韦氏音标讲解旗舰版(原创超详细巨无霸哦)

合集下载

韦氏音标讲解旗舰版(原创超详细巨无霸哦)

韦氏音标讲解旗舰版(原创超详细巨无霸哦)详细讲解韦氏音标与国际音标或KK音标的区别、对照,以及每个音的发音要点。

独家原创,盗版必究哦~哈哈~在沪江有配全套的音频讲解。

韦氏音标对照发音by babylonsky from hujiang详细讲解韦氏音标与国际音标或KK音标的区别、对照,以及每个音的发音要点。

独家原创,盗版必究哦~哈哈~在沪江有配全套的音频讲解。

而美音的音是没英音的/:/那么长的，口型也有所区别)úü或u u:e这个记得不要发成“乌”或“哦”~ 不要发成“乌―”或“哦―” 。

相比较于“乌” /ü , / 的嘴唇不需要很突出，只要稍稍向前即可，口型开口略大。

美音的/e/要比英音的口型稍大一点，音长稍长一点这个不要发成“衣”哦~还有很多英音当中的结尾音节是/i/的，韦氏中也是标成/ē/的，不过发音其实put, sugar, pull, full, look, good food, pool, boot, lose, who,two, blue, do pen, yes, spell, friend, parenteēi:差不多啦，美音本来也没把长短音像英音那样区分得明显。

美国人更倾向于把长短元音分别称为tense vowels 和lax vowels,以发音时面部肌肉的紧张程度来给元音分类。

美音的/a/要比英音的口型稍小一点，音长比较长参见前面的解说。

一般发这个音的是原英音中发each, easy, tree, country, marry variousaat, ash, pat:成/ /的音，没有英音的/:/那么硬，也没那么长，口型主要是上下开口比较大，左右咧开没有英音那么大。

āmop, policy, sorry, hot, fatherei美音的ā 没有像英音那样有从 e 滑到i 的双元音感觉英音中发成/:/的并且带了字母r 的在美音中都是发成带卷舌的/r/take, make, safe park, smart, car, heart murder, earth, curse, merge or, short, four, floor, war town, down, found, how kitten, button, martin, mountain, curtainr:(r) :(r) 或:(r) :(r)r英音中发成/ :/的并且带了字母r 的在美音中都是发成带卷舌的/ r/ 英音中发成/ :/的并且带了字母r 的在美音中都是发成带卷舌的/ r/ 美音的aú是+ú 很特殊的音！号称鼻腔爆破音，还是比较形象的。

韦氏音标(来自韦氏词典)

Guide to Pronunciation
Pronunciation is not an intrinsic component of the dictionary. For some languages, such as Spanish, Swahili, and Finnish, the correspondence between orthography and pronunciation is so close that a dictionary need only spell a word correctly to indicate its pronunciation. Modern English, however, displays no such consistency in sound and spelling, and so a dictionary of English must devote considerable attention to the pronunciation of the language. The English lexicon contains numerous eye rhymes such as love, move, and rove, words which do not sound alike despite their similar spellings. On the other hand, it also contains rhyming words such as breeze, cheese, ease, frieze, and sleaze whose rhymes are all spelled differently. This grand mismatch between words that look al

韦氏拼音法

韦氏拼音法
韦氏拼音法：威妥玛式拼音法（Wade-Giles romanization）又称威妥玛－翟理思式拼音，简称威氏拼音法。

它是1867年开始的，由英国人威妥玛（Thomas Francis Wade，1818年—1895年，今天的习惯应该翻译成托玛斯·韦德）等人合编的注音规则，叫“威氏拼音”。

威妥玛曾于1871年任英国驻华公使，1883年回国。

1888年起在剑桥大学任教授，讲授汉语，直至1895年逝世。

他以罗马字母为汉字注音，创立威氏拼音法。

后来H.A.Giles稍加修订，合称WG威氏拼音法（Wade-Giles System）。

它的最大优点是利用送气符号（‘）来表示送气的声母。

威玛氏音标，在1958年中国推广汉语拼音方案前广泛被用于人名、地名注音，影响较大。

1958年后，逐渐废止。

中国大陆除了少数需要保持文化传统的场合外，基本不用，除一些已成习用的专有名词如I-ching（易经）、Tai-chi（太极）仍保留威妥玛拼音以外（注意北京大学、清华大学、苏州大学等英文名为邮政式拼音，中山大学为粤语拼音（Sun Yat-Sen，孙逸仙），都不是威妥玛拼音，当然邮政拼音以威妥玛拼音为基础在简化送气符的基础上加上晚清的西方惯用音形成，二者易被一般民众混淆），而大多数地名、人名已使用汉语拼音。

中国晚清至1958年汉语拼音方案公布前，中国和国际上流行的中文拼音方案。

这个方案被普遍用来拼写中国的人名、地名等，一般称为威妥玛式拼音。

威妥玛式拼音，虽然保持了接近英文拼法的一些特点，但是并不完全迁就英文的拼写习惯。

原创分享美音详解分析

原创分享】韦氏音标系列课程，七天搞定标准美语发音（完结）楼主babylonsky2013-02-19 20:24只看楼主回复(138) 查看(6120)已收藏771~宝贝龙又来忽悠精华啦~韦氏词典绝对是我们学习标准美语发音的经典神器啊！可是看着奇形怪状的韦氏音标是不是很头疼，让你对这件神器的使用望而却步呢？别担心，跟着这个系列课程的步伐，只需要每天花上半个小时左右的时间，短短一周就能让你精通韦氏音标和标准的美语发音哦~是不是很期待呢？那就跟宝贝龙进入课程的学习吧！这个课程主要是配合宝贝龙目前在做的听写酷的VOA模仿秀来做的，本来打算直接放在节目里的，无奈节目功能有限，附件什么的都没法放，所以在论坛里单开一贴，方便放上课程相关的资料附件供大家下载。

课程会进行一周一更新，附件内容也是随课程需要实时更新的，所以大家每次学习新内容前看一下有没有新的附件资料供下载。

每节内容大概在15分钟左右，现在预计的课件数在7个左右，因为还在持续的制作中，所以在全部更新完之前就是随我主持节目的频率一周一更新（每周三的慢V，会在每周二晚上9:00之前更新。

）精力有限，不能一下子把所有内容一下子做好传上来，请大家谅解啦~不过正好可以多巩固练习嘛~ 所有内容都是自己做的，从文字资料到音频文件，虽然经过反复的考证和修改，虫子可能还是在所难免的，所以请各位大神各路大虾们一起来帮忙捉捉虫子，帮助我完善这个课程以造福广大沪民吧！继续做节目广告（学完音标后就去咱的节目，绝对也能成你美音学习的神器之一~）：慢V模仿秀：/menu/11885/标V模仿秀：/menu/11921/ Chapter 0：韦氏词典的安装与使用简介讲解音频：1相关资料：《韦氏词典合集》豪华语音绿色免安装版.rar（到附件里下载，里面是个bt种子~）Chapter 1：元音音标（一）əόōiī讲解音频：1例词练习：1.1相关资料：1.2韦氏音标国际音标美语发音要点例词əʌ/ ə英式英语中这两个音的发音有明显差别，但是美音中虽然在语言学上区别对待，但是发音相同，被称为shwa（非中央元音）。

韦氏音标

韦氏音标对照发音üu:不要发成“乌—”或“哦—”。

相比较于“乌”，/ü/的嘴唇不需要很突出，只要稍稍向前即可，口型开口略大。

food, pool, boot,lose, who, two,blue, doe e美音的/e/要比英音的口型稍大一点，音长稍长一点pen, yes, spell, friend, parentēi:这个不要发成“衣”哦~还有很多英音当中的结尾音节是/i/的，韦氏中也是标成/ē/的，不过发音其实差不多啦，美音本来也没把长短音像英音那样区分得明显。

