对外经济贸易大学815经济学综合考研历年真题及答案

对外经济贸易大学815经济学综合考研历年真题及答案对外经贸大学2006年硕士学位研究生入学考试初试试题一、名词解释（每小题4分，共16分）1，价格歧视2，平衡预算乘数3，技术性贸易壁垒4，利率平价理论二，判断题（只判断正误，无需改正，每小题1分，共8分）1、能够自由取用的商品是机会成本为零的商品。

2、经济租是指为生产要素所支付的金额与为得到使用该要素所必须支付的最小金额之间的差额。

3、国民生产总值和国内生产总值在数值上一定不相等。

4、在索洛的经济增长模型中储蓄率是外生的，但在新经济增长模型中储蓄率是内生的。

5、不存在要素密集度逆转是要素禀赋理论成立的一个条件。

6、对中间投入品征收的进口关税越高意味着最终产品关税的有效保护率越高。

7、国际收支顺差是一国增大其外汇储备最稳定、对可靠的来源。

8、远期汇差实质上是以远期汇率为本金，以两种货币利差为利率，从即期至远期交割日这段时间内所生的利息。

三，简答题（每题8分，共32分）1，比较说明两个实力相当的寡头厂商在实现产量决策中的古诺均衡解、串通的均衡解、竞争性均衡解和先行者利益均衡解的不同。

2，根据总需求-总供给模型，分析近两年来国际石油价格上涨对一国经济短期和长期的影响。

3，简述对外贸易乘数原理。

4，评析弹性分析理论的主要贡献和局限性。

四，论述题（每题11分，共33分）1、当前中国政府不希望改变总需求水平，即维持一个基本不变的实际收入水平，但希望通过降低投资增加消费来改变总需求的构成，你认为这需要什么样的宏观政策组合？请用IS-LM模型表示你的政策主张及其对投资、消费、收入和利率的影响。

2、试述PETER.J.Buckley等人建立和发展的内部化论点是如何进行企业跨国经营动机解释的？3、在中国建设银行路演前，业内很多人士对此次上市的前景不太乐观，但是在2005年10月5日，建行开始全球路演后，其股票受到广大投资者的极大青睐，取得“超过5000亿港元市值，622亿港元筹资额，近10倍国际超额认购”的业绩，完全出乎此前的预期，请你分析其中原因。

五，计算与分析题（11分）假定某国一种商品的国内供给和需求函数为Qs=P-50，Qd=100-0.5P，在整个世界市场中，该国这种商品的市场份额很小，因此该国无力影响世界市场的现行价格。

