高中英语外研社选修六模块五课文原文译文

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英语选修六课文翻译Unit5 The power of nature An exciting job的课文原文和翻译

AN EXCITING JOBI have the greatest job in the world. I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world. Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth - the volcano.I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian V olcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses. Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because itburies everything in its path under the molten rock. However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take much notice. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air. It was an absolutely fantastic sight.The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. All three of us looked like spacemen.We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves. It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.我的工作是世界上最伟大的工作。

高中英语外研社选修六模块五课文原文译文

You cannot imagine the horror of that face! I had seen him when he was unfinished – he was ugly then. But when he stood up and moved, he became a creature from my worst nightmares.
弗兰肯斯坦的怪物第一部分《弗兰肯斯坦》的故事弗兰肯斯坦是瑞士日内瓦一位年轻科学家的名字。还在上大学时，他就发现了怎样创造生命的秘密。利用死人的骨头，他制造出一个像人的怪物，并赋予了它生命。那个怪物异乎寻常地高大、强壮，并且极其丑陋，所有的人见了它都感到害怕。但是，怪物却有着人类的智力和情感(emotion)，并学会了说话。由于找不到任何朋友，他感到非常孤独和难过，并开始憎恨创造他的那个人——弗兰肯斯坦。
and I thought I held the body of my dead mother in
my with fear. At that same moment, I saw the creature that I had created. He was standing by my bed and watching me. His mouth opened and he made a sound, then seemed to smile. I think he wanted to speak, but I did not hear. He put out a hand, as if he wanted to keep me there, but I ran out of the room. I hid in the garden and stayed there till morning, terrified by what I had done. Again and again I thought, ―I wish I had not done this terrible thing, I wish I was dead!‖

外研版高中英语选修六课文翻译

外研版高中英语选修六课文翻译篇一：选修6英语课文翻译西方艺术风格变化较大，而中国艺术风格变化较小。

人们的生活方式和信仰影响了艺术。

中国和欧洲不同，生活方式在长时间里相似。

西方艺术丰富多彩，仅凭一篇短短的课文难以描述全面。

所以，本篇课文仅描述了从公元5世纪开始的几种主要风格。

中世纪（公元5世纪到15世纪）在中世纪，画家的主要任务是表现宗教主题。

艺术家们并没有把兴趣放在呈现人和自然的真实面貌上，而是着力于体现对上帝的爱戴和敬重。

因此，这段时期的绘画充满着宗教的信条。

到13世纪时，情况已经开始发生变化，像乔托这样的画家以比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。

文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪）在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观取代了中世纪的那一套，人们开始更关心人而不是宗教。

画家们回到了罗马、希腊的艺术理论上。

他们尽力地画出人和自然的真实面貌。

富人们想为自己的宫殿和豪宅收藏艺术品，他们高价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画画，画自己的房屋和其他财物，画他们的活动，画他们的成就。

在这个阶段，最重要的发现之一是如何用透视法来画出事物的形象。

在1428年，马萨乔成为第一个在绘画中使用透视方法的人，当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小孔，来观看真实的情景，并对此深信不疑。

如果没有透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画，在文艺复兴时期，油画也得到了发展，它使得色彩看上去更丰富，更深沉。

印象派时期（19世纪后期到20世纪初期）19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。

许多人从农村迁入城市。

有着大量的新发明，还有许多社会变革。

这些变革也自然而然地导致了绘画风格上的变化。

那些打破传统画法的人有在巴黎生活和工作的印象派画家。

印象派画家是第一批室外写生的艺术家。

他们想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影画出来。

由于自然光的变化很快，所以，印象派画家必须很快地作画。

因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家的画那样细致了，起初，多数人都看不惯这种新式画法，甚至还非常生气。

英语选修六课文翻译第五单元word版本

英语选修六课文翻译第五单元英语选修六课文翻译第五单元readingAn exciting jobI have the greatest job in the world. travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world sometimes working outdoors sometimes in an office sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists I am never bored although my job is occasionally dangerous I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive However the most important thing about my job is that I heIp protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth-the volcano.I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago My job is collecting information for a database about Mount KiLauea which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii Having collected and evaluated the information I help oyher scientists to predict where lava from the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses Unfortunately we cannot move their homes out of the way and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock. However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take much notice.I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air. It was an absolutely fantastic sight.The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed duing the eruption. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. All three of us looked like spacemen. We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets,big boots and special gloves. It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.一份令人兴奋的工作我的工作是世界上最伟大的工作。

