对外经济贸易大学815经济学综合考研历年真题及答案

对外经济贸易大学815经济学综合考研历年真题及答

案

对外经贸大学2006年硕士学位研究生入学考试初试试题

一、名词解释（每小题4分，共16分）

1，价格歧视

2，平衡预算乘数

3，技术性贸易壁垒

4，利率平价理论

二，判断题（只判断正误，无需改正，每小题1分，共8分）

1、能够自由取用的商品是机会成本为零的商品。

2、经济租是指为生产要素所支付的金额与为得到使用该要素所必须支付的最小金额之间的差额。

3、国民生产总值和国内生产总值在数值上一定不相等。

4、在索洛的经济增长模型中储蓄率是外生的，但在新经济增长模型中储蓄率是内生的。

5、不存在要素密集度逆转是要素禀赋理论成立的一个条件。

6、对中间投入品征收的进口关税越高意味着最终产品关税的有效保护率越高。

7、国际收支顺差是一国增大其外汇储备最稳定、对可靠的来源。

8、远期汇差实质上是以远期汇率为本金，以两种货币利差为利率，从即期至远期交割日这段时间内所生的利息。

三，简答题（每题8分，共32分）

1，比较说明两个实力相当的寡头厂商在实现产量决策中的古诺均衡解、串通的均衡解、竞争性均衡解和先行者利益均衡解的不同。

2，根据总需求-总供给模型，分析近两年来国际石油价格上涨对一国经济短期和长期的影响。

3，简述对外贸易乘数原理。

4，评析弹性分析理论的主要贡献和局限性。

四，论述题（每题11分，共33分）

1、当前中国政府不希望改变总需求水平，即维持一个基本不变的实际收入水平，但希望通过降低投资增加消费来改变总需求的构成，你认为这需要什么样的宏观政策组合？请用IS-LM模型表示你的政策主张及其对投资、消费、收入和利率的影响。

2、试述PETER.J.Buckley等人建立和发展的内部化论点是如何进行企业跨国经营动机解释的？

3、在中国建设银行路演前，业内很多人士对此次上市的前景不太乐观，但是在2005年10月5日，建行开始全球路演后，其股票受到广大投资者的极大青睐，取得“超过5000亿港元市值，622亿港元筹资额，近10倍国际超额认购”的业绩，完全出乎此前的预期，请你分析其中原因。

五，计算与分析题（11分）

假定某国一种商品的国内供给和需求函数为Qs=P-50，Qd=100-0.5P，在整个世界市场中，该国这种商品的市场份额很小，因此该国无力影响世界市场的现行价格。已知该商品的现行世界市场价格为60美元，该国政府决定对每进口一单位的该商品征收关税40美元。问：（1）征收关税后，该商品的本国国内价格是多少？（2）征收关税给本国国内消费者、国内生产者和政府带来的收益和损失各是多少？（3）如果对每进口一单位的该商品征收关税20美元，结果如何？

六，英译汉（50分）

1，On a wing and scare(20')

Fear seems to be dominant mood of the moment.Hurricanes,tidal waves, floods,earthquakes and terrorism this year have all brought with them not only appalling scenes of devastation,death and suffering,but also outrage at lack of preparations to avoid or copy with these disasters. Now even the birds of the air are a threat,we are told.The migrating flock visible on the horizon at sunset,once a consoling reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature,could be carrying the virus which might soon kill tens of millions of people.

Given the many fingers pointed at governments in the wake of other disasters this year,it is hardly surprising that they are scrambling to

respond to the threat posed by avian influenza.After confirmation this week that the H5N1strain of bird flu,which has been spreading quickly in Asia,has been discovered in Romania and perhaps Greece,European Union foreign ministers convened and emergency meeting.

President Gorge Bush,still smarting from a torrent of criticism of his government's clumsy response to Hurricane Katrina,has promised to rush out emergency plans for dealing with an outbreak of pandemic flu which has been stalled for years.Countries around world are hurrying to stockpile the only current antiviral drug,Tamiflu,which might be effective in saving lives in any pandemic or curbing its spread.The World Health Organisation is calling for an international co-ordinated effort. Health ministers from around the globe are due to meet next week in Canada to discuss what steps to take.

Is any of this effort justified?Or are politicians simply helping to feed public panic,and then covering themselves by promising to spend lavishly against a threat which may never materialise and to reduce a risk which they do not understand?To apply the kind of test which is required in any kind of disaster planning,no least because the world is an inherently dangerous place and it is impossible to plan against every possible disaster.With the media full of warnings of impending mass death,and overreaction is all too possible.

petition and Price.(15')

Just as scarcity is an economic fact of life,so is competition.If you set out to sell a product or service in a free-market society,chances are that someone else will be trying to sell something similar.And because potential customers are free to buy where they please,you must competer with your rivals for those customers'business.You might choose to compete in one of three ways:Price,quality,or innovation.

Take the fast food business,for example.A couple of years age,Taco Bell, which competes with hamburger chains like McDonald's and Burger King, Launched a full-scale price war by reducing the price of its tacos and