美国人更倾向于把长短元音分别称为tensevowels 和lax vowels，以发音时面部肌肉的紧张程度来给元音分类。

each, easy, tree,country, marryvariousaæ美音的/a/要比英音的口型稍小一点，音长比较长at, ash, patäɑ:参见前面ό的解说。

一般发这个音的是原英音中发成/ɔ/的音，没有英音的/ɑ:/那么硬，也没那么长，口型主要是上下开口比较大，左右咧开没有英音那么大。

mop, policy,sorry, hot, fatherāei美音的ā没有像英音那样有从e滑到i的双元音感觉take, make, safeär ɑ:(r)英音中发成/ɑ:/的并且带了字母r的在美音中都是发成带卷舌的/är/park, smart, car,heartər ɜ:(r)或ə:(r)英音中发成/ə:/的并且带了字母r的在美音中都是发成带卷舌的/ər/murder, earth,curse, mergeόr ɔ:(r)英音中发成/ɔ:/的并且带了字母r的在美音中都是发成带卷舌的/όr/or, short, four,floor, waraúaʊ美音的aú是æ+útown, down,found, how很特殊的音！号称鼻腔爆破音，还是比较形象的。

韦氏拼音文档

韦氏拼音简介韦氏拼音是一种英语音标系统，由词典编纂者丹尼尔·卡曼·韦伯斯特（Daniel Cameron Webster）在19世纪初开发。

它以拉丁字母为基础，通过音标符号来表示英语中的音素。

发展历程韦氏拼音最早出现在1828年的《美国英语词典》中，作为一种辅助发音的工具。

这个词典由韦伯斯特亲自编纂，对于当时缺乏统一发音标准的英语，韦氏拼音提供了一种简单明确的规范。

随着时间的推移，韦氏拼音逐渐被其他词典所采用，并成为美国学校教育中的标准。

后来，在国际语言学界广泛运用的国际音标也吸收了一些韦氏拼音的元素，并逐步发展成为今天大家熟知的国际音标系统。

拼音规则韦氏拼音采用了拉丁字母的大部分字母，同时添加一些特定符号来表示特殊音素。

下面是韦氏拼音中的一些基本规则：1.元音音素：韦氏拼音使用了5个元音字母，分别是a、e、i、o和u，分别表示/a/、/ɛ/、/ɪ/、/ɔ/和/ʊ/这五个音素。

2.辅音音素：大部分辅音字母在韦氏拼音中和其英语字母形式一样，如/b/、/d/、/f/等。

但也有一些例外，如/th/表示/θ/，/sh/表示/ʃ/，/tsh/表示/tʃ/等。

3.重音符号：韦氏拼音使用撇号'来表示重音符号，放在重读的音节上。

4.韦氏拼音中的符号和标记：韦氏拼音还使用了一些特殊符号和标记来表示一些特殊的音素和发音规则，如长元音音素的标记ː、连读音的标记̯等。

应用领域韦氏拼音主要用于美国英语的教学和学术研究中。

它提供了一种方便理解和学习英语发音的方式，帮助学习者准确地发音，并规范了演讲和口语教学的音标标准。

此外，韦氏拼音也在其他语言教学中得到一定的应用，尤其是对于那些初学者来说，可以通过韦氏拼音来帮助他们理解语音的运作方式。

在语言学研究中，韦氏拼音作为一种音标系统，被用于研究和描述不同语言中的音素和音系，并与其他音标系统进行对比分析。

结语韦氏拼音的出现为英语教学和学术研究提供了重要的工具。

英语KK、DJ和webster标准音标

Phonetic Symbols音标是念出来的,不是写出来的,也不是看出来的.李阳提到过,美国人到中国来,吓了一条,他们不知道他们的音标是被那样标出来的,我们却比他们习惯的多!日本现在都还在用他们的母语来引导发音,所以,他们的发音,是亚洲最差的之一,经常和印度的争那个冠军,^_^!就是美国,各种标法也不尽然相同.美国还有黑人英语呢,南方口音也为北方所嘲笑.所以,我认为,你认定一本教材,把音标练好,可以行遍天下,真的.音标有几种How many “Phonetic Symbols”are there?音标的种类繁多，美国有美国的音标(KK音标)，英国有英国的音标(DJ音标)，在英国还有牛津、剑桥自己出的音标，加上近期访间出版的韦氏音标、新国际音标…，因此就出现了张三音标、李四音标，版本非常的多。

在众多版本中，使用较普遍的有英英的DJ 音标和IPA音标, 以及美英的KK 音标.1.国际音标International Phonetic Alphabet，简称IPA 。

原义是“国际语音字母”，1888年，由英国的H~斯维斯特倡议，由法国的P~帕西和英国的D~琼斯等人完成, 现通行的是1979年修订的方案。

由国际语音协会制定。

IPA[国际音标]单元音：[i:] [i] [e] [æ] [a:] [כ][כ:] [u] [u:] [۸] [ə:] [ə]双元音：[ei] [ai] [כi] [əu][au] [iə] [εə] [uə]辅音：[p] [b] [t] [d][k] [g] [f] [v][s] [z] [θ] [δ][∫] [з] [t∫] [dз][tr] [dr] [ts] [dz][m] [n] [ŋ] [h][l] [r] [w] [j]2．DJ音标 Daniel Jones Phonetic Symbol，简称DJ。

DJ音标作者是Daniel Jones 。

他根据IPA编了一本英国英语的发音辞典English Pronouncing Dictionary（第1版至第12版，最后一版的出版时间为1963）。

韦氏音标AND英语国际音标对比及单词示例(韦氏音标)

韦氏音标AND英语国际音标表大全一、元音（20个）发音时气流在通路不受发音器官的阻碍单元音12个韦氏 [ē] [] [ü] [ər] [är] [a]国标 [i:] [ɔ:] [U:] [ə:] [ɑ:] [æ]eat ball food dirt farm bad韦氏 [i-ē] [ä] [] [ə] [ə] [e]国标 [ɪ] [ɒ] [ʊ] [ə] [ʌ] [e]bit fond food ago bus best双元音8个韦氏 [ī] [ā] [i] [ir]国标 [aɪ] [eɪ] [ɔɪ] [ɪə]buy date boy dear韦氏 [er] [r] [ō] [a]国标 [eə] [ʊə] [əʊ] [aʊ]air sure code how二、辅音（26个）发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍轻辅音韦氏 [p] [t] [k] [f] [th] [s] [sh-k] [ch] [ts] [tr] 国标 [p] [t] [k] [f] [θ] [s] [ʃ] [tʃ] [ts] [tr]浊辅音韦氏 [b] [d] [g] [v] [th] [z] [zh] [j] [dz] [dr]国标 [b] [d] [g] [v] [ð] [z] [ʒ] [dʒ] [dz] [dr]鼻音韦氏 [m] [n] [ŋ]国标 [m] [n] [ŋ]边音韦氏 [h] [r] [y] [w]国标 [h] [r] [j] [w]舌侧音韦氏 [l]国标 [l]半元音韦氏 [y] [w] 国标 [j] [w]其他分法1、前元音 4个韦氏 [ē] [i-ē] [e] [a]国际 [i:] [ɪ] [e] [æ]2、中元音3个韦氏 [ər] [ə] [ə]国际 [ə:] [ə] [ʌ]3、后元音5个韦氏 [är] [ä] [] [] [ü] 国际 [ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [ʊ] [U:]4、合口双元音5个韦氏 [ī] [i] [ā] [a] [ō] 国际 [aɪ] [ɔɪ] [eɪ] [aʊ] [əʊ]5、集中双元音3个韦氏 [ir] [e r] [r]国际 [ɪə] [eə] [ʊə]6、爆破辅音6个韦氏 [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]国际 [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]7、摩擦辅音4个韦氏 [f] [v] [s] [z]国际 [f] [v] [s] [z]8、摩擦辅音4个韦氏 [th] [th] [sh-k] [zh]国际 [θ] [ð] [ʃ] [ʒ]9、鼻辅音3个韦氏 [m] [n] [ŋ]国际 [m] [n] [ŋ]10、破擦音6个韦氏 [ch] [tr] [ts] [j] [dr] [dz] 国际 [tʃ] [tr] [ts] [dʒ] [dr] [dz]11、舌侧音1个韦氏 [l]国际 [l]12、摩擦音2个韦氏 [r] [h]国际 [r] [h]13、半元音2个韦氏 [w] [y]国际 [w] [j]巧记48个国际音标单元音共十二，四二六前中后。