外研版高中英语(选修6)课文译文

“埃斯特,我想让你见一下我丈夫,暠她说,“查尔斯,这
棆棆棆棆棆棆棆棆是……暠。
他放下购物袋,伸出手,那只猫便跑到他身边,在他的手指
棆棆棆棆棆棆棆棆
埃斯特打断她的话说 :“呵 ,原来你和他结婚了 !暠
间来回蹭起了脑袋,就像莫克西常常做的那样。当然,所有
Module2暋奇幻文学
棆棆棆棆棆棆棆棆是因为不想让你一辈子都跟着我们干。暠
消失的猫
一次,埃斯特在他们毕业周年纪念会上遇见几个老校
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威尔累得脑子都木了,他本可以继续向北走,也有可能
友。她向女主人打招呼。
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在某棵树下头枕草地昏昏睡去;但是,正当他站在那儿,试 “你还记得和你约会的那个家伙吗? 他怎样啦?暠她问
的领地,捕捉老鼠。它轻轻地穿过马路,朝着角树林另一边
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如果你不知道要说什么,你可以问他们是做什么的。我们的工作决定了我们的身份,我们都喜欢谈论我们的职
的灌木丛走去 ,然后在那儿停了下来。威尔继续盯着它,这时,他发现猫的举动变得非常奇
图让头脑清醒些的时候 ,他看见一只猫。
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那是一只母斑猫,就像威尔家的莫克西一样。它轻轻
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就在这时,一位男士走上前来并站到她朋友的身边。地走出靠着牛津一侧街道上的一个花园,威尔正站在街边。

【2018最新】英语选修六u5课文翻译-范文word版 (4页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==英语选修六u5课文翻译英语翻译对很多学生来说，是最烦恼的题目，总是不知道怎么翻译。

以下是小编整理的英语选修六u5课文翻译，欢迎阅读。

Caring for the earthAn Exciting Job my Job is the greatest Job in the world. Where I run is rare strange place, what I see is interesting people from all over the world, and sometimes the outdoor work, sometimes in the office, sometimes work with scientific instruments, sometimes want to meet with the local people and travel. But I never get bored.Although my work is occasionally dangerous, I don't care, because the danger inspires me and makes me feel alive. Most importantly, however, through my work I can protect people from one of the world's greatest natural powers, the threat of volcanoes.I am a volcanologist working at the Hawaii volcano observatory (HVO). My main task was to collect information about the kilauea volcano, one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. After gathering and assessing the information, I helped other scientists to predict where the next lava flow would flow and how fast it would flow. Our work has saved many lives, as the people can be notified of their leaving their homes as the lava flows through them. Unfortunately,it's impossible to move their homes away from the magma, so many houses are flooded or burned out.When boiling hot rocks from the volcanic eruption and back into the ground, it causes the loss is smaller than imagine, this is because the rock falling kilauea fire near the top of the mountain. The damage caused by the volcanic lava flows down the slopes is much greater, because the lava flows down and everything is buried under the lava. But the eruption itself was spectacular, and I'll never forget the first time I saw a volcano erupting. That was the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. I had a hard day's work that day andI went to bed early. I suddenly felt the bed shake when I was asleep, and then I heard a strange sound, as if a train had driven out of mywindow. I didn't care about the sound because I had experienced many earthquakes in Hawaii. I was just about to sleep again when suddenly my bedroom was as bright as day. I ran out of the room and into the back garden, where I could see kilauea from a distance. On the slopes, volcanoes erupt, red hot lava erupting like fountains, pouring hundreds of meters into the air. What a wonderful sight!On the second day of the eruption, I was lucky enough to make a close observation. I and two other sciences were sent to the top of the mountain to get off the top of the crater that formed during the eruption. Some special safety suits had been taken from the observation station earlier, so we put on our safety suits and approached the crater. The three of us looked like astronauts, and we all wore white protective suits over our bodies, helmets and special gloves, and a pair of big boots. It's not easy to wear these clothes on start, but we walked slowly to the edge of the crater and saw the red and red boiling center. In addition, they climbed down the crater to collect the magma for future research. I was the first to experience such a thing, so I stayed on top of the mountain to watch them.Today, I'm still as enthusiastic about my work as I was when I started work. Although I have been studying volcanism for more than20 years, I am still amazed by the magnificent view of the volcanoand its potential for great destructive power.The Lake of Heaven (tianchi) changbai mountain in northeast jilin province, this beautiful mountainous area is mostly dense forest area. Changbai mountain is the largest nature reserve in China, keeping its original state for the Chinese people and tourists from all over the world. The height of the ground varies from 700 to 2,000 meters above sea level. It is a growing area of many plants and animals. Rare animals have white cranes, black bears, leopards and Siberian tigers. Many people go to changbai mountain to study the unique flora and fauna. Others go to the mountains to see the magnificent waterfalls, or take a bath in the pool. The most attractive place in the reserve, however, is the tianchi, or lake in the sky.Tianchi is a deep water lake formed by the crater of a dead volcano on the top of the mountain. The lake has a height of 2,194 meters and water depth of more than 200 meters. In winter, the lakeis frozen. It's about an hour from the end of the road to the top. When you get to the top of the mountain you will get a return - you can see not only the clear water of the sky, but also the 16 peaks surrounding the tianchi lake.。

