英国文学练习题Part 4

Part Four18th Century LiteratureI.Define the following terms.Three unities:The unity of action (all the action of the work must occur within one continuance plot without extraneous subplot), the unity of time(all the action of the work must occur within 24 hours, or one whole day), and the unity of place( all the action of the work must occur in one place or city)Satire: A literary art of diminishing a subject by making it ridiculous and evoking towards it attitudes of amusement, contempt, scorn or indignation.(Gulliver’s Travel s is a typical example of showing satire towards the entire human race)Picaresque novel:A basically realistic and often satiric work of fiction chronicling the career of an engaging, lower-class rogue-hero, who takes to the road for a series of loose, episodic adventures, sometimes in the company of a sidekick. (Tom Jones, Don Quixote, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)Gothic novel: Also Gothic novel. Story of terror and suspense, usually et in a gloomy old castle or monastery.Graveyard school of poetry:A group of 18th century English poet who emphasized subjectivity, mystery, and melancholy. Death, mortality(immortality)and gloom were frequent subjects or elements of their meditative poems, which ere set in graveyards.( Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyards”)Neoclassicism: A style of literature, whose members looked to the great classical writers for inspiration and guidance. They believed that literature should both instruct and delight, and the proper subject of art was humanity. Neoclassicism stressed rules, reason, harmony, balance, restraint, decorum, order, serenity, realism and form, an appeal to the intellect rather than emotion.(John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Samuel Johnson)II.Fill in the blanks1.Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyards”is taken as a model ofsentimental poetry, esp. the graveyard school.2.In Jerusalem, William Blake expounded his theory of imagination, asserting that theworld of imagination is the world of eternity.3.“ Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,And the roacks melt wi’ the sun:I will luve thee still, my dear,While the sands of life shall run”The above lines are taken from the famous poem “My Luve’s Like a Red, Red, Rose”.4.Friday is a character in the novel Robinson Crusoe.5.Henry Fielding is called the Father of the English Novels.6.The 18th century is known as the age of enlightenment or the age of reason.7.In Gulliver’s Travels, Yahoos are the creatures living in Houyhnynms.III.Choose the best answer.1.Of all the 18th century novelists, ___ was the first to set out in theory and practice, towrite specially a “comic epic in prose”, and the first to give the modern novel itsstructure and style.A. Daniel DefoeB. Samuel RichardsonC. Henry FieldingD. Oliver Goldsmith2.___- is the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman,-- Dictionary of theEnglish Language, which has become the foundation of all subsequent English dictionary.A. Samuel JohnsonB. Laurence SterneC. Oliver GoldsmithD. Samuel Richardson3.Modern English novel arose in the ____ century.A. 16thB. 17thC. 18thD. 19th4.In William Blake’s poetry, the father (and any in whom he saw the image of the fathersuch as God, priest, and king) was usually a figure of____.A. benevolenceB. admirationC. loveD. tyranny5.____ was a progressive intellectual movement going on throughout Europe in the 18thcentury.A. The RenaissanceB. Puritan MovementC. Romantic MovementD. The Enlightenment6.Which of the following place does Gulliver visit first in Gulliver’s Travels?A. LilliputB. BrobdingnagC. LaputaD. Houyhnhnms7.Which of the following is NOT true about Robinson Crusoe?A.It is written in the autobiographical form.B.It is a record of Defoe’s own experiences.C.Robinson spends 28 years of isolated life on the island.D.It is set in the middle of the 17th century.8.In the 18th century, ____ found its expression chiefly in poetry, especially that of WilliamBlake and Robert Burns.A. neoclassicismB. realismC. sentimentalismD. pre-romanticism9.Many of Burn s’songs deal with friendship.____ has long become a universalparting-song of all the English speaking countries.A. A Red, Red RoseB. Auld Lang SyneC. My Heart’s in the HighlandsD. John Anderson, My Jo10.The rise and growth of _____ is the most prominent achievement of the 18th centuryEnglish literature, which has given the world such writers as Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, and Henry Fielding.A. neoclassical poetryB. realistic novelC. sentimental novelD. Gothic novelment on William Blake’s Songs of Innocenc e and Songs of Experience.Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings. Using a language which even babies can learn by heart, Blake expresses his delight in the sun, the hills, the streams, the insects and the flowers, in the innocence of the child and of the lamb. Here everything seems to be in harmony.Songs of Experience pains a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war, and repression with a melancholy tone. The poet’s eyes are opened to the evils and vices of the world. A number of poems are pervaded with the atmosphere of intense sorrow and sadness, especially for children.A number of poems in Songs of Innocence are either rewritten or revised in Songs ofExperience, with the result that the joyful atmosphere or the harmonious ending is in each case changed into a bitter mood or a sad story. For example, the two “The Chimney Sweepers”.V.What does Robert Burns’ poetry mainly deal with?1.The themes of love and friendship.2.Scottish life, especially the rural life of the Scottish peasants.(“My Heart’s in theHighlands”)3.Attitudes towards political liberty and social equality, especially those under theinfluence of the French Revolution.( “For A’ That and A’ That”).4.Satirical verse, exposing the hypocrisy of the rich, the bigotry of the church and otherevils.VI.Why is Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe regarded as one of the forerunners of the English realistic novel?Crusoe’s stories are all real concerns of its author’s time: people in their struggle to overcome the natural or social environment. The novel has a very strong verisimilitude. To convince the reader of the truth of his story, Defoe adopts the autobiographical form and makes full use of his long trained journalistic skill by describing things in great detail and by using specific time and space.VII.Analyze Gulliver’s Travels to illustrate the use of satire in it.It is a satire on the whole English society of the early 18th century, touching upon the political, religious, legal, military, scientific, philosophical as well as literary institutions, about almost every aspect of the society. It brings to light the wickedness of the then English society, with its tyranny, its political intrigues and corruption, its aggressive wars and colonialism etc.For example, in Chapter four, Gulliver is in a country where horses are possessed of reason, and are the governing class, while Yahoos, though in the shape of men, are brute beast with such vices as stealing and lying. This part involves the ruthless moral exposure of humanity and the bitter satire of the English society.。