威玛氏音标[技巧]

威玛氏音标威玛氏音标，在1958年大陆推广汉语拼音方案前广泛被用于人名、地名注音，影响较大（中国台湾地区至今仍在使用）。

1958年后，逐渐废止。

现在中国大陆除了少数需要保持文化传统的场合外，基本不用，北京大学、清华大学，中山大学，苏州大学等学校还使用韦氏音标法的英文校名，而大多数地名、人名已使用汉语拼音。

【汉语拼音与威氏拼音对比】方括号里的是汉语拼音。

它左边的是此汉语拼音的威氏拼音。

p p'[p] m[m] f[f]t[d] t'[t] n [n] l [l]k [g] k'[k] h [h]ch[j] ch' [q] hs[x]ch[zh] ch'[ch] sh[sh] j[r]ts tz [z] ts' tz'[c] s ss sz [s]y [y] w [w]a[a] o[o] ê[e] eh[ê] êrh [er]ih[-i1] ǔ[-i2]i u[u] ǖ [ǖ]ai[ai] ei[ei] ao[ao] ou[ou]an[an] ên[en] ang [ang] êng [eng]ia[ia] io[io] ieh [ie] iao [iao] iu[iou]ien [ian] in[in] iang[iang] ing [ing]ua[ua] uo[uo] uai [uai] uei ui[ui]uan [uan] un[un] uang[uang] ung [ong]ǖeh [ǖ] ǖan [ǖan] ǖn[ǖn] iung[iong]汉语拼音—韦氏拼音对照表Pinyin to Wade-Giles Conversion TableWade-Giles pinyina a ai ai an an ang ang ao ao cha zha ch'a cha chai zhai ch'ai chai chan zhanch'an chan chang zhangch'ang changchao zhaoch'ao chaoche zhech'e che chen zhench'en chen cheng zhengch'eng chengchi jich'i qi chia jiach'ia qiachiang jiangch'iang qiangchiao jiaoch'iao qiao chieh jie ch'ieh qie chien jian ch'ien qian chih zhi ch'ih chi chin jin ch'in qin ching jingch'ing qing chiu jiu ch'iu qiu chiung jiongch'iung qiongcho zhuoch'o chuo chou zhouch'ou chouchu zhuch'u chuchü juch'ü quchua zhuachuai zhuaich'uai chuaichuan zhuanch'uan chuanchüan juanch'üan quanchuang zhuangch'uang chuang chüeh juech'üeh que chui zhuich'ui chui chun zhunch'un chunchün junch'ün qun chung zhongch'ung chong en enerh erfa fafan fanfang fangfei feifen fenfeng fengfo fofou foufu fuha hahai haihan hanhang hanghao haohei heihen henheng hengho hehou houhsi xihsia xia hsiang xiang hsiao xiao hsieh xie hsien xian hsin xin hsing xing hsiu xiu hsiung xiong hsü xuhsüan xuan hsüeh xuehsün xunhu huhua huahuai huai huan huan huang huang hui huihun hun hung hong huo huoi yijan ranjang rang jao raoje rejen renjeng rengjih rijo ruojou rouju rujuan ruan jui rui jun run jung rong ka gak'a kakai gaik'ai kai kan gank'an kan kang gang k'ang kang kao gaok'ao kao ken genk'en ken keng geng k'eng keng ko gek'o kekou gouk'ou kou ku guk'u kukua guak'ua kua kuai guaik'uai kuai kuan guank'uan kuan kuang guang k'uang kuang kuei guik'uei kui kun gunk'un kun kung gong k'ung kong kuo guok'uo kuola lalai lailan lanlang lang lao laole lelei leileng lengli liliang liang liao liao lieh lielien lianlin linling lingliu liulo luolou loulu lulü lü luan luan lüan luan lüeh lue lun lun lung long ma mamai mai man man mang mang mao mao mei mei men men meng meng mi mi miao miao mieh mie mien mian min min ming ming miu miu mo mo mou mou mu muna nanai nai nan nan nang nang nao nao nei neineng neng ni niniang niang niao niao nieh nie nien nian nin nin ning ning niu niuno nuonou nounu nunü nünuan nuan nüeh nue nung nong o eou oupa bap'a papai baip'ai pai pan banp'an pan pang bang p'ang pang pao baop'ao pao pei beip'ei peip'en pen peng beng p'eng peng pi bip'i pi piao biao p'iao piao pieh bie p'ieh pie pien bian p'ien pian pin binp'in pin ping bing p'ing ping po bop'o pop'ou pou pu bup'u pusa sasai sai san san sang sang sao saose sesen sen seng seng sha sha shai shaishang shang shao shaoshe sheshen shen sheng sheng shih shi shou shoushu shushua shua shuai shuai shuan shuan shuang shuang shui shui shun shun shuo shuoso suosou soussu sisu susuan suansui suisun sunsung songta dat'a tatai dait'ai taitan dant'an tantang dangtao daot'ao tao te det'e te teng deng t'eng teng ti dit'i titiao diao t'iao tiao tieh die t'ieh tie tien dian t'ien tian ting ding t'ing ting tiu diuto duot'o tuo tou dout'ou tou tu dut'u tu tuan duan t'uan tuan tui duit'ui tui tun dunt'un tun tung dongtsa zats'a catsai zaits'ai cai tsan zants'an can tsang zang ts'ang cang tsao zaots'ao cao tse zets'e cetsei zei tsen zents'en cen tseng zeng ts'eng ceng tso zuots'o cuo tsou zouts'ou cou tsu zuts'u cu tsuan zuan ts'uan cuan tsui zuits'ui cui tsun zunts'un cun tsung zongtzu zitz'u ci wa wawai wai wan wan wang wang wei wei wen wen weng weng wo wowu wuya yayai yai yang yang yao yao yeh ye yen yan yin yin ying ying yo yoyu youyü yuyüan yuan yüeh yue yün yun yung yong。