英语选修六unit5课文翻译

英语选修六u n i t5课文翻译-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Unit5 AN EXCITING JOB一份令人兴奋的工作I have the greatest job in the world. 我的工作是世界上最伟大的工作。

I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world. 我跑的地方是稀罕奇特的地方，和我一道工作的人来自世界各地。

Sometimes working outdoors,sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. （我们）有时在室外工作，有时在办公室里，有时工作要用科学仪器，有时要会见当地百姓和旅游人士。

但是我从来不感到工作烦人。

Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. 虽然我的工作偶尔也有危险，但是我并不在乎，因为能激励我，使我感到有活力。

However, the most important thing about my job is that I helpprotect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth - the volcano. 然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁——这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。

I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. 作为一名火山学家，我被派到夏威夷火山观测站（HVO）工作。

(完整版)高中英语新课标选修六Unit5课文原文

Earth Care1.I have the greatest job in the world. I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world.Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored.2. Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth - the volcano.3. I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii.4. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.5. Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses.6. Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.7. When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine.8. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall.9. The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.10. However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii.11. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.12. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take much notice.13. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.14. I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.15. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air. It was an absolutely fantastic sight.16. The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption.17. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. All three of us looked like spacemen.We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.18. It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.19. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.20. Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started.21. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.。

外研社高中英语选修6第五单元阅读课文本解读

Para.3
I wish I had not done this terrible thing.
Regretful
He became a creatures.
Nightmare
Task4 :Read the para3 and answer the questions.
Step7 Homework
Write a passage in 100 words. Key points: 1.The brief introduction of the story. 2.The most important lesson you have learnt from the novel and discussion.
知识回顾 Knowledge Review
祝您成功！
friend and wife.
Frankenstein dies and the monster ends his own life in the ice and snow.
biography
Types adventure of the
novel
history
Science fiction
Task3: Underline the topic sentence in paragraphs in part2.
Use your imagination!
Step 2 Prediction Title :Frankenstein’s Monster
Guess which topic might take place.
1.Frankenstein made an ugly monster. 2.The monster fell in love with Frankenstein. 3.Frankenstein and a monster hated each other. 4.The monster was lonely and unhappy. 5.Frankenstein was killed by the monster.

外研社英语选修六课文翻译

第二单元其余部分Introduction 介绍《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》的创作者——C·S·刘易斯（1898——1963）是英国最伟大的魔幻文学家之一，露西发现了冰天雪地的纳尼亚，在那里她和她的两个哥哥和一个妹妹遇见了白女巫。

他们还邂逅了阿斯兰，那头唯一能够打败女巫，重新夺回纳尼亚之夏的狮子。

和阿斯兰在一起，孩子们学会了勇敢与宽恕。

他们经历过大悲大喜，最终学到了智慧。

他们在纳尼亚的时光是每一个孩子梦寐以求的历险。

Extract from The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe 《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》节选然后，她看见前面有一道光，离它不远处可以看到魔衣橱的后面，但走起来却很远。

