上海市2015高三英语二模试卷
上海市静安区2015年4月高三英语二模试卷解读
静安、青浦、宝山区2015届高三第二学期教学质量检测(二模)II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)You took a midterm exam (25)_____(hope) to get a 95 percent. When you got your test paper back, you received only a 70 percent. How do you handle the situation? Do you1. make a study plan for (26)_______(improve) your grade;2. keep doing what you’re doing and hope for the best next time;3. use a persuasive argument to try and convince your teacher to give you (27)______ better grade?Your answer to the above question shows your EQ, your emotional intelligence. What exactly is EQ? Psychologists Peter Salovey and John Mayer define it as the ability to understand your own feelings and emotions and (28)______ of others.Research supports the significance of EQ. A 40-year study of 450 boys found that IQ wasn’t the only thing that affected life success. The qualities that did were the ability (29)_____(handle) frustration, control emotions and get along with other people.Can you improve a low EQ? Yes! Start by noticing how you feel. That’s the first step in becoming more skillful at managing your feelings. Second ,pay attention to how you behave when you feel certain emotions. Then analyze (30)______ that effects your daily life. Next, take responsibility for your feelings and actions. They come from you and no one else. Then you (31)_________(have) a higher EQ--- and likely have a happier and more rewarding life as well.BImagine shopping in another country and spotting a beautiful scarf. The salesperson tells you the price, (32)_______ it’s more than you want to buy. What do you do?The answer depends largely on what part of the world you are in. Are you visiting Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Latin America or Africa? In these places, prices often are not set in stone. In fact, customers (33)______(expect) to bargain before agreeing to a price.On the other hand, in North America, Europe and Australia, bargaining is rare and often not allowed. The price (34)____(list) on a price tag cannot be changed.Large stores and malls usually don’t allow bargaining. On the other hand, outdoor stalls and flea markets, even in Western countries, usually allow bargaining. When in doubt, consult a guidebook ---or (35)_______(good) yet, a local friend.(36)______bargaining custom vary, a few rules of etiquette apply in most cultures. First, avoid wasting people’s time. If you don’t intend to make a purchase, don’t start bargaining. While bargaining, it is OK to walk away. But once you agree to a price, you (37)_____ buy the item.Even in countries (38)____ don’t allow bargaining, you may find plentiful opportunities to save money. Many stores sell old items on clearance. Others offer discount cards to regular customers. Some of these can function as credit cards(39)_____ the store, and a few can even be used elsewhere.(40)______ you go, understanding local customs can help you find good prices. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accountedB. limitedC. commercialsD. popularE. overnightF. helpedG. increasedH. symbolsI. thoughJ. talentedK. fashionThe next time you watch NBA playoff action on TV, take a close look at the shoes that many players are wearing . Gone, for the most part, are the ankle-hugging high-tops that supposedly ____41____ to protect players from injury.The change over the last few years to low- top sneakers(运动鞋) seems to go against conventional wisdom. Strangely, __42___, Steven Nash and Kobe Bryant, two of the most __43__players with the Los Angeles Lakers, aren’t worried.According to the US market-research firm NPD Group, high-tops once ___44__ for about 20 percent of the US basketball shoe market. Now, the number has sunk to about 8 percent. Low-tops, the kind that Nash and Bryant wear, have grown to 29 percent, from just 11 percent in 2002.High-top sneakers are one of the most celebrated __45___ in modern basketball. After the 1985 Air Jordans so transformed the market, shoe companies began battling one another. They put air pumps in the tongues of their shoes and made carefully prepared and organized __46__.“All of a sudden it became a __47__ business,” Marshal Cohen, an analyst with NPD group, told The Wall Street Journal. The Jordans were excellent. The market went from being nothing to a million-dollar business __48___.”One of the reasons high-tops are not so __49__ anymore is that they were never really very good at protecting the feet.In an article in the British Journal of Sports Medicine in 2008, University of Newcastle researcher Craig Richards found no evidence that sneakers__50__ injuries. His research actually found that high-top basketball sneakers could even cause players to run slower and jump lower. Now, the contest has become a war. Companies like Adidas, Nike, Converse and Reebok are all fighting to create the next “Air Jordan,” and with the next market battle.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Are you a graduate trying to plan out the best career path for yourself? Here, some tips are given on how to go about it.A university degree is no __51___ of a job, and job hunting in itself requires a whole set of skills. if you find you are not getting past the first interview, ask yourself what is happening. Is it a(n) __52__ to communicate or are there some skills you lack? And find out what you need t do to bring yourself up to the level of __53__ that would make you more attractive t them.Do not be too discouraged if you are __54__ for a job, but think about the reasons the employers give. Those who made the second interview might have been studying the same subject as you and be of __55__ ability level, but they had something which made them a __56___ match to the selector’s ideal. That could be experience gained through projects or vacation work, or it might be that they were better at communicating what they could offer. Do not take the comments at __57__ value: think back to the interviews that generated them and make a list of where you think the shortfall in your performance lies. With this sort of analytical approach you will eventually get your foot in the door.Deciding how long you should stay in your first job is a tough call. Stay too long and future employers may question your ___58__ and ambition. Of course, it depends on where you are aiming. If you are a graduate, spending five or six years in the same job is not too long provided that you take full advantage of the __59__. However, do not use this as a(n) __60__ for lacking interest or enthusiasm. Graduates sometimes fail to take ownership of their careers and take the initiative. It is up to you to make the most of what’s available within a company, and to monitor progress in case you need to__61__. This applies particularly if you are still not sure where your career path lies. It is helpful to think through what kind of experience you need to get your __62__ job and it is not a problem to move around to a certain extent. But in the __63__ stages of your career you need a definite strategy for reaching your goal, so think about that carefully before deciding to step forward from your first job. You must cultivate __64__ to be competent for any role. There is no guarantee that you will get adequate training, and research has shown that if you do not receive proper help in a new role, it can take 18 months to __65__ it.51. A. input B. cause C. guarantee D. preparation52. A. failure B. key C. introduction D. contribution53. A. highlight B. comment C. fluency D. qualification54. A. asked B. refused C. headed D. helped55. A. different B. high C. similar D. low56. A. closer B. better C. stronger D. poorer57. A. depth B. face C. data D. test58. A. character B. personality C. behavior D. drive59. A. knowledge B. experience C. skill D. loyalty60. A. substitute B. equivalent C. excuse D. requirement61. A. pass by B. switch on C. move on D. stick to62. A. part-time B. dream C. secure D. well-paid63. A. critical B. last C. middle D. early64. A. patience B. love C. habits D. friendship65. A. know B. prohibit C. master D. selectSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Iceland, an island just south of the Arctic Circle, has fairly mild winters, thanks to warm ocean currents. Time your vacation here during the winter months to take advantage of off-season deals.Off-season means good deals on flights, hotels and tours. You may also find that the locals are a bit friendlier and more welcoming when tourists aren’t arriving in crowds. In the winter months, there are less than seven hours of daylight; thus, chances are good you’ll catch sight of the northern lights. Sun sets are also beautiful at this time, making for some great photo opportunities.In Iceland, winter is the perfect time to hike glaciers, go ice climbing, explore caves made out of hardened lava(岩浆) and much more. One of the most popular activities is off-roading(越野比赛) in a specially-equipped “super jeep”.Before booking your trip, be sure to check for volcano alerts. There are about 130 volcanoes on or around Iceland. Thirty-five of them are active. In 2010, a volcano named Eyjaallajokull exploded, sending clouds of ash up to four kilometers into the atmosphere. The ash drifted toward the UK and Europe. Because the ask could damage aircraft engines, airlines operating in the region were forced to cancel flights for six days. As a result, thousands of people were stuck in airports.Recently, another volcano named Bardarbunga has become active, erupting ash into the air. Such events, if large enough, could prevent your trip from going ahead. So check the latest volcano news prior to making your reservations.66. According to this article, why are you more likely to see the northern lights in the winter?A. They move from rural areas to cities.B. The weather is more stable at that time.C. They’re a special feature of many festivals.D. The sky is dark for lo nger periodsthen.67. According to the article, how do visitors to Iceland have fun in the winter?A. They learn how to ski down the mountains.B. They photograph famous historic sites..C. They explore the countryside in well made vehicles..D. They spend a week at one of the seaside resorts.68. What is true about the volcanoes of Iceland?A. The majority of them are quiet.B. Their age hasn’t been determined.C. All but one of them are extinct.D. Citizens aren’t affected by them.69.What does this article explain?.A. Some of Iceland’s urban cultural attractionsB. A way t reduce the cost of a trip to Iceland.C. Reasons for visiting Iceland in June and July.D. The average price for a short tour of Iceland.(B).SELF-REFLECTION OF TEACHING PRACTICES READING, WRITING,TALKINGSchool: Date:Grade(s) presently teaching:Please do not sign your name. Mark the responses that most nearly reflect your teaching practices. This is one way to reflect your practices and how much you got out of it.Keep one copy and give one to your tutor(s0.HOW OFTEN:0=never 1=rarely2=sometimes(1-2x/ week)3=moderately(3x/week) 4=often(4x/week) 5=dailyDEVELOPMENT APPROPRIATENESS:I provideopportunities for students to use literacy for theirown purposes using previous knowledge,0 1 2 3 4 5 developmentally appropriate strategies and worldexperiencesEVIRONMENT: I use flexible grouping, e.g. pairs,small groups of different levels, small needs-basedgroups, and working alone. 0 1 2 3 4 5KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTION: I provideopportunities for students to interpret literary and0 1 2 3 4 5 informational texts before, during and after readingor listening by talking, writing, enacting, drawing,etc.ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING: I asses s students’use of literacy strategies using this information to0 1 2 3 4 5 measure student progress and refocus my ownteaching.DEMONSTRATION OF STRATEGIES: I read0 1 2 3 4 5 aloud to students and write in front of them, usingliterary and informational texts.READING STRATEGIES: I instruct students to readstrategically, e.g. to reflect, predict, decode,question, connect, retell, summarize, map, etc. 0 1 2 3 4 5WRITING STRATEGIES: I provide opportunitiesfor students to work through the writing processes0 1 2 3 4 5 alone and with others, e.g. thinking about purposesand audiences, prewriting, drafting, revising, editingand publishing.SELF-SELECTION: I provide time for theself-selection of books for independent reading inthe classroom, and for book sharing.DEVELOPING MEANING: I provide clear targetsto students to develop higher levels of learning, e.g.What does it mean? Why do I need to know it? How0 1 2 3 4 5 will I use it?EXTENTION OF LEARNING: I provideopportunities and activities for students to learn0 1 2 3 4 5 more about topics of their choice throughproblem-based learning assignments, etc.BUILDING SUCCESS: I structure lessons/activitiesthat provide opportunities for all students toexperience success. 0 1 2 3 4 570. According to the passage, who most probably mark the responses in the form?A. Professional tutors.B. Language teachers.C. Personal physician.D. Psychological therapist.71. According to the passage, which frequency degree would you choose if you carry out the practice in the form not at all often?A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 372. Mr. Kent bears EXTENTION OF LEARNING idea in mind, he quite often tendsto _______.A. always set groups to encourage students to work out something by putting headstogetherB. prepare grade-level materials for teachingC. develop students reading skills during pre- while-and- post-reading stageD. provide students with extra learning materials to further their study73. Mrs. Grace likes to share her version of tasks outcome in class, which could be labeled _____.A. ASSESSMENT OF LEARNINGB. KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTIONC. DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIESD. SELF-SELECTION(C)A rapidly advancing contemporary science that is highly dependent on new tools is Earth system science. Earth system science involves observation and measurements on the Earth at all scales from the largest to the smallest. The huge amounts of data that are gathered come from many different locations and require special techniques for handling data. Important new tools that facilitate Earth system science include satellite remote sensing, small deep-sea submarines, and geographic information systems.More than any other way of gathering evidence, satellite observations continually remind us that each part of the Earth interacts with and is dependent on all other parts. Earth system science was born from the realization of that interdependence. Satellite remote sensing makes possible observations at large scales, and in many cases, measurements of factors that could not otherwise be measured. For example, the ozone hole over Antarctica--the decrease in the concentration of ozone high in the atmosphere--is measured by remote sensing, as are changes in deserts, forests, and farmlands around the world. Such measurements can be used in many areas of specialization besides Earth system science. Archaeology, for example, has benefited from satellite observations that reveal the traces of ancient trade routes across the Arabian Desert.New tools for exploring previously inaccessible areas of the Earth have also added greatly to our knowledge of the Earth system. Small deep-sea submarines allow scientists to travel to the depths of the ocean. There they have discovered new species and ecosystems thriving near deep-sea vents that emit heat, sasses, and mineral-rich water.Just as important as new methods of measurement and exploration are new ways to store and analyze data about the Earth system. Computer-based software programs known as geographic information systems, or GIS, allow a large number of data points to be stored along with their locations. These can be used to produce maps and to compare different sets of information gathered at different times. For example,satellite remote sensing images of a forest can be converted to represent stages in the forest's growth. Two such images, made at different times can be overlaid and compared, and the changes that have taken place can be represented in a new image.74. The word "facilitate" in Paragraph I is closest in meaning to ________.A. enableB. requireC. organizeD. examine75. The author of the passage mentions that satellite observations are especiallyeffective in ________.A. conducting scientific studies of life on the ocean floorB. predicting future climate changesC. providing data to determine Earth's ageD. demonstrating interactions among all of Earth's parts76. According to the passage, satellite observations of the Arabian Desert allowarchaeologists to know ________.A). indications of ancient routes B. evidence of former lakesC. traces of early farmsD. remains of ancient forests77.What is the main idea of the passage?A. special techniques are needed to classify the huge amounts of data about Earth.B. New tools provide information about Earth that was once impossible to obtain.C. Advances in Earth system science have resolved many environmental problems.D. Satellite remote sensing can show changes between two images taken years apart. Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.For a sight of an evolving technology that promises to shake video gaming to its foundation, check out “Throw Trucks With Your Mind”.Unlike most video games, it doesn't rely solely on a mouse. Instead, its players also put on a headset that enables them to throw trucks or other virtual objects simply by thinking.And that's just for starters. Advocates of so- called neurogaming(交感神经游戏)say the concept in a few years will combine a wide variety of physiological factors, from a player's heart rate and hand gestures to pupil dilation(瞳孔扩张) and emotions. Moreover, they imagine many such games being developed to improve the health, brainpower and skills of those playing them.The electroencephalography(脑电波仪), or EEG, headset used to throw trucks and other objects onto enemies was made by San Jose, California.-based NeuroSky. It measures separate brainwave frequencies that reflect how focused the player is and how calm they are, according to Lat Ware of Emeryville, California., who developed the game. The game, which can be purchased at , costs $25, or $99 with the headset.Ware, 29, said it's possible to move a pear or other small virtual object if the player is calm, but not focused, or vice versa. But he said both mental states are essential toflatten an enemy with a huge truck, which takes considerable concentration. Although only a few neurogames have been introduced so far and their action tends to be fairly limited, the games are expected to become far more challenging - and multipurpose - as the software and related technology improves.One concept being explored is to develop games that adjust their action according to the player's changing emotions. These are measured by such factors as their facial expressions, eye movement and skin- conductance(皮肤导电) levels. Another approach is to make games that influence how the player thinks and feels.Consider Los Angeles- based Melon, which, like "Throw Trucks With Your Mind," was recently launched via the online fundraising site Kickstarter. Melon officials say their first game-- which challenges players to fold origami(折纸) with their mind, using NeuroSky's EEG headset -- helps people "learn how to focus, relax and meditate better."78. According to this article, what is the purpose of developing the new kind of games?79. The function of brainwave frequencies measured by EEG made by San Jose is to _________.80. According to Ware, if you want to throw something such as a truck, you must be __________.81.What is the new idea being studied to develop more challenging and multipurpose games?(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN ELEVEN WORDS)第II卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.82.在美国和加拿大，用餐后不付小费是很失礼的事。
2015年上海市黄浦区高考英语二模试卷含答案
2015年上海市黄浦区高考英语二模试卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions： After reading the passages below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.1. Positive thinking can help you win．Some athletes can reach great goals such as the achievement of an Olympic gold medal．Others never live up to their promise．What kind of preparation before （25）________ race or other event makes the difference？Everyone knows that athletes spare no effort （26）________ （strengthen） their bodies．But researches show that strengthening the mind may be just as important．Careful study indicates that the best athletes win partly （27）________ theythink they can win．Thinking positive thoughts seems to give the possibility for success in sports．People who say to themselves over and over"I know I （28）________ do this．"often find they have the advantage to win．On the other hand，people often fail who think"I can't win．"One procedure （29）________ helps many athletes is creating pictures in the mind．They are told to think of each move they must do．Some use more fanciful pictures．One skater liked to imagine a star bursting inside her，（30）________（fill） her with energy．Another athlete who wanted to feel calm pictured himself as a bird floating in the air．Next time you want to make progress，try training your mind to help you．Perhaps a teacher or other instructor can help you plan your training．If you imagine yourself doing （31）________ （well），you may soon see improvement in （32）________ you really can do．Positive thinking and pictures created in your mind can help you win!2.Two British coloniesAustralia，the last continent，was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the 17tℎ century．These nations were less interested in changing it into a colony than exploring it．As in the early history of the United States，it was the English （33）________ set up the settlements in America．This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some （34）________ things in common．Australia and the United States are about equal in size，and neither of their western lands are rich in soil．It was along the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled，and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west．However，this Westward Movement took place more because the English （35）________ （search） for better land than because the population was increasing．Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold （36）________ （discover） in America in1849and in Australia two years later．Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common，there are some striking differences as well．The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without （37）________ （go） to war．Australia，firstly （38）________ （turn） into a colony by English prisoners，was unlike the United States，and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheepraising．By 1922，for example，Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people，or almost half as many sheep as there are people now in the United States．Yet，（39）________ these and other main differences，Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one （40）________ （have） with the rest of the world．Section BDirections： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.3.Whenever I travel，I meet international leaders who have studied in Britain．These energetic，intelligent people chose Britain because we offer high quality higher education．This is good news for the UK．People who are educated here have a （1）_______ tie to our country．They promote Britain around the world，helping our trade and our diplomacy．It is easier for our executives and our diplomats to do business with people （2）_______ with Britain．British exports of education and training are worth some eight billion pounds a year．Money feeds into our institutions and helps our （3）_______ to open up opportunities for more people to study．Our young people also （4）_______．They gainfrom the doors in the world which contact with international students．We can teach，but we can also learn from others．Nowadays，we are launching a long﹣term strategy to strengthen the United Kingdom as a first choice for the quality of study and the quality of our （5）_______ to international students．This will be a UK﹣wide and a Government﹣wide effort．We are （6）_______ a package of measures to help encourage students from overseas to study in the UK．We will offer international students more open doors．…We have the measures in place，but we are also （7）_______ tough targets for recruitment （招募）．We want to have 25 percent of the global market share of higher education students and we want to increase the number of international students studying in Further Education institutions by 100 percent．Our aim is to （8）_______ these targets in 5 years．Tough targets，but deliverable．While giving these undertakings，I also want to lay down a challenge to others．To business﹣I ask you to （9）_______ with the British Council overseas to market education．And to universities and colleges﹣I ask you to live up to your （10）_______，to professionalise your approach，to deliver a quality education to overseas students that encourages involvement and rises to the challenge of our competitors，towork as partners together．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.4. The United States does not have a government office that regulates the film industry．Government, （1）_______, does link with the movie business in several ways．In the United States, films generally come from two （2）_______: large studios that produce many films and television programs each year and independentfilmmakers, including both students and experienced filmmakers．Sometimes﹣through grants from universities or arts or humanities councils﹣independent filmmakers do receive （3）_______ indirectly from funding that originated with the local, state, or federal government, but more often funding comes from private investors or through charity organizations （4）_______ either promotion of arts or promotion of a cause being addressed by a film．While there is no （5）_______ of film, there are many government offices that interact with the film industry．At the state and local levels, government film offices promote local film locations because use of their locale brings employment and other （6）_______ advantages to promote local tourist sites．These offices also help filmmakers work with the police and others to （7）_______ filming that impacts traffic, uses public buildings, or otherwise needs special consideration．（8）_______, government organizations, especially the branches of the military, have offices that help coordinate（协调） filmmakers'use of facilities, equipment, and even personnel．It would be （9）_______, for example, for a filmmaker to construct a make﹣believe aircraft carrier or to hire a cast of extras to be in the （10）_______ of a movie who look like real soldiers, sailors, airmen, or marines （whose haircuts, fitness levels, and posture are often different from that of civilian （群众） actors）．The military is willing to make their facilities （11）_______, within reason, for approved projects, and each branch has an office that handles these requests．Other branches of the government （12）_______ requests to use public spaces and buildings, such as monuments or parks．Many years ago, the U．S．government did produce quite a few feature films and worked closely with Hollywood on films that would encourage public morale during wartime．However, since World War II, these programs have been （13）_______ due to a combination of budgetary and philosophical concerns．The United States Information Agency, （14）_______, for many years produced films for exhibition to overseas audiences to complement its other educational programs．One such film, John F．Kennedy: Years of Lightning, Day of Drums, a posthumous contribution to the president, even won the1965Academy Award for best documentary．This （15）_______, now a part of the U．S．Department of State, no longer produces such feature films．（1）A thereforeB moreoverC howeverD otherwise（2）A factorsB sourcesC studiosD methods（3）A criticismB invitationC supportD guidance（4）A regarded asB compared toC made ofD concerned with（5）A ministryB featureC promotionD need（6）A educationalB economicC enormousD effective（7）A cooperate withB focus onC arrange forD make up（8）A HopefullyB SimilarlyC SurprisinglyD Obviously（9）A flexibleB impatientC neutralD difficult（10）A industryB backgroundC civilizationD entrance（11）A academicB artificialC availableD apparent（12）A addressB introduceC receiveD propose（13）A promotedB initiatedC eliminatedD highlighted（14）A for exampleB by contrastC in realityD as a whole（15）A agentB programC directorD organizationSection BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.5. [1]"Maybe when I'm 90 years old, I'll get used to having everything I do taken for granted, "a young homemaker told a secret to her neighbor, "If Bill would compliment me once in a while, he'd make my life much happier．"[2]Few of us realize how much we need encouragement．Yet we must bask（沐浴于） in the warmth of approval now and then or lose our self﹣confidence．[3]All of us need to feel needed and admired．But unless we hear words of praise from someone else, how can we know that we are valued friends or co﹣workers?[4]Anyone who wants to improve his relationships with others need only show a sympathetic understanding．The way to express this understanding and to give others the feeling of importance and worthiness boils down to this: always look for something in the other person you can admire and praise and tell him about it．[5]We each have a mental picture of ourselves, a self﹣image．To find life reasonably satisfying, that self﹣image must be one we can live with, one we can like．When we are proud of our self﹣image, we feel confident and free to be ourselves．We function at our best．When we are ashamed of our self﹣image, we attempt to hide it rather than express it．We become hard to get along with．[6]A miracle happens to the person whose self﹣pride has been raised．He suddenly likes other people better．He is kinder and more cooperative with those around him．Praise is the polish that helps keep his self﹣image bright and sparkling．[7]What has this to do with your giving praise? A lot．You have the ability to perform that kind of miracle in another person．When you add to his self﹣pride, you make him want to like you and to cooperate with you．[8]In a classic bit of advice, Lord Chesterfield suggested to his son that he should follow the example of the Duke de Nivernoise: "You will recognize that he makes people pleased with him by making them first pleased with themselves．"[9]The effects of Praise can be great indeed．A new minister called to a church whose members were jokingly referred to as"a refrigerator"by other ministers decided against criticizing his people for their coolness toward strangers．Instead, he began welcoming visitors and telling them how friendly the members of the church were．Things gradually changed．"Praise transformed the ice﹣cube members into warmhearted human beings, "he said．（1）From paragraph[1]and paragraph[2]we can learn that________．A the young homemaker had a thirst for Bill's praise．B the neighbor reminded Bill to compliment the homemaker．C it is well﹣known that we all need encouragement very much．D getting other people's approval leads to losing self﹣confidence．（2）According to the passage，we become difficult to get on with probably because________．A we want to show our self﹣image． B we are not satisfied with our self﹣image． C a miracle happens to other people． D we are ashamed of being praised．（3）The example in paragraph[8]tells us that________．A Lord Chesterfield advised his son to praise the Duke de Nivernois．B the Duke de Nivernois made Lord Chesterfield pleased with his son．C praising other people will help win other people's compliment．D receiving words of praise should go before praising other people．（4）In paragraph[9]，"a refrigerator"was quoted probably because________．A it was always freezing cold in the church．B the new minister criticized his peoplecoolly． C the church took the shape of a refrigerator． D the members of the church were unfriendly to strangers．MONDAY, 13: 00The World Behind Your Twith a design to assembling mock T10Social Change Ways Make You a Ballerglobe that are making a differenceIs ________ the Future of Food?（1）Each expert workshop________．A runs only once on Monday afternoon．B lasts about two or three hours a time．C is hosted by two experts in different fields．D is held in a separate ballroom．（2）The workshop in Ballroom A is aimed to help the participants________．A study the global economy through the lens of the T﹣shirt．B start the journey of a typical factory around the world．C meet the people that make the clothes which we wear．D go through every stage of assembling mock T﹣shirts．（3）Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the workshop in Ballroom B？________A April Wright and Janice Tsai will host the workshop．B This workshop will expose the myth of a social changemaker．C The hosts will share some real examples of young people over the world．D You'll learn about some big and small differences made in some communities．（4）"Aquaponics"mentioned in the last workshop probably refers to________．A the introduction of future food．B a traditional agriculture method．C an eco﹣system for food production．D a test on chemicals and pesticides．7. The late 1980s found the landscape of popular music in America dominated by a distinctive style of rock and roll known as glam rock or hair metal﹣so called because of the over﹣styled hair, makeup, and clothes worn by the style's shining rockers．Bands like Poison, Whitesnake, and Motley Crue popularized glam rock with their power songs and flashy style, but the product had worn thin by the early 1990s．Just as superficial as the80s, glam rockers were shallow, short on substance, and musically inferior．In 1991, a Seattle﹣based band called Nirvana shocked the corporate music industry with the release of its first single, "Smells Like Teen Spirit, "which quickly became a huge hit all over the world．Nirvana had simply mainstreamed a sound and culture that got its start years before with bands like Mudhoney, Soundgarden, and Green River．Grunge（垃圾）rockers derived their fashion sense from the youth culture of the Pacific Northwest: a mixing of punk（鬅客）rock style and outdoors clothing like heavy boots, worn out jeans, and so on．At the height of the movement's opportunity, when other Seattle bands like Pearl Jam and Alice in Chains were becoming popular, the trappings of grunge were working their way to the height of American fashion．Like the music, the teenagers were fast to accept the grunge fashion because it represented rebellion against shallow pop culture．The popularity of grunge music was momentary; by the mid﹣to late﹣1990s, its influence upon American culture had all but disappeared, and most of its recognizable bands were nowhere to be seen to the charts．The heavy sound and themes of grunge were replaced on the radio waves by boy bands like the Backstreet Boys, and the bubblegum pop of Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera．There are many reasons why the Seattle sound faded out of the mainstream as quickly as it rocketed to distinction, but the most glaring reason lies at the rebellion, anti﹣establishment heart of the grunge movement itself．It is very hard to resist the trend when you are the one setting it, and many of the grunge bands were never comfortable with the fame that was brought to them．Eventually, the simple fact that many grunge bands were so against mainstream rock stardom （明星地位） took the movement back to where itstarted: underground．The fickle American mainstream public, as quick as they were to hop on to the grunge bandwagon, were just as quick to hop off and move on to something else．（1）Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph？________A The landscape of popular music was dominated by rock and roll from 1980．B The rock and roll formed a distinctive style just because of the over﹣styled hair．C Glam rock became popular with the help of Poison，Whitesnake and Britney Spears．D Glamrockers were shallow，short on substance，and their music was humble．（2）It was not long before teenagers welcomed grunge fashion because________．A it would represent the youth culture．B grunge rockers told them to acceptit． C they were tired of Glam Rock fashion． D it resisted the shallowness of pop culture．