韦氏拼音对照

汉语拼音—韦氏拼音对照表简单回顾中国方块文字拼音的历程，大致经过了威妥玛拼音法、注音字母法和汉语拼音法。

威妥玛（Sir Thomas Wade）是英国人，曾于19世纪末任英国驻华公使，参与八国联军镇压义和团运动。

此人以罗马字母为汉字注音，创立威氏拼音法。

后来H.A.Giles稍加修订，合称WG威氏拼音法（Wade-Giles System）。

此法被广泛应用于汉语人名地名的英译，影响较大。

注音字母法是民国初年黎锦熙等学者创制的。

当时一批学者倡导国语运动与汉字简化运动，呼吁简化汉字，给汉字注音。

1918年11月23日，北洋政府教育部公布注音字母表。

汉语拼音—韦氏拼音对照表Pinyin to Wade-Giles Conversion Tablea -- aai -- aian -- anang -- angao -- aoba -- pabai -- paiban -- panbang -- pangbao -- paobei -- peiben -- penbeng -- pengbi -- pibian -- pienbiao -- piaobie -- piehbin -- pinbing -- pingbo -- pobu -- puca -- ts'acai -- ts'aican -- ts'ancang -- ts'angcao -- ts'aoce -- ts'ecen -- ts'enceng -- ts'engcha -- ch'achai -- ch'aichan -- ch'anchang -- ch'angchao -- ch'aoche -- ch'echen -- ch'en cheng -- ch'eng chi -- ch'ihchong -- ch'ung chou -- ch'ouchu -- ch'uchuai -- ch'uai chuan -- ch'uan chuang -- ch'uang chui -- ch'uichun -- ch'un chuo -- ch'oci -- tz'ucong -- ts'ungcou -- ts'oucu -- ts'ucuan -- ts'uancui -- ts'uicun -- ts'uncuo -- ts'oda -- tadai -- taidan -- tandang -- tangdao -- taode -- tedeng -- tengdi -- tidian -- tiendiao -- tiaodie -- tiehding -- tingdiu -- tiudong -- tungdou -- toudu -- tuduan -- tuandui -- tuidun -- tunduo -- toe -- oen -- enfa -- fafan -- fanfang -- fangfei -- feifen -- fenfeng -- fengfo -- fofou -- foufu -- fuga -- kagai -- kaigan -- kan gang -- kang gao -- kaoge -- kogen -- ken geng -- keng gong -- kung gou -- kougu -- kugua -- kuaguai -- kuai guan -- kuan guang -- kuang gui -- kueigun -- kunguo -- kuoha -- hahai -- haihan -- han hang -- hang hao -- haohe -- hohei -- heihen -- hen heng -- heng hong -- hung hou -- houhu -- huhua -- huahuai -- huai huan -- huan huang -- huanghun -- hunhuo -- huoji -- chijia -- chiajian -- chien jiang -- chiang jiao -- chiaojie -- chiehjin -- chinjing -- ching jiong -- chiung jiu -- chiuju -- chüjuan -- chüan jue -- chüehjun -- chünka -- k'akai -- k'aikan -- k'an kang -- k'ang kao -- k'aoke -- k'oken -- k'en keng -- k'eng kong -- k'ung kou -- k'ouku -- k'ukua -- k'uakuai -- k'uai kuan -- k'uan kuang -- k'uang kui -- k'ueikun -- k'unkuo -- k'uolü -- lüla -- lalai -- lailan -- lanlang -- langlao -- laole -- lelei -- leileng -- lengli -- lilian -- lien liang -- liang liao -- liaolie -- liehlin -- linling -- lingliu -- liulong -- lung lou -- loulu -- luluan -- luan luan -- lüan lue -- lüehlun -- lunluo -- loma -- mamai -- mai man -- man mang -- mang mao -- mao mei -- mei men -- men meng -- meng mi -- mimian -- mien miao -- miao mie -- mieh min -- min ming -- ming miu -- miumo -- mo mou -- mou mu -- munü -- nüna -- nanai -- nainan -- nan nang -- nang nao -- naonei -- neinen -- nen neng -- neng ni -- niniang -- niang niao -- niaonie -- niehnin -- ninning -- ningniu -- niunong -- nung nou -- nounu -- nunuan -- nuan nue -- nüeh nuo -- noou -- oupa -- p'apai -- p'aipan -- p'an pang -- p'ang pao -- p'aopei -- p'eipen -- p'en peng -- p'eng pi -- p'ipian -- p'ien piao -- p'iaopie -- p'iehpin -- p'inping -- p'ingpo -- p'opou -- p'oupu -- p'uqi -- ch'iqia -- ch'iaqian -- ch'ien qiang -- ch'iang qiao -- ch'iao qie -- ch'iehqin -- ch'inqing -- ch'ing qiong -- ch'iung qiu -- ch'iuqu -- ch'üquan -- ch'üan que -- ch'üehran -- janrang -- jangrao -- jaore -- jeren -- jenreng -- jengri -- jihrong -- jungrou -- jouru -- juruan -- juanrui -- juirun -- junruo -- josa -- sasai -- saisan -- sansang -- sangsao -- saose -- sesen -- senseng -- sengsha -- shashai -- shaishan -- shan shang -- shang shao -- shaoshe -- sheshen -- shen sheng -- sheng shi -- shihshou -- shoushu -- shushua -- shua shuai -- shuai shuan -- shuan shuang -- shuang shui -- shuishun -- shun shuo -- shuosi -- ssusong -- sungsou -- sousu -- susuan -- suan sui -- suisun -- sunsuo -- sota -- t'atai -- t'aitan -- t'antang -- t'ang tao -- t'aote -- t'eteng -- t'engti -- t'itian -- t'ientiao -- t'iaotie -- t'iehting -- t'ing tong -- t'ung tou -- t'outu -- t'utuan -- t'uan tui -- t'uitun -- t'untuo -- t'owa -- wawai -- waiwan -- wan wang -- wang wei -- weiwen -- wen weng -- weng wo -- wowu -- wuxi -- hsixia -- hsiaxian -- hsien xiang -- hsiang xiao -- hsiao xie -- hsiehxin -- hsinxing -- hsing xiong -- hsiung xiu -- hsiuxu -- hsüxue -- hsüehxun -- hsünya -- yayai -- yaiyan -- yenyang -- yangyao -- yaoye -- yehyi -- iyin -- yinying -- yingyo -- yoyong -- yungyou -- yuyu -- yüyuan -- yüanyue -- yüehyun -- yünza -- tsazai -- tsaizan -- tsanzang -- tsangzao -- tsaoze -- tsezei -- tseizen -- tsenzeng -- tsengzha -- chazhai -- chaizhan -- chan zhang -- chang zhao -- chaozhe -- chezhen -- chen zheng -- cheng zhi -- chihzhong -- chung zhou -- chouzhu -- chuzhua -- chua zhuai -- chuai zhuan -- chuan zhuang -- chuangzhun -- chun。

2024版48个音标发音(附详细图解)

/e/
发音时，嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬高，口形略扁。
/æ/
对比
辨析
发音时，嘴唇张开较大，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，口形较圆。
两者都是前元音，但/e/发音时口形略扁，舌位较低；而/æ/发音时口形较圆，舌位较高。
在单词中，如"bed"和 "bad"分别对应/e/和/æ/ 的发音，可以通过对比口形和舌位进行区分。
toy（该组合实际不存在，仅为示例）
2024/1/30
[aʊ] + [ə] = [aʊə]，例如
hour（该组合实际发音为[aʊr]，此处仅为示例）
18
05
常见易混淆音标对比与辨析
2024/1/30
19
/i:/与/ɪ/的对比与辨析
/i
/：发音时，嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形偏平。
声音短促。
与/ʌ/的对比主要体现在是否
带有卷舌音/r/。
2024/Байду номын сангаас/30
10
03
辅音音标发音详解
2024/1/30
11
清辅音发音技巧与示例
01 /p/
双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。例如：pen（钢笔）。
02 /t/
舌尖抵住上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔喷出。例如：ten（十）。
/u:/ /ʊ/ /ɔ:/ /ɒ/。发音时，舌后部抬高，唇形收圆。其中/u:/音最长，
/ʊ/音短而急促，/ɔ:/音舌位略低，口型稍大，/ɒ/音舌位更低，口型自
然收圆。
8
双元音发音技巧与示例
合口双元音