冰冷的柔软的东西不停地落在她身上。

过了一会儿，她发现自己正站在晚间的森林中间，脚下是积雪，雪花在漫天飞舞。

露西有点害怕，但同时她也很好奇，很兴奋。

她扭头向后望去，透过黑色的树干，仍然可看见魔衣橱敞开的门廊，她甚至还能瞥见她走出的那个空房子。

（当然，她一直让门开着，因为他知道把自己关在衣橱里是很傻的。

）那里似乎还是白天。

“如果发生了什么事，我还可以回去，”露西想。

她开始往前走，伴着脚下嘎吱嘎吱的积雪声穿过森林，朝着另一处光亮走去。

大约十分钟之后她到了那里，发现那是一根灯柱。

当她站在那里，看着灯柱是，她开始奇怪：为什么森林中间会有根灯柱，她不知所措，这是她听见劈里啪啦的脚步声，（有人正）朝她走来。

随后一个非常奇怪的人从森林里走到了灯光下。

他只比露西略高一点，头上撑着一把伞，伞上满是雪。

他腰部以上想人，而脚却像山羊腿（腿上是浓重的黑毛），脚步是人脚而是羊蹄。

他还有一条尾巴，露西起初没有注意到，因为它整齐地缠在撑伞的手臂上，免得它拖到雪地上。

他脖子里围着一条红色羊毛围巾，他的的皮肤也略带红。

他有一张奇特却相当好看的小脸，留着短而尖的的胡须和卷曲的头发，前额两侧的毛发里还长着两只角。

外研英语选修6课文原文(每个模块4篇文章齐全)