（3）What is the difference between glam rock and grunge rock？________A Glam rock was flashier，while grunge rock was rebellious．B Glam rock appealed to teenagers，while grunge rock appealed to adults．C Glam rock faded quickly，while grunge rock is still popular．D Glam rock was more commercially successful than grunge rock．（4）What is the writer trying to document in this passage？________A The popularity of glam rock．B Nirvana's role in popularizing grungerock． C The rise and fall of grunge rock． D The reasons why young people loved grunge rock．8. Section C Directions：Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．By the mid﹣19th century most of Europe was in the first stage of the demographic（人口的）transition．Death rate had decreased，as wars，famines（饥荒） and diseases had； local food shortages were rarer，thanks to better economic organization and transport； public health，medical care and the control of infectious diseases had improved．The population increased rapidly，as Malthus had predicted．Between 1800 and 1900 Europe's population doubled，to over 400 million，whereas that of Asia，further behind in the demographic transition，increased by less than 50%，to about 950 million．But something else was happening there that would have taken Malthus by surprise：as people came to expect to live longer，and better，they started to have fewer children．They realised they no longer needed several babies just to ensure that two orthree would survive．And as they moved from country to town，they also found that children were no longer an economic property that could be set to work at an early age，but a responsibility to be fed，housed and （some of them） educated，for years．Worse，with too many children，a mother would find it hard to take and keep a job，to add to the family income．Nor were the young any longer a guarantee against a poor old age：in the new industrial society，they were likelier to go their own way．Thanks to Europe's newborn limitation，in the past 100 years or so its population has risen only 80%，to 730 million，and most countries'birth rate is now so low that numbers are unchanging or falling．But their composition is very different from the past：better living standards，health condition and medical treatment are multiplying old heads，even as the number of young ones shrinks．In contrast，Asia's population over the same time has nearly increased four times，to more than 3.6 billion．North America's too has grown almost as fast，but largely thanks to immigration．Africa's has multiplied 5 times，and Latin America's nearly sevenfold．Why these differences？From around 1950，death rate in developing countries also beganto fall，and much faster than it ever had in Europe．The knowledge about how to avoid premature death of small children travelled so readily that life expectancy in many poor countries is now not far behind the rich world's．But the attitudes and values that persuade people to have fewer children are taking longer to adjust．（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）78．What prediction did Malthus make？________79．Give one reason to explain why people started to have fewer children according to paragraph 2．________________________________________80．Besides medical treatment，________ are the other two factors that contribute to the increasing number of old people．81．Why has the population in developing countries increased faster than it has in Europein the last century？________．I. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9. 这个协议将为两国的合作铺平道路．（pave）________．10. 据说那位年轻教授当众反对了校长的提议．（object）________．11. 一旦那个工程师下定决心，就没有谁能说服他改变最初的决定．（once）________．12. 昨天我把那台不能用的空调退还给了出售它的商店并得到了退款．（where）________．13. 大卫得知要参加即将在北京举行的决赛后是如此激动以致于彻夜未眠．（So…that…）________．II. Guided Writing Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.14. 近期，你就影响选择大学的考虑因素在高三学生中做了调研，结果如图所示，请结合图表信息写一份调研报告，须包括以下内容：1．图表产生的背景和基本内容；2．就你个人而言，你会考虑哪些因素？请列出其中你认为相对重要的两项因素，并说明原因．2015年上海市黄浦区高考英语二模试卷答案1. a,to strengthen,because,can,which/that,filling,better,what2. who/that,other,were searching,was discovered,going,turned,despite,has3. G,C,E,A,B,J,E,D,K,H4. CBCDABCBDBCACAD5. ABCD6. DABC7. DDAC8. That the population would increase rapidly,They no longer needed several babies to ensure theirsurvival．/,Childrenwerenolongeraneconomicpropertyforworking/,Childrenwerearesponsi bilitytobefed，housedandeducated/,Having too many children made a mother hard to work．/,The young were no longer a guarantee against the old．/…,better living standards and health condition,Becausethedeathrateindevelopingcountriesfallsmuchfaster9. This agreement will pave the way for the cooperation between the two countries．10. It was said that the young professor objected to the headmaster's proposal in public．11. Nobody can persuade the engineer to change his original decision once he has made up his mind．12. Yesterday I returned the useless air﹣conditioner to the shop where it was sold/I bought it and got a/the refund．13. SoexcitedwasDavidthathefailedtofallasleepthewholenightwhen/afterhelearnedthathewo uldparticipateinthefinalcompetitiontobeheldinBeijing14. With the college entrance examination approaching，Some senior middle school graduates have different opinions on how to choose their majors and universities（高分句型一）．So we did a research on the problem among 500 students in Grade Three．（图表产生的背景）According to the reseach，About 175 students insist that the choice should be based on their own interest．They say interest is the way leading to success．They think it a miserable thing to be obliged to study what they have no interest in．However，150students think that whether the college is famous is the most important．Only in a famous college will they be able to have a good jod in the future．About 90 of the students，however，consider it is the amount of the fee that matters a lot，for，they say，they will not add too much abanden to their parents（高分句型二）．Interestingly，70 students think it is important whether to go to the shool is convinient．They say that they will stay the school for about 4 years，so the location of the school is important．（图表展示的基本内容）In my opinion，interest is the most important of all．Without interest you can't study the subject very well and may have more difficult with your career．Besides，the advice offered by their parents or teachers is worth considering because they have more social experience than us．So we should attach importance to their advice．（自己考虑的因素）。
【VIP专享】上海市2015高三英语二模试卷
上海市2015高三英语二模试卷Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition __51_____ may contain 350 pages of advertisements. Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to __52_____. Then there is television. The vast majority of television ads today consist of brief advertising spots, __53_____ in length from a few seconds to several minutes. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit through three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been ___54____ 360,000 TV ads. Television advertises in airports, hospital waiting rooms, and schools. Major sporting events are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high speed ___55____. Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisements. One top-ranking basketball player earned $3.9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that much to ___56____ their products.There is no escape. Commercial ads are __57_____ on walls, buses, and trucks. They___58____ the inside of taxis and subways --even the doors of public toilets. __59_____ messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevators --and __60____ we are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to___61____ the junk mail.___62____ Insiders’ Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency, the estimated amount of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have soared to $411.6 billion for 1997 and $434.4 billion for 1998. Big money.What is the __63____ of all of this? One analyst put it this way: “Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell __64____ than products. They sell images, values, goals, __65_____ of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our behavior.”51. A. lonely B. alone C. singly D. individually52. A. commerce B. consumers C. commercials D. contracts53. A. ranging B. varying C. changing D. adjusting54. A. taken to B. spent in C. expected of D. exposed to55. A. flashes B. billboards C. attractions D. messages56. A. improve B. promote C. urge D. update57. A. symbolized B. illustrated C. demonstrated D. displayed58. A. modify B. decorate C. polish D. fix59. A. Audio B. Studio C. Oral D. Video60. A. since B. while C. unless D. if61. A. throw away B. lay down C. blow out D. break down62. A. Except for B. Apart from C. According to D. Including in63. A. effect B. affect C. result D. purpose64. A. less B. same C. similar D. more65. A. outlooks B. opinions C. concepts D. implicationsAFor four lonely years, Evelyn Jones of Rockford, Illinois, lived friendless and forgotten in one room of a cheap hotel. “I wasn’t sick, but I was acting sick,” the 78-year-old widow says, “Every day was the same. I would just lie on my bed and maybe cook up some soup.” Then, six months ago, she was invited to The Brighter Side -- Rockford’s day care center for the elderly. Every weekday morning since then, she has left her home to meet nine other old people in a church for a rich program of charity work, trips, games, and -- most important of all -- friendly companionship.Just a few years ago, there were few choices for the elderly between a normal life in their own homes and being totally confined in nursing homes. Many of them were sent to rest homes long before they needed full-time care. Others like Mrs. Jones were left to take care of themselves. But in 1971, the White House Conference on Aging called for the development of alternatives to care in nursing homes for old people, and since then, government-supported day-care programs like The Brighter Side have been developed in most big American cities.“This represents a real alternative to the feared institution and makes old people believe they have not left the world of living”, says Alice Brophy, 64, director of New York City’s Office for the Aging, “They do well at the centers, and I hate it when people describe us as elderly playpens（婴儿扶栏）.” New York’s 138 centers encourage continuing contact for the aged with the community’s life. The centers serve more than 15,000 members, and volunteer workers are always looking for new ones. If someone doesn’t show up at the center for several days in a row, a worker at the center calls to make sure all is well. And although participation in the center is free, those who want to can pay for their lunches.No normal studies have been made of these centers for the elderly, but government officials are enthusiastic. In the future, the Public Health Service will do a study to decide if the programs can receive federal Medicare money. And the old people themselves are very happy with the programs. “There is no way”, says Evelyn Jones, smiling at her new companions at the Brighter Side, “that I will ever go back to spending my day with all those loses at the hotel.”66. According to the passage, many old people went to the nursing homes because______________.A. They are in urgent need of full-time care.B. They were rather willing to go there.C. They were sent there.D. They were volunteers there.67. We can conclude from the statements of Alice Brophy that______________.A. the centers are like elderly playpens.B. the old people do well at the day care centers.C. old people like nursing institutions.D. outside the Brighter side they don’t work for the old.68. What’s author’s attitude towards the program of day care centers?A. pessimistic.B. concerned.C. neutral.D. optimistic.69. What is the main idea of the article?A. Day care centers may be able to receive federal Medicare money.B. Day care centers can make life better for elderly people.C. Many old people in the United States are lonely.D. Old people have no place in their society.BBiographyNicole Mary Kidman, AC (born 20 June 1967) is an American-born Australian actress, fashion model, singer and humanitarian. She is also known for her marriage to Tom Cruise, to whom she was married for 11 years and adopted two children, and her current marriage to country musician Keith Urban, with whom she has two biological daughters. As a result of being born to Australian parents in Hawaii, Kidman has dual citizenship in Australia and the United States. The following is a list of movies that Kidman has been involved with.Dead Calm (1989)After starring in a number of small Australian films and TV shows, Kidman's breakthrough was in the 1989 thriller Dead Calm. It was based on the 1963 novel of the same name by Charles Williams. The film was directed by Australian filmmaker Phillip Noyce and filmed around the Great Barrier Reef.Day of Thunder (1990)Days of Thunder is a 1990 American auto racing film released by ParamountPictures，bringing her worldwide recognition. The cast includes Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman and Robert Duvall. This is the first of three films to star both Cruise and Kidman (the other two being Far and Away and Eyes Wide Shut).Batman Forever (1995)Batman Forever is a 1995 American superhero film directed by Tim Burton, based on the DC Comics character Batman. The plot focuses on Batman trying to stop Two-Face (Jones) and the Riddler (Carrey) in their villainous scheme to bring the city under their control. The film was released on June 16, 1995, receiving mixed reviews, but was a financial success.Moulin Rouge! (2001)Kidman’s performance in the musical Moulin Rouge! (2001) earned her a second Golden Globe Award and first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. It tells the story of a young English poet/writer, Christian (Ewan McGregor), who falls in love with the terminally-ill star of the Moulin Rouge, cabaret actress and courtesan Satine (Nicole Kidman).The Hours (2002)Kidman's performance as Virginia Woolf in the drama film The Hours (2002) received critical acclaim and earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress and a Silver Bear for Best Actress. The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf, who, in 1920s England, isstruggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel.Rabbit Hole (2010)The screenplay of Rabbit Hole is an adaptation by David Lindsay Abaire of his 2005 play of the same name. Kidman produced the project via her company, Blossom Films. The plot deals with a couple struggling to heal after the death of their young son. Kidman was critically admired for her performance as Becca Corbett and received Academy Award and Golden Globe Award.Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search70. Which of the following statements about Nicole Kidman is true?A.Kidman has dual nationality because of being born to American parents in Australia.B.Kidman and Cruise gave birth to two children in their 11-year marriage.C.Kidman was known for TV shows before receiving recognition in motion picture industry.D.Far and Away was the first movie Kidman stared with her ex-husband.71. ___________ are based on the former works.A. Dead Calm, Moulin Rouge! and The HoursB. Batman Forever, Dead Calm and Rabbit HoleC. Day of Thunder, Batman Forever and The HoursD. The Hours, Batman Forever and Rabbit Hole72. The underlined word “acclaim” has the similar meaning to ___________.A. criticismB. complimentC. complaintD. comment73. Where can we probably find the article?A. A reference siteB. A fashion magazineB. An auto-biography D. A national newspaperC“The Heart of the Matter,” the newly-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for attaching the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by federal states and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors(捐助者) and others to maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education. In response, the AAAS formed the Committee on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the Committee’s 51 members are top-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as distinguished figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because the government supports full literacy (识字) of citizens, the report stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the introduction of a series of curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning into practice on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2 years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The committee ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive”.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legal intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well hold back reform by obscuring(遮蔽) the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to clarify.74. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to___________.A. maintain people’s interest in liberal educationB. define the government’s role in educationC. keep a leading position in liberal educationD. safeguard individuals’ rights to education75. Which one of the following statements about what the AAAS plan suggests is true ?A. An exclusive study of American history.B. A greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.C. The application of emerging technologies. D. Funding for the study of foreign languages.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.A. professors are routinely supportive of free marketsB. intellectual investigation are put great value on in collegeC. progressive public policy is out of boundaries of proper studyD. professors have prejudice against classical liberal ideas77. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal EducationB. Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”C. Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”“D. Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education答案BCADB BDBAB ACADCCBDB CBBA CCDB。
浦东新区2015高三英语二模试卷
浦东新区2015高三英语二模试卷英语试卷第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A. He wants part of each piece of cloth.B. He can’t tear either piece of cloth.C. The pieces of cloth seem the same to him.D. The pieces of cloth are made by a secret process.2. A. At home. B. In the hospital. C. At work. D. At the store.3. A. Rita has moved away. B. It is not her affair.C. She doesn’t know.D. She doesn’t like Rita.4. A. 85433050 B.85430050 C.85345005 D. 854333535. A. He hasn’t had time to try it on yet. B. It doesn’t fit him very well.C. He needs a green shirt to have a change.D. He’s not sure he likes the pattern.6. A. $1.40 B. $4.60 C. $4.30 D. $8.607. A. Give Jane a call. B. Go back home.C. Ask the police for help.D. Wait for a few more minutes.8. A. She couldn’t hear anything.B. She didn’t think the man could under stand her.C. She couldn’t understand why the man didn’t recognize her.D. She couldn’t follow the man.9. A. Why the man needs to return. B. What makes the man worried.C. Which classroom the man is going to.D. What book the man needs to get.10. A. She didn’t expect the lecture to be so long. B. She is going to give a lecture herself.C. She was excited by the lecture.D. She is tired.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. List ening to people’s talks in public. B. Enjoying talking to people.C. Amusing people in public.D. Criticizing others on the bus.12. A. Arguing with each other. B. Talking about their families.C. Playing a word game.D. Whispering to each other.13. A. It’s surprising. B. It’s amusing.C. It’s quite boring.D. It’s extremely exciting.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Some students neglected their lessons and they even skipped classes.B. The two students were so thirsty for knowledge that they got to school early to do theirassignment.C. The two teenagers were caught by the police because they broke into the school.D. The story happened in the United States.15. A. He was an eastern suburban boy of five years old.B. He was a schoolboy.C. He was a boy of two from eastern suburbs.D. He was a black boy of two.16. A. 5% B. 2% C. 6% D. 10%Section CBlanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation·Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A(A)What should you take in with you when you take an exam? Pen, pencil, eraser, ruler … and don’t forget a bottle of water!According to a study held in London, students ___25___(bring) water into exams may improve their grades by up to 10%. Scientists in UK did the study on 448 students. The students were studying for a different degree at the University of East London. Only 25% of them entered the exam hall with water. Scientists then compared their exam results with their normal schoolwork grades. They found that all those who ___26___(bring) water with them got better grades by 2% to10%. Scientists also predicted the students’ scores according to their normal schoolwork. They wrote down their possible scores on paper ___27___ the students took exams.It is unclear ___28___ drinking water improves exam results. But scientists say having enough water in our bodies and not feeling thirsty could have a helpful effect on our brains. Drinking water may also reduce anxiety,___29____ has a bad effect on exam performances.“___30____the explanation is, it is clear that students ___31___try hard to stay hydrated (含水的) with water during exams,” one of the scientists said. So next time, when you are going to have a big exam, try__32___(furnish) yourself with a bottle of water. It may help you pass the exam!(B)Without any previous notice, a documentary dominated headlines and social websites over the weekend.Under the Dome, a 103-minute documentary ___33___(self-fund) by former news anchor Chai Jing, ___34___(release) in China on Feb 28. It has rapidly pushed the public awareness about air pollution and encouraged people to join in ___35___effort to make a difference.Chai, 39, said she started the work out of her “personal clashes” with smog after she gave birth to a daughter. “I sealed tight all the windows. I sta rted every day by checking the air pollution index,” Chai said. Millions of other people are doing the same. While they stop there, Chai goes much ___36___(deep). “I don't want to live in this way. I need to find out where the smog comes from and what on e arth is going on”Chai's research reveals that it is the burning of coal and oil ___37___contributes to 60 percent of PM2.5 pollutants. She then goes on to disclose loopholes in car emissions regulations. Some of the laws have been in place for years, ___38___ have never been applied. The film also explains that businesses are pressured not to obey the law because violating them carries little or no cost, while making changes pushes up costs. The film also points at China's petroleum and steel industries ___39___the biggest sources of air pollution.Chai goes on to list the things ordinary people can do___40___(help) and sums everything up by calling for individual responsibility in reporting illegal emissions via the hotline 12369.Section BThe regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana (大麻). That is the statement of researchers who have found that ___41___ away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the user’s IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares ___42___ with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have described the phenomenon of ___43___ stupidity as “infomania(咨询强迫症)”. The research conducted by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded that it is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men.It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person’s mind. It can cause a ___44___ distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentratin g on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of ___45___ to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. The report also added that, in a long term, the brain will be ___46___ shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life. At a microcellular level, the ___47___ networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brain actually change in response to certain experiences.Too much use of mod ern technology can be damaging not only to a person’s mind, but to their social relationship. 1100 adults were interviewed during the research. More than 62 per cent of them admitted that they were ___48___ to checking their e-mails and text messages so often that they examined work-related ones carefully even when at home or on holiday. Half said that they always responded immediately to an email and will even interrupt a meeting to do so. It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and ___49___ an d affecting one’s characteristics. Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mailsor messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude.The effects on IQ were studied by Dr Glenn Wilson, a psychologist at University of London. “This is a very real and widespread phenomenon,” he said. “We have found that infomania will damage a worker’s performance by reducing their mental ___50___ and changing their social life. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of workin g.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ASometimes when you take a common drug, you may have a side effect. That is, the drug may cause some effect other than its ___51___ one. When these side effects occur, they are called adverse reactions. ___52___ you have an adverse reaction, you should stop taking the drug right away. Ask your doctor whether he can suggest a drug that will ___53___ the symptoms but that will not cause the adverse reaction. If an adverse reaction to a drug is serious, consult your doctor for advice at once.Drugs that are ___54___ in the dosage(剂量) stated on the label may be dangerous in large doses. As for aspirin, it is ___55___ thought of as dangerous, but there are many reports of accidental poisoning of young children who swallow too many for their young bodies to handle. In adults, ___56___ use of some pain-killing drugs may cause severe kidney damage. Some drugs for relief of stomach upsets, when taken in excess, can cause an upset in the body’s secretion of enzymes(酶的分泌), perhaps bringing about serious digestive problems. You should never use any over-the-counter drug on a regular, continued ___57___, or in large quantities, except on your doctor’s advice. You could be suffering from a serious illness that needs a doctor’s care.Each drug you take not only acts on the body but may also ___58___ the effect of any other drug you are taking. Sometimes, the consequences of this change can lead to dangerous or even fatal reactions. ___59___, aspirin increases the blood-thinning effect of drugs given to patients with heart disease. ___60___, a patient who has been taking such a drug may___61___ hemorrhage(出血) if he uses aspirin every time he gets a headache. When it comes to ___62___ certain drugs can safely be used together, you should ask your doctor and follow his advice.Alcohol may increase the effect of a drug. With alcohol, sleeping pills and antihistamines are likely to produce drowsiness(半醒半睡). When taking any drug, you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in ___63___ with the medicine.Experts believe there is a relationship between adult abuse of legitimate(合法的) medicines and the drug culture that has swept our country. You can do your share to ___64___ the chances of your children’s becoming part of the drug culture by treating all medicines with ___65___.51.A. imagined B. intended C. created D. extended52.A. Wherever B. Whatever C. Whenever D. However53.A. reduce B. recover C. relieve D. remove54.A. safe B. reliable C. adequate D. available55.A. merely B. generally C. particularly D. hardly56.A. adequate B. excessive C. direct D. full57.A. basis B. ground C. level D. control58.A. have B. create C. alter D. take59.A. In addition B. In conclusion C. By contrast D. For example60.A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Namely61.A. avoid B. discover C. slow D. risk62.A. how B. whether C. what D. when63.A. combination B. harmony C. association D. comparison64.A. increase B. improve C. reduce D. take65.A. respect B. doubt C. patience D. permissionSection B(A)Anthropology sophomore Van Truong recently combined art and biology to excel at her final exam in December. While most of her college mates used lists and flashcards to memorize stuff, Van used a whiteboard to write out all her notes in the form of ‘Starry Night’, Van Gogh’s famous masterpiece.“I knew I had to study for this exam, and I knew I’d be writing on this whiteboard for hours,” she said. “So I thought, ‘Wouldn’t it be funny if I did it in a form where people didn’t know how to feel about it?’”So when she got to Smathers Library on the University of Florida’s Gainesville campus, she started to write down all her notes with the words forming a replica（复制品）of Van Gogh’s iconic painting. Three hours later, the masterpiece was complete.Truong said that the special technique helped her keep awake during the tiring study session, and actually learn more than she normally would have. “I knew if I had to read through a packet of notes, I’d fall asleep,” she admitted. “I don’t know if I would have lasted three hours just going through notes. I can explain chronologically the order of where I placed each word on that Starry Night replica better than a sequence of events in evolutionary history.”And the reason she chose ‘Starry Night’ was because of its composition. She realized that a painting of a person might look disjointed if made out of words. But she could easily make the sentences look like Van Gogh’s b eautiful, wavy brush strokes.The young anthropology student is no stranger to original art. Last year, she and a friend recreated Leonardo Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa using seaweed(海带) that had washed up on shore near her home.66. Unlike her college mates, Van Truong __________.A. used flashcards to memorise exam facts.B. reviewed her notes in the form of Van Gogh’s painting.C. combined words and biology to achieve a better exam performance.D. went to the library to complete Van Gogh’s replica.67. Which of the following is Not an advantage the special technique brought her?A. It kept her refreshed and focused.B. It made her learning more productive.C. It fought off the boredom of mechanical memorization.D. It improved her understanding of Van Gogh’s masterpiece.68. The reason why she preferred ‘Starry Night’ to a portrait was that_________.A. she previously wrote a composition about ‘Starry Night’B. words would look separate and disconnected in a portraitC. sentences fitted in with the strokes of ‘Starry Night’better.D. she could produce more beautiful sentences in ‘Starry Night’69. What’s the best title of this passage?A. A Diligent StudentB. A Creative LearnerC. An Enthusiastic ArtistD. A Follower of Van Gogh(B)The most powerful streaming stick Fire TV StickStreaming media HDMI stick with Netflix, amazon Prime Instant Video, music, games and more.$89.00What is Fire TV StickFire TV Stick connects your HDTV to a world of online entertainment. Whether you're a VIP member or not, enjoy a huge selection of movies and TV episodes, voice search that actually works, and exclusive features like ASAP(Advanced Streaming and Prediction) . VIP members enjoy unlimited, commercial-free streaming of tens of thousands of popular movies and TV shows, rent videos from just 99 cents, or kick back with your favorite sports, news, music, and games.The Most Powerful Streaming Media StickFrom the responsive interface (界面) to instant search results, everything about Fire TV Stick is fast and fluid. You shouldn’t have to wait 10 seconds for a video to buffer every time you press “Play.” Advanced Streaming and Prediction for Amazon Instant Video learns what movies and shows you like and gets them ready for you to watch. The more you use Fire TV Stick, the more accurate ASAP becomes, dynamically adapting to your viewing habits.Say it, watch itDownload the Fire TV Remote App to instantly search TV shows, movies, actors, and genres using just your voice—no more typing with your remote to find what you want. The app is supported on many Android phones and tablets, iOS phones and tablets, Fire Phone, and Fire HDX & Fire HD tablets with microphones.V oice search on Fire TV Stick is powered by the same voice search engine as Amazon Fire TV and is supported for the entirety of Amazon’s video, app, and game catalog, plus for Hulu Plus, Crackle, Vevo and Showtime Anytime. We will continue to integrate additional content partners over time.Bring Your Small Screen to the Big ScreenClick the “fling” icon on your Fire phone or tablet to send video and audio to your big screen, leaving you free to use your Amazon mobile device for other tasks. With Second Screen, learn more about TV shows and movies playing on Fire TV Stick with Amazon-exclusive X-Ray, powered by IMDb. Dive deep in-scene to explore characters, trivia, music, and more. When you’re done watching, simply bring everything back to your tablet with a touch.70. To buy a Fire TV Stick, you need to search the Amazon under the category of ________.A. electronicsB. cell-phones and accessoriesC. home appliancesD. grocery71. The Fire TV Stick boasts of its exclusive feature ASAP because _______.A. it connects users to a world of online entertainmentB. it accommodates user s’ taste and prepare videos in advanceC. users can download movies onto their computer as soon as possibleD. users can instantly search for their favorite TV shows, movies, etc.72. _______is a must for voice search.A. Speaking to the television speakerB. Pressing the remote controlC. Talking to the tablet microphoneD. Typing on the keyboard73. Which of the following statement is Not True with a Fire TV Stick?A. users can search actors and genres using voice.B. users can shift channels with their mobile phones.C. users can project their video on the tablet onto an HDTV.D. users can enjoy numerous commercial-free movies and TV shows.(C)On March 9th, Apple, probably the most successful technology company in history, held an event to launch its smartwatch, which will go on sale next month. In addition to keeping track of time, the watch measures the wearer’s heart rate and activity levels, p rocesses voice commands, gives alerts of incoming e-mails and calls and facilitates payments in checkout lines. In other words, it does a lot of what smartphones already accomplish, but is worn on the wrist and must be close to an iPhone in order to function. Why is there so much buzz about this watch?As smartphones have enjoyed a sudden and tremendous boost in global appeal, people have started to wonder what the next major technology trend would be. Many analysts have pinned their hopes on wearable devices, which contain small sensors to track and display information. This category includes everything from smartwatches like Apple’s, to fitness bands that measure sleep patterns and exercise, to “smart” shoes that measure distance, to smart glasses that can take voice commands and display information. Wearables promise to measure personal data and save people time: a glance at one’s wrist to see alerts takes fewer seconds than pulling out a phone. Companies in various industries, from mining to airlines, are also cautiously testing whether wearables can help improve efficiency or customer service.However, while the number of wearable gadgets has grown, consumers still tend to be geeks (对电脑痴迷的人) and fitness fans. Last year around 21million wearable devices were sold, most of them wrist-worn devices, according to IDC, a research firm. Wearable devices have failed to become mainstream for three main reasons. First, many of them are unable to function without a nearby smartphone, which limits their appeal. Consumers already have to keep track of several devices without adding another. Second, they are not yet considered cool. Google Glass, a pair of “smart” glasses made by the search-engine firm, were so clunky that even fashion models could not make them look good. Third, there is not yet a “killer app” that proves their usefulness in people’s daily lives. Technologists imagine a future when wearable devices will serve to confirm personal identity, facilitate payments, unlock house and car doors and track peop le’s activity and wellness. That future, however, is years away.Apple has a record of pushing existing technologies into the mainstream, including the Macintosh computer, iPod, iPhone and iPad. This helps explain why people are so interested in Apple’s watch. If the firm’s new product is attractive enough, it could validate (使…有效)a whole category of technology. Apple has enough loyal fans to sell millions of watches this year. But wearable devices’ usefulness for the masses remains uncertain. In the meantime, firms and software developers will need to invest more time and resources in designing new applications that will put the “wear” in wearables.74. The underlined word “buzz” in the first paragraph probably means “_______”.A. excitementB. doubtC. complaintD. satisfaction75. Apple’s smartwatch has all the following functions except that ________.A. it makes payments more convenientB. it informs people of the arrival of emailsC. it enables the wearer to talk to the callerD. it reacts to commands when talked to76. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. Apple can become the mainstream in technology because most of its products own attractiveappearances.B. Wearable technology is popular among the majority because it serves various purposes indiverse areas.C. Firms and software developers need to make wearable devices more wearable to meet theneeds of the majority.D. Many people still want to buy Google Glass even if it doesn’t look good on fashion models.77. What is the purpose of writing this passage?A. To tell people about the functions and limits of Apple’s smartwatch.B. To argue that the smartwatch can serve as a good example to improve wearable devices.C. To encourage various companies to improve their businesses by using wearables.D. To help consumers differentiate the smartwatch from other wearable gadgets.(D)While some dictionaries define the word “right” as “a privilege” when used in the context of “human rights”, we are talking about something more basic. Originally, people had rights only because of their membership in a group, such as a family. Then, in 539 BC, Cyrus the Great, after conquering the city of Babylon, did something totally unexpected—he set all slaves free and let them return home. Moreover, he declared people should choose their own religion. Cyrus’ statements are about the first “human rights” declaration in history.Every person has certain basic rights, simply by the fact of being human. These are called “human rights” rather than a privilege, which can be taken away at someone’s sudden desire. They are “rights” because they are things you are allowed to be, to do or to have. These rights are there for your protection against people who might want to harm or hurt you. They are also there to help us get along with each other and live in peace.Yet many people, when asked to name their rights, will list only freedom of speech and belief and perhaps one or two others. There is no question that these are important rights, but the full scope of human rights is very broad. They mean choice and opportunity. They mean the freedom to get a job, adopt a career, select a partner of one’s choice and raise children. They include the right to travel widely and the right to work without trouble, abuse and threat of arbitrary (霸道) dismissal. They even embrace the right to leisure.In ages past, there were no human rights. Then the idea turned up that people should have certain freedoms. And that idea, following World War II, resulted finally in the document called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the thirty rights to which all people are entitled.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No more than 10 words)78. In 539 BC, people were greatly surprised by Cyrus’s_________________________.79. A privilege is different from Human rights in that it___________________________.80. How long have human rights officially existed?81. What’s the main idea of the passage?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我很难在这份菜单上找到素食。
