流水别墅案例分析

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1.2 Introduction
The building, constructed in three levels, is built on a rock on a natural waterfall. Its composition is horizontal, although somewhat complex. The vertical axis is defined by the chimney that stands out above the deck. The building grows from within outwards and is spreading according to the needs of its residents. Therefore, it can be amended, as in the organic architecture building is conceived as a living thing and that can change.
Each floor is marked by wide overhangs 每一层平面都显示为挑出的
that are projected asymmetrically in 结构，其投影能呈不对称地
several directions. In fact terraces are 分布在各个方位。事实上梯
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介绍篇
1.1 Introduction
弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特（FrankLloydWright）美国的一位最重要的建筑 师，在世界上享有盛誉。他设计的许多建筑受到普通的赞扬，是现代建 筑中有价值的瑰宝。赖特的建筑作品充满着天然气息和艺术魅力，其秘 诀就在于他对材料的独特见解。泛神论的自然观决定了他对材料天然特 性的尊重，他不但注意观察自然界浩瀚生物世界的各种奇异生态，而且 对材料的内在性能，包括形态，文理，色泽，力学和化学性能等等仔细 研究，“每一种材料有自己的语言，每一种材料有自己的事，对于创造 性的艺术家来说，每一种材料有它自己的息，有它自己的歌。
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2.2Concept
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The pride of this architect allowed him to give up being only a few metal pieces that hold the cantilever, which is still standing after suffering the effects of a tornado.（建 筑师的骄傲使得他仅使用一 些金属支架支撑来悬臂，即 便如此，这些支架在经历龙 卷风后仍然坚挺）
建筑分为三层，建于一 处天然瀑布的基岩之上 它是水平组成的，尽管 有些地方显得复杂，但 大体的纵轴是由竖立在 岩床上的壁炉烟囱所决 定的。出于户主的需要， 建筑空间向外延展，因 此，这栋建筑就如同一 座有机的建筑，正如同 所设想的一样，是活的， 能有所变化的
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1.3 Introduction
Falling-water House
专英与结构课程汇报报告
<Falling-water House>
<流水别墅>
设计师：弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特（Frank Lloyd Wright） 设计时间：1934-1935 建造时间：1936-1937
Reading direction
1 Introduction 2 Concept 3 Space 4 Structure 5 Material
真正困扰着建筑师的是建筑的室内的可居住性--室内空间应该是综合性 的与无拘束的，于是为了避免所有不利的因素，这间大型的起居室装有 一面玻璃幕墙，可供你观赏瀑布的景致，让你获得闲情逸致
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1.5 Introduction
The use of large windows eliminated the separation between the rooms and outside. They have, among other functions, to reflect natural light and project it in an indirect way into the interior. The upper terrace provides a more intimate to the house. With this work Wright gets the maximum freedom of expression while maintaining harmony with the environment. With the integration of water, trees, rocks, sky and nature throughout the shelter closes a certain romantic view of the house, but opens a new dimension to the space-time refuge of men.
achieved a greater integration between 从而实现了建筑与环境的整
the building and the forest that
合
surrounds it.
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1.4 Introduction
What really worries the architect is the habitability of the interior. The interior space should be comprehensive and free, and therefore tries to avoid at all possible limits. The large living area has a wall of glass that lets you enjoy the view of the waterfall, in addition to receiving its relaxing rumor.
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2.1Concept
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The building bears a relationship with the environment that becomes of respect or adaptation to the environment. Thus, the foundation of the house are the rocks of the place, and some of them forged over the width of the first floor looming next to the fireplace. Much of the house is in overhang at the top of the creek. The engineers at Wright did not trust that this structure would stand and advised Wright to rectify（这栋建筑维持着适应环境的关 系，正因如此，这栋建筑的地基是原处的岩石， 同时这些岩石还伪装成建筑第一层的四边，在 壁炉边若隐若现。房屋的大部分都悬在溪流的 上空，赖特的工程师不相信建筑结构是坚固的， 建议他修改方案）.
大型窗户的运用消除了室内与室外的间隔，它们的功能是直接或间接地接收自然的 光线以照亮室内。而房屋的梯田型阳台则提供更多的亲切感，正如赖特所做那样， 它获得了与环境的最大的协调，随着水流，植物，岩石，天空和整个自然，这座建 筑显示出了最为浪漫的景致，正如人类建筑所能达到的最高维度。
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relationship with nature that surrounds 与周围环境有着很紧密的联
it. The architect tried to use natural
系；所以建筑师尽量使用自
materials-wood, brick, rock, which
然的材料-木材，砖材，石材，
bounded by smooth slabs of concrete. 田形状的立面是由光滑的混
To adopt this solution, Wright was
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
凝土板所搭建的；为了采用
inspired by Japanese architecture. The 这种设计，赖特受到了日本
exterior of the house has an intimate {传统}建筑的启发--建筑外部
”有机建筑”是现代建筑运动中的一个派别，赖特就是这个流派的 代表人物。这个流派认为每一种生物所具有的特殊外貌，是它能够生存 于世的内在因素决定的。同样地每个建筑的形式、它的构成，以及与之 有关的各种问题的解决，都要依据各自的内在因素来思考，力求合情合 理。赖特主张设计每一个建筑，都应该根据各自特有的客观条件，形成 一个理念，把这个理念由内到外，贯穿于建筑的每一个局部，使每一个 局部都互相关联，成为整体不可分割的组成部分。建筑之所以为建筑， 其实质在于它的内部空间。着眼于内部空间效果来进行设计，“有生于 无”，屋顶、墙和门窗等实体都处于从属的地位，应服从所设想的空间 效果。这就打破了过去着眼于屋顶、墙和门窗等实体进行设计的观念， 为建筑学开辟了新的境界。
概念篇
2.1Concept
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The land on which the house is located has plenty of rocks at ground level, which served as the foundation of the building. The area has a slightly bumpy relief, a forest of deciduous trees that remains virtually untouched since only a footpath leading to the house, and Bear Creek, which is the cascade of the house. Terrain of the site were removed rocks that make up the bottom of masonry facades of the building, placed there to create a natural progression from rock to the concrete floor of the parties to highlands. The rest of the facades is cream colored, contrasting with the color green or brown (depending on the season). Another contrasting element of the house are orthogonal forms that have overhangs and walls, imposing well as the house "architecture".（这座建筑所在的地块上存在着许 多的岩石， 它们成为了这座建筑的基础，建筑所在区域地形略 为崎岖，一座原始落叶林还仍未被开发，直到建设了一条通往 别墅的步行小径。而流经别墅的熊溪，岸边的岩层被移除，做 成了房屋立面底部的砌体，同时岩石与混凝土共同建造的高地 形成了一个自然的风格，剩余的立面则做成了奶油的颜色，对 比着绿色与棕色（随季节而定）。其余的对比要素是悬垂正交 的墙面，使得这栋建筑让人印象深刻）