外研版英语必修一知识点归纳精品资料

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外研版英语必修一知识点归纳

第一单元

第一部分词汇短语过关

1. __________ adj. 热心的,热情的→enthusiasm n. 热心;热情

2. ________ adj. 令人惊异的→ _______ v. 使吃惊→

________ adj. 感到吃惊的→ amazement n. 惊愕,惊异

3. __________ n. 信息→ inform vt. 通知,告知

4. __________ n. 指示,用法说明→ instruct v. 教导,命令,指示

5. ______ adj. 令人厌烦的→ _______ adj. (对某人/事物)厌倦的,烦闷的→ ______ vt. 使厌烦

6. ___________ adj. 尴尬的,难堪的→ __________ v. 使困窘,使局促不安→ _____________ adj. 令人为难的→ embarrassment n. 窘迫;为难

7. __________ n. 行为,举止→behave v. 举动,举止

8. __________ n. 描述;形容;描写→ describe vt. 描写,记述

9. _______ vt. 使(人)印象深刻;使铭记→ __________ n. 印象,感想→ impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的

10. __________ n.纠正,改正→correct adj.正确的→ _______ v.改正,纠正,批改

11. __________ v. 鼓励,激励→ __________ adj. 鼓舞人心的→ ___________ adj. 受到鼓舞的,更有信心的→ encouragement n. 鼓励,奖励

12.enjoyment n. 享受,乐趣→ _______ v. 享受,喜欢→ ________ adj. 令人愉快的,有乐趣的13.fluency n. 流利,流畅→ _______ adj. 流利的,流畅的

14. _____________ adj. 失望的→ ______________ adj. 使人失望的,令人失望的→ disappoint vt. 使失望→ _____________ n. 失望

15. _________ n. 助手,助理→ assist v.帮助

短语检测

1.与……相似

2.某人对(做)某事的态度3.离……远,远非

4.一点不像,与……完全不同5.玩得很开心

6.起初,一开始

7.换句话说8.期待;盼望9.对……印象深刻10.在……开始的时候11.在……结束的时候12.被(划)分成……13.参加

14.课外活动

第二部分语法精讲

一.because,since,as,for,because of的区别(语气由强到弱)

(1) because 表示的原因是必然的因果关系,语气最强,通常放在主句之后,有时也放在主句之前。

(2) 回答why 提出的问题,只能用because, 不能用其余三者。如:

A:Why can’t I go?我为什么不能去?

B:Because you are too young. 因为你太年轻了。

(3) because 引导的从句可用于强调句,其余三者不能。哪:

It’s because he is kind that we like him.

是因为他对人友好,我们才喜欢他。

(4) because 从句可用表语,其余三者不能。如:

This is because the earth is travelling round the sun.

这是因为地球在围绕太阳转。

(5) not… because 这一结构中的not 有时否定主句,有时否定从句,一般应根据句子的意思作出正确的(合逻辑的)理解。若not 否定主句,最好在because 之前用逗号,否则容易引起歧义:

I didn’t go because I was afraid.

1) 我没有去是因为我怕。

2) 我不因为怕才去。

不过若because 之前有just 修饰,一般认为not 只能否定从句。如:

You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 不要因为有些人说你的坏话而生气。(6) 表示“……的原因是因为……”这一意义时,一般要用The reason why…is that…。如:

The reason why he cannot come is that he is ill. 他不能来的原因是(因为)他病了。

注:在阅读中有时也可见到The reason why...is because...这样的说法,但比较少见。

2. 关于since 和as

(1) since和as表示的原因是人们所知的,是对已知事实提供理由,而不表示直接原因。since比as语气稍强,且比as略为正式,两者通常都放在主句之前,有时也放在主句之后。如:

Since you feel tired, you should rest. 既然你感到累了,你应该休息。

As he was not will, I decided to go without him. 因为你身体不好,我决定独自去。

(2) since 可用于省略句,而其它三者不能。如:

Since so, there is no more to be said. 既然如此,就再没有什么好说的了

(3) since “因为,既然” 侧重主句,主句表示显然的或已知的理由。强调说话者和听者双方都知道的原因,常译为“既然”,一般用在这样的句子里。例如:

Since we've got a few minutes to wait for the train, let's have a cup of coffee.

(4) as 是从属连词,说明一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句通常放在句首,有时也可放在句末。

例如:As it is raining, you'd better take a taxi.

天下雨了,你最好乘出租车。

3. 关于for

(1) for是并列连词(其作三者为从属连词),它有时可表示因果关系(只能放在主句之后,且可与because换用),有时不表示因果关系,而是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断(也只能放在主句之后,但不能与because换用)。如:

The ground is wet, for (或because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨。

It rained last night, for (不能用because) the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚下过雨,(你看)今天早上地面都是湿的。

(2) for “因为,由于”表明附加或推断的理由,引导的分句前常有逗号。for分句不放句首.是用来附带解释或说明前一分句的原因和理由。例如:

Day breaks, for the cock crows.

It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.

I won't go in, for my father is there.

(5)because of是介词短语,在句子作状语,后面只能跟名词,代词,或者what引导的从句。

Because of my bad leg ,I couldn’t walk so fast as the others.由于我的腿坏了我不能像其他人走得那么快。

置于句首做状语但用逗号与其他部分分开

Because of his wife’s being there, I said nothing about it.因为他妻子在场我对此事只字未提。(接-ing分词)He realized that she was crying because of what he had said.他意识到她在哭是因为他说的那些话。(接what从句)

练习:用because,since,as,for,because of填空

1.Why do you like the teacher?----_________he is kind and enthusiastic.

2.It was _____ his mother was ill that he came to school late this morning.

3._____it is hot,let’s go swimming

4.Parents should take seriously their children’ requests for sunglasses_______eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.

5.______he can’t answer the question,you’d better ask someone else.

6.He realized that the teacher was angry _______what he had said.

7.________I haven’t seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it.

8.The days are short,for ________it is now December.

改错

1.They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.

2.Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.

二.be similar to:与......相似

The weather of Beijing is similar to that of New York北京的天气与纽约的天气很相似

Be different from与...不同。

Their tastes are different from mine他们的爱好与我的不同。

(1)Your views on education are similar _____mine.

A in

B to

C from

D with

(2)I saw no difference in Paris. It’s just like our Shanghai.

A similar

B likely

C like

D same

be similar in在...方面相似The two house are similar in size.

翻译:

(1)她在很多方面与她妈妈相似

(2)他的外套和你的相似。

三..–ed形容词和–ing形容词的用法区别

传统的观点许多参考书认为:-ing形容词与表示事物的名词连用,-ed形容词与表示人的名词连用。此说法在很多情况下是可行的,但表述欠准确,在许多情况下却是不可靠的。如-ing 形容词用于人的情况就比比皆是:假若你的老师说话幽默、讲课生动,那么不仅他的课非常interesting,而且你会说他是一个interesting man(有趣的人)。

比较:

I’m interested in interesting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。

He was worried about his worrying son. 他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。

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