个英语国际音标发音图解暨口型及发音方法

48个英语国际音标发音图解暨口型及发音方法<一>四十八个音素发音图解暨口型及发音方法1.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号/i/传统式的国际音标读音符号该音是个前元音，是字母i或y在重读闭音中的读音。

它是个短元音，故发此音要短促而轻快。

发音要领的是：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形偏平。

2./i/美式读音符号/i:/英式读音符号/i:/传统式的国际音标读音符号前元音，是字母ea，ee，ie或ei在单词中的发音。

此音是长元音，一定注音把音发足。

其发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于/i/：口形扁平。

3.//美式发音符号/e/英式发音符号/e/传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个前元音，是字母e或ea在单词中的发音。

它是个短元音。

发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比/i:/低；唇形中常，开口度比/i:/大。

4.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个前元素，是字母a在重读闭音节中的发音。

//是短元音。

发音时舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比/e/更低；双唇平伸，成扁平形。

5.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个后元音，是字母组合ar的读音，也是字母a在ss，st，th等字母前面的读音。

//是长元音。

发音时口张大，舌身压低并后缩，后舌稍隆起，舌尖不抵下齿。

双唇稍收圆。

6.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个短元音，是字母o在重读闭音节单词中的读音。

发音时口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩，双唇稍稍收圆。

7.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个后元音，是字母o，or，al，oar，our或oor在单词中的发音。

它是长元音。

发音时舌后部抬得比//即美式//美式//高，双唇收得更圆更小，并向前突出。

8.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号/u/传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个后元素，是英语字母u，oo或ou等在单词中的发音。