2015年上海普陀区高三二模英语试卷-学生用卷
2015年上海普陀区高三二模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空1、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模第1题AGood ideas often start with really silly questions. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles (华夫饼干) for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber 1 his waffle iron. Later, he tried it and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies, he was laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather discouraged, Bowerman persevered and went on 2(form) his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes.Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration. When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he needed to have some paperwork 3(deliver) across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that overnight delivery was impossible. He sat for a longwhile 4 (wonder) why. Why couldn’t there be a reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his designinto 5class project. His business professor gave him only a C for his efforts. However, Smith was not through. He improved the ideas in that class project and eventuallyturned 6 into one of the first and 7(successful) overnight mail services in the world—FedEx.We know today, of course, that each of these ideas led to an incredibly successful product or service 8has changed the way many of us live. The best questions are usually open-ended and are often silly. Children aren’t afraid to ask such questions, but adults frequently are. Think how different the world might be9 people never asked “silly”question!2、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模第2题BA lot of people in the world today are used to working, going on holiday, and having money—but many of them aren’t happy. Yet other people seem to be really happy,1they are poor, or have no job, or are surrounded by problems. Why?Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, from the University of Chicago, has interviewed thousands of people who have a happy life to find out how they do it. “I 2(study) happiness for over 30 years,” says Csikszentmihalyi. “My interest in the subject came from my own experience as a child during World War II, when I saw many adults destroyed by the terrible events. But there were always a few who kept their courage, helped others, and were able to give a sense of purpose and meaning to their lives. I wanted to find out how a person 3 build a fulfilling and enjoyable life.”In general, his research showed that people were unhappy doing nothing. The professor stresses that happy people don’t waste time, either at work or when they’re free. “Many people feel the time that they spend at work or at school wasted. But often their free time 4 (waste) as well. Many people are used to doing passive things—watching television, for example—without 5 (use) any skills. As a result, life goes past in a series of boring experiences.”But it doesn’t have to be this way. The professor has found that people are happy when they get into 6he calls “flow”. When people get very involved in a task that they have chosen, and which is well-defined and challenging, they experience “flow”, asituation7they don’t notice time passing.People who are not used to happiness can learn how to be happy, says the professor, if they constantly get into “flow” states. Is happiness as easy as that? Perhaps it is.二、选词填空3、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模第3题The world faces a future of people speaking more than one language, with English no longer seen as likely to become1, a British language expert says in a new analysis. "English is likely to2one of the world's most important languages for the foreseeable future, but its future is more3and complex—than most people appreciate, " language researcher David Graddol said. He sees English as likely to become the "first among equals" rather than having the global field to itself. "Speakers, who only use English, ofany4of English—American or British—will5increasing difficulty in employment and political life, and are likely to become confused by many aspects of the society and culture around them, " Graddol said.The6of the world's population that speaks English as a native language is decreasing, Graddol reported in an issue of the journal Science. The idea of English becoming the worldlanguage to the7of others "is past its sell-by date, " Graddol said. Instead, he said, its major8will be in creating generations who use more than one language.A multilingual（使用多种语言的） population is the9in much of the world and is becoming more common in the United States. Indeed, the Census Bureau reported last year that nearly one American in five speaks a language other than English at home, with Spanish leading, and Chinese10rapidly. The diversity of language, in turn, has helped to make English the nation's official language.A. caseB. experienceC. growingD. dominantE. exclusionF. varietyG. decliningH. remainI. problematicJ. contributionK. share三、完形填空4、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模第4题GM （转基因） crops are debatable. On one hand, some farmers and scientists feel that GM crops can make the world a1place. If bioengineers can create crops that are resistant to insects,2, then they won't have to worry about insects destroying plants. In the3of insect damage, crops can grow to feed the poor and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with other desirable properties as well. Plants that don't require much water, that can live even in times of drought, can help prevent thewidespread4that would occur if people have nothing to eat. It's easy to seewhy many people believe that GM crops will help the world meet thedifficult5that it will face as more and more people need to be fed.But not everyone thinks bioengineering is a good idea. Other peopleare6. They mistrust the claims made and don't believe that biotechnology is without7. The possible dangers include harming the ecosystem—the inter-related community of plants and animals and bacteria that8the Earth.They9that changing plants can harm our environment, and damage to our surroundings can hurt us. One danger is that GM crops can transfer their characteristics to other plants. Plants that reproduce by spreading their pollen （花粉） in the wind can possibly fertilize wild plants, making them more10to control. Another problem is that GM plants might be a source of allergens （过敏源）. This seems11, but in the process of making GM foods, genes are transferred that are known to cause problems for some people. Allergic reactions can12from coughing and sneezing to death.Indeed, people hold very different opinions about13. While some people look forward to crops that will not rot during the trip to market, others claim that we will ruin our cropland and destroy what we are trying to save. While some people look forward to crops thatcan14droughts, others claim that contact with GM plants can pollute other crops, making them15for use. For some people, GM crops are the hope of the future; for others, they are a poison that will harm or destroy our farmland.A. worseB. betterC. less healthyD. more peacefulA. in no wayB. by all meansC. for exampleD. by contrastA. absenceB. appearanceC. caseD. effectA. warB. povertyC. starvationD. robberyA. challengeB. specificationC. standardD. principleA. knowledgeableB. supportiveC. ignorantD. suspiciousA. controlB. risksC. criteriaD. doubtsA. turn upB. make upC. give upD. take upA. ensureB. worryC. denyD. demandA. temperateB. difficultC. efficientD. enjoyableA. inevitableB. inaccessibleC. unavoidableD. unlikelyA. sufferB. ariseC. startD. rangeA. bioengineeringB. allergensC. droughtD. futureA. causeB. reduceC. standD. changeA. efficientB. expensiveC. unfitD. possible四、阅读理解5、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模（A篇）第5~8题You carry a 1.3 kg mass of fatty material in your head that controls everything you will ever do. This fantastic control center lets you think, learn, create, and feel emotions. It also controls everything your body does. What is this amazing machine? It's your brain—a structure so amazing that the famous scientist James Watson called it "the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe."Imagine your kitten jumped onto the kitchen counter, and was about to step onto a hot stove. You would have only seconds to act. In situations like this, your brain reads the signals from your eyes and quickly calculates when, where and at what speed you need to run to save her. Then it tells your muscles to move. No computer can match your brain's great ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.If a bee lands on your foot, sensory neurons（神经元） in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to send a message back to your foot: Shake the bee off quickly! Motor neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour!Your brain contains about 100 billion tiny cells: neurons—it would take you more than 3, 000 years if you tried to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see or move, tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron pathways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages fly around inside it every second, like a super-fast game of table tennis. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And although a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a light bulb.(1) By "the most complex thing" , James Watson means.A. a supercomputerB. the universeC. human brainsD. our emotions(2) Which of the following statements is true according to the 2nd and 3rd paragraph?A. Brains can download more information than any computer.B. The kitten plays an important role in testing human brain power.C. Motor neurons in human brains serve to send countless messages.D. Your brains can use neurons to send messages back faster than bees’.(3) The author mentions "to power light bulbs" （Para. 4） to show.A. neurons can send lots of messagesB. how many active tiny cells brains containC. how much electricity brains can generateD. there is countless information in the brain(4) What is the main idea of the passage?A. Powerful brain is a wonderful machine.B. Brains work well in controlling body movements.C. Brain is the most complex structure in the universe.D. Human brains are composed of numerous neurons.6、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模（B篇）第6~8题Read the following car rental agreement of Avis and answer the questions.Kindly indicate your return km reading, fuel gauge（计量器） reading, date and time, and return this envelope, with your keys, to the rental counter.Document numberSafe Drivingin South AfricaDRIVER'S LICENCEWhen driving, you must be in possession of your driver's licence at all times.SEAT BELTSThe law requires that you wear seat belts at all times.DRIVINGIn South Africa, driving is on the left-hand side of the road.SPEED LIMITSGenerally 60 km/hr in built-up areas, 100 km/hr in rural areas and 120 km/hr on highways.PETROLPetrol is available 24 hours per day. Unleaded （无铅） petrol should be used in Avis cars. Credit cards are not accepted for the payment of petrol.SAFETYFor your own safety, keep your doors locked while driving.LOCK UPShut windows and lock all doors and the boot when leaving the vehicle unattended.VALUABLESDo not leave personal belongings such as cell phones and valuables in your vehicle. They are not covered by our insurance.TYRESAvis undertakes that on delivery of the vehicle to the driver, the condition of the tyres will be agreeable to the laws and the tyre pressure in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer's specifications（说明书） for "normal use" .It is the responsibility of the driver to ensure that both the condition and inflation（膨胀） of the tyres are appropriate throughout the course of the rental.It is the responsibility of the driver to inspect the condition of the tyres at the beginning of the rental and to make adjustments to the tyre pressure to take into account such factors as the number of passengers, mass of luggage, environment temperatures, speed and road condition.ROAD MAPSMaps of Southern Africa, including city and regional maps, can be found in a copy of the Avis Inbound magazine, in each vehicle or at the Avis Customer Service Center. More extensive area maps are obtainable from the Automobile Association （AA） and South African Tourism.(1) The passage is intended for .A. car rentersB. traffic policeC. insurance sellersD. automobile mechanics(2) The driver should according to the rules about tyres.A. make the tyre condition agreeable to the lawsB. adjust tyre pressure with many factors consideredC. work out the vehicle manufacturer’s specificationsD. be responsible for driving safety and road condition(3) What information hasn't been mentioned in the leafletA. The speed limit in different areas.B. The requests of giving cars back to Avis.C. The ways to keep personal possessions safe.D. The instructions to fix flat tyres on the road.7、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模（C篇）第7~11题Today's workplace is unique in history. Never before have we seen people working together who represent such different backgrounds and experiences. This difference of age, race, gender, and work style makes it very difficult to organize and run a company.As a result, companies are looking for individuals who can manage a wide range of employees effectively. Increasingly, managers are discovering that age differences among workers are a major cause of concern.This has been an important realization. The management difficulties and challenges have led some experts to study intergenerational differences for an understanding of problems in the workplace. What they have discovered is interesting and may provide ways of improving working conditions in companies that employ individuals from different generations.The first thing to realize, they say, is that differences of opinion about the importance of work and how to get work done are not a coincidence. That is, it is not an accident that young employees will be different from older employees. In fact, if employers do not pay attention to these differences, it is possible that anger will build up between people and lead to difficulties in the company.Resentment （仇恨） between members of different generations, if not attended to, can lead to extreme anger and unhappiness and even lasting enmity if people are not careful. That individuals from different generations should come to view each other as if they were from different sides of warring countries should not be surprising.It is natural for individuals from the same generation to form alliances （联盟）, to come together for protection. Different generations represent different experiences in life, and these lead naturally to different opinions about oneself and one's approaches to work.If you were raised in a time of plenty, when products were readily available and relatively inexpensive, you would believe that prosperity is natural and expectable. If, on the other hand, you were raised in a time of scarcity, you would always be careful not to waste things for fear you would not have enough. You would make angry people who seem to believe that problems will always solve themselves. Such optimism in the face of difficulties would be a source of unhappiness between you and them. It is difficult, in such circumstances, to achieve a happy, agreeable atmosphere in the workplace.(1) What most possibly makes it difficult to organize or run a company?A. Employees are in different generations.B. Employees are of different backgrounds.C. Employees work in different styles.D. Employees are in different races.(2) Employers should pay attention to if they want to avoid anger between employees.A. the different understanding of problems in the workplaceB. the different views on value of work and working methodsC. the different generations of employees in the workplaceD. the different ways of expressing anger in the company(3) The word "enmity" is closet in meaning to.A. hatredB. sorrowsC. ignoranceD. forgiveness(4) What can be inferred from the passage?A. Employees in some companies regard each other as mere enemies.B. Employees' attitudes towards life are related to the time when they grow up.C. Employees who are raised in a time of scarcity tend to be angry with others.D. Achieving a harmonious atmosphere in the workplace is the main task for employers.(5) What does the writer mainly talk about in the passage?A. Employees should be cooperative and friendly with each other.B. It is difficult for employers to have workers work in a friendly way.C. The weakness of human nature causes the anger between employees.D. The generational differences cause the disharmony among employees.五、任务型阅读8、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模第8~11题Dolphins have been declared the world's second most intelligent creatures after humans, with scientists suggesting they are so bright that they should be treated as "non-human persons" .Studies into dolphin behavior have highlighted how similar their communications are to those of humans and that they are brighter than chimpanzees. These have been backed up by anatomical （解剖学） research showing that dolphin brains have many key features associated with high intelligence. Recently, a series of behavioral studies has suggested that dolphins, especially species such as the bottlenose, whose brains weigh about 5lb, could even be brighter than chimps, which some studies have found can reach the intelligence levels of three-year-old children. The studies show how dolphins have distinct personalities, a strong sense of self and can think about the future.It has also become clear that dolphins are "culture" animals, meaning that new types of behavior can quickly be picked up by one dolphin from another. In one study, Diana Reiss, professor of psychology at Hunter College, City University of New York, showed that bottlenose dolphins could recognize themselves in a mirror and use it to inspect various parts of their bodies, an ability that had been thought limited to humans and great apes. In another, she found that they also had the ability to learn an elementary symbol-based language.Other research has shown dolphins can solve difficult problems, while those living in the wild cooperate in ways that imply complex social structures and a high level of emotions. In one recent case, a dolphin rescued from the wild was taught to tail-walk for three weeks in a dolphinarium （海豚宫） in Australia. After she was released, scientists were astonished to see the trick spreading among wild dolphinswho had learnt it from the former captive （被俘的）. Such observations have prompted questions about the brain structures of dolphins.Researchers have found that brain size varies hugely from around 7oz for the small species to more than 19lb for the sperm whales, whose brains are the largest on the planet. Human brains, by contrast, range from 21lb-4lb. When it comes to intelligence, however, brain size is less important than its size relative to the body.oz: an ounce in weight （1oz=28g）lb: a pound in weight （1lb=454g=16oz）（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than twelve words.）(1) The which in the 2nd paragraph refers to.(2) What do bottlenose dolphins do to make Diana Reiss believe they are "culture" animals?(3) The spreading of tail-walk shows wild dolphins have.(4) What is the main factor that decides the level of intelligence according to the last paragraph?六、翻译9、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模第9题翻译(1) 学校里约半数的学生热衷于玩手机游戏。
4 2015徐汇金山松江高三英语二模
2014学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷2015.4 Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the clinic. B. At the airport. C. On the playground. D. In the prison.2. A. $2. B. $4. C. $12. D. $24.3. A. Customer and shop assistant. B. Mother and son.C. Husband and wife.D. Teacher and student.4. A. Decoration. B. Traffic. C. Space. D. Noise.5. A. Advertisements. B. TV programs. C. Shopping. D. Forms of pastime.6. A. The man can see a different view. B. The food is not tasty enough.C. The man cannot afford the food.D. The food is worth the price.7. A. Some people tell a lot more than they know.B. Some people like to hide their thoughts.C. What the woman said is wrong.D. He knows more than the woman does.8. A. He is not equal to the job.B. He is not well paid for his work.C. He doesn’t think the job is challenging enough.D. He can not keep mind on his work.9. A. She shouldn’t listen to Mark anymore.B. She should pay little attention to what Mark says.C. She shouldn’t do things negatively.D. She should take Mark’s remarks seriously.10.A. She thinks the pollution level is too serious to be true.B. She is sure that the equipment is broken.C. She doesn’t believe the man at all.D. She is annoyed by the wrong report about the pollution level.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Receiving phone calls. B. Visiting awkward people.C. Working out a plan.D. Having a tiring meeting.12. A. People preferring regular working hours.B. People who are lively and open.C. Both males and females.D. People without a driving license. 13. A. Policewoman.B. Sales representative.C. Secretary.D. Tour guide.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They haven ’t devoted to medicine as much as to space travel.B. There are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.C. It is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D. They believe people can recover without treatment.15. A. They reveal the seriousness of the problem.B. They indicate how fast the virus spreads.C. They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D. They show our body is fighting the virus.16. A. It actually does more harm than good.B. It causes damage to some organs of our body.C. It works better when combined with other treatments.D. It helps us to recover much sooner.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.How can we keep fit? By having a balanced diet and 21 .Why can transgenic (转基因的) technology increase the output of crops?Because they are resistant to 22 . Why do many people suffer from heart disease?Because 23 provide people with over-nutrition. What do Chinese people want the government to do?To solve the problem of the domestic 24 .Complete the form. Write NOT MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection AInformation about Jane Appearance: a beautiful girl with long, blonde and 17 hair Occupation: a 18 designer in Star Studio Education: a 19 of Harvard University Interest: a music and art lover, fond of 20 her won musicDirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)As you get older, it feels like time tends to move faster. As Dan Ariely explains over at The Wall Street Journal, we tend to fall into familiar routines (25) we age and that makes time move quickly.We perceive time as something like a stack of memories, so the less new experiences you have, the more likely you are to fill in those memories with interesting things.Time does go by (or, (26)________( accurately), it feels as if time is going by) more quickly the older we get.In the first few years of our lives, anything we sense or do is brand new, and many of our experiences are unique, so they remain firmly in our memories. But as (27) years go by, we encounter fewer and fewer new experiences—both because we (28) (accomplish) a lot and because we are slaves to our daily routines.For example, try to remember (29) happened to you every day last week，chances are that nothing extraordinary happened, so you will be hard-pressed to recall the specific things you did on Monday, Tuesday, etc.What can we do about this? Maybe we need some new app that will encourage us to try out new experiences, point out things we’ve never done, recommend dishes we’ve never tasted and suggest places we’ve never been. Such an app (30) make our lives more varied, encourage us to try new things, slow down the passage of time and increase our happiness.(31) such an app arrives, try to do at least one new thing every week. It’s not too difficult to push (32)to do new things.(B)This afternoon, I spoke with Governor Malloy and FBI Director Mueller. I offered Governor Malloy my condolences（吊唁，慰问）on behalf of the nation, and made it clear (33) he will have every single resource that he needs to investigate this heinous（令人发指的）crime, care for the victims, comfort their families.We have endured too many of these tragedies in the past few years. And each time I learn the news I react not as a President, but as anybody else would —as a parent. And that was especially true today. I know there’s not a parent in America who doesn’t feel the same overwhelming grief that I do.The majority of those (34) died today were children — beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. They had their entire lives ahead of them — birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own. Among the (35) (fall) were also teachers —men and women who devoted their lives to (36) (help) our children fulfill their dreams.So our hearts are broken today — for the parents and grandparents, sisters and brothers of these little children, and for the families of the adults who (37) (lose). Our hearts are broken for the parents of the survivors as well, for as blessed as they are (38) (have) their children home tonight, they know that their children’s innocence has been torn away from them too early, and there are no words that will ease their pain.As a country, we have been through this too many times. (39) it’s an elementary school in Newtown, or a shopping mall in Oregon, or a temple in Wisconsin, or a movie theater in Aurora, or a street corner in Chicago —these neighborhoods are our neighborhoods, and these children are our children. And we’re going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies like this, (40) the politics.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. instructionsB. randomC. highlyD. revealedE. simplyF. establishedG. situations H. confirmed I. senses J. common K. routinesPosting a photo of the food you’re about to eat on WeChat has become a daily ritual（惯例；仪式）for many. Often this food in the photo isn’t as appealing to those looking at it, but scientists are now claiming taking a photo of your food before you eat it makes it taste better.Researchers at University of Minnesota’s Carlson Sc hool of Management claim taking a photo puts you in the moment and in doing so, heightens your (41)______. The person taking the photo will, on some level, feel the motivation to continue the practice.Researchers wondered about the power of rituals after noticing the funny (42)______ that people often perform before eating and drinking. They conducted experiments to investigate whether these kinds of habitual behaviour influences taste.In the first experiment, some participants were asked to eat a piece of chocolate following a detailed set of (43)______: ‘Without unwrapping the chocolate bar, break it in half. Unwrap half of the bar and eat it. Then, unwrap the other half and eat it.’ The other participants were (44)______ instructed to relax for a short amount of time and then eat the chocolate bar however they wanted.The results showed that those who had performed the ritual rated the chocolate more (45)______, enjoyed it more, and were willing to pay more for the chocolate than the other group.A second experiment (46)______ these findings, showing that (47)______ movements don’t produce a more enjoyable eating experience. The data also (48)______ that a longer delay between ritual and consumption enhanced these effects, even with a common food like carrots.While these rituals may seem insignificant, the researchers note that the effects they produce are quite amazing. And while rituals are (49)______ before mealtimes, they could play a role in other (50)______, too.