外研英语选修6全部阅读课文原文（每个模块4篇）Module 1 Small TalkHow Good Are Your Social Skills?Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you recognize? Would you love to go to a party and talk confidently to every guest? Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don’t know? And are you nervous about the idea of being at a social event in another country? Don’t worry – we can help you!You needn’t worry about situations like these if you have good social skills. And they are easy to learn. People with good social skills communicate well and know how to have a conversation. It helps if you do a little advance planning. Here are a few ideas to help you.Learn how to do small talk.Small talk is very important and prepares you for more serious conversations. Be prepared! Have some low-risk conversation openers ready. For example:Think of a recent news story – not to serious, e.g. astory about a film star or sports star.Think of things to tell people about your studies.Think of “safe” things you can ask people’s opinions about – music, sport, films, etc.Think of topics that you would avoid if you were talking to strangers – and avoid talking about them! That way, you don’t damage your confidence!Develop your listening skillsListening is a skill which most people lack, but communication is a two-way process – it involves speaking AND listening. Always remember – you won’t impress people if you talk too much. Here are some ideas to make you a better listener:DOShow that you are listening by using encouraging noises and gestures – smiling, nodding, saying “uh-huh” and “OK”, etc.Keep good eye contactUse positive body languageAsk for more information to show your interestDON’TLook at your watchYawnSignLook away from the person who’s talking to youChange the subjectFinish other people’s sentences for themAlways remember the words of Benjamin Disraeli, British Prime Minister in the 19th century: “Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours!”Learn the rulesIf you go to a social occasion in another country, remember that social rules can be different. In some countries, for example, you have to arrive on time at a party; in other countries, you don’t need to. In addition, you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave. Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift, but in other places, you can take things, but you needn’t if you don’t want t. remember also that in some countries, you mustn’t take flowers of a certain colour, because they’re unlucky. In most places, you don’t have to take a gift to a party – but find our first!The Wrong Kind of Small TalkEsther Greenbaum was a saleswoman for a firm of fax machines and business supplies. But she was also the most outspokenhuman being in the world – well, Westchester County, at least. Her motto was “Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.”Esther Greenbaum’s major shortcoming was that she had a complete absence of small talk. No, that’ not quite true. She had small talk, but it was the wrong kind. In fact, she had never learnt the basic rules of social communication, and as a consequence, she made systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth. It was no coincidence either that she wasn’t a very good saleswoman.One day during a meeting, Esther was introduced to an important customer, a mature woman.“Nice to meet you,” she said. “How old are you?” The customer looked awkward.“Forty? Forty-five?” said Esther. “You kook much older. And your friend … she’s older than you, but she looks much younger!”On another occasion, Esther teased a typist, “Hey! When’s your baby due?”The typist went red and contradicted Esther. “Actually, I’m not pregnant,” she said.“Oh, sorry,” said Esther without any apology. “Justputting on a little weight, huh?”Esther was never cautious about other people’s feelings. One of her acquaintances, a salesman in the firm, was going through a very messy divorce and was very depressed. She tried to cheer him up.“Forget her! She was a complete fool. No one liked her anyway.”Much of the time, Esther said the first thing to come into her head. One day at work, a clerk came into the office with a new hairstyle.“Nice haircut,” said Esther. “How much did it cost?” The woman replied, “I’d rather not say.”Esther replied, “Well, anyhow, either you paid too much or you paid too little.”She met a very famous writer once. “Hey, what a coincidence!” she said. “You’re writing a book and I’m reading one!”The trouble with Esther was she said what she thought, and didn’t think about what she said. A young man was trying to modest about his new job many miles away.“I guess the company chose me so they’d get some peace in the office,” he smiled.“No, I guess they chose you to discourage you from spending your whole career with us,” Esther replied sweetly. Once, Esther went to a brunch party to meet some old school friends on the anniversary of their graduation. She greeted the hostess.“Do you remember that guy you were dating? What happened to him?” she asked. “You know, the ugly one.”At the moment, a man came up and stood by her friend. “Esther, I’d like you to meet my husband,” she said, “Charles, this is…”Esther interrupted her, “Hey, so you married him!”Making Friends in the USAIn the USA, conversation is less lively than in many other cultures, where everyone talks at the same time. When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen, no matter how dull the person’s speaking may be.If you’re not sure what to talk about, you can ask what people do. We’re defined by our jobs and we’re usually happy to talk about them, unless you’re spy!Some people say that Americans talk about their feelings more than Asians, but are more secretive about factual matters.You can safely ask questions about families, where you come from, leisure interests, as well as the latest movies. We’re interested in people’s ethnic background too. But it’s best to avoid politics, religion and other sensitive topics.A highly personal conversation can take place after a very short period of knowing someone, but this doesn’t mean that you’re close friends, or the relationship is very deep. But a lot of people are very friendly and hospitable, and the famous invitation “If you’re ever in Minneapolis / San Diego / Poughkeepsie, do call by and see us!” is never made without a genuine desire to meet again.But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask, particularly if you clearly show you’re aware of cultural differences, they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions. In fact, it’s a sign that they don’t wish to violate your private life. So, many Americans will talk about safe topics because they don’t dare to be too curious or personal, but will happily talk about more private matters if you take the lead.Generally we dislike arguments, and we avoid topics which lead to disagreement. It’s easy to return to discussing the weather: “Do you like the USA?” How do you like the weather?”or making compliments: ”What lovely flowers and what a beautiful vase!”