韦氏音标详解

Pronunciation Symbols\ \ as a in a but\ \ as u in ab u t\ \ as e in kitt en\ r \ as ur/er in f ur th er \ a \ as a in a sh\ \ as a in a ce\ ä \ as o in m o p\ a \ as ou in ou t\ b \ as in b a b y\ ch \ as ch in ch in\ d \ as d in d i d\ e \ as e in b e t\ \ as ea in ea sy \ \ as y in eas y\ f \ as f in f i f ty \ g \ as g in g o\ h \ as h in h at\ i \ as i in h i t\ \ as i in i ce\ j \ as j in j ob\ k \ as k in k in\ \ as ch in i ch dien\ l \ as l in l i l y\ m \ as m in m ur m ur\ n \ as n in ow n\ \ as ng in si ng\ \ as o in g o\ \ as aw in l aw\ i \ as oy in b oy\ p \ as p in p e pp er\ r \ as r in r ed\ s \ as s in le ss\ sh \ as sh in sh y\ t \ as t in t ie\ th \ as th in th in\ th \ as th in th e\ ü \ as oo in l oo t\ \ as oo in f oo t\ v \ as v in v i v id\ w \ as w in a w ay\ y \ as y in y et\ yü \ as you in you th\ y\ as u in c u rable\ z \ as z in z one\ zh \ as si in vi si onPronunciation GuideThis discussion sets out the signification and use of the pronunciation symbols in this dictionary, with special attention to those areas where experience has shown that dictionary users may have questions. The order of symbols in this page is the same as the order in Pronunciation Symbols, with the exception that the symbols which are not letter characters are listed first. For more information about pronunciations, see Pronunciation Overview.Symbol Explanation\ \ All pronunciation information is printed between reversed virgules.Pronunciation symbols are printed in roman type and all otherinformation, such as labels and notes, is printed in italics.\ '" \ A single stress mark precedes a syllable with primary (strongest) stress;a double mark precedes a syllable with secondary (medium) stress; a thirdlevel of weak stress requires no mark at all: \'pen-m&n-"ship\. Sincethe nineteenth century the International Phonetics Association hasrecommended that stress marks precede the stressed syllable, andlinguists worldwide have adopted this practice on the basic principlethat before a syllable can be uttered the speaker must know what degreeof stress to give it. In accordance with the practice of Frenchphoneticians, no stress marks are shown in the transcription of wordsborrowed from French whose pronunciations have not been anglicized, asat ancien régime and émeute.\ - \ Hyphens are used to separate syllables in pronunciation transcriptions.In actual speech, of course, there is no pause between the syllables ofa word. The placement of hyphens is based on phonetic principles, suchas vowel length, nasalization, variation due to the position of aconsonant in a syllable, and other nuances of the spoken word. Thesyllable breaks shown in this text reflect the careful pronunciation ofa single word out of context. Syllabication tends to change in rapid orrunning speech: a consonant at the end of a syllable may shift into afollowing syllable, and unstressed vowels may be elided. The numerousvariations in pronunciation that a word may have in running speech areof interest to phoneticians but are well outside the scope of a dictionaryof general English.The centered dots in boldface entry words indicate potential end-of-linedivision points and not syllabication. These division points aredetermined by considerations of both morphology and pronunciation, amongothers. A detailed discussion of end-of-line division is contained inthe article on Division in Boldface Entry Words in Webster's Third NewInternational Dictionary. In this dictionary a consistent approach hasbeen pursued, both toward word division based on traditional formulasand toward syllabication based on phonetic principles. As a result, thehyphens indicating syllable breaks and the centered dots indicatingend-of-line division often do not fall in the same places.\ ( ) \ Parentheses are used in pronunciations to indicate that whatever is symbolized between them is present in some utterances but not in others;thus factory \'fak-t(&-)rE\ is pronounced both \'fak-t&-rE\ and\'fak-trE\, industry\'in-(")d&s-trE\ is pronounced both \'in-d&s-trE\and \'in-"d&s-trE\. In some phonetic environments, as in fence\'fen(t)s\ and boil\'boi(&)l\, it may be difficult to determine whetherthe sound shown in parentheses is or is not present in a given utterance;even the usage of a single speaker may vary considerably.\ , ; \ Variant pronunciations are separated by commas; groups of variants are separated by semicolons. The order of variants does not mean that thefirst is in any way preferable to or more acceptable than the others.All of the variants in this dictionary, except those restricted by aregional or usage label, are widely used in acceptable educated speech.If evidence reveals that a particular variant is used more frequentlythan another, the former will be given first. This should not, however,prejudice anyone against the second or subsequent variants. In many casesthe numerical distribution of variants is equal but one of them, ofcourse, must appear first.\ ÷ \ The obelus, or division sign, is placed before a pronunciation variant that occurs in educated speech but that is considered by some to bequestionable or unacceptable. This symbol is used sparingly andprimarily for variants that have been objected to over a period of timein print by commentators on usage, in schools by teachers, or incorrespondence that has come to the Merriam-Webster editorialdepartment. In most cases the objection is based on orthographic oretymological arguments. For instance, the second variant of cupola\'kyü-p&-l&, ÷-"lO\, though used frequently in speech, is objected tobecause a is very rarely pronounced \O\ in English. The pronunciations\'fe-by&-"wer-E\ and \'fe-b&-"wer-E\ (indicated simultaneously by theuse of parentheses) are similarly marked at the entry for February\÷'fe-b(y)&-"wer-E, 'fe-br&-\, even though they are the most frequentlyheard pronunciations, because some people insist that both r's shouldbe pronounced. The obelus applies only to that portion of thetranscription which it immediately precedes and not to any other variantsfollowing.\ & \ in unstressed syllables as in b a nan a, c o llide, a but. This neutral vowel, called schwa, may be represented orthographically by any of the lettersa, e, i, o, u, y, and by many combinations of letters. In running speechunstressed vowels are regularly pronounced as \&\ in American and Britishspeech. Unstressed \&\ often intrudes between a stressed vowel and afollowing \l\ or \r\ though it is not represented in the spelling, asin eel \'E(&)l\ and sour \'sau(-&)r\.\ '&, "& \ in stressed syllables as in h u mdr u m, ab u t.\ & \ immediately preceding \l\, \n\, \m\, \[ng]\, as in batt le, cott on, and one pronunciation of op en \'O-p&n\ and of and \&[ng]\ as in onepronunciation of the phrase lock and key \"läk-&[ng]-'kE\. The symbol\&\ preceding these consonants does not itself represent a sound. Itsignifies instead that the following consonant is syllabic; that is, theconsonant itself forms the nucleus of a syllable that does not containa vowel. In the pronunciation of some French or French-derived words \&\is placed immediately after \l\, \m\, \r\ to indicate one nonsyllabicpronunciation of these consonants, as in the French words tab le"table,"pris me"prism," and tit re"title," each of which in isolation and in somecontexts is a one-syllable word.\ &r \ as in f ur th er, m er g er, b ir d. (See the section on \r\.) The anglicized pronunciation of the vowel \œ\ is represented in this book as \&(r)\.(See the section on \[oe]\.)\ '&r-, '&-r \ as in two different pronunciations of hurry. Most U.S. speakers pronounce \'h&r-E\ with the \&r\ representing the same sounds as in bird \'b&rd\. Usually in metropolitan New York and southern England and frequently inNew England and the southeastern U.S. the vowel is much the same as thevowel of hum followed by a syllable-initial variety of \r\. Thispronunciation of hurry is represented as \'h&-rE\ in this dictionary.Both types of pronunciation are shown for words composed of a singlemeaningful unit (or morpheme) as in current, hurry, and worry. In wordssuch as furry, stirring, and purring in which a vowel or vowel-initialsuffix is added to a word ending in r or rr (as fur, stir, and purr),the second type of pronunciation outlined above is heard onlyoccasionally and is not shown in this dictionary.\ a \ as in m a t, m a p, m a d, g a g, sn a p, p a tch. Some variation in this vowel is occasioned by the consonant that follows it; thus, for some speakers map,mad, and gag have noticeably different vowel sounds. There is a very smallnumber of words otherwise identical in pronunciation that these speakersmay distinguish solely by variation of this vowel, as in the two wordscan (put into cans; be able) in the sentence "Let's can what we can."However, this distinction is sufficiently infrequent that thetraditional practice of using a single symbol is followed in this book. \ A \ as in d a y, f a de, d a te, a orta, dr a pe, c a pe. In most English speech this is actually a diphthong. In lowland South Carolina, in coastal Georgiaand Florida, and occasionally elsewhere \A\ is pronounced as amonophthong. As a diphthong \A\ has a first element \e\ or monophthongal\A\ and a second element \i\.\ ä \ as in b o ther, c o t, and, with most American speakers, f a ther, c a rt. The symbol \ä\ represents the vowel of cot, cod, and the stressed vowel ofcollar in the speech of those who pronounce this vowel differently fromthe vowel in caught, cawed, and caller, represented by \o\. In U.S. speech\ä\ is pronounced with little or no rounding of the lips, and it is fairlylong in duration, especially before voiced consonants. In southernEngland \ä\ is usually accompanied by some lip rounding and is relativelyshort in duration. The vowel \o\ generally has appreciable lip rounding.Some U.S. speakers (a perhaps growing minority) do not distinguishbetween cot--caught, cod--cawed, and collar--caller, usually becausethey lack or have less lip rounding in the words transcribed with \o\.Though the symbols \ä\ and \o\ are used throughout this dictionary todistinguish the members of the above pairs and similar words, thespeakers who rhyme these pairs will automatically reproduce a sound thatis consistent with their own speech. In words such as card and cart mostU.S. speakers have a sequence of sounds that we transcribe as \är\. Mostspeakers who do not pronounce \r\ before another consonant or a pause,however, do not rhyme card with either cod or cawed and do not rhyme cartwith either cot or caught. The pronunciation of card and cart by suchspeakers, although not shown in this dictionary, would be transcribedas \'k[a']d\ and \'k[a']t\. Speakers of r-dropping dialects willautomatically substitute \[a']\ for the transcribed \är\. (See thesections on \[a']\ and \r\.)\ [a'] \ as in f a ther as pronounced by those who do not rhyme it with bother. The pronunciation of this vowel varies regionally. In eastern New Englandand southern England it is generally pronounced farther forward in themouth than \ä\ but not as far forward as \a\. In New York City and thesoutheastern U.S. it may have much the same quality as \ä\ but somewhatgreater duration. In areas in which \r\ is not pronounced before anotherconsonant or a pause, \[a']\ occurs for the sequence transcribed in thisbook as \är\. (See the sections on \ä\ and \r\.) In these areas \[a']\also occurs with varying frequency in a small group of words in whicha in the spelling is followed by a consonant letter other than r and isnot preceded by w or wh, as in father, calm, palm, and tomato but notin watch, what, or swap (though \[a']\ does sometimes occur in waft).Especially in southern England and, less consistently, in eastern NewEngland \[a']\ occurs in certain words in which \a\ is the usual Americanvowel and in most of which the vowel is followed by \f\, \th\, \s\, orby \n\ and another consonant, as in the words after, bath, mask, andslant. The symbol \[a']\ is also used in the transcription of someforeign-derived words and names. This vowel, as in French patte "paw"and chat "cat," is intermediate between \a\ and \ä\ and is similar inquality to the \[a']\ heard in eastern New England.