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An examination is a very important part of life, which is used to test a pe rson’s ability. But as you know many of us has (51)_____ and are afraid of it. Though they know that exams are there for their benefit, they still have a lot of fear for it. It is very often we find such people. You will find such people a little anxious and a little stressed about their exams. Many a time such nerves can be (52)_____ and useful to you, for others it’s nerve wrecking.To overcome these nerves we got some tips for you. Don’t get too excited about the exams and for that don’t drink too much of the coffee or tea to cope up with the exam (53)_____. Eat a healthy and proper diet and don’t worry about the exams while eating. Stress can be harmful to you (54)_____ sometimes. It can cause a lot of problems in your body, which can be increased heartbeat and breath, sweating palms, nervous attitude, stressed about exams, etc...Before moving to the examination hall you prepare thoroughly about the exams. For that firstly make a list of what is to be studied and then make an overlook for that. Now divide each subject into some easy sub-classes. Go through some (55)_____ question papers and study your earlier mistakes made in it. Make a perfect schedule for your study. Overlook the (56) _____ used for answering the questions I mean their pattern and style of writing. Solve few more question papers to achieve a proper time (57)_____. Take some quick breaks in your study time so that you can (58)_____ an interest in your study.Now while taking the exams just relax, control your breath and believe in yourse lf. Don’t panic and beoptimistic. Try to reduce your stress and be happy. Don’t (59)_____ at least an hour before the exams, just get yourself calmed down. Keep your focus on the paper and tell yourself that you are (60)_____ prepared. For exams reach before the time and try to (61)_____ in the surroundings. Don’t listen to any of the exam rumours before exams. If you still can’t control your exam stress then go for some meditation or hypnosis（冥想或催眠）.Yes, hypnosis, a real good and (62)_____ way to control your nerves and reduce your stress. It can be seen that a person’s whole life changes completely only from few of the (63)_____ instructions. In hypnosis a person directly deals you’re your subconscious mind instead of your conscious mind. The fact is yo ur subconscious mind is a lot more (64)_____ and following than your conscious mind, so instructing correctly to your subconscious mind results terrific in reducing your nerves. Hypnosis reduces your fear of failure and (65)_____ a sense of confidence in you. It decreases your negativity and forces you to think positively about your exams. You also multiples your potential. You simply need to get your hands on the hypnosis for examination MP3. This is easily downloadable and you’ll be well on your path to c ombating and overcoming the condition.51.A. interest B. panic C. faith D. concept52.A. motivating B. suffering C. shocking D. spreading53.A. participation B. motivation C. expansion D. tension54.A. mentally B. physically C. continuously D. exhaustingly55.A. previous B. patient C. personal D. current56.A. preparations B. lessons C. schedules D. techniques57.A. administration B. management C. limitation D. scale58.A. entertain B. contain C. maintain D. complain59.A. revise B. rush C. instruct D. discuss60.A. normally B. informally C. comparatively D. completely61.A. mix B. resolve C. adjust D. focus62.A. instructive B. significant C. effective D. romantic63.A. appropriate B. splendid C. original D. negative64.A. impatient B. obedient C. ordinary D. desirable65.A. enjoys B. shakes C. generates D. generalizesSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThere were so many nights when I, as a young boy, had to watch helplessly as my father verbally and physically abused my mother. I can still recall the smell of alcohol, see the fear in my mother’s eyes, and feel the hopeless misery that comes when we see people we love hurting each other in incomprehensible ways.I would not wish that experience on anyone, especially not a child. If I settle down in those memories, I can feel myself wanting to hurt my father back, in the same ways he hurts my mother and in ways of which I was incapable as a small boy. I see my mother’s face and I see this gentle human being whom I loved so very much and who did nothing to deserve the pain imposed upon her.When I recall this story, I realize how difficult the process of forgiving truly is. Intellectually, I know my father caused pain because he was in pain. Spiritually, I know my faith tells me my father deserves to be forgiven as God forgive us all. But it is still difficult. The sufferings we have witnessed or experienced live on in our memories. Even years later they can cause us fresh pain each time we recall them.Are you hurt and suffering? Is the injury new, or is it an old, unhealed wound? Know that what was done toyou was wrong, unfair, and undeserved. You are right to be outraged. And it is perfectly normal to want to hurt back when you have been hurt. But hurting back rarely satisfies. We think it will, but it doesn’t. If I slap you after you slap me, it does not lessen the sting I feel on my own face, nor does it weaken my sadness as to the fact you have struck me. Revenge gives, at best, only momentary relief from our emotional pain. The only way to experience healing and peace is to forgive. Until we can forgive, we remain locked in our pain and locked out of the possibility of experiencing healing and freedom; locked out of the possibility of being at peace.Without forgiveness, we remain tied to the person who harmed us. We are bound with chains of bitterness, trapped. Until we can forgive the person who harmed us, that person will hold the keys to our happiness; that person will be our jailer (监狱看守).When we forgive, we take back control of our own fate and our feelings. We become our own liberators. Forgiveness, in other words, is the best form of self-interest. This is true both spiritually and scientifically. We don’t forgive to help the other person. We don’t forgive for others. We forgive for ourselves.66.Why did the writer mention the story of his father’s abuse of his mom?A. Because he loved his mom and wanted to fight back someday.B. Because his father finally realized his own mistake and was forgiven.C. Because witnessing his mom’s suffering is still hurting him and has no way to relieve.D. Because he felt that he was spiritually relieved from the pain through forgiveness.67.The writer wrote the article in order to tell people that _____.A. we may never heal our pains or sufferings in the heart unless we learn to forgiveB. we should never forget the sufferings buried in our heartsC. we may get tied to the person who harmed us all through lifeD. we shouldn’t worry about the pains we caused, since forgiving is always easier than imagined68.What is the 4th paragraph mainly about?A. Hurting back does no good to relieving one’s own hurts, but forgiving.B. If someone slaps you, you just slap back, which will lessen your pain.C. The sufferings we have witnessed or experienced will live on in our memories for ever.D. After being hurt, if one wants to experience healing and freedom, he should forget the hurt.69.Which of the following statements is the closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?A. In order to help others, we should stop forgiving and fight back.B. The purpose of our forgiving is not to help other people.C. Our forgiving is also useful to helping others, though they may have hurt us.D. Only by forgiving others can we help them to be good people.BWriting a book review is not like writing a fiction, where you have your freedom to express any type of literary mood. Here, you are limited within the scope, which is related only to the book or the literature and nothing else. To write a proper literary review, you should follow some important dos and don’ts, which are discussed here.Top 3 dosSelect a literature of your choice and read it thoroughly. If required, you should read it multiple times, before you really frame up the literary review in your mind. While reading, try to assimilate the thoughts and philosophy of the author behind the book and also to analyze all the characters and events described in the literary piece. Start to pen down your literary analysis only when you have a complete understanding of the book, and not before that.Prepare your write-up based on your understanding of the book. Since you are reviewing the book, youropinion plays an important role here. If you prefer any particular character or any particular instance from the book, then expose that character or the situation in your review, to give it more importance. Also determine your preference with supporting logic. Ultimately it is your understanding of the book, and it can differ from others’ viewpoint. But you should stick to your opinion.Follow a proper format to construct your book review. It should have a proper introduction and a conclusion, other than the usual subject body. Distribute the subject body in chapters and paragraphs, to give a nice, structured look. Also, add a list of reference material at the end of the book. A structured material always carries a good impression and also, it helps the reader to go through the article at ease.T op 3 don’tsBook reviews are not exactly meant for writing a summary on the books. The objective of writing a book review is to arouse the curiosity in the mind of the readers. If someone mentions everything in the summary then the actual intention is lost.As mentioned earlier, one should not cross your limit to write a literary review. Do not bring up unnecessary topics to increase the length of the write-up, which is not at all related to the book. The readers want to learn about the book and not something irrelevant. Also, a smart and crisp writing helps to create a positive impression.You can go through reference books or articles on your subject, before you start preparing your article. But that should be completely with the intention of getting help in your understanding of the book. These reference items will help to strengthen your grip on the subject. But, you should never copy a single line of text from any other document or write-up. Plagiarism(剽窃), in any form, is a punishable offence by law. It will also destroy your reputation and close all the future avenues in this field.If you can follow the above dos and don’ts religiously to write a book review, then it is going to be more original and interesting.70.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “assimilate”in paragraph 2?A. stimulateB. fertilizeC. digestD. enhance71.The purpose of writing a review on a book is _____.A. to show your understanding of the thoughts and philosophy of the author behind the bookB. to show that you really stick to your own opinion though you’ve read the bookC. to arouse reader s’ curiosity to read more books on irrelevant topicsD. to spark reader s’ interests in finding the book and reading it72.Which of the following is NOT true about the “dos”?A. Before writing a book review, you’d better read it thoroughly or many times.B. Write down your literary analysis when reading the book.C. If you are interested in certain situation in the book, you can hardly give it too muchimportance in your review.D. A good review consists of a proper introduction and a conclusion, as well as a nice-structured subjectbody.73.The following statements are “don’ts” when writing a summary except _____.A. going through reference books or articles on your subject, before you start preparing your articleB. presenting all the detailed description of the book in the summaryC. the thought or action of putting anything irrelevant to the book into thesummaryD. any forms of copying the text from others’ written workCThe orangutan(红毛猩猩), the most inactive of the great apes, has unusuallystable DNA, too. Researchers have just completed the sequencing (序列) of the entire genome (基因组) of our orange-haired relative, and they have found to their surprise that its DNA has changed much less dramatically over time than has that of humans or chimpanzees. “The orangutan is very unique,” says Devin Locke, a structural geneticist heading the orangutan sequencing project.The orangutan genome had one other big surprise. Locke and colleagues sequenced six Sumatran and five Bornean orangutans, which are classified as different species. The apes have been physically separated for at least 21,000 years—the last time land bridges between the two islands existed—and earlier studies estimated that they became distinct species more than 1 million years ago. But the new analysis, reported online today in Nature, rewrites history: i t appears they parted ways just 400,000 years ago. “Most previous studies used small sets of markers and a limited amount of DNA sequence,” says Locke. “The statistical power is so much greater when you have the whole genome available.”The orangutan now joins chimpanzees and humans as the third great ape to have its genome sequenced. “The orangutan genome is a wonderful resource,” says evolutionary geneticist Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. “It w ill help clarify how each part of human and African ape genomes are related to each other and evolved.”Such insights are already coming in. Orangutans originated some 12 million to 16 million years ago, giving their genomes much more time to evolve than those of humans and chimpanzees, which split into their own lineages（血统）5 million to 6 million years ago. But a comparison of the three genomes shows that humans and chimpanzees lose or gain new genes at twice the rate of orangutans.The reason may have to do with stretches of DNA called retrotransposons. These key drivers of evolution jump around the genome, creating new genes, damaging existing ones, or altering gene regulation. The new data reveal that common retrotransposons known as Alu elements have moved around the orangutan genome much less than they have in the human and chimpanzee genomes. “I don’t want to say that ‘Alu retrotransposition events’ are shut off in orangutans, but they’ve been covered up,” says Locke.The researchers also discovered that, over time, the structure of orangutan chromosomes（染色体）has changed little, which may be linked to the Alu element finding. Other researchers have suggested that the strong and healthy structural variation in humans and chimps may have stimulated increased intelligence. But Locke notes that orangutans are also highly intelligent. “If orangutans have had very little structural variation, maybe this decouples structural variation from intelligence,” he says.A separate but related study published today in Genome Research reports yet another unexpected finding from a comparison of the three great ape genomes. A team led by Mikkel H. Schierup and Thomas Mailund of Aarhus University in Denmark (both co-authors of the Nature report) discovered that some regions of the human genome more closely resemble the orangutan than the chimpanzee. This reflects the fact that at the time humans split off from a common ancestor with chimps, both species had the same ancestral orangutan DNA. But humans and chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of years. In the process, chimps for mysterious reasons lost some orangutan DNA that humans kept possession of.More surprises are sure to come as researchers compare the genomes of even more apes. Projects to sequence the other two great apes, gorillas and bonobos, are under way.74.Orangutans from two islands, Sumatran and Bornean, became different species since ______.A. at least 21,000 years agoB. over 1 million years agoC. some 12 million to 16 million years agoD. 400,000 years ago75.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?A. Compared with the DNA of orangutan, chimpanzee’s is less changed over time.B. Only three apes’ genomes have been sequenced up to now.C. Humans’ ancestors stepped on their way of evolution 12 to 16 millions years ago.D. Chimpanzees gain new genes faster than orangutans do in evolution.76.The reason of orangutan’s little change in DNA is that _____.A. this species is not as active in intelligence as humans or chimpanzees.B. the newly identified Alu elements is believed to have played a special roleC. Alu retrotranspositions in orangutan are shut off during the course of evolutionD. orangutan’s low intelligence fails to stimulate the change of its DNA77.Some region of human genome is more similar to that of orangutan than chimp’s because _____.A. human and orangutan share the same ancestor, but chimp doesn’tB. humans and chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of yearsC. chimps failed to hang on to orangutan DNA for some unknown reason, but human didn’tD. chimps didn’t act as actively as humans, resulting in their losing some critical orangutan DNASection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.____________________________________________Technology means different things to different people. A physician might think of technology as a way to produce a new medicine. To a space engineer, it might mean making better rocket engines. Technology is so widespread that it is part of everyone’s life. Originally, the word technology comes from the Greek word techne, which means “art”. You might think that art means only paintings or sculpture. But the Greeks believed an artist could make useful products from natural materials such as trees, rocks, and plants.What school subjects are related to technology?Though people’s opinions vary on what groups of technology should be broken down to, you, when in school, may have the question: Why should you study technology? That question is easy to answer. Technology is fun, rewarding, and exciting. It is fun because you get to work with your hands. It is rewarding because you get to see the results of your work. Each day it brings new ideas and new challenges, which make technology exciting. Studying technology will also help you develop your problem-solving skills. You can learn to identify a problem and come up with a solution. You will also find that technology is related to other subjects that you study in school such as:MathematicsScienceSocial studiesEnglish language artsArtYou might enjoy all of your classes more after you begin to see the relationships between technology and other subjects.Do you know what “technologically literate” means?Technology is often in the news. A journalist might report on a particular electrical power plant, a food additive, or a safety device on an automobile. It is important that you understand the importance of technology. Every day in many ways, technology affects the lives of people around the world. For example, automobile air bags have saved many lives in collisions. However, they inflate so quickly that they have caused injury and death in some cases. As a result, the federal government allows car owners to install an on/off switch for the air bags. Do you think the government should let people do this? To answer this question, you first need to know something about the technology being discussed.Does working on a small engine sound difficult to you? With a basic understanding of technology, it might。
上海市普陀区2015届高三二模英语考试卷(含详细答案)
上海市普陀区2015高三二模英语考试卷（考试时间 120分钟试卷满分 150分）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1. A. At the department store. B. At the airport.C. At the railway station.D. At the furniture store.2. A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher. D. A boss.3. A. She expected more people at the party. B. She enjoys entertaining small children.C. She has always enjoyed great popularity.D. She threw a surprise party for her friend.4. A. It is 4:10 now. B. It is 4:20 now. C. It is 4:50 now. D. It is 4:40 now.5. A. Mark was too busy to call the man.B. The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.C. The woman had forgotten Mark?s phone number.D. Mark and the woman hadn?t been in touch for long.6. A. The library is closed on weekends. B. He was not allowed to check out the book.C. He had no idea where the book was.D. He didn?t get the book he needed.7. A. The houses for sale are at high price.B. The man is unwilling to look at the houses on sale.C. The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.D. The housing sellers provide free trips for potential buyers.8. A. The man no longer smokes.B. The man is under pressure from his wife.C. The man usually follows his wife?s advice.D. The man refuses to listen to his doctor?s advice.。
2015届闵行英语二模试卷
闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I 卷（第1-11页）和第II 卷（第12页），全卷共12页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
第I 卷 (共103分) I. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At 4:15.B. At 4:45.C. At 5:00.D. At 6:00. 2. A. A painter. B. A mechanic. C. A porter. D. A carpenter.3. A. Using cameras creatively. B. Setting cameras to portrait mode.C. Painting pictures.D. Taking pictures of people. 4. A. Talk to more soldiers.B. Organize the information.C. Collect more information.D. Add his experience to the book. 5. A. Delighted. B. Surprised.C. Doubtful.D. Unconcerned.6. A. He is rather disappointed. B. He doesn ’t care for a promotion.C. He can ’t accept the result.D. He knows his own limitation. 7. A. She wants to get some sleep.B. She needs time to write a paper.C. She has a physics class to attend.D. She is troubled by her sleep problem. 8. A. Get more food and drinks. B. Invite more people.C. Tidy up the place.D. Prepare for a party. 9. A. It ’s interesting. B. It turned out to be easy.C. It ’s hard to judge.D. It ’s quite difficult.学校_______________________ 班级__________ 准考证号_________ 姓名______________…………………密○………………………………………封○………………………………………○线…………………………………10. A. She must have paid a lot for the course.B. Her effort has brought about good results.C. She is unlikely to keep good figure.D. Her try is obviously a waste of money.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. By sounding a warning. B. By pressing the driving wheel.C. By checking the driving time.D. By touching the wrist band.12. A. Moves more regularly. B. Stops working properly.C. Opens the window for the driver.D. Sounds more frequently and loudly.13. A. A new device to reduce tiredness-related accidents.B. A new device to limit car speed.C. An invention to make driving more comfortable.D. A new regulation to punish dangerous driving.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Girls may give negative influence to boys.B. Girls always influence boys effectively.C. Boys are always as good as girls.D. Boys don’t perform well in certain schools.15. A. Boys should always study with fewer girls.B. Single-sex classes are available for maths.C. Mixed gender is preferred in science classes.D. Girls have better performance than boys.16. A. Boys are too shy to study with the opposite gender.B. Teachers like girls more than boys in English class.C. Boys prefer to interrupt the class more than girls.D. Teaching styles are more suitable for girls.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Applicant’s InformationEducation: University graduate; majoring in (17) ____________.Present job description: Offering (18) ____________ assistance to people.Personality: Easy-going and (19) ______________.Interviewing date: On (20) ______________.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write no more than THREE WORDS for each answer.Why is the man interested in English? Because he likes to read English (21) _________. What is the man encouraged to do? To (22) _________ with the history knowledge.Why does the man think mind-map effective? Because it helps to remember (23) _________ information well.Why does the man want to be alawyer?To bring (24) _________ to people.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined airplane. At midnight, several hours after she had left Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter (高度表) failed and she didn’t know how high she (25) ______ (fly). At night, and in a storm, a pilot was in great difficulty without an altimeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea.Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames coming from the engine. With all the difficulties, Amelia Earhart wasn’t sure if she (26) ______ reach land. There was nothing to do but keep (27) ______ (go).In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland. It was with the great courage (28) ______ she made the safe landing. And for the courage she had shown, she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she (29) ______ (honor) by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous.What was so important about her flight? Amelia Earhart was the first woman (30) ______ (fly) the Atlantic Ocean alone, and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty-six minutes.In the years that followed, Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States, and on each occasion she set a new record for flying time and was (31) _____ (skillful) than her previous flight. Amelia Earhart made these flights to show that women had a place in aviation (航空) and that air travel was useful. Her passion for flight lasted in her remaining life (32) ______ she mysteriously disappeared from public in the year 1937.(B)It has become acceptable for people to say that women work less than men and therefore deserve less! It may have been true in the past when women were expected to stay at home and look after children, but women have changed over the years. They have “come out”! Gone (33) ______ (be) the days when they toiled (辛苦) the kitchen stove all day long; they are now aware of their needs and are willing to fight for them. They expect to be given the respect they deserve, both at home and at work. They have realized (34) ______ intellectual potential and have determined to do something about it!Women on two wheels have become (35) ______ familiar sight on the roads of most Asian countries during the past few years. It is common to find a woman (36) ______ (take) her children on her bicycle to school and then reaching her office in time.“Super woman” (37) ______ she is, it is rather difficult to combine a career and a decent home life. She needs to feel (38) ______ (support). She may arrive at work feeling as if she has already done a full day’s job. (39) ______ colleagues doubt her passion to her job, she will feel sad. At the same time, women of today expect their partners to contribute towards childcare and household chores.Today’s women are learning to avoid situations that make them feel more stressed and it is a hard struggle. (40) ______ ______ ______all this, the new woman, “the superpower” has arrived. She still believes in the power and value of a family unit and she holds it in high esteem (尊重).Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. attractionB. benefitC. enthusiasticallyD. commandE. satisfyF. undoubtedlyG. approvalH. treasuredI. viewedJ. developedK. considerablePublic image doesn’t make money directly, nor is it anything visible. However, excellent public image is such an important thing that it is 41 desired by every company, enterprise, institution, etc. Public image refers to how a company is 42 by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders (股东), by the financial community, by the communities where it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable to 43 extent, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are.A firm’s public image plays a vital role in the 44 of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders as stockholders, suppliers, creditors(贷款方), government officials, as well as different special groups. With some things it is impossible to 45 all the different publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the 46 of creditors and stockholders. However, it will 47 find resistance from employees who see their jobs threatened. On the other hand, high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval, while low quality products and false claims would be widely looked down upon.A firm’s public image, if it is good, should be 48 . It is a valuable strength that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. If a firm has49 a quality image, this is not easily imitated by competitors. Such an image may enablea firm to charge higher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most favorable creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm’s stock to 50 higher price-earnings ratio(比例) than other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Just as the stock market rises and falls in response to what people are willing to put their money behind, we have inside ourselves an inner economy that rises and falls in response to our beliefs about what is possible. Sometimes the degree to which we are willing to 51 our belief systems determines the success of our inner economy. For example, imagine that your family of origin had a belief that musical talent was not something they 52 . As a member of that group, you would likely 53 that same belief about yourself. As a result,even if you had a great desire to create music, you might be 54 to really get behind yourself. Because you might fear that your 55 would not pay off. Even if you had the courage to follow your passion, your inner belief that you are not 56 would probably stop your trying. And that would be a major 57 to invest your energy in your dream.On the other hand, belief isn’t anything 58 . If you found a way to 59 that negative belief, a great flood of energy would pour forth, greatly increasing the possibility of your success. How much energy we are willing to invest in the various ideas and dreams is like the money people are, or are not, willing to invest in the various products available for trade on the stock market. And in both cases, 60 plays a key role in determining how willing we are to get behind something. One way to open up the possibility for greater success in our inner economies is to understand that belief is not the reliable 61 we sometimes think. There are other more reliable things of success that we can put our 62 in, such as passion, feeling, and sense. Some of the most successful investors in the stock market are the ones that go against the grain, trusting their sense over the 63 opinion held by ordinary people about what will work.In the same way, we can learn to trust our heart’s desires and our sense to guide us, 64 any beliefs that stand in the way of our ability to fully invest in ourselves. As we take out energy from limiting ideas about what is possible, we 65 the resources that have the power to make our inner economy prosper.51. A. simplify B. challenge C. eliminate D. maintain52. A. possessed B. trusted C. objected D. missed53. A. reject B. preserve C. deny D. share54. A. willing B. sorry C. reluctant D. ready55 A. success B. knowledge C. profession D. investment56. A. devoted B. talented C. concerned D. interested57. A. obstacle B. excuse C. chance D. principle58. A. important B. fixed C. changeable D. stimulating59. A. enhance B. reserve C. release D. follow60. A. energy B. hobby C. expense D. belief61. A. guide B. ability C. goal D. policy62. A. aim B. faith C. task D. dream63. A. unacceptable B. strange C. unbelievable D. common64. A. questioning B. understanding C. interpreting D. believing65. A. stick to B. lead to C. free up D. leave outSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The vast jungles of the Amazon rainforest are home to tribes (部落) mostly isolated from the outside world, whose way of life, largely unchanged for hundreds of years, is now increasingly threatened by modern civilization.Now, scientists discover they can monitor these “uncontacted tribes” using satellites, which would allow inexpensive and safe tracking of these tribes in order to protect them from outside threats.In order to help preserve these uncontacted Indians, researchers need accurate estimates of their populations. One way to collect this data involves flying over their villages, but such over-flights are both expensive and could fill these native peoples with fear. Another strategy involves meeting individuals on the ground, but among other risks, scientists could accidentally spread disease to members of the tribes.Instead, scientists investigated whether satellite images could monitor uncontacted tribes. The result was inspiring. They confirmed their locations and measured the sizes of their village, houses and gardens. “We can find isolated villages wi th remote sensing and study them over time.” Walker told Live Science. “We can ask: Are they growing? Do they move?”Surprisingly, based on the sizes of the houses and villages, the scientists find the population densities of these isolated villages are about 10 times greater, on average, than other villages of native Brazilian peoples. This may be due to the fact that they have to live closer together because they are not as good at clearing the forest, since they lack modern devices like chainsaws and tractors, the researchers said. The tribes may also be afraid of spreading out due to fear of being attacked by outsiders, Walker said.The researchers now plan to focus on 29 more isolated villages to “look at their ecology— that is, distance from rivers and roads—and use this to model where else we can find more isolated villages,” Walker said.66. Scientists don’t want to meet the Indians on the ground due to the fear that ______.A. they can’t get accurate dataB. they could pass disease to the IndiansC. they will be attacked by the IndiansD. they will catch disease from the Indians67. According to the passage, which of the following about the Indian tribes is NOT true?A. They lack modern tools to cut forests.B. Their life styles remain unchanged.C. They live closer together for defense.D. They are contacting the outside world.68. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. More isolated tribes are yet to be discovered.B. Scientists are able to find 29 Amazon tribes in total.C. It’s easy for scientists to find isolated villages.D. More roads should be built for the tribes.69. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. The Disappearing of the Ancient Amazon Tribes.B. Discovery of Indian Tribes in Remote Mountains.C. The Threatening of Modern Civilization to Tribes.D. Research of Isolated Tribes with Modern Devices.(B)The Zebra Finch: An Owner’s Guide to a HappyHealthy PetThe zebra finch, a native of Australia, is a populardomestic pet in the United States. The bird has manyattributes (特性) which allow it to be kept at home, thoughthere are also a few negative aspects. The attributes arenest-building, breeding and a lively attitude. The potentialnegatives are over-breeding and the wildness of the birds.One of the main attributes of zebra finches is their ability to breed. They are the rabbits of the domestic bird world. Once you have two birds, male and female, you will soon have six, as they breed quite easily and have strong babies, usually four at a time. An added attribute is their ability to build their own nests. You can place branch in their place along with some kind of structure, and they will create a nest on their own. It’s very pleasant to see the ways males and females divide some labors and share others, and the babies grow up quickly. Overall, zebra finches are energetic birds, and they can make every place where they live delightful lives.On the negative side, they will breed and in-breed. Often, in-breeding does little harm and does not cause genetic defects (缺陷), as happens more often in other species. However, no one can tolerate just any population level. One has to either remove their nests altogether, which basically removes their personal living place, or check for eggs regularly once a week (the gestation period is 13 days, so even a one-week neglect can lead to births). Eggs can be replaced with false plastic eggs, and this prevents females from laying too many. If they do lay too many, they will die from mineral loss. Since these birds do not tame well, removing eggs can be an unpleasant process of repeatedly invading their personal space.Overall, it is unfortunate that zebra finches are inexpensive birds due to their high level of breeding. They require considerable care to live happy lives. The best care-takers are true avian fanciers — people who have appropriate space for the nests and enough time to allow them to nest-build and breed without over-breeding.70. What is the passage mainly about?A. Zebra finches over-breed by nature and its consequent ill effects.B. Only people who love birds can take care of Zebra finches.C. Domestic zebra finches require a lot of care to live happy lives.D. Zebra finches never become completely tame.71. By saying “They are the rabbits of the domestic bird world”, the writer means that bothrabbits and Zebra finches ______.A. have good ability to breedB. are difficult to be raisedC. live delightful livesD. share responsibilities72. In paragraph 3, the word “gestation” probably means ______.A. the period when eggs remain freshB. the time when finches build up their nest and lay eggsC. the time required for the parents to create a nestD. the time required for baby birds to develop and to be born73. According to the passage, attributes of domestic zebra finches include ______.A. their rareness and easiness to be tamedB. their nest-building, sharing of responsibilities and delightful personalitiesC. their in-breeding, which does not cause as much genetic harm as in other speciesD. the fact that they are from Australia and have difficulty in adapting themselves(C)“Does my smile look big in this?” Future fitting-room mirrors in clothing stores could subtly adjust your reflection to make you look ─and hence feel ─happier, encouraging you to like what you see.That’s the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleagues at the University of Tokyo in Japan. The system can manipulate, or in other word, control your emotions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face.The principle that physiological changes can drive emotional ones ─that laughter comes before happiness, rather than the other way around ─is a well-established idea.The researchers wanted to see if this idea could be used to build a computer system that manipulates how you feel. The system works by presenting the user with a web-camera image of his or her face ─as if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and changing the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown (皱眉).Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited (招募) 21 volunteers and asked them to sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task. When the task was complete the participants rated how they felt. When the faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier. On the other hand, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy.Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers’ emotional state would influence their preferences. Each person was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image. The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smiling were less likely.The system could be used to manipulate consumers’impressions of products, say the researchers. For example, mirrors in clothing-store fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections. They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on.“It’s certainly an interesting area,” says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK. But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions. “Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring that the reflected image looks believable would be much more challenging,” he says.Of course, there are also important moral questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technology. “You could argue that if it makes people happy what harm is it doing?” says Creed. “But I can imagine that many people may feel manipulated, uncomfortabl e and cheated if they found out.”74. What’s the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System?A. To see whether one’s feeling can be unconsciously affected.B. To see whether one’s facial expressions can be altered.C. To see whether laughter comes before happiness.D. To replace the mirrors in future clothing-store fitting rooms.75. What can we learn about the web-camera image in the study?A. It recorded the volunteers’ performance in the task.B. It gave the volunteers a false image.C. It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier.D. It beautified the volunteers’ appearance in the mirror.76. What does Creed mention as a limitation of the technology?A. It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes.B. It only works in clothing stores.C. It only makes subtle changes to people’s expressions.D. It only deals with a limited number of facial expressions.77. What does Creed’s comment on the moral issues with this technology imply?A. Nothing is more important than happiness.B. Technology is unable to manipulate people.C. People should make their decisions independently.D. People should neglect the harm of the technology.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.When e-mail first came into general use about twenty years ago, there was a lot of talk about the arrival of the paperless office. However, it seems that e-mail has yet to revolutionize office communication. According to communications analyst Richard Metcalf, some offices have actually seen an increase in paper as a result of e-mail. “Information in the form of e-mail messages now floods our computer screens. These messages can be sent so quickly that memos tend to be distributed in the hundreds. For those secretaries whose bosses ask them to print out all their e-mails and leave them in their in-trays, this means using up a great deal of paper every month,” Metcalf says.Metcalf has found that because some e-mails get lost in cyberspace, important documents are increasingly likely to be asked by clients and colleagues to send all important documents both by e-mail and by fax. This highlights a further potential problem with e-mail in today’s offices ─it is taking up time rather than saving it. “With e-mail, communication is much easier, but there is also more room for misunderstandings,” says psychologist Dr David Lewis. Generally, much less care is taken with e-mails than with letters or faxes and the sender will probably print the document and reread it before putting it in an envelope or sending it by fax.More worrying is still the increasing misuse of e-mail for sending “flame-mail”─inappropriate e-mail messages. Recent research in several companies suggests that aggressive communications like this are on the increase. E-mail has become the perfect medium for conveying workplace dissatisfaction because it is so instant.E-mail can also be a problem in other ways. Staffs all too often make the mistake of thinking that the contents of the e-mail, like things said over the phone, are private and not permanent. But it is not only possible for an employer to read all your e-mails, it is also perfectly legal. E-mail messages can be traced back to their origin for a period of at least two years, so you might want to rethink e-mailing your dissatisfaction about your boss to your friends. The advice is to keep personal e-mails out of the office.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)78. The promise of paperless office has not come true in many offices mainly because manysecretaries are asked to _____________.79. Why has e-mailing taken up time rather than saved it?80. There is an increasing concern that e-mails are misused by some employees to express_____________.81. It is advised that employees should not use company e-mails as a way of ___________.第II 卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.82. 昨晚我很累，没做完作业就睡了。