“That’s fabulous dress you’re wearing.”You should accept compliments graciously and say “Thank you!” There are a couple of dangerous topics of conversation: age and money. Age is not treated as something very special, unless someone is very old: “Isn’t she wonderful for her age!”and there are no special rules or signs of extra respect for elderly people. Anyway, Americans always want to look younger than they really are, so don’t expect an accurate reply!Income is a very private matter, and you’d do well to avoid asking how much people earn, although some people may not only be open about it, but show off their wealth. We don’t ask how much things cost, either.But what we don’t like is silence, and almost anything is better than the embarrassment for a quiet party and silent guests.The AAAIt is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. A very important function of small talk is to establish a relationship between people who don’t know each other very well, or don’t know each other at all.Psychologists say that the most successful formula for small talk between people like this is the AAA model. AAA = answer, add and ask. This is how it works.Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room, or the café or party, etc. the first person asks a question: A: Do you live near here?The second person replies by answering the question, adding some extra information and then asking another question: B: (Answer) Yes, I do.(Add) In an apartment on Brown Street.(Ask) Do you live nearby too?The first person does the same, answer, add and ask:A: (Answer) No, I live in Bristol.(Add) I’m just visiting London.(Ask) Have you lived here long?B: (Answer) Not so long.(Add) I moved here three years ago.(Ask) What’s the purpose of you visit to London?The speakers may have difficulty at first, but they soon realize that the important thing is that they are saying something. By continuing with the AAA model, the conversationcontinues. Because the thing they both want to avoid is an embarrassing silence.The conversation can continue in this way for a long time. However, something can happen that completely changes the atmosphere.B: Why do you live in Bristol?A: I’m studying there. History. Are you a student?B: Yes. And I know some people who are studying at Bristol. Do you know a girl called Helen Brown?A: Helen Brown? Yes! She’s on of my best friends! How do you know her?B: She’s my cousin.At this point, the AAA model stops. Because they used this very useful technique, they found something they have in common at last.Module 2 Fantasy LiteratureThe Cat That VanishedWill was stupefied with exhaustion, and he might have gone on to the north, or he might have laid his head on the grass under one of those trees and slept; but as he stood trying to clearhis head, he saw a cat.She was a tabby, like Moxie. She padded out of a garden on the Oxford side of the road, where Will was standing. Will put down his shopping bag and held out his hand, and the cat came up to rub her head against his knuckles, just as Moxie did. Of course, every cat behaved like that, but all the same Will felt such a longing to turn for home that tears scalded his eyes. Eventually this cat turned away. This was night, and there was a territory to patrol, there were mice to hunt. She padded across the road and towards the bushes just beyond the hornbeam trees, and there she stopped. Will still watching, saw the cat behave curiously. She reached out a paw to pat something in the air in front of her, something quite invisible to Will. Then she leapt backwards, back arched and fur on end, tail held out stiffly. Will knew cat-behaviour. He watched more alertly as the cat approached the spot again, just an empty patch of grass between the hornbeams and the bushes of a garden hedge, and patted the air once more.Again she leapt back, but less far and with less alarm this time. After another few seconds of sniffing, touching, whisker-twitching, curiosity overcame wariness.The cat stepped forward, and vanished.Will blinked. Then he stood still, close to the trunk of the nearest tree, as a truck came round the circle and swept its lights over him. When it had gone past he crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the spot where the cat had been investigating. It wasn’t easy, because there was nothing to fix on, but when he came to the place and cast about to look closely, he saw it.At least, he saw it from some angles. It looked as if someone had cut a patch out of the air, about two metres from the edge of the road, a patch roughly square in shape and less than a metre across. If you were level with the patch so that it was edge-on, it was nearlyinvisible, and it was completely invisible from behind. You could only see it from the side nearest the road, and you couldn’t see it easily even from there, because all you could see through it was exactly the same kind of thing that lay in front of it on this side: a patch of grass lit by a street light.But Will knew without the slightest doubt that that patch of grass on the other side was in a different world. He couldn’t possibly have said why. He knew it at once, as strongly as he knew that fire burned and kindness was good. He was looking at something profoundly alien.And for that reason alone, it enticed him to stoopp and look further. What he saw made his head swim and his heart thump harder, but he didn’t hesitate: he pushed his shopping bag through, and then scrambled through himself, through the hole in the fabric of this world and into another.He found himself standing under a row of trees. But not hornbeam trees: these were tall palms, and they were growing, like the trees in Oxford, in a line along the grass. But his was the centre of a broad boulevard, and at the side of the boulevard was a line of cafes and small shops, all brightly lit, all open, and all utterly silent and empty beneath a sky thick with stars. The hot night was laden with the scent of flowers and with the salt smell of the sea.Will looked around carefully. Behind him the full moon sone down over a distant prospect of great green hills, and on the slopes at the foot of the hills there ere houses with rich gardens and an open parkland with groves of trees and the white gleam of a classical temple.Just beside him was that bare patch in the air, as hard to see from this side as from the other, but definitely there. He bent to look through and saw the road in Oxford, his own world. The turned away with a shudder: whatever this new world was,it had to be better than what he’d just left. With a dawning light-headedness, the feeling that he was dreaming but awake at the same time, he stood up and looked around for the cat, his guide.The Story of J.K. Rowling and Harry PotterThe elder stateswoman of British fantasy literature is J.K. Rowling, the gifted creator of Harry Potter. Joanne Rowling’s roots are in the southwest of England, where she grew up. But the idea for Harry Potter came to her while she was on a delayed train between Manchester and