation Economy-----EcoEducation -- EduIndustry -- IScience & Technology -- STPolitics------PWork, Employ --W⊙会议、开会等：meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，workshop(UK), discussion，symposium○国家，民族，领土country, state, nation, territory, etc.→○进口：import○→出口: exportJ 开心，满意: pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, satisfied, etc.L不满、生气: angry, sad,unsatisfied, discomfort, sorrowful, irritated, etc.K 漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don’t care much, etc.↑增长、进步increase, soar, mushroom, rocket, make progress, ascend…↓下降、退步、恶化decrease, sink, slide, subside, plump, plunge, drop, degrade, deteriorate, descend…←来自于be from/ come from, receive from…,追溯到go back to, date back to…→导致、引导lead to, result in, in the direction of, cause…,到达、传达go into, send to, arrive at, present to, return to…,变成turn to/into, change into, become…! 重点key point☆重要的important，exemplary（模范的）best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.∈属于belong to, be element of, be part of + 多many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++ / +2 "多"的比较级：more+3 “多”的最高级：the most －少: lack ,in short of, be in shortage of ...备注：－2 －3×错误、失误、坏：notorious，negative, etc.√好的: right/good，famous/well-known，etc.同意: stand up for，support, certain/ affirmative, etc＞多于、好于：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than…，超过：superior to，surpass, etc.< 少于: 不如…：inferior to，lower than, etc.= 同等means, that’s to say, in other words, the same as, be equal to，对手 a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.≈/～大约about, around, nearly, almost, similar to, approximately, etc.≠不同：be different from, differ from, distinct,etc.，无敌, 独一无二unique，special，matchless, peerless, ,etc.( ) 在......之间among, within, between, etc. 大约about/around，or so，approximately, etc.∵因为because, due to, atribute to…∴所以so, thus, therefore, as a result, contribute to…/ 否定;消除,消除cross out, eliminate, clear, etc.∥结束end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop…∧转折but, however, yet, though…& 和, 与together with，along with，accompany…：主观的想法和说辞：marks, announce, comment，declare; think, consider, wish, hope重复，重申：2 Repeat, reaffirm ，声明，支持，称赞+：support，stand by，praise, acclaim; commend －：谴责，批评accuse，condemn; blame; censure; denounce，criticize问题，麻烦，障碍question，difficulty, hardship, barrier, obstacle 如：台湾问题tw?.时间前后yesterday------.dtomorrow------d.last year -------.ynext year –y.two years later ，two month ago，next week last week------------2y.，.2m wk.，→export to，send to ，cause，arrive in/at Eg.: 我下午到达北京I →BJ at 6:00 pm d. ←import，receive，come back↑increase，rise develop，promote，grow，expandEg.: this company keep expanding↓decrease，decline，bomb . ，0drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .＋plus，and，in addition to ，further more Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending5stus＋10tea－minus，lack×wrong，incorrect，bad＞more than，greater，more and more，superior to＜less than，smaller，fewer，inferior to ≥more than or equal to≤less than or equal to≠be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠Brandy jack 不是 . Brandy 的对手≈around，almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500∵because of，owing to ，due to ，thanks to∴so，therefore。
people or personEg.: 中国人和美国人中°＆US °⊙meeting，conference，negotiation□ .state，countryEg.：2个国家2□＆and△ .stand for，on behalf ofEg.:我代表你I △U︰say，speak，tell，think.Eg.:我想说我爱你I 想︰I .U question，doubt，confusion.Eg.: 我有个问题想问你。
I have ？︰ask U"1) opinion，ideas.Eg.: 就这个问题，我想说几点。
I 想︰几".2）Eg.:我去年来北京了。
I 来BJ "y注：年year 月month 日day去年"y 明年 . y" 前年︰y 后年y ︰！draw attentionEg.:信件结尾所用之best wishes→U！！！includingEg.: 有5个人参加了这次会议，包括我。
Five 。
→⊙ThousandMillionBillion高级口译训练专题(Note taking)通常长期记忆训练都是找人给你做一段5-6分钟的speech不依靠任何笔记，完全大脑记忆。
之后马上复述出来。
随着进度这个时间可以增长。
在最初阶段注意抓住整体，总体内容，联系。
慢慢的可以试着尽可能得来抓小的细节。
其实这个跟presentation差不多，但这个更有针对性。
symbol for note－taking+ 还有,和,此外,而且,以及- 减少, 不会,没有= 等于, 相当于＞大过，超过，优越于＜少于，小于，比不上↓减少，下降↑增加，上升，上报↗逐步增加↘逐步下降，减少→向前发展∴所以，于是∵因为，由于√正确，同意，好∽调换，对调，交流ⅹ错误，不行，没有‖停止，停泻□国家⊙国内□•国外w world! 注意，警惕疑问，问题，试验性--- 下划线表示强调。
高级口译笔记——数字口译数字翻译是口译中的一大难关，数字之所以难译，其中一个主要原因在于英语和汉语对于四位数以上的数字的表达，有不同的段位概念和分段方法。
英语数字以每三位数为一段位，而汉语则以每四位数为一段位。
一、英汉数字分段方法英语数字分段方法第一段位 one ten hundred第二段位 thousand ten thousand hundred thousand 第三段位 million ten million hundred million 第四段位 billion ten billion hundred billion 第五段位 trillion汉语数字分段方法第一段位个十百千第二段位万十万百万千万第三段位亿十亿百亿千亿第四段位兆如果我们将英汉数字对照排列的话，可以清楚地体会到分段差异给译员带来的困难。
阿拉伯数字英语汉语1 one 一10 ten 十100 one hundred 一百1,000 one thousand 一千10,000 ten thousand 一万100,000 one hundred thousand 十万1,000,000 one million 一百万10,000,000 ten million 一千万100,000,000 one hundred million 一亿1,000,000,000 one billion 十亿10,000,000,000 ten billion 一百亿100,000,000,000 one hundred billion 一千亿1,000,000,000,000 one trillion 一兆（万亿）二、数字的读法规则以一组13位数字为单位的阿拉伯数字1234567891234为位，面用英语和汉语表达时，前者按下标分段记号（，）为单位朗读，后者按下标分段记号（’）为单位朗读。