2015届闸北区高三英语二模试卷及答案(官方版)
闸北区2015年第二次高考模拟考试试卷高三英语I. Listening Comprehension（30分）Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. She should watch on her weight. B. She can sometimes eat at will.C. She is already overweight.D. She should avoid sweet food.2. A. At the Emergency Room. B. At the grocery store.C. At the dentist’s.D. At a decade-old toast shop.3. A. 20. B. 30. C. 35. D. 45.4. A. On the phone. B. By text. C. Online. D. Face to face.5. A. Furniture shop assistant. B. House agent.C. Insurance agent.D. Carpenter.6. A. Tickets bought online are cheaper.B. It’s hard to buy the tickets at the box office.C. Free pamphlets provide discounts for the Ballet.D. The Ballet show could be watched online.7. A. There are all together three sections for the exam.B. She failed to finish the exam within time.C. She was poor at multiple choices.D. She performed well in the physics exam.8. A. It is too expensive a trip.B. It’s a pity he can’t take his family with him on the trip.C. The trip takes too much time.D. He doesn’t enjoy going to New Zealand for a trip.9. A. Stay up late for exams.B. Don’t pay too much attention to exams.C. Study hard throughout the term.D. Give up on the math test.10. A. Relaxed B. Calm. C. Excited. D. Nervous.Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on eachof the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Relationship problems. B. Low working productivity.C. Poor income.D. Depression.12. A. 6%. B. 10%. C. 15%. D. 26%.13. A. The poor treatment received from National Health Service.B. Patients’ inability to go to bed with a teddy bear.C. The bad quality of the mattress patients use.D. The tension they suffer from in lives.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because they were in need of clothes and food.B. Because they wanted to find honey.C. Because they wanted to take revenge.D. Because they intended to occupy the village.15. A. Because they migrated from Africa.B. Because they are a rare group surviving on the Andamans.C. Because they store precious honey.D. Because their DNA is valuable for scientific study.16. A. They want to learn local language. B. They come to see the outside world.C. They are chasing away outsiders.D. They need drinks and cigarettes.Section CDirections:In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you hear.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation:Complete the report form. WRITE ONE WORD for each answer.House let MemoSecurity measures: Gate ___17___ & security company.Kitchen facilities: Stove, fridge, toaster, NO ___18___.Garden maintenance : Watering & removing ___19___.Rent: 1000 per month with ___20___ excluded.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation:Complete the form. WRITE NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Long distances from ___21___.What was the shortage of the four existing presidentiallibraries in Kennedy’s time?What did Kennedy Library primarily hold? ___22___of Kennedy government.What was the Library intended to become? ___23___Where did the construction fees come from? ___24___.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)Being skinny is not beautiful but being healthy is. Most young people, unfortunately, (25)______(convince) that being thin, and therefore being stylish is a major way of maintaining self-worth. To make the matter worse, they might take this so far that they are likely to end up (26)______ eating disorders.Eating disorders are psychological illnesses defined by abnormal eating habits, (27)______ may involve either insufficient or too much food intake to the damage of an individual's physical and mental health. Bulimia nervosa(暴食症) and anorexia nervosa（食欲匮乏）are the (28)______(common) forms of eating disorders.(29)______ diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are well under a healthy bodyweight. But patients with bulimia nervosa may have a body weight that falls within the range from normal to overweight.(30)_____ primarily thought of as affecting females, eating disorders influence males as well.The precise cause of eating disorders is not entirely understood, but (31)______ is agreed that the disease is linked to other medical conditions and situations. Besides, cultural idealization of thinness and youthfulness also contributes to (32)______(reduce) weight forcefully. The problem has affected a large population worldwide.(B)A new report said middle class workers could still be working (33)______ ______ they are at the age of 70, to help out their grown up children.Middle class workers (34)______(age) 50 and above are being forced to delay their retirement, with many blaming their children, a report revealed yesterday.To many middle class workers, (35)______ bothered them from work couldn't compare with the possibility that they might postpone their retirement date by around five years.It is not just the rising cost of living that is causing the delay. Many pointed to the fact that they are constantly having to provide for their grown-up children at an age (36)______ they assumed they should be financially independent.Actually, one in five middle class workers (37)______ keep working in order to support their children.Many workers struggled all along to the retirement date, only (38)______(realize) that they had to switch to a part-time working pattern, also called semi-retirement. Rarely (39)______ people hear of the concept of semi-retirement in the past but now semi-retirement has become the routine among wealthier people in their 50s and 60s, regarded as (40)______ sign of the country’s on-going worsening economy.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A peak B. prospect C. intense D. indicating E. mildF. uncertaintyG. unusuallyH. complicatedI. appliedJ. prepareK. modelA drop in the sun's radiation can cause cold winters in parts of North America and Europe, scientists say, a finding that could improve long-range forecasts and help countries ___41___ for storms.Scientists have known for a long time that the sun has an 11-year cycle during which radiation from the sun reaches a(n) ___42___ then falls. But detecting a clear link of the cycle to the weather has proved much ___43___ ."Our research notices a link between solar activities and regional winter climate," lead author Sarah Ineson of the UK Met Office told the reporters in an email.Her team focused on the data from the recent minimum solar radiation period during 2008-10, which was a(n) ___44___ calm period for the sun but at the same time, ___45___ winters in the U.S and Europe were recorded which brought troubles to many businesses and made people’s lives difficult.The researchers found that a reduction in radiation from the sun can affect wind patterns , ___46___ cold winters."While radiation levels won't tell us what the day-to-day weather will be, they provide the exciting ___47___of improved prediction for winter conditions for months and even years ahead. These predictions play an important role in long-term weather planning," Ineson said.Ineson's team used the data in a complex computer to ___48___ long-term weather patterns. It successfully reproduced what scientists had observed happening in the upper atmosphere during changes in solar radiation. More study was needed, though. The key ___49___ in the experiment lay in the satellite data used, because it spans(跨度) only a few years. "So there are still questions concerning whether the current research results are accurate and whether they can be ___50___ to other solar cycles," she said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Recently, Pew Research Center announced that over a quarter of Americans have shared a selfie online. Unsurprisingly, the practice of photographing oneself and sharing that image via social media has ___51___ among all age groups. Evidence of its mainstream nature is seen in other aspects of our culture too. Last year, "selfie" was not only added to the Oxford English Dictionary, but also named Word of the Year.Yet, despite the huge number of people practicing it, ___52___ is also surrounding selfie. An assumption that sharing selfies is embarrassing runs throughout the journalistic and scholarly coverage on the topic. Negative words like "self-centered" and "___53___" have inevitably become a part of any conversation about selfies among scholars.But, over a quarter of all Americans are relying on it. Why? The usual reasons given by scholars—self-center and fame-seeking—seem too ___54___ to explain such a crowd acting. There is always more to a social cultural practice than what ___55___.Simply put, physical and digital technology make it possible. The idea that technology ___56___ the social world and our lives has been recognized by people. To some extent, world is shaped by technological revolutions. The selfie is not a(n) ___57___ form of expression. Artists have created self-portraits for centuries, from cave to oil paintings, to early photography and modern art. People are ___58___ their feelings and thoughts through certain media. What's original about today's selfie is its public popularity. Technological advancement ___59___ the self-portrait used to be restricted to the art world and gave it to the masses. Those digital front-facing cameras, social media platforms, and wireless communications conveniently available make selfie a job ___60___ any time anywhere.Besides, We are not ___61___ beings living by ourselves. We are social beings who live in social communities, and as such, our lives are fundamentally formed by social relations with other people. As photos meant to be ___62___, selfies are not individual acts; they are social gestures. Selfies, as well as our presence on social media generally, are a part of “identity work"--the work that we do on a daily basis to ___63___ that we are seen by others as we wish to be seen. In fact, the crafting and display of identity has long been understood as a social process. The selfies we take and show are to present a ___64___ image of us so as to become a part of our identity formation and ___65___.51. A. flowered B. returned C. imposed D. functioned52. A. negotiation B. criticism C. regret D. punishment53. A. self-contained B. self-evident C. self-absorbed D. self-financed54. A. necessary B. smart C. certain D. shallow55. A. meets the eye B. takes the lead C. raises the alarm D. makes the point56. A. operates B. produces C. structures D. ruins57. A. advanced B. new C. intelligent D. available58. A. offering B. revising C. inspiring D. conveying59. A. liberated B. tagged C. honoured D. maintained60. A. at length B. with ease C. at large D. with regards61. A. isolated B. courageous C. traditional D. civilized62. A. saved B. shared C. updated D. deleted63. A. claim B. suppose C. ensure D. signal64. A. fashionable B. skillful C. mysterious D. particular65. A. summary B. evaluation C. monitoring D. exhibitionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Jack looked up and saw in the distance red and green navigation lights coming towards them and knew it must be a naval patrol(巡逻) boat because of its speed. As the humming of the boat’s powerful engines drew closer, Jack bent down.Jack then let out a frightened cry as the brilliant beam of a searchlight broke the darkness and swept the fishing boat from head to tail. By its reflected light, Jack could clearly see the similar looks on the faces of other bent ones.Jack knew that if the patrol boat came close enough, its men would surely see the people hidden in the fishing boat. To collect himself, he leaned his head a little so that he could see Derek standing in the head of the boat, holding the tiller(舵柄). Derek managed to wave back at the patrol boat as if he had not a care in the world. How imperturbable he was!Someone on board the patrol boat switched on a loud speaker and a voice, made harsh and thin by its horn, demanded,” Where are you bound?”Derek shrugged and shouted back, “Tell me where the fish run and I’ll tell you where I am bound.”The noise of idling engines drowned his voice.“Say again!” barked the speaker.“Anywhere where there’s fish!” Derek shouted back. There was a pause. The boats drifted closer to each other.“Why aren’t you showing navigation lights?”Jack watched as Derek pretended to look puzzled and leant out over the side as if to see what they said were true. “They must have blown out,” he apologized with a shrug. “I’ll light them again as soon as you stop rocking me about like this.”Aboard the patrol boat, the captain was wondering if it would be worthwhile searching this old fishing boat for stowaways as how many breathing souls could such a shabby boat hide? The radio suddenly cackled. Abruptly, without another word being exchanged, the light went out and the patrol boat started its engines, speeding off into the dark, leaving the fishing boat floating about in the water.66. Jack let out a scared cry because he ______.A. saw something in the seaB. was afraid of being discoveredC. was blinded by the bright lightsD. was scared by the faces of companions.67. The patrol boat captain did not search the fishing boat as he ______.A. didn’t find it worthwhileB. looked down upon the shabby old fishing boatC. trusted Derek very much.D. was called to another place via the radio68. The underlined word “imperturbable” in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.A. anxiousB. nervousC. calmD. sociable69. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Derek didn’t realize that Jack and others hid in the fishing boat.B. The captain was suspicious of what Derek told him.C. The patrol boat approached the fishing boat to inspect illegal goods.D. Derek succeeded in covering up for the Jack and others on the boat.(B)You may read the questions first：Our booklet is bringing to you the world’s top sceneries:GrenadaKnown as the Island of Spice for its abundance of spicy plants and leaves,Grenada is one of the southernmost Windward Islands in the Caribbean Sea.Many of its spices have been destroyed by hurricanes in the last decade,though its spicy relics(遗迹) are still the inspirations of many master chefsworldwide. The central mountainous land’s cooler air and waterfalls producea near-constant cloud cover of freeze.Tucson, ArizonaA seeming paradise that claims to have 350 sunny days a year, Tucson boastsgeological beauty and hiking so fantastic that visitors can be tempted into afalse sense of security. Be warned: Get prepared for the heat as it isn’t unusualfor temperatures to rise higher than 110ºF (43ºC) in summer months, whenthe rocks can hold that heat well into the evening hours. Even your huntingdog will get sunburnedSouthern BelizeWith flash rainstorms that instantly fill the dirt roads and the wet that makes itone of the greenest places on Earth, this Maya wonderland is home to thelongest barrier reef(堡礁) in the Western globe, the unique uropygialis birdsand the deepest diving—the Blue Hole. Nonetheless it is the back roads of theToledo district, where rain forest meets the jungle, that truly inspire awe andjoy.Newfoundland, CanadaThis Canadian province, which sits at the eastern edge of North America,plays the home for 22 whale species and dozens of seabirds that play ingroups. While the capital city of St. John’s can be quite gentle, the actualisland of Newfoundland has more extreme and unpredictable weather moods.Don’t forget to bring your windbreakers and thick sweaters.GrimseyThis island across the Arctic Circle is the northernmost point of inhabitablespace in Iceland. It is a small, rocky island with little vegetation, only a fewhundred permanent residents, and cliffs teeming with arctic birds known aspuffins, which seem insensitive to the local extreme chill as they dive-bombfrom high on the rocks into the Arctic Ocean for food.Cuenca, SpainUniquely known as the walled city because of its “hanging houses” atop (oractually part of) walls carved out of a rocky hillside in the 15th century,Cuenca’s castle-like front sits above the Jucar River Valley, attracting visitorsworldwide. The houses, which bake in the high summer temperatures, arenow home to an abstract art museum reached by crossing a woodenpedestrian swinging bridge.70. The two places of interest that enjoy high temperatures are ______.A. Tucson and NewfoundlandB. Grenada and GrimseyC. Newfoudnland and CuencaD. Tucson and Cuenca71. The creature(s) mentioned in the booklet that is not afraid of cold weather is ______.A. uropygialis birdsB. whales and seabirdsC. puffin birds.D. hunting dog72. Cuenca’s major tourist attraction is ______.A. the hanging rocky face of an art museumB. a naturally formed castleC. the famous bakery in the summer timeD. a wooden pedestrian swinging bridge73. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the booklets?A. There are no people living in Grimsay due to the extreme whether.B. Grenada would especially appeal to the cooking fans.C. The most impressive focus of attraction in Southern Belize is the Blue Hole.D. People’s safety in Tucson can’t be guaranteed by the local government.(C)Trade has a pretty bad name in some quarters. Trade robs poor people of a proper living, and keeps them trapped in poverty. There is a widely held popular view that trade is unfair.Though many claim that a freer trade would change the current indecent reputation of world market, the cure-all free trade is the dream of most textbook economists. In fact, "Free trade" has been usedsuccessfully by powerful countries to land their mass-produced goods on fresh overseas dumping grounds and squeeze out local household businesses and craftsmanship.At home the story is different. Large firms have little appetite for free trade and competition in their own backyard. They prefer to enjoy the advantages and protections for which they have carefully earned. Free thus fierce competition has little appeal for those who understand that they will make more profit if they can corner the market, whether at home or abroad.By contrast, making trade fairer is about addressing both outcomes and processes of trade. Fairness is not just moral request. It affects behaviour. Actually the concept of fairness increases steadily as societies achieve greater market uprightness: Businessmen from upright societies are willing to punish those who do not play fair, even if this is costly to themselves.Fairer trade rather than freer trade could partly mend mal-administering of resources in certain areas. Though thought of as evil economic policies in the west world, carefully planned special preferences and protectionism could be used intelligently to help to block the economic robbery of the rich class in African countries, and to improve the lives of the bottom billion.Fairness is also important in the control of trade. The current International trade negotiations have resulted in rules favouring the powerful. The rules are made in negotiations in which the countries in control call the shots, and do not always do so in good faith. Industrialized countries were often found to have obtained definite and far-reaching commitments from developing countries, in exchange for vague promises, such as to liberalise agriculture, which they have not kept. On the other hand, the essence of the fair trade lies in the promise that every party benefit from the business, rich or poor, powerful or weak.Making trade fairer is important to avoid a further public hate against trade. It is also important so as better to balance trade goals with other important national goals such as environmental and social protection. Finally, the so-called free trade system needs to be made fairer so that it does not block competition, and crush innovation and business spirit. It needs to offer a more level playing field to commercial newcomers and competitors in rich and poor countries alike.74. Free trade is a concept at rich countries’ service to ______.A. open up new markets abroadB. define trade in the economic textbooksC. dump pollutants in poor countriesD. learn the skills from local household businesses.75. The key mechanism of fair trade is ______.A. punishing the rich countries when they cheat the poor countriesB. making sure that rich countries provide more chances for poor countriesC. promoting special preferences and protectionism in poor areasD. guaranteeing the common interests of all the dealers76. The underlined word “mal-administering” in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.A. macro-managementB. overall collectionC. uneven distributionD. negative mining77. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Large firms earn huge profits from free trade on domestic markets.B. Honest dealers would sacrifice their own interest to discipline the dishonest.C. Special preferences and protectionism are occasionally adopted in western countries.D. A fairer trade helps to ease competition between the rich and the poor.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Few would argue that there has not been significant technological progress in the field of self-driving cars in recent years. Aside from the technology question, the legislative issue gives the world a worse headache. The content of the trouble centres on the question of who is to blame in a crash. The legal field tends to have the owners take responsibility for the messes their cold lifeless machine makes, for which case an explosion of lawsuits are well expected.Today, many of the car manufacturers and their suppliers are researching self-driving technology, but it is unclear why they would want to roll it out quickly. A consumer in America, for example, uses his or her car for approximately one hour per day. There is, therefore, a large amount of "free capacity" in the personal vehicle use market. Imagine a world where you can be driven to work, and where your car can then turn around and drive home so that your partner or anybody else can use it during the day. This shared use pattern could certainly stop the need to own a second car. Taken to its logical conclusion, it could even be the biggest reason to eliminate the need to own a car at all. The effects on car sales volumes could be destructive.The possible violation of privacy is also a big issue on the map. We all know that consumer data is big business. A self-driving car would easily log where you visited, the time of the day you went, and much more. Though your purchase preferences might escape secret peeping, the leakage of your whereabouts seems inevitable as it’s hard to do what you are always doing to your smartphone toward the sole tool of transportation. Power off the big steel fellow and you are stuck on the road. The now excitedly expecting public are sure to be annoyed soon.Much discussed, the poor application of the technology outweighs the previous factors. In car industry, new vehicle features take a long time to get to broad market mass. Features are typically launched first on high-end vehicles, and then trickle down once there is sufficient space in the market to generate the scale affordable for the volume vehicles. With a car model's life cycle being between five and seven years, it is hard to see self-driving technology being fitted as standards of the mass-market brands.We still have a long way off from a world of completely self-driving cars.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. The likelihood to take the car owners as the guilty party in traffic accidents will give rise to _________.79. What feature of the self-driving car would mainly affect car sales?80. How can we prevent our personal data from being monitored by the self-driving car?81. The most serious problem facing the self-driving car is ____________.II卷（共47分）I. Translation（22分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．语言运用需要足够的词汇量为基础。
徐汇区2015高三英语二模试卷答案
徐汇区2015高三英语二模试卷答案高三年级英语学科2015.4 Listening ComprehensionSection A1-5 ABCDC 6-10 DACBASection B11-13 CBB 14-16 BDASection C17. straight 18. fashion 19. graduate 20. composing21. doing exercise regularly/ exercising regularly 22. insects and droughts23. improved living conditions 24. food security/ safetyII. Grammar and VocabularySection A(A) 25. as/when 26. more likely 27. the 28. have accomplished29. what 30. could 31. Until/If 32. yourself/ourselves/yourselves(B) 33. to investigate 34. Having endured 35. who 36. fallen37. helping 38. were lost 39. Whether 40. likeSection B41-45 IKAEC 46-50 HBDJGIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A51-55 BADBA 56-60 DBCAD 61-65 CCABCSection B66-69 DAAB 70-73 CDBA 74-77 DBBCSection C78.What is the origin of the word technology?79.work with your hands, see the results of your work, and have new ideas and new challenges80.Because airbags inflate so quickly that they have caused injury and death in some cases81.understands technology and feels comfortable with technology第II卷(共47分)I. Translation1.As we all know/ As is known to all, cutting down a large number of trees has disastrouseffects on the balance of nature.2.Her parents were busy with work, so she learned to take careof/look after herself at anearly age.3.This funny movie did distract my attention so that I forgot these tough problems for thetime being.4.He was asked many questions by the interviewer during the interview in order to see if/whether he was capable of doing scientific research.5.It was because he was appointed as manager that the company has developed into a giantin the advertising business..II. Guided Writing略Tape scripts and reference answersListening comprehensionI. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirection: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question willbe asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the questions about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. M: Any idea how long they will keep you in there?W: As long as I don’t have a runny nose and a feverQ: Where does the conversation probably take place?2. W: How much shall I tip the porter?M: Usually $2 each bag. And we have got 1,2…Hmm,2 bags in all.Q: How much should the woman tip the porter?3. W: Look, this toy car looks so nice. I think our son little TOM would like it. Shall we buy it for him?M: Mm, it dose look nice, but he’s already got too many .Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?4. M: How do Jane and Bill like their new home?W: Very comfortable. But it’s an annoyance to have to hear thejets go over their house all dayalong.Q: What’s the problem with their new house?5. M: As we know, shopping plays a very i mportant role in people’s lives, and it is the favoritepastime of many people, especially women.W: Yeah. I can’t agree with you more. In order to promote sales, sellers and manufacturers placea variety of shopping ads in newspapers and magazines, on the radio and television.Q: Which topic are they talking about?6. M: I don't like the prices on the menu. They always seem too high.W: You will have a different view after eating the tasty food.Q: What does the woman mean?7. W: Some people know a lot more than they tell.M: Unfortunately the reverse is also true.Q: What does the man mean?8. W: Suppose the company offered you a pay rise of 50%, would you be so determined to leaveand look for a job elsewhere?M: Yes, I’ve set my mind on it. I’d like to find a job with opportunity to show my ability.Q: Why has the man decided to leave the company?9. W. I’m tired of Mark’s remarks. I don’t understand why he always looks at everything in anegative way.M: Why don’t you follow me, Mary? Don’t take his comments seriously.Q: According to the man, what should the woman do about Mark?10. M: God, according to the data online, the PM 2.5 reaches to a risky level of 300 today.W: I thought there was something wrong with monitoring equipment.Q: What can we infer from the woman’s remark?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you heara question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decidewhich one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.The hours really aren’t very regular although I work every day of the week from Monday to Friday, but I don’t start at that sort of hours like nine till five because I don’t work in an office, I work from home. Having said that, some of the hours can be from seven in the morningtill ten at night dep ending on if I get a lot of phone calls during the week. So, having had phone calls, I’ve got to go out and see them all over the places and for that, obviously, I’ve got to have a car, which the company supplies, actually all expenses.Some of the people that I go to see are quite awkward. There are a lot of men, it’s a very male-oriented business and a lot of men still feel that a woman’s place is in the home and she should be tied to the kitchen sink and looking after the children.Any candidate who comes for my type of job has to be outgoing,fairly joyful, cheerful,they’ve got to be constantly smiling, eyes bright, questions answered and it’s not the easiest of situations if you’ve had a heavy conference the night before.Questions:11. Concerning this job, which of the following duties is not mentioned in the passage?12. According to the passage, what kind of people is most suitable for this job?13. What is probably the speaker?Questions 14 through16 are based on the following passage:Many people catch a cold in the springtime or fall. It makes us wonder if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can't they find a cure for the common cold? The answer is easy. There are actually hundreds of kinds of cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn't a cure for each one.When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and cause a block in it. You feel terrible because you can't breathe well, but your body is actually eating the virus. Your temperature goes up and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop the virus from getting into your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold.Different people have different cures for Colds. In the United States and some other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup to make themselves feel better. Some people take hot baths and drink warm liquids. Other people take medicine to stop Various symptoms of colds.There is one interesting thing to note. Some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer because your body doesn't have a way to fight it and killit. Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. There is a joke goinglike this, “It takes about one week to get over a cold if you don'ttake medicine, but it takes only seven days to get over a cold if youtake medicine.”Questions:14. According to the passage, why haven’t the scientists find acure for the common cold?15. What does the speaker say about the symptoms of the common cold?16. What do scientists say about taking medicines for the commoncold according to the passage?Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations.The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation:M: I’ve heard a lot about your sister. She is a nice girl. Couldyou give me more information on her?W: You mean Jane? Hey, Steven, you have really good taste!M: Come on, please.W: Well, she is lovely. She is a fashion designer and works in Star Studio.M: What color is her hair?W: Oh, blonde, quite long hair.M: curly?W: No, Pretty straight. Her hair come s down like this…just over the waist.M: Do you think we have something in common?W: Sure. She also graduated from Harvard University. She is beautiful and so well-educated too. M: Great! I’m wondering what she is most interested in.W: Oh, she plays piano. She is a music and art lover. A lot of her leisure time is spent in concerts or some art exhibitions. One more thing, she is also fond of composing some music of her own. M: What sound marvelous!Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.M: Health is very important. How do you keep fit?W: I have a balanced diet and I do exercise regularly as long as I have free time.M: So, what do you think is a healthy diet?W: A healthy diet should contain all the essential nutrients.M: What do you know about transgenic food?W: Transgenic technology can increase the output of crops and give the crops such attributes as insect-resistance or drought-resistance though it has its negative effects.M: Does it cause heart disease?W: No, I don’t think so. I suppose it is because of the improved living con ditions that people are provided with more meat, which results in an excessive amount of fat in human body.M: Have you heard the news that in 2008, at least six babies were killed in China and 300,000 fell ill after drinking infant formula poisoned with the industrial chemicals.W: How terrible! It really matters that the government should set strict rules and regulations to standardize the production of food and punish severely those manufacturers.M: I can’t agree with you more.。
(完整版)2015上海市浦东新区区高三英语二模试卷(无听力版)