London. She wrote down her ideas on the back of an envelope. She then went to teach English in Portugal, where she continued to add flesh to the bones of the first Harry Potter story. But her name is forever associated with Edinburgh in Scotland, where she lived and developed the format for the whole series of seven books.There are many anecdotes about how, in 1990, J.K. Rowling began the first draft of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. She had the extra burden of looking after her baby daughter while she worked, and because she was too poor to own a typewriter, she wrote by hand. She spent many hours over a single cup of coffee in a warm cafeteria in Edinburgh becauseshe had no money to pay for the heating at home.Success was not swift and Rowling might have given up. But she was stubborn and overcame all the difficulties. It was only in 1997 that she completed the first Harry Potter story, which, because the publishers in the USA requested an adjustment to the title, was also known as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone.Rowling always intended that her output would be a book every year until she had finished the series. In fact, it took her about ten years to complete. But after the first book, the success of each of the following titles was automatic. The fifth book, The Order of the Phoenix sold about seven million copies the day it was published.Rowling’s style has been a target for some criticism, but what makes the books so important is that, because they appeal to readers of all ages, they create a special literary bond between parents and children. In an age of computer games and television programmes, it is also claimed they are responsible for a renewed interest in reading. Harry Potter has even become part of the school curriculum, much to the pleasure of the schoolchildren.And the Harry Potter effect is not just restricted to theEnglish-speaking world. Rowling’s books have been translated into more than 55 languages, and it has been estimated thath more than 250 million copies have been distributed around the world. In 2005 it was estimated that Rowling had accumulated more than one billion dollars on deposit in her bank. She has thus attained the status of being the first writer to become a billionaire.IntroductionOne of the greatest British writes of fantasy literature was C.S.Lewis (1898-1963), who wrote The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Lucy discovers the winter land of Narnia where she and her two brothers and sister meet the White Witch. They also meet Aslan, the lion, who is the only one who can defeat the Witch and restore summer to Narnia. With Aslan, the children learn to be brave and to forgive. They learn great sorrow and happiness, and finally they learn wisdom. Their time in Narnia is the great adventure that every child dreams of.Extract from The Lion, the Witch and the WardrobeAnd then she saw that there was a light ahead of her; not a few inches away where the back of the wardrobe ought to have been, but a long way off. Something cold and soft was falling on her.A moment later she found that she was standing in the middle of a wood at nighttime with snow under her feet and snowflakes falling through the air.Lucy felt a little frightened, but she felt very inquisitive and excited as well. She looked back over her shoulder and there, between the dark tree trunks, she could still see the open doorway of the wardrobe and even catch a glimpse of the empty room from which she had set out. (She had, of course, left the door open, for she knew that it was a very silly thing to shut oneself into a wardrobe.) It seemed to be still daylight there. “I can always get back if anything goes wrong,” thought Lucy. She began to walk forward, crunch-crunch over the snow and through the wood towards the other light. In about ten minutes she reached it and found it was a lamppost. As she stood looking at it, wondering why there was a lamppost in the middle of a wood, and wondering what to do next, she heard the pitter-patter of feet coming towards her. And soon after that a very strange person stepped out from among the trees in to the light of the lamppost.He was only a little taller than Lucy herself and carried over his head an umbrella, white with snow. From the waist upwars he was like a man, but his legs were shaped like a goat’s (the hair on them was glossy black) and instead of feet he had goat’s hoofs. He also had a tail, but Lucy did not notice this at first because it was so neatly caught up over the arm that held the umbrella so as to keep it from trailing in the snow. He had a red woolen muffler round his neck and his skin was rather reddish too. He had a strange, but pleasant little face, with a short pointed beard and curly hair, and out of the hair there stuck two horns, one on each side of his forehead. One of his hands, as I have said, held the umbrella; in the other arm he carried several brown-paper parcels. With the parcels and the snow it looked just as if he had been doing his Christmas shopping. He was a Faun. And when he saw Lucy he gave such a start of surprise that he dropped all his parcels.“Goodness gracious me!” exclaimed the Faun.The Lord of the RingsOne of the most famous fantasy stories of the twentieth century is the trilogy The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien. All three parts of the story have been made into very successful films. The story takes place in a world called Middle Earth. Humans are only one of the creatures who exist at this time. There are also elves, tall beautiful creatures who have magical powersand never die. There are hobbits, who are like small humans and live in holes in hills. There are also dwarves, who are similar to small, ugly men and live deep in the mountains.In The Lord of the Rings, a wicked wizard called Sauron, who has great magical powers, has created nine rings. Any creature who possesses one of these rings has great power. But Sauron has created one ring – the Ring – that can control all of these rings. The person who has this ring controls the whole of Middle Earth.Fortunately, this ring has been lost for hundreds of years. But then it is discovered by a hobbit. Sauron, realiseng that the Ring has been found, sends his creatures to get it back. If he finds the Ring, Sauron will rule Middle Earth and it will become a place of darkness and fear. Gandalf, a good wizard, realizes that in order to save Middle Earth, the Ring must be destroyed. To do this, someone must take the Ring into Sauron’s kingdom. There, they must destroy the Ring in the fires that created it. The three books tell the story of the journey to destroy the Ring. In the last book of the trilogy there is a terrible war between Sauron and his creatures, and those who want to save Middle Earth.Many people believe that The Load of the Rings is the besttwentieth century novel in English. Of course, there are always those who do not enjoy reading fantasy novels. But if you do, then this is one story you should