已知该商品的现行世界市场价格为60美元，该国政府决定对每进口一单位的该商品征收关税40美元。

问：（1）征收关税后，该商品的本国国内价格是多少？（2）征收关税给本国国内消费者、国内生产者和政府带来的收益和损失各是多少？（3）如果对每进口一单位的该商品征收关税20美元，结果如何？六，英译汉（50分）1，On a wing and scare(20')Fear seems to be dominant mood of the moment.Hurricanes,tidal waves, floods,earthquakes and terrorism this year have all brought with them not only appalling scenes of devastation,death and suffering,but also outrage at lack of preparations to avoid or copy with these disasters. Now even the birds of the air are a threat,we are told.The migrating flock visible on the horizon at sunset,once a consoling reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature,could be carrying the virus which might soon kill tens of millions of people.Given the many fingers pointed at governments in the wake of other disasters this year,it is hardly surprising that they are scrambling torespond to the threat posed by avian influenza.After confirmation this week that the H5N1strain of bird flu,which has been spreading quickly in Asia,has been discovered in Romania and perhaps Greece,European Union foreign ministers convened and emergency meeting.President Gorge Bush,still smarting from a torrent of criticism of his government's clumsy response to Hurricane Katrina,has promised to rush out emergency plans for dealing with an outbreak of pandemic flu which has been stalled for years.Countries around world are hurrying to stockpile the only current antiviral drug,Tamiflu,which might be effective in saving lives in any pandemic or curbing its spread.The World Health Organisation is calling for an international co-ordinated effort. Health ministers from around the globe are due to meet next week in Canada to discuss what steps to take.Is any of this effort justified?Or are politicians simply helping to feed public panic,and then covering themselves by promising to spend lavishly against a threat which may never materialise and to reduce a risk which they do not understand?To apply the kind of test which is required in any kind of disaster planning,no least because the world is an inherently dangerous place and it is impossible to plan against every possible disaster.With the media full of warnings of impending mass death,and overreaction is all too possible.petition and Price.(15')Just as scarcity is an economic fact of life,so is competition.If you set out to sell a product or service in a free-market society,chances are that someone else will be trying to sell something similar.And because potential customers are free to buy where they please,you must competer with your rivals for those customers'business.You might choose to compete in one of three ways:Price,quality,or innovation.Take the fast food business,for example.A couple of years age,Taco Bell, which competes with hamburger chains like McDonald's and Burger King, Launched a full-scale price war by reducing the price of its tacos andburritos from79and89cents to59cents.When scales jumped by27percent, it slashed prices on16of its23menu items,and scales climbed another 19percent,Meanwhile,sales in the fast-food business in general increased by only3%.The catch,of course,is that Taco Bell now gets less money for almost every item it sells,and it still has to cover the same expenses--buying ingredients,paying employees,and so forth.How can the company charge less and still make a worthwhile profit?The answer is that the lower price attracts more customers.Even though Taco Bell makes less on each item,it's luring people away from its rivals and is consequently making more money than it used to.......,Stung by the competition,McDonld's followed suit by offering lower prices on certain items and special meal combinations......,Now everybody in thefast-foodbusiness is feeling the profit squeeze.So what are they all doing?They're trying to operate more efficiently, hustling to maintain their profit margins by tightening their grip on costs.And they are hoping that lower prices will continue to increase the number of visits made by customers who are heavily fast-food users(those who eat at fast-food restaurants more than18times per month, representing over70percent of scales in the industry).Head-on compitition tends to keep prices down,which is good for the buying public. At the same time,it holds out the promise of great profits to the business that can sell more of its product of service than competitors do.3.Export Credit Cuarantee(15')Exporting goods to overseas markets on deferred payment terms brings with it two types of credit risk for the exporter:commercial or buyer risk(for example,the buyer becomintg insolvent or failing to pay for same other reason)and political or non-buyer risk(for example,actions of overseas governments or other events such as war or civil unrest of natural disasters which prevent the buyer from paying).Depending on the length time for which credit is extented,export credits are traditionally divided into"short-term"(under two years),"medium-term"(two to fiveyears)and"long-term"(over five years)credits.Arrangements are available which enable an exporter to limit these"export credit"risks.The arrangements take a number of forms but legally they are in essence wither contracts of insurance or guarantees--although they are often loosely referred to as"export credit guarantee"irrespective of their actual legal form.In a so-called"buyer credit"arrangement, the exporter arranges for a financial institution to make a loan to the overseas buyer to enable him to purchase the exports and for that loan to be guaranteed or insured against non-payment.In a so-called"supplier credit",the exporter(or supplier)extends credit to the buyer himself ann then arranges for insurance or guarantee against non-payment.In effect,the export credit guarantee serves a purpose similar to that of a confirmed credit.But there are two important differences between the instruments.First,while a confirmed credit is furnished by the seller and the premium is paid by him.Secondly,a confirmed credit enables the seller to obtain the price of the goods against the tender of the required documents irrespective of a dispute relation to the goods.In contrast,the export credit guarantee does not always cover the seller where the buyer's rejection of the goods is based on a defect in the goods, such as their failure to comply with a sample.2008年硕士学位研究生入学考试初试试题考试科目：815经济学综合一、名词解释(每小题3分，共12分)1、范围经济2、帕累托改进3、成本推动通货膨胀4、流动性陷阱二、单项选择(10题，每小题1分，共10分)1、对于商品房价格将会进一步上升的预期，导致的直接结果是目前商品房市场中的（）A．供应量增加B：供给增加C．需求量增加D．需求增加2、如果闲暇是正常品，则财产性收入的增加会导致劳动供给量（）A．增加B．减少 C.不改变D．不确定3、根据基尼系数的大小，下列四个国家中哪一个国家的分配最为平均：（）A.甲国的基尼系数为0.20B.乙国的基尼系数为0.35C.丙国的基尼系数为0.50D.丁国的基尼系数为0.604、在一级价格歧视下，（）。