浦东新区2015高三英语二模试卷英语试卷II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)What should you take in with you when you take an exam? Pen, pencil, eraser, ruler … and don’t forget a bottle of water!According to a study held in London, students ___25___(bring) water into exams may improve their grades by up to 10%. Scientists in UK did the study on 448 students. The students were studying for a different degree at the University of East London. Only 25% of them entered the exam hall with water. Scientists then compared their exam results with their normal schoolwork grades. They found that all those who ___26___(bring) water with them got better grades by 2% to10%. Scientists also predicted the students’ scores according to their normal scho olwork. They wrote down their possible scores on paper ___27___ the students took exams.It is unclear ___28___ drinking water improves exam results. But scientists say having enough water in our bodies and not feeling thirsty could have a helpful effect on our brains. Drinking water may also reduce anxiety,___29____ has a bad effect on exam performances.“___30____the explanation is, it is clear that students ___31___try hard to stay hydrated (含水的) with water during exams,” one of the scientists sa id. So next time, when you are going to have a big exam, try __32___(furnish) yourself with a bottle of water. It may help you pass the exam!(B)Without any previous notice, a documentary dominated headlines and social websites over the weekend.Under the Dome, a 103-minute documentary ___33___(self-fund) by former news anchor Chai Jing, ___34___(release) in China on Feb 28. It has rapidly pushed the public awareness about air pollution and encouraged people to join in ___35___effort to make a difference.Chai, 39, said she started the work out of her “personal clashes” with smog after she gave birth to a daughter. “I sealed tight all the windows.I started every day by checking the air pollution index,” Chai said. Millions of other people are doi ng the same. While they stop there, Chai goes much ___36___(deep). “I don't want to live in this way. I need to find out where the smog comes from an d what on earth is going on”Chai's research reveals that it is the burning of coal and oil ___37___contributes to 60 percent of PM2.5 pollutants. She then goes on to disclose loopholes in car emissions regulations. Some of the laws have been in place for years, ___38___ have never been applied. The film also explains thatbusinesses are pressured not to obey the law because violating them carries little or no cost, while making changes pushes up costs. The film also points at China's petroleum and steel industries ___39___the biggest sources of air pollution.Chai goes on to list the things ordinary people can do___40___(help) and sums everything up by calling for individual responsibility in reporting illegal emissions via the hotline 12369.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana (大麻). That is the statement of researchers who have found that ___41___ away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the user’s IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares ___42___ with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have described the phenomenon of ___43___ stupidity as “infomania(咨询强迫症)”. The research conducted by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded that it is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men.It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person’s mind. It can cause a ___44___ distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentratin g on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of ___45___ to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. The report also added that, in a long term, the brain will be ___46___ shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life. At a microcellular level, the ___47___ networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brain actually change in response to certain experiences.Too much use of mod ern technology can be damaging not only to a person’s mind, but to their social relationship. 1100 adults were interviewed during the research. More than 62 per cent of them admitted that they were ___48___ to checking their e-mails and text messages so often that they examined work-related ones carefully even when at home or on holiday. Half said that they always responded immediately to an email and will even interrupt a meeting to do so. It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and ___49___ an d affecting one’s characteristics. Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude.The effects on IQ were studied by Dr Glenn Wilson, a psychologist at University of London. “This is a very real and widespread phenomenon,” he said. “We have found that infomania will damage a worker’s performance by reducing their mental ___50___ and changing their social life. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of workin g.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Sometimes when you take a common drug, you may have a side effect. That is, the drug may cause some effect other than its ___51___ one. When these side effects occur, they are called adverse reactions. ___52___ you have an adverse reaction, you should stop taking the drug right away. Ask your doctor whether he can suggest a drug that will ___53___ the symptoms but that will not cause the adverse reaction. If an adverse reaction to a drug is serious, consult your doctor for advice at once.Drugs that are ___54___ in the dosage(剂量) stated on the label may be dangerous in large doses. As for aspirin, it is ___55___ thought of as dangerous, but there are many reports of accidental poisoning of young children who swallow too many for their young bodies to handle. In adults, ___56___ use of some pain-killing drugs may cause severe kidney damage. Some drugs for relief of stomach upsets, when taken in excess, can cause an upset in the body’s secretion of enzymes(酶的分泌), perhaps bringing about serious digestive problems. You should never use any over-the-counter drug on a regular, continued ___57___, or in large quantities, except on your doctor’s advice. You could be suffering from a serious illness that needs a doctor’s care.Each drug you take not only acts on the body but may also ___58___ the effect of any other drug you are taking. Sometimes, the consequences of this change can lead to dangerous or even fatal reactions. ___59___, aspirin increases the blood-thinning effect of drugs given to patients with heart disease. ___60___, a patient who has been taking such a drug may___61___ hemorrhage(出血) if he uses aspirin every time he gets a headache. When it comes to ___62___ certain drugs can safely be used together, you should ask your doctor and follow his advice.Alcohol may increase the effect of a drug. With alcohol, sleeping pills and antihistamines are likely to produce drowsiness(半醒半睡). When taking any drug, you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in ___63___ with the medicine.Experts believe there is a relationship between adult abuse of legitimate(合法的) medicines and the drug culture that has swept our country. You can do your share to ___64___ the chances of your children’s becoming part of the drug culture by treating all medicines with ___65___.51.A. imagined B. intended C. created D. extended52.A. Wherever B. Whatever C. Whenever D. However53.A. reduce B. recover C. relieve D. remove54.A. safe B. reliable C. adequate D. available55.A. merely B. generally C. particularly D. hardly56.A. adequate B. excessive C. direct D. full57.A. basis B. ground C. level D. control58.A. have B. create C. alter D. take59.A. In addition B. In conclusion C. By contrast D. For example60.A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Namely61.A. avoid B. discover C. slow D. risk62.A. how B. whether C. what D. when63.A. combination B. harmony C. association D. comparison64.A. increase B. improve C. reduce D. take65.A. respect B. doubt C. patience D. permissionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Anthropology sophomore Van Truong recently combined art and biology to excel at her final exam in December. While most of her college mates used lists and flashcards to memorize stuff, Van used a whiteboard to write out all her notes in the form of ‘Starry Night’, Van Gogh’s famous masterpiece.“I knew I had to study for this exam, and I knew I’d bewriting on this whiteboard for hours,” she said. “So I thought,‘Wouldn’t it be funny if I did it in a form where people didn’tknow how to feel about it?’”So when she got to Smathers Library on the Universityof Florida’s Gainesville campus, she started to write down allher notes with the words forming a replica（复制品）of VanGogh’s iconic painting. Th ree hours later, the masterpiecewas complete.Truong said that the special technique helped her keep awake during the tiring study session, and actually learn more than she normally would have. “I knew if I had to read through a packet of notes, I’d fall asleep,” she admitted. “I don’t know if I would have lasted three hours just going through notes. I can explain chronologically the order of where I placed each word on that Starry Night replica better than a sequence of events in evolutionary history.”An d the reason she chose ‘Starry Night’ was because of its composition. She realized that a painting of a person might look disjointed if made out of words. But she could easily make the sentences look like Van Gogh’s beautiful, wavy brush strokes.The young anthropology student is no stranger to original art. Last year, she and a friend recreated Leonardo Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa using seaweed(海带) that had washed up on shore near her home.66. Unlike her college mates, Van Truong __________.A. used flashcards to memorise exam facts.B. reviewed her notes in the form of Van Gogh’s painting.C. combined words and biology to achieve a better exam performance.D. went to the library to complete Van Gogh’s replica.67. Which of the following is Not an advantage the special technique brought her?A. It kept her refreshed and focused.B. It made her learning more productive.C. It fought off the boredom of mechanical memorization.D. It improved her understanding of Van Gogh’s masterpiece.68. The reason why she preferred ‘Starry Night’ to a portrait was that_________.A. she previously wrote a composition about ‘Starry Night’B. words would look separate and disconnected in a portraitC. sentences fitted in with the strokes of ‘Starry Night’better.D. she could produce more beautiful sentences in ‘Starry Night’69. What’s the best title of this passage?A. A Diligent StudentB. A Creative LearnerC. An Enthusiastic ArtistD. A Follower of Van Gogh(B)The most powerful streaming stick Fire TVStickStreaming media HDMI stick with Netflix, amazonPrime Instant Video, music, games and more.$89.00What is Fire TV StickFire TV Stick connects your HDTV to a world of online entertainment. Whether you're a VIP member or not, enjoy a huge selection of movies and TV episodes, voice search that actually works, and exclusive features like ASAP(Advanced Streaming and Prediction) . VIP members enjoy unlimited, commercial-free streaming of tens of thousands of popular movies and TV shows, rent videos from just 99 cents, or kick back with your favorite sports, news, music, and games.The Most Powerful Streaming Media StickFrom the responsive interface (界面) to instant search results, everything about Fire TV Stick is fast and fluid. You shouldn’t have to wait 10 seconds for a video to buffer every time you press “Play.” Advanced Streaming and Prediction for Amazon Instant Video learns what movies and shows you like and gets them ready for you to watch. The more you use Fire TV Stick, the more accurate ASAP becomes, dynamically adapting to your viewing habits.Say it, watch itDownload the Fire TV Remote App to instantly search TV shows, movies, actors, and genres using just your voice—no more typing with your remote to find what you want. The app is supported on many Android phones and tablets, iOS phones and tablets, Fire Phone, and Fire HDX & Fire HD tablets with microphones.Voice search on Fire TV Stick is powered by the same voice search engine as Amazon Fire TV and is supported for the entirety of Amazon’s video, app, and game catalog, plus for Hulu Plus,Crackle, Vevo and Showtime Anytime. We will continue to integrate additional content partners over time.Bring Your Small Screen to the Big ScreenClick the “fling” icon on your Fire phone or tablet to send video and audio to your big screen, leaving you free to use your Amazon mobile device for other tasks. With Second Screen, learn more about TV shows and movies playing on Fire TV Stick with Amazon-exclusive X-Ray, powered by IMDb. Dive deep in-scene to explore characters, trivia, music, and more. When you’re done watching, simply bring everything back to your tablet with a touch.70. To buy a Fire TV Stick, you need to search the Amazon under the category of ________.A. electronicsB. cell-phones and accessoriesC. home appliancesD. grocery71. The Fire TV Stick boasts of its exclusive feature ASAP because _______.A. it connects users to a world of online entertainmentB. it accommodates user s’ taste and prepare videos in advanceC. users can download movies onto their computer as soon as possibleD. users can instantly search for their favorite TV shows, movies, etc.72. _______is a must for voice search.A. Speaking to the television speakerB. Pressing the remote controlC. Talking to the tablet microphoneD. Typing on the keyboard73. Which of the following statement is Not True with a Fire TV Stick?A. users can search actors and genres using voice.B. users can shift channels with their mobile phones.C. users can project their video on the tablet onto an HDTV.D. users can enjoy numerous commercial-free movies and TV shows.(C)On March 9th, Apple, probably the most successful technology company in history, held an event to launch its smartwatch, which will go on sale next month. In addition to keeping track of time, the watch measures the wearer’s heart rate and activity levels, processes voice commands, gives alerts of incoming e-mails and calls and facilitates payments in checkout lines. In other words, it does a lot of what smartphones already accomplish, but is worn on the wrist and must be close to an iPhone in order to function. Why is there so much buzz about this watch?As smartphones have enjoyed a sudden and tremendous boost in global appeal, people have started to wonder what the next major technology trend would be. Many analysts have pinned their hopes on wearable devices, which contain small sensors to track and display information. This category includes everything from smartwatches like Apple’s, to fitness bands that measure sleep patterns and exercise, to “smart” shoes that measure distance, to smart glasses that can take voice commands and display information. Wearables promise to measure personal data and save people time: a glance at one’s wrist to see alerts takes fewer s econds than pulling out a phone. Companies in various industries, from mining to airlines, are also cautiously testing whether wearables can help improve efficiency or customer service.However, while the number of wearable gadgets has grown, consumers still tend to be geeks (对电脑痴迷的人) and fitness fans. Last year around 21million wearable devices were sold, most of them wrist-worn devices, according to IDC, a research firm. Wearable devices have failed to becomemainstream for three main reasons. First, many of them are unable to function without a nearby smartphone, which limits their appeal. Consumers already have to keep track of several devices without adding another. Second, they are not yet considered cool. Google Glass, a pair of “smart” glasses made by the search-engine firm, were so clunky that even fashion models could not make them look good. Third, there is not yet a “killer app” that proves their usefulness in people’s daily lives. Technologists imagine a future when wearable devices will serve to confirm personal identity, facilitate payments, unlock house and car doors and track people’s activity and wellness. That future, however, is years away.Apple has a record of pushing existing technologies into the mainstream, including the Macintosh computer, iPod, iPhone and iPad. This helps explain why people are so interested in Apple’s watch. If the firm’s new product is attractive enough, it could validate (使…有效)a whole category of technology. Apple has enough loyal fans to sell millions of watches this year. But wearable devices’ usefulness for the masses remains uncertain. In the meantime, firms and software developers will need to invest more time and resources in designing new applications that will put the “wear” in wearables.74. The underlined word “buzz” in the first paragraph probably means “_______”.A. excitementB. doubtC. complaintD. satisfaction75. Apple’s smartwatch h as all the following functions except that ________.A. it makes payments more convenientB. it informs people of the arrival of emailsC. it enables the wearer to talk to the callerD. it reacts to commands when talked to76. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. Apple can become the mainstream in technology because most of its products own attractiveappearances.B. Wearable technology is popular among the majority because it serves various purposes indiverse areas.C. Firms and software developers need to make wearable devices more wearable to meet theneeds of the majority.D. Many people still want to buy Google Glass even if it doesn’t look good on fashion models.77. What is the purpose of writing this passage?A. To tell people about the functions and limits of Apple’s smartwatch.B. To argue that the smartwatch can serve as a good example to improve wearable devices.C. To encourage various companies to improve their businesses by using wearables.D. To help consumers differentiate the smartwatch from other wearable gadgets.(D)While some dictionaries define the word “right” as “a privilege” when used in the context of “human rights”, we are talking about something more basic. Originally, people had rights only because of their membership in a group, such as a family. Then, in 539 BC, Cyrus the Great, after conquering the city of Babylon, did something totally unexpected—he set all slaves free and let them return home. Moreover, he declared people should choose t heir own religion. Cyrus’ statements are about the first “human rights” declaration in history.Every person has certain basic rights, simply by the fact of being human. These are called “human rights” rather than a privilege, which can be taken away at someone’s sudden desire. They are “rights” because they are things you are allowed to be, to do or to have. These rights are there foryour protection against people who might want to harm or hurt you. They are also there to help us get along with each other and live in peace.Yet many people, when asked to name their rights, will list only freedom of speech and belief and perhaps one or two others. There is no question that these are important rights, but the full scope of human rights is very broad. They mean choice and opportunity. They mean the freedom to get a job, adopt a career, select a partner of one’s choice and raise children. They include the right to travel widely and the right to work without trouble, abuse and threat of arbitrary (霸道) dismissal. They even embrace the right to leisure.In ages past, there were no human rights. Then the idea turned up that people should have certain freedoms. And that idea, following World War II, resulted finally in the document called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the thirty rights to which all people are entitled. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No more than 10 words)78. In 539 BC, people were greatly surprised by Cyrus’s_________________________.79. A privilege is different from Human rights in that it___________________________.80. How long have human rights officially existed?81. What’s the main idea of the passage?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我很难在这份菜单上找到素食。
徐汇区2015高三英语二模试卷
徐汇区2015高三英语二模试卷高三英语试卷2015.4 Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the clinic. B. At the airport. C. On the playground. D. In the prison.2. A. $2. B. $4. C. $12. D. $24.3. A. Customer and shop assistant. B. Mother and son.C. Husband and wife.D. Teacher and student.4. A. Decoration. B. Traffic. C. Space. D. Noise.5. A. Advertisements. B. TV programs. C. Shopping. D. Forms of pastime.6. A. The man can see a different view. B. The food is not tasty enough.C. The man cannot afford the food.D. The food is worth the price.7. A. Some people tell a lot more than they know.B. Some people like to hide their thoughts.C. What the woman said is wrong.D. He knows more than the woman does.8. A. He is not equal to the job.B. He is not well paid for his work.C. He doesn‟t think the job is challenging enough.D. He can not keep mind on his work.9. A. She shouldn‟t listen to Mark anymore.B. She should pay little attention to what Mark says.C. She shouldn‟t do things negatively.D. She should take Mark‟s remarks seriously.10.A. She thinks the pollution level is too serious to be true.B. She is sure that the equipment is broken.C. She doesn‟t believe the man at all.D. She is annoyed by the wrong report about the pollution level.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Receiving phone calls. B. Visiting awkward people.C. Working out a plan.D. Having a tiring meeting.12.A. People preferring regular working hours. B. People who are lively and open.C. Both males and females.D. People without a driving license.13.A. Policewoman. B. Sales representative.C. Secretary.D. Tour guide.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. They haven‟t devoted to medicine as much as to space travel.B. There are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.C. It is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D. They believe people can recover without treatment.15.A. They reveal the seriousness of the problem. B. They indicate how fast the virus spreads.C. They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D. They show our body is fighting the virus.16.A. It actually does more harm than good.B. It causes damage to some organs of our body.C. It works better when combined with other treatments.D. It helps us to recover much sooner.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Information about JaneAppearance: a beautiful girl with long, blonde and 17 hairOccupation: a 18 designer in Star StudioEducation: a 19 of Harvard UniversityInterest: a music and art lover, fond of 20 her won musicComplete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.How can we keep fit? By having a balanced diet and 21 .Why can transgenic (转基因的)Because they are resistant to 22 .technology increase the output of crops?Why do many people suffer from heartBecause 23 provide people with over-nutrition. disease?What do Chinese people want theTo solve the problem of the domestic 24 . government to do?Complete the form. Write NOT MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)As you get older, it feels like time tends to move faster. As Dan Ariely explains over at The Wall Street Journal, we tend to fall into familiar routines (25) we age and that makes time move quickly.We perceive time as something like a stack of memories, so the less new experiences you have, the (26) (likely) you are to fill in those memories with interesting things.Time does go by (or, more accurately, it feels as if time is going by) more quickly, the older we get.In the first few years of our lives, anything we sense or do is brand new, and many of our experiences are unique, so they remain firmly in our memories. But as (27) years go by, we encounter fewer and fewer new experiences—both because we (28) (accomplish) a lot and because we are slaves to our daily routines.For example, try to remember (29) happened to you every day last week，chances are that nothing extraordinary happened, so you will be hard-pressed to recall the specific things you did on Monday, Tuesday, etc.What can we do about this? Maybe we need some new app that will encourage us to try out new experiences, point out things we‟ve never done, recommend dishes we‟ve never tasted and suggest places we‟ve never been. Such an app (30) make our lives more varied, encourage us to try new things, slow down the passage of time and increase our happiness.(31) such an app arrives, try to do at least one new thing every week. It‟s not too difficult to push (32) to do new things.(B)This afternoon, I spoke with Governor Malloy and FBI Director Mueller. I offered Governor Malloy my condolences（吊唁，慰问）on behalf of the nation, and made it clear that he will have every single resource that he needs (33) (investigate) this heinous（令人发指的）crime, care for the victims, comfort their families.(34) ______ (endure) too many of these tragedies in the past few years. And each time I learn the news I react not as a President, but as anybody else would — as a parent. And that was especially true today. I know there‟s not a parent in America who doesn‟t feel the same overwhelming grief that I do.The majority of those (35) died today were children — beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. They had their entire lives ahead of them —birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own. Among the (36) (fall) were also teachers — men and women who devoted their lives to (37) (help) our children fulfill their dreams.So our hearts are broken today — for the parents and grandparents, sisters and brothers of these little children, and for the families of the adults who (38) (lose). Our hearts are broken for the parents of the survivors as well, for as blessed as they are to have their children home tonight, they know that their children‟s innocence has been torn away from them too early, and there are no words that will ease their pain.As a country, we have been through this too many times. (39) it‟s an elementary school in Newtown, or a shopping mall in Oregon, or a temple in Wisconsin, or a movie theater in Aurora, or a street corner in Chicago — these neighborhoods are our neighborhoods, and these children are our children. And we‟re going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies (40) this, regardless of the politics.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. instructionsB. randomC. highlyD. revealedE. simplyF. establishedG. situations H. confirmed I. senses J. common K. routinesPosting a photo of the food you‟re about to eat on WeChat has become a daily ritual（惯例；仪式）for many. Often this food in the photo isn‟t as appealing to those looking at it, but scientists are now claiming taking a photo of your food before you eat it makes it taste better.Researchers at University of Minnesota‟s Carlson School of Management claim taking a photo puts you in the moment and in doing so, heightens your (41)______. The person taking the photo will, on some level, feel the motivation to continue the practice.Researchers wondered about the power of rituals after noticing the funny (42)______ that people often perform before eating and drinking. They conducted experiments to investigate whetherthese kinds of habitual behaviour influences taste.In the first experiment, some participants were asked to eat a piece of chocolate following a detailed set of (43)______: …Without unwrapping the chocolate bar, break it in half. Unwrap half of the bar and eat it. Then, unwrap the other half and eat it.‟ The other participants were (44)______ instructed to relax for a short amount of time and then eat the chocolate bar however they wanted.The results showed that those who had performed the ritual rated the chocolate more(45)______, enjoyed it more, and were willing to pay more for the chocolate than the other group.A second experiment (46)______ these findings, showing that (47)______ movements don‟t produce a more enjoyable eating experience. The data also (48)______ that a longer delay between ritual and consumption enhanced these effects, even with a common food like carrots.While these rituals may seem insignificant, the researchers note that the effects they produce are quite amazing. And while rituals are (49)______ before mealtimes, they could play a role in other (50)______, too.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An examination is a very important part of life, which is used to test a person‟s ability. But as you know many of us has (51)_____ and are afraid of it. Though they know that exams are there for their benefit, they still have a lot of fear for it. It is very often we find such people. You will find such people a little anxious and a little stressed about their exams. Many a time such nerves can be (52)_____ and useful to you, for others it‟s nerve wrecking.To overcome these nerves we got some tips for you. Don‟t get too excited about the exams and for that don‟t drink too much of the coffee or tea to cope up with the exam (53)_____. Eat a healthy and proper diet and don‟t worry about the exams while eating. Stress can be harmful to you (54)_____ sometimes. It can cause a lot of problems in your body, which can be increased heartbeat and breath, sweating palms, nervous attitude, stressed about exams, etc...Before moving to the examination hall you prepare thoroughly about the exams. For that firstly make a list of what is to be studied and then make an overlook for that. Now divide each subject into some easy sub-classes. Go through some (55)_____ question papers and study your earlier mistakes made in it. Make a perfect schedule for your study. Overlook the (56) _____ used for answering the questions I mean their pattern and style of writing. Solve few more question papers to achieve a proper time (57)_____. Take some quick breaks in your study time so that you can (58)_____ an interest in your study.Now while taking the exams just relax, control your breath and believe in yourself. Don‟t panic and be optimistic. Try to reduce your stress and be happy. Don‟t (59)_____ at least an hour before the exams, just get yourself calmed down. Keep your focus on the paper and tell yourself that you are (60)_____ prepared. For exams reach before the time and try to (61)_____ in the surroundings.Don‟t listen to any of the exam rumours before exams. If you still can‟t control your exam stress then go for some meditation or hypnosis（冥想或催眠）.Yes, hypnosis, a real good and (62)_____ way to control your nerves and reduce your stress. It can be seen that a person‟s whole life changes completely only from few of the (63)_____ instructions. In hypnosis a person directly deals you‟re your subconscious mind instead of your conscious mind. The fact is your subconscious mind is a lot more (64)_____ and following than your conscious mind, so instructing correctly to your subconscious mind results terrific in reducing your nerves. Hypnosis reduces your fear of failure and (65)_____ a sense of confidence in you. It decreases your negativity and forces you to think positively about your exams. You also multiples your potential. You simply need to get your hands on the hypnosis for examination MP3. This is easily downloadable and you‟ll be well on your path to combating and overcoming the condition.51.A. interest B. panic C. faith D. concept52.A. motivating B. suffering C. shocking D. spreading53.A. participation B. motivation C. expansion D. tension54.A. mentally B. physically C. continuously D. exhaustingly55.A. previous B. patient C. personal D. current56.A. preparations B. lessons C. schedules D. techniques57.A. administration B. management C. limitation D. scale58.A. entertain B. contain C. maintain D. complain59.A. revise B. rush C. instruct D. discuss60.A. normally B. informally C. comparatively D. completely61.A. mix B. resolve C. adjust D. focus62.A. instructive B. significant C. effective D. romantic63.A. appropriate B. splendid C. original D. negative64.A. impatient B. obedient C. ordinary D. desirable65.A. enjoys B. shakes C. generates D. generalizesSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThere were so many nights when I, as a young boy, had to watch helplessly as my father verbally and physically abused my mother. I can still recall the smell of alcohol, see the fear in my mother‟s eyes, and feel the hopeless misery that comes when we see people we love hurting each other in incomprehensible ways.I would not wish that experience on anyone, especially not a child. If I settle down in those memories, I can feel myself wanting to hurt my father back, in the same ways he hurts my mother and in ways of which I was incapable as a small boy. I see my mother‟s face and I see this gentle human being whom I loved so very much and who did nothing to deserve the pain imposed uponher.When I recall this story, I realize how difficult the process of forgiving truly is. Intellectually, I know my father caused pain because he was in pain. Spiritually, I know my faith tells me my father deserves to be forgiven as God forgive us all. But it is still difficult. The sufferings we have witnessed or experienced live on in our memories. Even years later they can cause us fresh pain each time we recall them.Are you hurt and suffering? Is the injury new, or is it an old, unhealed wound? Know that what was done to you was wrong, unfair, and undeserved. You are right to be outraged. And it is perfectly normal to want to hurt back when you have been hurt. But hurting back rarely satisfies. We think it will, but it doesn‟t. If I slap you after you slap me, it does not lessen the sting I feel on my own face, nor does it weaken my sadness as to the fact you have struck me. Revenge gives, at best, only momentary relief from our emotional pain. The only way to experience healing and peace is to forgive. Until we can forgive, we remain locked in our pain and locked out of the possibility of experiencing healing and freedom; locked out of the possibility of being at peace.Without forgiveness, we remain tied to the person who harmed us. We are bound with chains of bitterness, trapped. Until we can forgive the person who harmed us, that person will hold the keys to our happiness; that person will be our jailer (监狱看守).When we forgive, we take back control of our own fate and our feelings. We become our own liberators. Forgiveness, in other words, is the best form of self-interest. This is true both spiritually and scientifically. We don‟t forgive to help the other person. We don‟t forgive for others. We forgive for ourselves.66.Why did the writer mention the story of his father‟s abuse of his mom?A. Because he loved his mom and wanted to fight back someday.B. Because his father finally realized his own mistake and was forgiven.C. Because witnessing his mom‟s suffering is still hurting him and has no way to relieve.D. Because he felt that he was spiritually relieved from the pain through forgiveness.67.The writer wrote the article in order to tell people that _____.A. we may never heal our pains or sufferings in the heart unless we learn to forgiveB. we should never to forget the sufferings buried in our heartsC. we may get tied to the person who harmed us all through lifeD. we shouldn‟t worry about the pains we caused, since forgiving is always easier than imagined68.What is the 4th paragraph mainly about?A. Hurting back does no good to relieving one‟s own hurts, but forgiving.B. If someone slaps you, you just slap back, which will lessen your pain.C. The sufferings we have witnessed or experienced will live on in our memories for ever.D. After being hurt, if one wants to experience healing and freedom, he should forget the hurt.69.Which of the following statements is the closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?A. In order to help others, we should stop forgiving and fight back.B. The purpose of our forgiving is not to help other people.C. Our forgiving is also useful to helping others, though they may have hurt us.D. Only by forgiving others can we help them to be good people.BWriting a book review is not like writing a fiction, where you have your freedom to express any type of literary mood. Here, you are limited within the scope, which is related only to the book or the literature and nothing else. To write a proper literary review, you should follow some important dos and don‟ts, which are discussed here.Top 3 dosSelect a literature of your choice and read it thoroughly. If required, you should read it multiple times, before you really frame up the literary review in your mind. While reading, try to assimilate the thoughts and philosophy of the author behind the book and also to analyze all the characters and events described in the literary piece. Start to pen down your literary analysis only when you have a complete understanding of the book, and not before that.Prepare your write-up based on your understanding of the book. Since you are reviewing the book, your opinion plays an important role here. If you prefer any particular character or any particular instance from the book, then expose that character or the situation in your review, to give it more importance. Also determine your preference with supporting logic. Ultimately it is your understanding of the book, and it can differ from others‟viewpoint. But you should stick to your opinion.Follow a proper format to construct your book review. It should have a proper introduction and a conclusion, other than the usual subject body. Distribute the subject body in chapters and paragraphs, to give a nice, structured look. Also, add a list of reference material at the end of the book. A structured material always carries a good impression and also, it helps the reader to go through the article at ease.Top 3 don’tsBook reviews are not exactly meant for writing a summary on the books. The objective of writing a book review is to arouse the curiosity in the mind of the readers. If someone mentions everything in the summary then the actual intention is lost.As mentioned earlier, one should not cross your limit to write a literary review. Do not bring up unnecessary topics to increase the length of the write-up, which is not at all related to the book. The readers want to learn about the book and not something irrelevant. Also, a smart and crisp writing helps to create a positive impression.You can go through reference books or articles on your subject, before you start preparing your article. But that should be completely with the intention of getting help in your understanding of the book. These reference items will help to strengthen your grip on the subject. But, you should never copy a single line of text from any other document or write-up. Plagiarism(剽窃), in any form, is a punishable offence by law. It will also destroy your reputation and close all the future avenues in thisfield.If you can follow the above dos and don‟ts religiously to write a book review, then it is going to be more original and interesting.70.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “assimilate”inparagraph 2?A. stimulateB. fertilizeC. digestD. enhance71.The purpose of writing a review on a book is _____.A. to show your understanding of the thoughts and philosophy of the author behind the bookB. to show that you really stick to your own opinion though you‟ve read the bookC. to arouse readers‟ curiosity to read more books on irrelevant topicsD. to spark readers‟ interests in finding the book and reading it72.Which of the following is NOT true about the “dos”?A. Before writing a book review, you‟d better read it thoroughly or many times.B. Write down your literary analysis when reading the book.C. If you are interested in certain situation in the book, you can hardly give it too muchimportance in your review.D. A good review consists of a proper introduction and a conclusion, as well as a nice-structuredsubject body.73.The following statements are “don’ts” when writing a summary except _____.A. going through reference books or articles on your subject, before you start preparing yourarticleB. presenting all the detailed description of the book in the summaryC. the thought or action of putting anything irrelevant to the book into the summaryD. any forms of copying the text from others‟ written workCThe orangutan (红毛猩猩), the most inactive of the great apes, hasunusually stable DNA, too. Researchers have just completed thesequencing (序列) of the entire genome (基因组) of our orange-hairedrelative, and they have found to their surprise that its DNA has changedmuch less dramatically over time than has that of humans orchimpanzees. “The orangutan is very unique,”says Devin Locke, astructural geneticist heading the orangutan sequencing project.The orangutan genome had one other big surprise. Locke andcolleagues sequenced six Sumatran and five Bornean orangutans, whichare classified as different species. The apes have been physically separated for at least 21,000 years—the last time land bridges between the two islands existed—andearlier studies estimated that they became distinct species more than 1 million years ago. But the new analysis, reported online today in Nature, rewrites history: it appears they parted ways just 400,000 years ago. “Most previous studies used small sets of markers and a limited amount of DNA sequence,” says Locke. “The statistical power is so much greater when you have the whole genome available.”The orangutan now joins chimpanzees and humans as the third great ape to have its genome sequenced. “The orangutan genome is a wonderful resource,”says evolutionary geneticist Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. “It will help clarify how each part of human and African ape genomes are related to each other and evolved.”Such insights are already coming in. Orangutans originated some 12 million to 16 million years ago, giving their genomes much more time to evolve than those of humans and chimpanzees, which split into their own lineages（血统）5 million to 6 million years ago. But a comparison of the three genomes shows that humans and chimpanzees lose or gain new genes at twice the rate of orangutans.The reason may have to do with stretches of DNA called retrotransposons. These key drivers of evolution jump around the genome, creating new genes, damaging existing ones, or altering gene regulation. The new data reveal that common retrotransposons known as Alu elements have moved around the orangutan genome much less than they have in the human and chimpanzee genomes. “I don‟t want to say that …Alu retrotransposition events‟ are shut off in orangutans, but they‟ve been covered up,” says Locke.The researchers also discovered that, over time, the structure of orangutan chromosomes（染色体）has changed little, which may be linked to the Alu element finding. Other researchers have suggested that the strong and healthy structural variation in humans and chimps may have stimulated increased intelligence. But Locke notes that orangutans are also highly intelligent. “If orangutans have had very little structural variation, maybe this decouples structural variation from intelligence,”he says.A separate but related study published today in Genome Research reports yet another unexpected finding from a comparison of the three great ape genomes. A team led by Mikkel H. Schierup and Thomas Mailund of Aarhus University in Denmark (both co-authors of the Nature report) discovered that some regions of the human genome more closely resemble the orangutan than the chimpanzee. This reflects the fact that at the time humans split off from a common ancestor with chimps, both species had the same ancestral orangutan DNA. But humans and chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of years. In the process, chimps for mysterious reasons lost some orangutan DNA that humans kept possession of.More surprises are sure to come as researchers compare the genomes of even more apes. Projects to sequence the other two great apes, gorillas and bonobos, are under way.74.Orangutans from two islands, Sumatran and Bornean, became different species since ______.A. at least 21,000 years agoB. over 1 million years agoC. some 12 million to 16 million years agoD. 400,000 years ago75.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?A. Compared with the DNA of orangutan, chimpanzee‟s is less changed over time.B. Only three apes‟ genomes have been sequenced up to now.C. Humans‟ ancestors stepped on their way of evolution 12 to 16 millions years ago.D. Chimpanzees gain new genes faster than orangutans do in evolution.76.The reason of orangutan‟s little change in DNA is that _____.A. this species is not as active in intelligence as humans or chimpanzees.B. the newly identified Alu elements is believed to have played a special roleC. Alu retrotranspositions in orangutan are shut off during the course of evolutionD. orangutan‟s low intelligence fails to stimulate the change of its DNA77.Some region of human genome is more similar to that of orangutan than chimp‟s because _____.A. human and orangutan share the same ancestor, but chimp doesn‟tB. humans and chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of yearsC. chimps failed to hang on to orangutan DNA for some unknown reason, but human didn‟tD. chimps didn‟t act as actively as humans, resulting in their losing some critical orangutanDNASection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.____________________________________________Technology means different things to different people. A physician might think of technology as a way to produce a new medicine. To a space engineer, it might mean making better rocket engines. Technology is so widespread that it is part of everyone‟s life. Originally, the word technology comes from the Greek word techne, which means “art”. You might think that art means only paintings or sculpture. But the Greeks believed an artist could make useful products from natural materials such as trees, rocks, and plants.What school subjects are related to technology?Though people‟s opinions vary on what groups of technology should be broken down to, you, when in school, may have the question: Why should you study technology? That question is easy to answer. Technology is fun, rewarding, and exciting. It is fun because you get to work with your hands. It is rewarding because you get to see the results of your work. Each day it brings new ideas and new challenges, which make technology exciting. Studying technology will also help you develop your problem-solving skills. You can learn to identify a problem and come up with a solution. You will also find that technology is related to other subjects that you study in school such as:MathematicsScienceSocial studies。
长宁区2015高三英语二模试卷答案
第I卷I. Listening Comprehension (30 分)1----5 BDCDB 6---10 BDCAC （1—10 每题1分）11-13 BCD 14--16 CAD （11—16 每题2分）（17—24 每题1分，任何一词拼错扣1分）17. fishing 18. coping （cope认可）19. background20. note-taking （没连字号扣半分）21. strong winds （the strong wind 认可）22. killer whales （没写出killer或没加复数扣半分）23. the return trip （没有the不扣分）24. （for）three /3 hours （加for不扣分）II. Grammar and Vocabulary （26分, 每题1分）25. Having gone / Going 26. what 27. as if /as though 28. built29. must 30. like 31. passed /had passed 32. which 33. exposed 34.less frequent 35. as /for/ because/since 36.an37. is preferred 38. but 39. installing 40. to group41--50 B D G K A I J E H FIII. Reading Comprehension （47分）（51—65 每题1分）51—65 BDCAB DABDA CADBC（66—81 每题2分）66---69 BCAB 70—72 DA B 73—77 BDACB78. Courage helps define the excellent person.79. Because they conquered their fears and jumped.Because they jumped in spite of / despite their fears80. by performing bravely and blindly.81. illustrate / show / prove that animals are also courageous.illustrate / show / prove that animals also have courage.Illustrate /show (that) some animals still proceed despite / in spite of / facing / faced with danger第II卷I. Translation （22分）1. People have become /been more and more dependent on the Internet.… are becoming…2. He has a great ambition to be / of being / of becoming an astronaut.3. Hardly had this kind of cell phone been put / been launched on the market when itattracted/drew/appealed to young people all over/across / throughout the world. 4. Was it in the newly opened restaurant that you witnessed / saw (that) the suspectcommitted the crime?…saw the suspect commit / committing the crime…5. She hesitated (whether)to take / have / receive the operation (or not), so she didn’t decide to take it/didn’t make up her mind（to take it）until her doctor assured her that this kind of operation had never failed/ had no case of the operation had ever failed.。
高三英语月考试题及答案-上海市闵行区2015届高三下学期质量调研考试(二模)
上海市闵行区2015届高三下学期质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1-11页）和第II卷（第12页），全卷共12页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 4:15. B. At 4:45. C. At 5:00. D. At 6:00.2. A. A painter. B. A mechanic. C. A porter. D. A carpenter.3. A. Using cameras creatively. B. Setting cameras to portrait mode.C. Painting pictures.D. Taking pictures of people.4. A. Talk to more soldiers. B. Organize the information.C. Collect more information.D. Add his experience to the book.5. A. Delighted. B. Surprised. C. Doubtful. D. Unconcerned.6. A. He is rather disappointed. B. He doesn’t care for a promotion.C. He can’t accept the result.D. He knows his own limitation.7. A. She wants to get some sleep. B. She needs time to write a paper.C. She has a physics class to attend.D. She is troubled by her sleep problem.8. A. Get more food and drinks. B. Invite more people.C. Tidy up the place.D. Prepare for a party.9. A. It’s interesting. B. It turned out to be easy.C. It’s hard to judge.D. It’s quite difficult.10. A. She must have paid a lot for the course.B. Her effort has brought about good results.C. She is unlikely to keep good figure.D. Her try is obviously a waste of money.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. By sounding a warning. B. By pressing the driving wheel.C. By checking the driving time.D. By touching the wrist band.12. A. Moves more regularly. B. Stops working properly.C. Opens the window for the driver.D. Sounds more frequently and loudly.13. A. A new device to reduce tiredness-related accidents.B. A new device to limit car speed.C. An invention to make driving more comfortable.D. A new regulation to punish dangerous driving.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Girls may give negative influence to boys.B. Girls always influence boys effectively.C. Boys are always as good as girls.D. Boys don’t perform well in certain schools.15. A. Boys should always study with fewer girls.B. Single-sex classes are available for maths.C. Mixed gender is preferred in science classes.D. Girls have better performance than boys.16. A. Boys are too shy to study with the opposite gender.B. Teachers like girls more than boys in English class.C. Boys prefer to interrupt the class more than girls.D. Teaching styles are more suitable for girls.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write no more than THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined airplane. At midnight, several hours after she had left Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter (高度表) failed and she didn’t know how high she (25) ______ (fly). At night, and in a storm, a pilot was in great difficulty without an altimeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea.Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames coming from the engine. With all the difficulties, Amelia Earhart wasn’t sure if she (26) ______ reach land. There was nothing to do but keep (27) ______ (go).In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland. It was with the great courage (28) ______ she made the safe landing. And for the courage she had shown, she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she (29) ______ (honor) by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous.What was so important about her flight? Amelia Earhart was the first woman (30) ______ (fly) the Atlantic Ocean alone, and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty-six minutes.In the years that followed, Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States, and on each occasion she set a new record for flying time and was (31) _____ (skillful) than herprevious flight. Amelia Earhart made these flights to show that women had a place in aviation (航空) and that air travel was useful. Her passion for flight lasted in her remaining life (32) ______ she mysteriously disappeared from public in the year 1937.(B)It has become acceptable for people to say that women work less than men and therefore deserve less! It may have been true in the past when women were expected to stay at home and look after children, but women have changed over the years. They have “come out”! Gone (33) ______ (be) the days when they toiled (辛苦) the kitchen stove all day long; they are now aware of their needs and are willing to fight for them. They expect to be given the respect they deserve, both at home and at work. They have realized (34) ______ intellectual potential and have determined to do something about it!Women on two wheels have become (35) ______ familiar sight on the roads of most Asian countries during the past few years. It is common to find a woman (36) ______ (take) her children on her bicycle to school and then reaching her office in time.“Super woman”(37) ______ she is, it is rather difficult to combine a career and a decent home life. She needs to feel (38) ______ (support). She may arrive at work feeling as if she has already done a full day’s job. (39) ______ colleagues doubt her passion to her job, she will feel sad. At the same time, women of today expect their partners to contribute towards childcare and household chores.Today’s women are learning to avoid situations that make them feel more stressed and it is a hard struggle. (40) ______ ______ ______all this, the new woman, “the superpower” has arrived. She still believes in the power and value of a family unit and she holds it in high esteem (尊重). Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Public image doesn’t make money directly, nor is it anything visible. However, excellent public image is such an important thing that it is 41 desired by every company, enterprise, institution, etc. Public image refers to how a company is 42 by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders (股东), by the financial community, by the communities where it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable to 43extent, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are.A firm’s public image plays a vital role in the 44 of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders as stockholders, suppliers, creditors (贷款方), government officials, as well as different special groups. With some things it is impossible to 45 all the different publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the 46 of creditors and stockholders. However, it will 47 find resistance from employees who see their jobs threatened. On the other hand, high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval, while low quality products and false claims would be widely looked down upon.A firm’s public image, if it is good, should be 48 . It is a valuable strength that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. If a firm has49 a quality image, this is not easily imitated by competitors. Such an image may enable a firm to charge higher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most favorable creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm’s stock to 50 higher price-earnings ratio (比例) than other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Just as the stock market rises and falls in response to what people are willing to put their money behind, we have inside ourselves an inner economy that rises and falls in response to our beliefs about what is possible. Sometimes the degree to which we are willing to 51our belief systems determines the success of our inner economy. For example, imagine that yourfamily of origin had a belief that musical talent was not something they 52 . As a member of that group, you would likely 53 that same belief about yourself. As a result, even if you had a great desire to create music, you might be 54 to really get behind yourself. Because you might fear that your 55 would not pay off. Even if you had the courage to follow your passion, your inner belief that you are not 56 would probably stop your trying. And that would be a major 57 to invest your energy in your dream.On the other hand, belief isn’t anything 58 . If you found a way to 59 that negative belief, a great flood of energy would pour forth, greatly increasing the possibility of your success. How much energy we are willing to invest in the various ideas and dreams is like the money people are, or are not, willing to invest in the various products available for trade on the stock market. And in both cases, 60 plays a key role in determining how willing we are to get behind something. One way to open up the possibility for greater success in our inner economies is to understand that belief is not the reliable 61 we sometimes think. There are other more reliable things of success that we can put our 62 in, such as passion, feeling, and sense. Some of the most successful investors in the stock market are the ones that go against the grain, trusting their sense over the 63 opinion held by ordinary people about what will work.In the same way, we can learn to trust our heart’s desires and our sense to guide us,64 any beliefs that stand in the way of our ability to fully invest in ourselves. As we take out energy from limiting ideas about what is possible, we 65 the resources that have the power to make our inner economy prosper.51. A. simplify B. challenge C. eliminate D. maintain52. A. possessed B. trusted C. objected D. missed53. A. reject B. preserve C. deny D. share54. A. willing B. sorry C. reluctant D. ready55 A. success B. knowledge C. profession D. investment56. A. devoted B. talented C. concerned D. interested57. A. obstacle B. excuse C. chance D. principle58. A. important B. fixed C. changeable D. stimulating59. A. enhance B. reserve C. release D. follow60. A. energy B. hobby C. expense D. belief61. A. guide B. ability C. goal D. policy62. A. aim B. faith C. task D. dream63. A. unacceptable B. strange C. unbelievable D. common64. A. questioning B. understanding C. interpreting D. believing65. A. stick to B. lead to C. free up D. leave outSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The vast jungles of the Amazon rainforest are home to tribes (部落) mostly isolated from the outside world, whose way of life, largely unchanged for hundreds of years, is now increasingly threatened by modern civilization.Now, scientists discover they can monitor these “uncontacted tribes” using satellites, which would allow inexpensive and safe tracking of these tribes in order to protect them from outside threats.In order to help preserve these uncontacted Indians, researchers need accurate estimates of their populations. One way to collect this data involves flying over their villages, but such over-flights are both expensive and could fill these native peoples with fear. Another strategy involves meeting individuals on the ground, but among other risks, scientists could accidentally spread disease to members of the tribes.Instead, scientists investigated whether satellite images could monitor uncontacted tribes. The result was inspiring. They confirmed their locations and measured the sizes of their village, houses and gardens. “We can find isolated villages with remote sensing and study them over time.” Walker told Live Science. “We can ask: Are they growing? Do they move?”Surprisingly, based on the sizes of the houses and villages, the scientists find the population densities of these isolated villages are about 10 times greater, on average, than other villages of native Brazilian peoples. This may be due to the fact that they have to live closer together becausethey are not as good at clearing the forest, since they lack modern devices like chainsaws and tractors, the researchers said. The tribes may also be afraid of spreading out due to fear of being attacked by outsiders, Walker said.The researchers now plan to focus on 29 more isolated villages to “look at their ecology—that is, distance from rivers and roads—and use this to model where else we can find more isolated villages,” Walker said.66. Scientists don’t want to meet the Indians on the ground due to the fear that ______.A. they can’t get accurate dataB. they could pass disease to the IndiansC. they will be attacked by the IndiansD. they will catch disease from the Indians67. According to the passage, which of the following about the Indian tribes is NOT true?A. They lack modern tools to cut forests.B. Their life styles remain unchanged.C. They live closer together for defense.D. They are contacting the outside world.68. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. More isolated tribes are yet to be discovered.B. Scientists are able to find 29 Amazon tribes in total.C. It’s easy for scientists to find isolated villages.D. More roads should be built for the tribes.69. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. The Disappearing of the Ancient Amazon Tribes.B. Discovery of Indian Tribes in Remote Mountains.C. The Threatening of Modern Civilization to Tribes.D. Research of Isolated Tribes with Modern Devices.(B)The Zebra Finch: An Owner’s Guide to a Happy Healthy Pet The zebra finch, a native of Australia, is a popular domestic pet in the United States. The bird has many attributes (特性) which allow it to be kept at home, though there are also a few negative aspects. The attributes are nest-building, breeding and a lively attitude. The potential negatives are over-breeding and the wildness of the birds.One of the main attributes of zebra finches is their ability to breed. They are the rabbits of the domestic bird world. Once you have two birds, male and female, you will soon have six, as they breed quite easily and have strong babies, usually four at a time. An added attribute is their ability to build their own nests. You can place branch in their place along with some kind of structure, and they will create a nest on their own. It’s very pleasant to see the ways males and females divide some labors and share others, and the babies grow up quickly. Overall, zebra finches are energetic birds, and they can make every place where they live delightful lives.On the negative side, they will breed and in-breed. Often, in-breeding does little harm and does not cause genetic defects (缺陷), as happens more often in other species. However, no one can tolerate just any population level. One has to either remove their nests altogether, which basically removes their personal living place, or check for eggs regularly once a week (the gestation period is 13 days, so even a one-week neglect can lead to births). Eggs can be replaced with false plastic eggs, and this prevents females from laying too many. If they do lay too many, they will die from mineral loss. Since these birds do not tame well, removing eggs can be an unpleasant process of repeatedly invading their personal space.Overall, it is unfortunate that zebra finches are inexpensive birds due to their high level of breeding. They require considerable care to live happy lives. The best care-takers are true avian fanciers —people who have appropriate space for the nests and enough time to allow them to nest-build and breed without over-breeding.70. What is the passage mainly about?A. Zebra finches over-breed by nature and its consequent ill effects.B. Only people who love birds can take care of Zebra finches.C. Domestic zebra finches require a lot of care to live happy lives.D. Zebra finches never become completely tame.71. By saying “They are the rabbits of the domestic bird world”, the writer means that bothrabbits and Zebra finches ______.A. have good ability to breedB. are difficult to be raisedC. live delightful livesD. share responsibilities72. In paragraph 3, the word “gestation” probably means ______.A. the period when eggs remain freshB. the time when finches build up their nest and lay eggsC. the time required for the parents to create a nestD. the time required for baby birds to develop and to be born73. According to the passage, attributes of domestic zebra finches include ______.A. their rareness and easiness to be tamedB. their nest-building, sharing of responsibilities and delightful personalitiesC. their in-breeding, which does not cause as much genetic harm as in other speciesD. the fact that they are from Australia and have difficulty in adapting themselves(C)“Does my smile look big in this?” Future fitting-room mirrors in clothing stores could subtly adjust your reflection to make you look ─ and hence feel ─ happier, encouraging you to like what you see.That’s the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleagues at the University of Tokyo in Japan. The system can manipulate, or in other word, control your emotions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face.The principle that physiological changes can drive emotional ones ─ that laughter comes before happiness, rather than the other way around ─ is a well-established idea.The researchers wanted to see if this idea could be used to build a computer system that manipulates how you feel. The system works by presenting the user with a web-camera image of his or her face ─as if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and changing the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown (皱眉).Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited (招募) 21 volunteers and asked them to sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task. When the task was complete the participants rated how they felt. When the faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier. On the other hand, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy.Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers’ emotional state would influence their preferences. Each person was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image. The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smiling were less likely. The system could be used to manipulate consumers’impressions of products, say the researchers. For example, mirrors in clothing-store fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections. They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on.“It’s certainly an interesting area,” says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK. But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions. “Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring that the reflected image looks believable would be much more challenging,” he says.Of course, there are also important moral questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technology. “You could argue that if it makes people happy what harm is it doing?” says Creed. “But I can imagine that many people may feel manipulated, uncomfortable and cheated if they found out.”74. What’s the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System?A. To see whether one’s feeling can be unconsciously affected.B. To see whether one’s facial expressions can be altered.C. To see whether laughter comes before happiness.D. To replace the mirrors in future clothing-store fitting rooms.75. What can we learn about the web-camera image in the study?A. It recorded the volunteers’ performance in the task.B. It gave the volunteers a false image.C. It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier.D. It beautified the volunteers’ appearance in the mirror.76. What does Creed mention as a limitation of the technology?A. It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes.B. It only works in clothing stores.C. It only makes subtle changes to people’s expressions.D. It only deals with a limited number of facial expressions.77. What does Creed’s comment on the moral issues with this technology imply?A. Nothing is more important than happiness.B. Technology is unable to manipulate people.C. People should make their decisions independently.D. People should neglect the harm of the technology.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.When e-mail first came into general use about twenty years ago, there was a lot of talk about the arrival of the paperless office. However, it seems that e-mail has yet to revolutionize office communication. According to communications analyst Richard Metcalf, some offices have actually seen an increase in paper as a result of e-mail. “Information in the form of e-mail messages now floods our computer screens. These messages can be sent so quickly that memos tend to be distributed in the hundreds. For those secretaries whose bosses ask them to print out alltheir e-mails and leave them in their in-trays, this means using up a great deal of paper every month,” Metcalf says.Metcalf has found that because some e-mails get lost in cyberspace, important documents are increasingly likely to be asked by clients and colleagues to send all important documents both by e-mail and by fax. This highlights a further potential problem with e-mail in today’s offices ─ it is taking up time rather than saving it. “With e-mail, communication is much easier, but there is also more room for misunderstandings,” says psychologist Dr David Lewis. Generally, much less care is taken with e-mails than with letters or faxes and the sender will probably print the document and reread it before putting it in an envelope or sending it by fax.More worrying is still the increasing misuse of e-mail for sending “flame-mail”─inappropriate e-mail messages. Recent research in several companies suggests that aggressive communications like this are on the increase. E-mail has become the perfect medium for conveying workplace dissatisfaction because it is so instant.E-mail can also be a problem in other ways. Staffs all too often make the mistake of thinking that the contents of the e-mail, like things said over the phone, are private and not permanent. But it is not only possible for an employer to read all your e-mails, it is also perfectly legal. E-mail messages can be traced back to their origin for a period of at least two years, so you might want to rethink e-mailing your dissatisfaction about your boss to your friends. The advice is to keep personal e-mails out of the office.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)78. The promise of paperless office has not come true in many offices mainly because manysecretaries are asked to _____________.79. Why has e-mailing taken up time rather than saved it?80. There is an increasing concern that e-mails are misused by some employees to express_____________.81. It is advised that employees should not use company e-mails as a way of ___________.第II 卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.82. 昨晚我很累，没做完作业就睡了。
上海市各区2014-2015年高三英语二模试卷分类汇编----语法填空-老师版(已经校对)
