葡萄树

At Harvest, there is one thing that all winemakers fear most…收获季节酿酒商是最担心的是-----
The weather
• If the weather is too cold the grapes will be low in sugar and high in acidity. Frost will kill the grapes. • If the weather is too hot photosynthesis stops. • If the wind is too strong photosynthesis stops. If there is no wind the danger of a fungus is much greater. • Too little rain and the grapevine will stop growing. Too much rain will not hurt the vine but, if there is too much rain just before harvest, the wine will be very weak.
Wine Training Program #The Vine 葡萄酒培训课程#葡萄树
葡萄酒基本知识 Basic Wine Knowledge
什么是葡萄酒 ？ What’s Wine？ Wine？ 葡萄酒就是100% 经过发酵的葡萄汁。 Wine is 100% fermented grape juice. 葡萄酒的历史 The History of Wine 葡萄酒起源于埃及，但罗马人把葡萄酒带向全世界。 历史上第一次有关葡 萄酒的记载是在7000多年前。 Wine originated in Egypt and the Romans let the whole world know that there’s something fabulous called wine .The very first sign of wine appeared about 7000 years ago.
The pulp and seeds
The pulp is the majority of the grape. It contains mostly water, sugar and acid. 果肉占整个葡萄的大分，它所提供的是水分， 果肉占整个葡萄的大分，它所提供的是水分，糖份 和酸性物质 The seeds gave the tannins. 葡萄籽也是单宁的主要来源
1) Sun 阳光 2) Water 水分 3) Nutrients (from the soil) 养分
But not too much, and not too little 不可以太多或太少
Parts of the Vine
Leaves – They use the sun to make food for the vine. They need to be cut and controlled(树叶：光合作用， 需要近行修剪) Grape Bunches – They store the food. More bunches means lower quality. （葡萄串：保持营养物质， 产量越高质量越低） Roots – They get the nutrients. The older the vine, the deeper the roots go, and the more complex the wine。（根：摄取土 壤中的养分，根越深酒的层次感越 好）
The Yields
• Growers like high yields because they are paid by weight for the grapes. Winemakers like to use grapes from low yielding vines because the quality is much better. • The grapes on low yielding vines are more concentrated, rich, and higher quality. There are two ways to limit yields: the age of the vine and by cutting off many of the grapes in the summer. • Yields from old vines (more than 25years old) are small. Wines made from old vines are more complex. This is probably because the roots have grown very deep anLeabharlann Baidu take in nutrients from many different types of soils.
Three major parts of the grape 葡萄的主要组成部分
The skin contains all of the “good” tannins, color and flavor of the wine. (tannins do not have taste, instead they give structure to the wine like a skeleton give s a body, Tannins make the wine full-bodied, more tannins in the wine is not always a good thing) 皮是其中最主要的部分,它是单宁酸 颜色和味道的来源 皮是其中最主要的部分 它是单宁酸,颜色和味道的来源 它是单宁酸 颜色和味道的来源. (单宁无法品尝出它的味道 却可以感觉到它的存在 它 单宁无法品尝出它的味道,却可以感觉到它的存在 单宁无法品尝出它的味道 却可以感觉到它的存在,它 在酒中的作用就象人的骨骼一样支撑着人体.单宁可 在酒中的作用就象人的骨骼一样支撑着人体 单宁可 以使酒变的很重,但单宁含量太多的话 对葡萄酒来说 以使酒变的很重 但单宁含量太多的话,对葡萄酒来说 但单宁含量太多的话 也不是一件好事,单宁应该和酒的果味保持平衡 也不是一件好事 单宁应该和酒的果味保持平衡.) 单宁应该和酒的果味保持平衡
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酿制葡萄酒神奇的方程式 The magic formula of Wine making 这个神奇的方程式就是：糖+酵母=酒精+二氧化碳 The magic formula is: sugar+yeast= alcohol+co2 葡萄酒的分类 The Classification of Wine --餐酒 Still Wine --红葡萄酒 Red Wine --白葡萄酒 White Wine --粉红葡萄酒 Rose Wine --葡萄汽酒 Sparkling Wine --香槟 Champagne --加强酒 Fortified Wine --雪莉酒 Sherry --苯酒 Port
Tannins单宁酸
• Tannins do not have the taste. Instead they give structure to the wine like a skeleton gives a body. Tannin make the wine full-bodied. More tannins in the wine is not always a good thing. • 单宁这种东西你不能品尝出它的味道，却可以感 觉到它的存在，它再酒中就象人的骨骼一样支撑 着人体，单宁可以使酒体变的很重，但单宁含量 太多的话，对葡萄酒来说也不是一件好事，单宁 应该和酒的果味保持平衡．
The climate
• Climates can be as big as Europe or can be as small as a few square meters. Most of the time a climate is described as the size of a region. For example Napa Valley. the boundary of Napa Valley was created because of a similar climate. • Climate changes by: how north or south you are, if you are close to water, if you are close to the ocean, climate also include the weather.
The Yields
• If the vine has an easy life it will make wine that is not good quality. For all great wine the vine must struggle to live. • Yields=how many grape clusters are grown on each vine. High yields means the vine grows lots of grapes, low yields means it grows few grapes. • If a vine grows lot of grapes then the taste will be very weak and it will be difficult for the grapes to ripen. Wine from high yielding vines will always be low quality.
葡萄酒中的新世界和旧世界 New World and Old World —— 旧世界：指法国，德国，意大利，西班牙等欧洲国家 Old World refers to the European wine making countries like France,Germany,Italy,Spain and so on —— 新世界：指美国，澳大利亚，南非，阿根廷，智利，新西兰等 欧洲以外的国家 New World means the wine producing countries such as United States of America (California),Australia,South Africa, Argentina, Chile, New Zealand,etc
为什么要喝葡萄酒? 为什么要喝葡萄酒? Why we drink wine? 有益于健康 Good to health 研究结果表明，红葡萄酒对心脏病及心血管病，癌症，特别是前列腺癌，老 年痴呆等有预防及保健作用；白葡萄酒则对肺有好处。 The researches prove that red wine prevents or does good to heart diseases,cancers,especially prostate cancer,senile dementia and diabetes,etc while white wine is good to lung.
品位的体现 High grade Taste 档次的象征 High standard 浪漫的代表 Symbol of romance 文化的诠释 Representative of different cultures 美食的良伴 Companion to foods
The Vine Needs: