过去进行时知识点总结
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知识点总结
1.定义
过去进行时常表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。
2.构成:was/were +doing
3.过去进行时的基本句型
肯定式I was working. He / She / it was working. We were working.
疑问式Were you working? Was he / she / it working? Were we working?
否定式I was not working. He / she / it was not working. We were not working.
4.过去进行时的基本用法
a.过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作,常和表过去的时间状语连用,如:
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
They were expecting you yesterday.
b.过去进行时可与soon, the next moment, in minutes, minutes later等时间状语连用,表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。如:
Soon the whole town was talking about it.
c.过去进行时可用来申述原因或用作借口,这种用法常用在口语中。如:
-- Have you finished your homework, Mary?
-- No, I was helping my mother is the kitchen all day yesterday.
d.过去进行时可用来为一个后一系列动作的发生提供背景。如:
I hurt my leg when I was riding a bike.我在骑车时把腿摔坏了。
e.过去进行时可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算,这时be动词was/were要重读。如:
I was writing him a letter this morning and forgot all about it .
I was seeing her tomorrow.
He was watching the play yesterday, but he was too busy.
5. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别
(1)一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态(包括过去习惯动作),常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如:
I was sixteen yesterday old last year.
He worked in a factory in 1986.
I met her in the street the day before yesterday.
He often swam in the river when he was young.
(2)过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有,at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…),when sb. did sth等时间状语从句。
What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday?
I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.
I was cooking when she knocked at the door.
(3)一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。如:
I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher.
注意:有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时,也可用于过去进行时,但含义不同。如:
She wrote a letter to her friend last night.(信写完了)
She was writing a letter to her friend last night.(信不一定写完)
6.过去进行时的时间状语
(1)when 和while引导的状语从句中,强调某个动作正在进行的过程中时要用进行时态,while表示一段时间,因此它所引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用进行时态,如:
When/While we were having supper, the light went out.
(2)when用作并列连词时,主句常用进行时态,从句则用一般过去时,表示主句动作发生的过程中,另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如:
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
7.下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时:
(1)表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如:
Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week.
(2)与always连用表示赞美,厌烦等感情色彩时。如:
John was always coming to school late.
Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people.
(3)用来描写故事发生的情景时。如:
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.
(4)when作并列连词,表示“(这时)突然”之意时,第一个并列分句用过去进行时,when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如:
I was taking a walk when I met him.
We were playing outside when it began to rain.
(5)go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如:
I was leaving for Wuhan that day.
She was coming later.
8.过去进行时表示婉转语气(只限于want, hope, wonder 等动词),用以提出请求。如:
I was wondering if you could help me.
I was hoping you could send me home.
常见考法
1.对过去进行时基本用法的考查;
2.过去进行时和一般过去时的搭配表达。
误区提醒
1.对过去进行时的时间状语不熟悉,机械理解;
2.主从句时态的搭配错误。
【典型例题】
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made
B. is making
C. was making
D. makes
解析:答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A.read;was falling
B. was reading;fell
C. was reading;was falling
D. read;fell
解析:答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为"在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。