One【20152虹口区】(A)How I Turned to Be Optimistic(乐观的)I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt's House, and my mother said that we (25) (leave) for America soon. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to (26) I listened every morning.I do not remember myself (27) (cry) for this reason again. In fact I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but (28) idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even (29) (complex) for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each orher. However, my responsibilities in the family increased a lot since my English vas superior (30) anyone else's at home. I translated at interviews with immigration officers,and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives. From my experiences, I believe that my life will turn out all right (31) it is not that easy.(B)How Room Designs Affect Our Work and FeelingArchitects have long had the feeling that the place we live in can affect our thoughts, feeling and behaviours. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(实证的)basis. They are discovering how(32) (design) spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation.Researches show aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2012, Joan Meyers-Levy reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects (33) people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, (34) (lead) them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. Besides ceiling height, the view (35) (afford) by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate.Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and (36) seems to, according t o a study. Students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students (37) classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim light helps people loosen up. (38) that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation.So far public buildings (39) (focus) on by scientists. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we are almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管),” architect David says.“How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad use of them? That is (40) we are all struggling with.”Keys:25. would leave/be leaving/were leaving 26. which 27.crying 28. the29. more complex 30. to 31. even though/if32. to design 33. How 34. leading 35. afforded 36. it 37. whose 38. if 39.have been focused 40. whatTwo【20152黄浦区】(A)Positive thinking can help you win.Some athletes can reach great goals such as the achievement of an Olympic gold medal. Others never live up to their promise. What kind of preparation before (25)_______ race or other event makes the difference?Everyone knows that athletes spare no effort (26)_______ (strengthen) their bodies. But researches show that strengthening the mind may be just as important. Careful study indicates that the best athletes win partly (27)_______ they think they can win.Thinking positive thoughts seems to give the possibility for success in sports. People who say to themselves over and over “I know I (28)_______ do this. ” often find they have the advantage to win. On the other hand, people often fail who think “I can’t win.”One procedure (29)_______ helps many athletes is creating pictures in the mind. They are told to think of each move they must do. Some use more fanciful pictures. One skater liked to imagine a star bursting inside her, (30)_______(fill) her with energy. Another athlete who wanted to feel calm pictured himself as a bird floating in the air.Next time you want to make progress, try training your mind to help you. Perhaps a teacher or other instructor can help you plan your training. If you imagine yourself doing (31)_______ (well), you may soon see improvement in (32)_______ you really can do. Positive thinking and pictures created in your mind can help you win!(B)Two British coloniesAustralia, the last continent, was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the 17th century. These nations were less interested in changing it into a colony than exploring it. As in the early history of the United States, it was theEnglish (33)_______ set up the settlements in America. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some (34)_______ things in common.Australia and the United States are about equal in size, and neither of their western lands are rich in soil. It was along the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this Westward Movement took place more because the English (35)_______ (search) for better land than because the population was increasing. Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold (36)_______ (discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later.Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some striking differences as wel l. The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without (37)______ (go) to war. Australia, firstly (38)_______ (turn) into a colony by English prisoners, was unlike the United States, and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people, or almost half as many sheep as there are people now in the United States. Yet, (39)_______ _______ _______ these and other main differences, Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one (40)_______ (have) with the rest of the world.Keys:25. a 26. to strengthen 27.because 28. can 29. which/that 30. filling 31. better 32. what33. who/that 34. other 35. were searching 36. was discovered 37. going 38. turned 39. in spite of 40. hasThree【20152闵行区】(A)The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined airplane. At midnight, several hours after she had left Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter (高度表) failed and she didn’t know how high she (25) ______ (fly). At night, and in a storm, a pilot was in great difficulty without an altimeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea.Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames coming from the engine. With all the difficulties, Amelia Earhart wasn’t sure if she (26) ______ reach land. There was nothing to do but keep (27) ______ (go).In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland. It was with the great courage (28) ______ she made the safe landing. And for the courage she had shown, she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she (29) ______ (honor) by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous.What was so important about her flight? Amelia Earhart was the first woman(30) ______ (fly) the Atlantic Ocean alone, and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty-six minutes.In the years that followed, Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States, and on each occasion she set a new record for flying time and was (31) _____ (skillful) than her previous flight. Amelia Earhart made these flights to show that women had a place in aviation (航空) and that air travel was useful. Her passion for flight lasted in her remaining life (32) ______ she mysteriously disappeared from public in the year 1937.(B)It has become acceptable for people to say that women work less than men and therefore deserve less! It may have been true in the past when women were expectedto stay at home and look after children, but women have changed over the years. They have “come out”! Gone (33) ______ (be) the days when th ey toiled (辛苦) the kitchen stove all day long; they are now aware of their needs and are willing to fight for them. They expect to be given the respect they deserve, both at home and at work. They have realized (34) ______ intellectual potential and have determined to do something about it!Women on two wheels have become (35) ______ familiar sight on the roads of most Asian countries during the past few years. It is common to find a woman (36) ______ (take) her children on her bicycle to school and then reaching her office in time.“Super woman” (37) ______ she is, it is rather difficult to combine a career and a decent home life. She needs to feel (38) ______ (support). She may arrive at work feeling as if she has already done a full day’s job. (39) ______ colleagues doubt her passion to her job, she will feel sad. At the same time, women of today expect their partners to contribute towards childcare and household chores.Today’s women are learning to avoid situations that make them feel more stressed and it is a hard struggle. (40) ______ ______ ______all this, the new woman, “the superpower” has arrived. She still believes in the power and value of a family unit and she holds it in high esteem (尊重).Keys25. was flying 26. could 27. going 28. that29. was honored 30. to fly 31. more skillful 32. until33. are 34. their 35. a 36. taking37. as /though 38. supported 39. If 40. In spite ofFour【20152普陀区】(A)Good ideas often start with really silly questions. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles(华夫饼干) for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber (25)___ his waffle iron. Later, he tried it and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies, he was laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather discouraged, Bowerman persevered and went on (26) (form) his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes.Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration. When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he needed to have some paperwork (27)____(deliver) across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that overnight delivery was impossible. He sat for a long while (28)____ (wonder) why. Why couldn’t there be a reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his design into (29)____ class project. His business professor gave him only a C for his efforts. However, Smith was not through. He improved the ideas in that class project and eventually turned (30)____ into one of the first and (31)____ (successful) overnight mail services in the world—FedEx.We know today, of course, that each of these ideas led to an incredibly successful product or service (32)____ has changed the way many of us live. The best questions are usually open-ended and are often silly. Children aren’t afraid to ask such questions, but adults frequently are. Think how different the world might be (33)____ people never asked “silly” question!(B)A lot of people in the world today are used to working, going on holiday, and having money—but many of them aren’t happy. Yet other people seem to be really happy, (34) they are poor, or have no job, or are surrounded by problems. Why?Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, from the University of Chicago, has interviewed thousands of people who have a happy life to f ind out how they do it. “I (35)____ (study) happiness for over 30 years,” says Csikszentmihalyi. “My interest in the subject came from my own experience as a child during World War II, when I saw many adults destroyed by the terrible events. But there were always a few who kept their courage, helped others, and were able to give a sense of purpose and meaning to their lives. I wanted to find out how a person (36)____ build a fulfilling and enjoyable life.”In general, his research showed that people were unhappy doing nothing. The professor stresses that happy people d on’t waste time, either at work or when they’re free. “Many people feel the time that they spend at work or at school wasted. But often their free time (37)____ (waste) as well. Many people are used to doing passive things—watching television, for example—without (38)____ (use) any skills. As a result, life goes past in a series of boring experiences.”But it doesn’t have to be this way. Th e professor has found that people are happy when they get into (39)____ he calls “flow”. When people get very involv ed in a task that they have chosen, and which is well-defined and challenging, they experience “flow”, a situation (40)____ they don’t notice time passing.People who are not used to happiness can learn how to be happy, says the professor, if they constant ly get into “flow” states. Is happiness as easy as that? Perhaps it is.Keys:25. into 26. to form 27. delivered 28. wondering 29. a 30. them31. most successful 32. that/ which 33. if34. even though 35. have been studying/ have studied 36. could 37. is wasted 38. using 39. what/ something 40. whereFive【20152徐汇区】(A)As you get older, it feels like time tends to move faster. As Dan Ariely explains over at The Wall Street Journal, we tend to fall into familiar routines (25) we age and that makes time move quickly.We perceive time as something like a stack of memories, so the less new experiences you have, the (26) (likely) you are to fill in those memories with interesting things.Time does go by (or, more accurately, it feels as if time is going by) more quickly, the older we get.In the first few years of our lives, anything we sense or do is brand new, and many of our experiences are unique, so they remain firmly in our memories. But as (27) years go by, we encounter fewer and fewer new experiences—both because we (28) (accomplish) a lot and because we are slaves to our daily routines.For example, try to remember (29) happened to you every day last week，chances are that nothing extraordinary happened, so you will be hard-pressed to recall the specific things you did on Monday, Tuesday, etc.What can we do about this? Maybe we need some new app that will en courage us to try out new experiences, point out things we’ve never done, recommend dis hes we’ve never tasted and suggest places we’ve never been. Such an app (30) make our lives more varied, encourage us to try new things, slow down the passage of time and increase our happiness.(31) such an app arrives, try to do at least one new thing every week. It’s not too difficult to push (32) to do new things.(B)This afternoon, I spoke with Governor Malloy and FBI Director Mueller. I offered Governor Malloy my condolences（吊唁，慰问）on behalf of the nation, andmade it clear that he will have every single resource that he needs (33) (investigate) this heinous（令人发指的）crime, care for the victims, comfort their families.We (34) ______ (endure) too many of these tragedies in the past few years. And each time I learn the news I react not as a President, but as anybody else would — as a parent. And that was especially true today. I know there’s not a parent in America who doesn’t feel the same overwhelming grief that I do.The majority of those (35) died today were children —beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. They had their entire lives ahead of them — birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own. Among the (36) (fall) were also teachers — men and women who devoted their lives to (37) (help) our children fulfill their dreams.So our hearts are broken today — for the parents and grandparents, sisters and brothers of these little children, and for the families of the adults who (38) (lose). Our hearts are broken for the parents of the survivors as well, for as blessed as they are to have their children home tonight, they know that their children’s innocence has been torn away from them too early, and there are no words that will ease their pain.As a country, we have been through this too many times. (39) it’s an elementary school in Newtown, or a shopping mall in Oregon, or a temple in Wisconsin, or a movie theater in Aurora, or a street corner in Chicago —these neighborhoods are our neighbo rhoods, and these children are our children. And we’re going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies (40) this, regardless of the politics.Keys:25 as/when 26.less likely 27.the 28.have accomplished 29.what 30.could/can until/if 32.yourself/yourselves/ourselves33. to investigate 34.have endured 35.who 36.fallen 37.helping38. were lost 39.whether 40.likeSix【20152闸北区】(A)Being skinny is not beautiful but being healthy is. Most young people, unfortunately, (25)______(convince) that being thin, and therefore being stylish is a major way of maintaining self-worth. To make the matter worse, they might take this so far that they are likely to end up (26)______ eating disorders.Eating disorders are psychological illnesses defined by abnormal eating habits, (27)______ may involve either insufficient or too much food intake to the damage of an individual's physical and mental health. Bulimia nervosa(暴食症) and anorexia nervosa（食欲匮乏）are the (28)______(common) forms of eating disorders.(29)______ diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are well under a healthy bodyweight. But patients with bulimia nervosa may have a body weight that falls within the range from normal to overweight. (30)_____ primarily thought of as affecting females, eating disorders influence males as well.The precise cause of eating disorders is not entirely understood, but (31)______ is agreed that the disease is linked to other medical conditions and situations. Besides, cultural idealization of thinness and youthfulness also contributes to (32)______(reduce) weight forcefully. The problem has affected a large population worldwide.(B)A new report said middle class workers could still be working (33)______ ______ they are at the age of 70, to help out their grown up children.Middle class workers (34)______(age) 50 and above are being forced to delay their retirement, with many blaming their children, a report revealed yesterday.To many middle class workers, (35)______ bothered them from work couldn't compare with the possibility that they might postpone their retirement date by aroundfive years.It is not just the rising cost of living that is causing the delay. Many pointed to the fact that they are constantly having to provide for their grown-up children at an age (36)______ they assumed they should be financially independent.Actually, one in five middle class workers (37)______ keep working in order to support their children. Many workers struggled all along to the retirement date, only (38)______(realize) that they had to switch to a part-time working pattern, also called semi-retirement. Rarely (39)______ people hear of the concept of semi-retirement in the past but now semi-retirement has become the routine among wealthier people in their 50s and 60s, regarded as (40)______ sign of the country’s on-going worsening economy.Keys:25. are convinced 26. with 27. which 28. most common/commonest 29. Those 30. though 31.it 32. reducing33. even if/even though 34. aged 35 whatever 36. when 37. must 38. to realize 39. did 40. aSeven【20152长宁区】(A)We had to climb right up the hill , which is very steep, and ,when close under it , it seemed to be high, but we soon reached the top . When we were there, we had lost sight of the lake; and now our road was over a wild land.____25_____(go) a little way, we saw before us , at the distance of about half a mile, a very large stone building, with a high wall round it , neither field nor tree near.The wild land was overgrown with grey grass that cattle might feed upon. We could not tell ___26_____ this building was. It appeared ___27____ _______ it had been built strong to defend from storms; but for what purpose? William called out to us that we should observe that place well, for it was exactly like one of the shelters of the Alps(阿尔卑斯山), ___28____(build) for the reception of travelers, and indeed I had thought it ____29_____ be so. This building, from its singular structure and appearance, made the place , which is itself in a country ____30_____ Scotland, remarkable.When we ___31____(pass) it and looked back, three pyramidal mountains on the opposite side of Lock Lomond ended the view, ____32_____ in certain kind of weather might be very grand. Our highland companion had not got enough English to give us any information concerning this srange building . What we could only get from her was that it was a "large house", which was plain enough.(B)All plants need water to grow. Watering plants seems like a simple task but it actually requires many considerations. For example , plants growing in areas with low rainfall or areas ____33___(expose) to dry wind require more water. On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require ___34_____(frequent) watering . The watering ofplants should not be viewed as a minor process in gardening ___35______ this task plays an extremely important role in ensuring healthy plant growth.Let's first take a closer look at plants growing in gardens. Since watering is a critical gardening task, ____36___ accessible water supply is vital. A garden tap with a hose of sufficient length to reach the furthest part of the garden ____37_____(prefer). This tends to make watering much easier and ensures adequate water is provided for the plants. Most inexperienced gardeners water little ____38____very frequently. This is undesirable as it encourages shallow root growth. In addition, watering in full sun causes leaves to lose water quickly from the surface of the soil. Therefore, some experts recommend ____39______(install) an automatic watering system.As for plants growing in pots or containers, they tend to lose water rapidly. One way to reduce such a risk is ____40_____(group) the plants close together to keep moisture. Try to move them to a shady place if you are away from home for a few days. Otherwise, you will return home to see your plants dead.Keys:25. Having gone / Going 26. what 27. as if /as though 28. built29. must 30. like 31. passed /had passed 32. which33. exposed 34. less frequent 35. as /for/ because/since 36.an37. is preferred 38. but 39. installing 40. to groupEight【20152崇明县】(A)After 30 years (25)_____ a pilot, Captain Peter Elliott got to fly holiday-makers on a Thomas Cook flight from Birmingham, UK, to Tenerife, Spain with his daughter.Senior First Officer Laura Elliott (26)_____(fly) for six years but has never before got to work with her father. “It’s my dream to be able to fly with my Dad,” she said.It had seemed unlikely that the pair would ever co-pilot (27)_____ same aircraft because Miss Elliott learned to fly on Airbus planes when she joined the company in 2009, and her father flew Boeings. However, after Peter Elliott, 59, retrained to fly Airbuses, their dream of flying together came true.Miss Elliott, 30, became interested in flying when (28)_____(inspire) by her father with a trial flight as her birthday present. Miss Elliott said: “Becoming a pilot was never something I had considered. It was only when my Dad bought me a trial flight for my 18th birthday (29)_____ I considered following in my Dad’s footsteps.”The pair finally sat in the cockpit (驾驶员座舱) together and Mr Elliott made an announcement to passengers (30)_____ the flight made it a special day for him as he was flying with his daughter.Miss Elliott recalled the flight, (31)_____(say), “I w as initially nervous and he kept asking (32)_____ I was nervous or not. It was like going for a driving lesson with him. Thankfully, everything went smoothly and the passengers loved it. If it ever happens again, I will definitely be a lot (33)_____(relaxe d).”(B)Has the world just witnessed its first ever robot suicide? Boring housework was seemingly too much for one cleaning robot to take, when it apparently rebelled and decided to end it all.The robot was given the tiresome task of cleaning up some spilt grain before it climbed on to a kitchen hotplate (34)_____ it destroyed itself, according to reports in Austria. It had reportedly grown tired of (35)_____(force) to clean the house every day and decided to become a martyr(殉道者) to the robot cause.“Som ehow it seems (36)_____(restart) itself again before it made its way along the work surface. Then it pushed a cooking pot out of the way and basically that was the end of it,” explained fireman Helmut Kniewasser, who (37)_____(call) to deal with the fire a t Hinterstoder in Kirchdorf. “It pretty quickly started to melt underneath and then stuck to the kitchen hotplate. It then caught fire. (38)_____ _____ _____ we arrived, it had become just a pile of ash.” He added: “The entire building (39)_____ _____be evacuated (疏散) and there was severe smoke damage particularly in the flat in which the robot had been in use. “It’s a mystery how it came to be started and ended up making its way to the hotplate.” (40)_____ took an hour to clean and make the building safe. The homeowner plans to charge the robot’s manufacturer.Keys:25. as 26. has been flying/has flown 27. the 28. inspired 29. that30. that 31. saying 32. whether 33. more relaxed34.where 35. being forced 36. to have restarted 37. was called/ had been called 38. By the time 39. had to 40. ItNine【20152浦东新区】(A)What should you take in with you when you take an exam? Pen, pencil, eraser, ruler... and don’t forget a bottle of water!According to a study held in London, students ___25___ (bring) water into exams may improve their grades by up to 10%. Scientists in UK did the study on 448 students. The students were studying for a different degree at the University of East London. Only 25% of them entered the exam hall with water. Scientists then compared their exam results with their normal schoolwork grades. They found that all those who ___26___ (bring) water with them got better grades by 2% to 10%. Scientists also predicted the students’ scores according to their normal schoolwor k. They wrote down their possible scores on paper ___27___ the students took exams.It is unclear ___28___ drinking water improves exam results. But scientists say having enough water in our bodies and not feeling thirsty could have a helpful effect on our brains. Drinking water may also reduce anxiety, ___29___ has a bad effect on exam performances.“___30___” the explanation is, it is clear that students ___31___ try hard to stay hydrated (含水的）with water during exam,” one of the scientists said. So next t ime, when you are doing to have a big exam, try ___32___ (furnish) yourself with a bottle of water. It may help you pass the exam!(B)Without any previous notice, a documentary dominated headlines and social websites over the weekend.Under the Dome, a 103-minute documentary ___33___ (self-fund) by former news anchor Chai Jing, ___34___ (release) in China on Feb 28. It has rapidly pushed the public awareness about air pollution and encouraged people to join in ___35___。
2015上海高三英语二模翻译汇总整理 附答案
【宝山】82．在美国和加拿大，用餐后不付小费是很失礼的事。
（tip）83. 据报道，政府已经下定决心要解决环境污染问题。
（determine）84. 令他惊讶的是，他的春考成绩比他期望的要好的多。
(expect)85. 汉语是世界上最难的语言之一，学习这种语言的人就会很快发现自己遇到了挑战。
(challenge)86. 直到真要出国了，这个年轻人才意识到自立的重要性。
(Not)【崇明】1. 我们学习英语不是为了参加考试，而是为了掌握一种交际工具。
(tool)2. 我们应怀感恩之心善待那些爱我们并关心我们的人。
(grateful)3. 只要你懂得如何反思自己的过错，就能从中吸取教训。
(reflect)4. 尽管家境贫寒，但那个男孩志存高远并梦想着有朝一日能获诺贝尔奖。
(Despite)5. 那个刚被批评的女孩哭着跑了出去，根本不知道这样其实让她的父母更伤心。
(Out)【奉贤】1、我们渴望一个没有污染的星球。
( free )2、微风吹拂着她的头发，那小女孩注视着彩蝶在花海中飞舞。
（With… ）3、这部最近出品的电影旨在唤起人们对贫困山区儿童的关注。
（mean ）4、他向朋友保证在任何情况下他都不会违背做一个诚实守信人的承诺。
（under no circumstances ）5、正是高三的学习经历使我们相信无论过程多么艰难，我们的努力终将会得到回报。
（convince, pay off ）【虹口】TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the brackets.82、据我所知，他们学校的面积是我们的两倍。
（size.）83、如果你忘记通知他面试时间了该怎么办。
（what if）84、在现代社会中，手机不仅是通讯工具，也是一种娱乐工具。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
上海市2015高三英语二模试卷Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition __51_____ may contain 350 pages of advertisements. Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to __52_____. Then there is television. The vast majority of television ads today consist of brief advertising spots, __53_____ in length from a few seconds to several minutes. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit through three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been ___54____ 360,000 TV ads. Television advertises in airports, hospital waiting rooms, and schools. Major sporting events are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high speed ___55____. Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisements. Onetop-ranking basketball player earned $3.9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that much to ___56____ their products.There is no escape. Commercial ads are __57_____ on walls, buses, and trucks. They___58____ the inside of taxis and subways --even the doors of public toilets. __59_____ messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevators --and __60____ we are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to ___61____ the junk mail.___62____ Insiders’ Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency, the estimated amount of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have soared to $411.6 billion for 1997 and $434.4 billion for 1998. Big money.What is the __63____ of all of this? One analyst put it this way: “Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell __64____ than products. They sell images, values, goals, __65_____ of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our behavior.”51. A. lonely B. alone C. singly D. individually52. A. commerce B. consumers C. commercials D. contracts53. A. ranging B. varying C. changing D. adjusting54. A. taken to B. spent in C. expected of D. exposed to55. A. flashes B. billboards C. attractions D. messages56. A. improve B. promote C. urge D. update57. A. symbolized B. illustrated C. demonstrated D. displayed58. A. modify B. decorate C. polish D. fix59. A. Audio B. Studio C. Oral D. Video60. A. since B. while C. unless D. if61. A. throw away B. lay down C. blow out D. break down62. A. Except for B. Apart from C. According to D. Including in63. A. effect B. affect C. result D. purpose64. A. less B. same C. similar D. more65. A. outlooks B. opinions C. concepts D. implicationsAFor four lonely years, Evelyn Jones of Rockford, Illinois, lived friendless and forgotten in one room of a cheap hotel. “I wasn’t sick, but I was acting sick,” the 78-year-old widow says, “Ev ery day was the same. I would just lie on my bed and maybe cook up some soup.” Then, six months ago, she was invited to The Brighter Side -- Rockford’s day care center for the elderly. Every weekday morning since then, she has left her home to meet nine other old people in a church for a rich program of charity work, trips, games, and -- most important of all -- friendly companionship.Just a few years ago, there were few choices for the elderly between a normal life in their own homes and being totally confined in nursing homes. Many of them were sent to rest homes long before they needed full-time care. Others like Mrs. Jones were left to take care of themselves. But in 1971, the White House Conference on Aging called for the development of alternatives to care in nursing homes for old people, and since then, government-supported day-care programs like The Brighter Side have been developed in most big American cities.“This represents a real alternative to the feared institution and makes old people bel ieve they have not left the world of living”, says Alice Brophy, 64, director of New York City’s Office for the Aging, “They do well at the centers, and I hate it when people describe us as elderly playpens（婴儿扶栏）.” New York’s 138 centers encourage continui ng contact for the aged with the community’s life. The centers serve more than 15,000 members, and volunteer workers are always looking for new ones. If someone doesn’t show up at the center for several days in a row, a worker at the center calls to make sure all is well. And although participation in the center is free, those who want to can pay for their lunches. No normal studies have been made of these centers for the elderly, but government officials are enthusiastic. In the future, the Public Health Service will do a study to decide if the programs can receive federal Medicare money. And the old people themselves are very happy with the programs. “There is no way”, says Evelyn Jones, smiling at her new companions at the Brighter Side, “that I will ev er go back to spending my day with all those loses at the hotel.”66. According to the passage, many old people went to the nursing homes because______________.A. They are in urgent need of full-time care.B. They were rather willing to go there.C. They were sent there.D. They were volunteers there.67. We can conclude from the statements of Alice Brophy that______________.A. the centers are like elderly playpens.B. the old people do well at the day care centers.C. old people like nursing institutions.D. outside the Brighter side they don’t work for the old.68. What’s author’s attitude towards the program of day care centers?A. pessimistic.B. concerned.C. neutral.D. optimistic.69. What is the main idea of the article?A. Day care centers may be able to receive federal Medicare money.B. Day care centers can make life better for elderly people.C. Many old people in the United States are lonely.D. Old people have no place in their society.BBiographyNicole Mary Kidman, AC (born 20 June 1967) is an American-born Australian actress, fashion model, singer and humanitarian. She is also known for her marriage to Tom Cruise, to whom she was married for 11 years and adopted two children, and her current marriage to country musician Keith Urban, with whom she has two biological daughters. As a result of being born to Australian parents in Hawaii, Kidman has dual citizenship in Australia and the United States. The following is a list of movies that Kidman has been involved with.Dead Calm (1989)After starring in a number of small Australian films and TV shows, Kidman's breakthrough was in the 1989 thriller Dead Calm. It was based on the 1963 novel of the same name by Charles Williams. The film was directed by Australian filmmaker Phillip Noyce and filmed around the Great Barrier Reef.Day of Thunder (1990)Days of Thunder is a 1990 American auto racing film released by Paramount Pictures，bringing her worldwide recognition. The cast includes Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman and Robert Duvall. This is the first of three films to star both Cruise and Kidman (the other two being Far and Away and Eyes Wide Shut).Batman Forever (1995)Batman Forever is a 1995 American superhero film directed by Tim Burton, based on the DC Comics character Batman. The plot focuses on Batman trying to stop Two-Face (Jones) and the Riddler (Carrey) in their villainous scheme to bring the city under their control. The film was released on June 16, 1995, receiving mixed reviews, but was a financial success.Moulin Rouge! (2001)Kidman’s performance in the musical Moulin Rouge! (2001) earned her a second Golden Globe Award and first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. It tells the story of a young English poet/writer, Christian (Ewan McGregor), who falls in love with the terminally-ill star of the Moulin Rouge, cabaret actress and courtesan Satine (Nicole Kidman).The Hours (2002)Kidman's performance as Virginia Woolf in the drama film The Hours (2002) received critical acclaim and earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress and a Silver Bear for Best Actress. The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf, who, in 1920s England, isstruggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel.Rabbit Hole (2010)The screenplay of Rabbit Hole is an adaptation by David Lindsay Abaire of his 2005 play of the same name. Kidman produced the project via her company, Blossom Films. The plot deals with a couple struggling to heal after the death of their young son. Kidman was critically admired for her performance as Becca Corbett and received Academy Award and Golden Globe Award.Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search70. Which of the following statements about Nicole Kidman is true?A.Kidman has dual nationality because of being born to American parents in Australia.B.Kidman and Cruise gave birth to two children in their 11-year marriage.C.Kidman was known for TV shows before receiving recognition in motion picture industry.D.Far and Away was the first movie Kidman stared with her ex-husband.71. ___________ are based on the former works.A. Dead Calm, Moulin Rouge! and The HoursB. Batman Forever, Dead Calm and Rabbit HoleC. Day of Thunder, Batman Forever and The HoursD. The Hours, Batman Forever and Rabbit Hole72. The underlined word “acclaim” has the similar meaning to ___________.A. criticismB. complimentC. complaintD. comment73. Where can we probably find the article?A. A reference siteB. A fashion magazineB. An auto-biography D. A national newspaperC“The Heart of the Matter,” the newly-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for attaching the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by federal states and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors(捐助者) and others to maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education. In response, the AAAS formed the Committee on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the Committee’s 51 members are top-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as distinguished figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because the government supports full literacy (识字) of citizens, the report stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the introduction of a series of curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning into practice on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs. Unfortunately, despite 2 years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The committee ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive”.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legal intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well hold back reform by obscuring(遮蔽) the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to clarify.74. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to___________.A. maintain people’s interest in liberal educationB. define the government’s role in educationC. keep a leading position in liberal educationD. safeguard individuals’ rights to education75. Which one of the following statements about what the AAAS plan suggests is true ?A. An exclusive study of American history.B. A greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.C. The application of emerging technologies.D. Funding for the study of foreign languages.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.A. professors are routinely supportive of free marketsB. intellectual investigation are put great value on in collegeC. progressive public policy is out of boundaries of proper studyD. professors have prejudice against classical liberal ideas77. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal EducationB. Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”C. Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”“D. Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education答案BCADB BDBAB ACADCCBDB CBBA CCDB。