\ au \ as in n ow, l ou d, ou t. The initial element of this diphthong may vary from \a\ to \[a']\ or \ä\, the first being more common in Southern and southMidland speech than elsewhere. In coastal areas of the southern U.S. andin parts of Canada this diphthong is often realized as \&u\ whenimmediately preceding a voiceless consonant, as in the noun house andin out.\ b \ as in b a b y, ri b.\ ch \ as in ch in, nature \'nA-ch&r\. Actually, this sound is \t\ + \sh\. The distinction between the phrases why choose and white shoes is maintainedby a difference in the syllabication of the \t\ and the \sh\ in each caseand the consequent use of different varieties (or allophones) of \t\. \ d \ as in d i d, a dd er. (See the section on \t\ below for a discussion of the flap allophone of \d\.)\ e \ as in b e t, b e d, p e ck. In Southern and Midland dialects this vowel before nasal consonants often has a raised articulation that approximates \i\,so that pen has nearly the pronunciation \'pin\.\ 'E, "E\ in stressed syllables as in b ea t, nosebl ee d, e venly, ea sy.\ E \ in unstressed syllables, as in eas y, meal y. Though the fact is not shown in this book, some dialects such as southern British and southern U.S.often, if not usually, pronounce \i\ instead of unstressed \E\.\ f \ as in f i f ty, cu ff.\ g \ as in g o, bi g, g ift.\ h \ as in h at, a h ead.\ hw \ as in wh ale as pronounced by those who do not have the same pronunciation for both whale and wail. Most U.S. speakers distinguish these two wordsas \'hwA(&)l\ and \'wA(&)l\ respectively, though frequently in the U.S.and usually in southern England \'wA(&)l\ is used for both. Somelinguists consider \hw\ to be a single sound, a voiceless \w\.\ i \ as in t i p, ban i sh, act i ve.\ I \ as in s i te, s i de, b uy, tr i pe. Actually, this sound is a diphthong, usually composed of \ä\ + \i\ or \[a']\ + \i\. In Southern speech, especiallybefore a pause or voiced consonant, as in shy and five, the second element\i\ may not be pronounced. Chiefly in eastern Virginia, coastal SouthCarolina, and parts of Canada the diphthong is approximately \'&\ + \i\before voiceless consonants, as in nice and write.\ j \ as in j ob, g em, e dg e, j oin, j u dg e. Actually, this sound is \d\ + \zh\.Assuming the anglicization of Jeanne d'Arc as \zhän-'därk\, thedistinction between the sentences They betray John Dark and They betrayedJeanne d'Arc is maintained by a difference in the syllabication of the\d\ and the \zh\ in each case and the consequent use of differentvarieties (or allophones) of \d\.\ k \ as in k in, c oo k, a che.\ [k] \ as in German i ch "I," Bu ch "book," and one pronunciation of English lo ch.Actually, there are two distinct sounds in German; the \k\ in ich ispronounced toward the front of the mouth and the \[k]\ in Buch ispronounced toward the back. In English, however, no two words otherwiseidentical are distinguished by these two varieties of \[k]\, andtherefore only a single symbol is necessary.\ l \ as in l i l y, poo l. In words such as battle and fiddle the \l\ is a syllabic consonant. (See the section on \&\ above.)\ m \ as in m ur m ur, di m, ny m ph. In pronunciation variants of some words, such as open and happen, \m\ is a syllabic consonant. (See the section on \&\above.)\ n \ as in n o, ow n. In words such as cotton and sudden, the \n\ is a syllabic consonant. (See the section on \&\ above.)\ [n] \ indicates that a preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the nasal passages open, as in French un bon vinblanc\[oe][n]-bo[n]-va[n]-blä[n]\ "a good white wine."\ [ng] \ as in si ng \'si[ng]\, si ng er \'si[ng]-&r\, fi n ger \'fi[ng]-g&r\, i n k \'i[ng]k\. In some rare contexts \[ng]\ may be a syllabic consonant. (Seethe section on \&\ above.)\ O \ as in b o ne, kn ow, b eau. Especially in positions of emphasis, such as when it is word final or when as primary stress, \O\ tends to becomediphthongal, moving from \O\ toward a second element \u\. In southernEngland and in some U.S. speech, particularly in the Philadelphia areaand in the Pennsylvania-Ohio-West Virginia border area, the firstelement is often approximately \&\. In coastal South Carolina, Georgia,and Florida stressed \O\ is often monophthongal when final, but when aconsonant follows it is often a diphthong moving from \O\ to \&\. In thisbook the symbol \O\ represents all of the above variants. As an unstressedvowel before another vowel, \O\ is often pronounced as a schwa with slightlip rounding that is separated from the following vowel by the glide \w\,as in following \'fä-l&-wi[ng]\. This reduced variant is not usuallyshown at individual entries.\ o \ as in s aw, a ll, gn aw, c augh t. (See the section on \ä\.)\ [oe] \ as in French b oeu f "beef," German Hölle "hell." This vowel, which occurs only in foreign-derived terms and names, can be approximated byattempting to pronounce the vowel \e\ with the lips moderately roundedas for the vowel \u\. This vowel is often anglicized as the \&r\ of birdby those who do not "drop their r's" or as the corresponding vowel ofbird used by those who do (see the section on \r\). Where thisanglicization is shown, it is represented as \&(r)\.\ [OE] \ as in French f eu "fire," German Höh le "hole." This vowel, which occurs primarily in foreign-derived terms and names, can be approximated byattempting to pronounce a monophthongal vowel \A\ with the lips fullyrounded as for the vowel \ü\. This vowel also occurs in Scots and thusis used in the pronunciation of guidwillie, mainly restricted toScotland.\ oi \ as in c oi n, destr oy. In some Southern speech, especially before a consonant in the same word, the second element may disappear or bereplaced by \&\. Some utterances of drawing and sawing have a sequenceof vowel sounds identical to that in coin, but because drawing and sawingare analyzed by many as two-syllable words they are transcribed with aparenthesized hyphen: \'dro(-)i[ng]\, \'so(-)i[ng]\.\ p \ as in p e pp er, li p.\ r \ as in r ed, r a r ity, ca r, bea r d. What is transcribed here as \r\ in reality represents several distinct sounds. Before a stressed vowel \r\ denotesa continuant produced with the tongue tip slightly behind the teethridge.This sound is usually voiceless when it follows a voiceless stop, as inpray, tree, and cram. After a vowel in the same syllable \r\ is most oftena semivowel characterized by retroflexion of the tongue tip. Thesequences \ar\, \är\, \er\, \ir\, \or\, \ur\, and \&r\ may then beconsidered diphthongs. In some speech the retroflexion of the \r\ occursthroughout the articulation of the vowel, but in other cases the firstvowel glides into a retroflex articulation. In the latter cases a brieftransition vowel is sometimes heard; this variable and nondistinctiveglide is not transcribed in this book, but is considered implicit in thesymbol \r\. In Received Pronunciation \r\ is sometimes pronounced as aflap in the same contexts in which \t\ and \d\ occur as flaps in AmericanEnglish. (See the section on \t\ below.) Occasionally the flap may beheard after consonants, as in bright and grow. In other dialects ofBritish English, particularly Scottish, \r\ may be pronounced as analveolar trill or as a uvular trill. In some dialects, especially thoseof the southeastern U.S., eastern New England, New York City, andsouthern England, \r\ is not pronounced after a vowel in the samesyllable. This is often, if somewhat misleadingly, referred to asr-dropping. In these dialects r is pronounced as a nonsyllabic \&\ whenit occurs in these positions or there may be no sound corresponding tothe r, thus beard, corn, and assured may be pronounced as \'bi&d\,\'ko&n\, and \&-'shu&d\ or, usually with some lengthening of the vowelsound, as \'bid\, \'kon\, and \&-'shud\. In car, card, and cart thosewho do not pronounce \r\ generally have a vowel which we would transcribeas \A\, usually pronounced with some lengthening and without a following\&\. (See the sections on \ä\ and \A\.) The stressed vowel of bird andhurt in r-dropping speech is similar to the vowel used by r-keepers inthe same words but without the simultaneous raising of the center and/ortip of the tongue. In the U.S. most speakers of r-dropping dialects willpronounce \r\ before consonants in some words or in some contexts.Because it is determined by the phonetic context, r-dropping is notexplicitly represented in this dictionary; speakers of r-droppingdialects will automatically substitute the sounds appropriate to theirown speech.\ s \ as in s our ce, le ss.\ sh \ as in sh y, mi ssi on, ma ch ine, spe ci al. Actually, this is a single sound, not two. When the two sounds \s\ and \h\ occur in sequence, they areseparated by a hyphen in this book, as in grasshopper \'gras-"hä-p&r\. \ t \ as in t ie, a tt ack, la te, la t er, la tt er. In some contexts, as when a stressed or unstressed vowel precedes and an unstressed vowel or \&l\follows, the sound represented by t or tt is pronounced in most Americanspeech as a voiced flap produced by the tongue tip tapping the teethridge.In similar contexts the sound represented by d or dd has the samepronunciation. Thus, the pairs ladder and latter, leader and liter,parody and parity are often homophones. At the end of a syllable \t\ oftenhas an incomplete articulation with no release, or it is accompanied orreplaced by a glottal closure. When \t\ occurs before the syllabicconsonant \&n\ as in button \'b&-t&n\, the glottal allophone is oftenheard. This may reflect a syllabication of \t\ with the precedingstressed syllable (i.e., \'b&t-&n\).\ th \ as in th in, e th er. Actually, this is a single sound, not two. When the two sounds \t\ and \h\ occur in sequence they are separated by a hyphenin this book, as in knighthood \'nIt-"hud\.\ [th] \ as in th en, ei th er, th is. Actually, this is a single sound, not two. The difference between \th\ and \[th]\ is that the former is pronouncedwithout and the latter with vibration of the vocal cords.\ ü \ as in r u le, y ou th, union \'yün-y&n\, few \'fyü\. As an unstressed vowel before another vowel, \ü\ is often pronounced as a schwa with slight liprounding that is separated from the following vowel by the glide \w\,as valuing \'val-y&-wi[ng]\. This reduced variant is not usually shownat individual entries. Younger speakers of American English often usea more centralized and less rounded pronunciation of \ü\ in certain words(as news and musician), both in stressed and especially in unstressedsyllables.\ u \ as in p u ll, w oo d, b oo k, curable \'kyur-&-b&l\, fury \'fyur-E\.\ [ue] \ as in German füllen "to fill," hübsch "handsome." This vowel, which occurs only in foreign-derived terms and names, can be approximated byattempting to pronounce the vowel \i\ with the lips moderately roundedas for the vowel \u\.\ [UE] \ as in French r ue "street," German füh len "to feel." This vowel, which occurs only in foreign-derived terms and names, can be approximated byattempting to pronounce the vowel \E\ with the lips fully rounded as forthe vowel \ü\.\ v \ as in v i v id, in v ite.\ w \ as in w e, a w ay.\ y \ as in y ard, y oung, cue \'kyü\, curable \'kyur-&-b&l\, few \'fyü\, fury \'fyur-E\, union \'yün-y&n\. The sequences \lyü\, \syü\, and \zyü\ inthe same syllable, as in lewd, suit, and presume, are common in southernBritish speech but are rare in American speech and only \lü\, \sü\, and\zü\ are shown in this dictionary. A sequence of \h\ and \y\ as in hueand huge is pronounced by some speakers as a \[k]\ articulated towardthe front of the mouth.In English \y\ does not occur at the end of a syllable after a vowel.In a few words of French origin whose pronunciation has not beenanglicized, a postvocalic \y\ is transcribed, as in mille-feuille\mEl-f[oe]y\ and in rouille \'rü-E, French rüy\. The sound representedis the consonantal \y\ of yard.\ [y] \ indicates that during the articulation of the preceding consonant the tongue has substantially the position it has for the articulation of the\y\ of yard, as in French digne\dEn[y]\ "worthy." Thus [y] does not itselfrepresent a sound but rather modifies the preceding symbol.\ z \ as in z one, rai se.\ zh \ as in vi si on, a z ure \'a-zh&r\. Actually, this is a single sound, not two.When the two sounds \z\ and \h\ occur in sequence, they are separatedby a hyphen in this book, as in hogshead \'hogz-"hed, 'hägz-\.。