definitely read.Module 3 Interpersonal Relationships – FriendshipRoy’s StoryI remember the first time I met Roy. He was standing in the centre of a group of boys, and he was telling a joke. When he reached the final line, everyone burst out laughing. Roy laughed too. A loud happy laugh. “Popular boy,” I thought to myself. My name is Daniel. I was from the north of England, but my father had been offered a better job in London, and our whole family had moved there. I was twelve and, having lost all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school.There were 33 students in my new class, and most people weren’t very interested in a shy new boy. Roy was one of the few people who were kind to me. He often invited me to join his particular group, and as a result, I started getting to know people. Roy and I become good friends. We trusted each other and we could talk about personal matters, things that wereimportant to us.Five years later, Roy and I are still in the same class. But just under a year ago. Roy’s father was knocked over by a car. He died a few days later. The family had to move to a much smaller house in order to manage financially. Roy, who had always been very close to his father, changed completely, becoming silent and moody. He had always been a clever, hard-working student but now he seemed to lose all interest in his work. He started losing friends. These days, Roy and I see each other from time to time, but we no longer close.About three months ago, a group of us were playing football together after school. Having left something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it, and found Roy going through the pockets of people’s coats. In his hand he had a wallet – and I knew it wasn’t his! My mouth fell open and I just looked at him. Roy went bright red. ”I’ll put it back right now,” he said, and he did so. I turned round and walked out without saying a word.I really hoped that Roy would explain why he had been stealing, but instead he started avoiding me. At the same time, small amounts of money started disappearing from students’lockers. I wonder if the thief was Roy but decided not to sayanything to anyone. I hope it wasn’t him.Last week our school had a big fair in order to raise money for a charity. It was very successful and by the end of the day, we had made about $500. Our class teacher, Mr White, came and chatted to a group of us that included Roy, and held up a box for us to see. “There’s $500 in here,” he said with a smile. But to our surprise, the next morning, we were told that the money had been stolen. Mr White had left the box in a classroom for a few minutes, and when he came back it had disappeared. The head teacher asked anyone who thought they might know something about the theft to come to him.This weekend, having thought about the situation for a while, I decided to ask Roy about the theft, and this morning I went to see him. Roy was out, and I went upstairs to his bedroom to wait for him. It was a cold day and his jacket was lying on the back of a chair. I put it on and put my hands in the pockets.I could feel a lot of paper notes and I pulled them out.It looked as if there was about $500 there. I was so surprised that I just stood there, holding the notes in my hands. At that moment, the door swung open, and Roy walked in.Childhood FriendsThe first time I lost my best friend, I thought it was the end of the world. I don’t mean that he died, he just went away, but I still measure all pain by how hurt I was when Danny left.I was blessed with a happy childhood, one that most people would want to have. We lived in a small bungalow in a tiny village in Scotland and we were a very close family. Our neighbours next door had a son named Danny, and we grew up together.We spent long summer evenings in the pine forests, digging up worms for fishing, and collecting feathers left by the birds in the cages where they had been kept for the hunters. It was here that I discovered that I was allergic to the tiny flies which bit me and made my face swell. There were a few walnut trees above the village and we would chase the squirrels away and wait for them to ripen. Of course, it was too far north for a proper harvest. On windy days we’d slide down the stony slopes to the loch and feel the spray of the sea in our faces.Danny was a good carpenter too, and we made brooms out of branches, which we tried to sell in the village shop. We built a tree house, where we smoked our first cigar, and I was sick! Once I slipped on some damp leaves, fell out, scratched my arms and cut the heel of my foot, so he washed my wounds in the stream.He was a very considerate boy for someone so young. My mother simply scolded me for tearing my underwear.We were on good terms with everyone in the village, and we even gave a salute to the local policeman as he passed on his bicycle. But in our imagination, he was an enemy soldier, and we were two spies looking for secrets.It was the finest friendship anyone could have, and life seemed perfect.And then at the age of 14, his parents moved to London, over 400 kilometres away. The pain was acute, and I couldn’t forgive Danny for leaving me. I felt he had betrayed me. It was the worst loss I have ever experienced.I’m now back in touch with Danny, and it’s a privilege to call him my friend. We’re both much more mature now, and we’re still very alike.But while I’m nostalgic for the happy times we spent together many years ago, I’m ashamed of my feelings, and I don’t want to rewind the recording of my life and remember my loss and my pain.Friends ReunitedOne of the biggest Internet successes is a website calledFriends Reunited. Friends Reunited brings together – that is, unites – old friends, people who used to be friends with each other, but have not seen each other for a long time.The website was begun in 1999 by a London couple called Stephen and Julie Pankhurst. Julie wanted to know what her old school friends were doing. Did they all have families or their own? Did they still live in the same area? Were they married? Did they have children? She and her husband realised that the Internet was the perfect way to get in touch with old friends, and Steve and his business partner, Jason Porter, built the website. Slowly, people heard about the site and became interested. By the end of 2000 the site had 3,000 members. Then the website was mentioned on a radio programme and suddenly the site became very popular. By the end of 2001 the website had 4 million members, and by the end of 2002 it had over 8 million! How do you find old friends using Friends Reunited? It’s very easy. People join the website and give information about themselves – the name of their old school, the neighbourhood they lived in, the college the went to, the sports team they belonged to, etc. To find an old friend, you type in their name, school, etc. you may find that your friend is a member of the website, and you can then contact him or her through the website.。

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