48个英语国际音标发音图解暨口型及发音方法

48个英语国际音标发音图解暨口型及发音方法<一>（一）四十八个音素发音图解暨口型及发音方法1.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号/i/传统式的国际音标读音符号该音是个前元音，是字母i或y在重读闭音中的读音。

它是个短元音，故发此音要短促而轻快。

发音要领的是：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形偏平。

2./i/美式读音符号/i:/英式读音符号/i:/传统式的国际音标读音符号前元音，是字母ea，ee，ie或ei在单词中的发音。

此音是长元音，一定注音把音发足。

其发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于/i/：口形扁平。

3.//美式发音符号/e/英式发音符号/e/传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个前元音，是字母e或ea在单词中的发音。

它是个短元音。

发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比/i:/低；唇形中常，开口度比/i:/大。

4.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个前元素，是字母a在重读闭音节中的发音。

//是短元音。

发音时舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比/e/更低；双唇平伸，成扁平形。

5.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个后元音，是字母组合ar的读音，也是字母a在ss，st，th等字母前面的读音。

//是长元音。

发音时口张大，舌身压低并后缩，后舌稍隆起，舌尖不抵下齿。

双唇稍收圆。

6.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个短元音，是字母o在重读闭音节单词中的读音。

发音时口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩，双唇稍稍收圆。

7.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个后元音，是字母o，or，al，oar，our或oor在单词中的发音。

它是长元音。

发音时舌后部抬得比//即美式//美式//高，双唇收得更圆更小，并向前突出。

8.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号/u/传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个后元素，是英语字母u，oo或ou等在单词中的发音。

韦氏音标

Consonants IPA1 IPA2 MWCD Examples tʃtʃch ch ur ch h h h h athw hw hw wh ich dʒdʒj j u dgex x k lo ch(Scottish and Irish) Bu ch(German)ɡ[b]g g g ameŋŋŋthi ngʃʃsh sh ipθθth th inð ð th th isj j y y esʒʒzh vi s ionVowels IPA1 IPA2 MWCD Examples æ æ a c a teɪ e ād ayɛərɛr er h airɑːɑä, ȧf a ther ɑːrɑrär ar mɛɛ e l e tiːi ēs eeɪərɪr ir h ereɪɪi p i taɪaɪīb yɒɑä p o toʊo ōn oɔːɔȯc augh tɔːr ɔrȯrn or th or f or ceɔɪɔɪȯi n oi se ʊᴜu t oo k ʊərᴜr u r t our uːu ü s oo naʊaᴜau ou tʌʌəc u tɜːrɜrər w or dəəəa boutərɚər butt erjuːju yü v iewStressIPA1 IPA2 MWCD Examplesˈaˋaˈa primary stressˌaˊaˌa secondary stressa tertiary stressMerriam Webster’s Dictionary词典使用的音标与IPA音标（绿色）对比表\ ə\ a in a but\ ə\ \ ‘ə, ֽ◌ə\ u in ab u t \ ʌ\ \ən \en in kitt en \ ən\ \ r \ ur/er in f ur th er\ r \ \ a \ a in a sh\æ\ \ā\ a in a ce \ ei \ \ ä \ o in m o p\ ɔ\\ aú \ou in ou t \ au\ \ b \ in b a b y\ b \ \ ch \ ch in ch in\ tʃ \ \ d \ d in d i d\ d \ \ e \ e in b e t\ e \ \ ‘ē, ֽ◌ē\ ea in e a sy\ i: \ \ē\ y in e as y\ i \ \ f \ f in f i f ty\ f \\ g \ g in g o\ g \\ h \ h in h at \ h \\ i \ i in h i t \ I \\ ī\ i in i ce \ ai \\ j \ j in j ob\ dʒ\\ k \ k in k in \ k \\ k \ ch in i ch dien ~\ʃ\\ l \ l in l i l y \ l \\ m \ m in m ur m ur\ m \\ n \ n in ow n\ n \\ ŋ\ ng in si ng\ ŋ \\ ō \ o in g o\ əu\\ ό \ aw in l aw\ ɔ: \\ όi \ oy in b oy \ ɔi \\ p \ p in p e pp er \ p \\ r \ r in r ed\ r \\ s \ s in le ss \ s \\ sh \ sh in sh y\ ʃ\\ t \ t in t ie \ t \\ th \ th in th in \ θ \\ th \ th in th e \ ð \\ ü \ oo in l oo t \ u: \\ ú \ oo in f oo t\ u \\ v \ v in v i v id\ v \\ w \ w in a w ay\ w \\ y \ y in y et\ j \\ yü \ you in you th\ ju: \\ yú \ u in c u rable\ ju \\ z \ z in z one\ z \\ zh \ si in vi si on \ ʒ \这套音标系统里面没有国际音标中\tr\, \dr\, \ts\, \dz\的对应音标，因为现代语音学认为这四个音标不是独立因素，而属于辅音连缀。