2012年日语专业八级考试文学文化题及答案
2012年日语 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试日语试题卷第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)第二部分:日语知识运用(共40小题:每小题1分,满分40分)16.この手紙を航空便( )お願いします。
A とB がC のD で17.全員が無事であること( )お祈りします。
A とB をC にD が18.王さん( )親切な人にあったことがありません。
A ばかりB までC ほどD ながら19.温度がマイナスになると、水が氷( )なります。
A でB にC をD へ20.ほら、見てごらん。
あそこに｢危険｣( )書いてありますよ。
A をB にC がD と21.わたしはこれ( )大丈夫だと思いますが、王さんはどう思いますか。
A にB でC とD へ22.最近、中国では小学生をピアノ教室に( )親が多くなっています。
A 通うB 通えるC 通われるD 通わせる23.交通ルールを守らない( )ことをしてはいけませんよ。
A ようにB ようなC ようだD ようで24.庭の花は気持ち( )太陽の光を浴びている。
A いいそうにB いさそうにC よいそうにD よさそうに25.色違いの靴下をはいてしまって、周りの人に( )、はずかしかった。
A 笑われてB 笑わせてC 笑ってD 笑えて26.もっと速く走れる( )なりたいです。
A みたいB そうにC らしくD ように27.わたしは昨日うちへ( )とき、会社で友達に傘を借りました。
A 帰ってB 帰ったC 帰るD 帰り28.これまで漫画をたくさん読んで( )が、こんなにおもしろいのは初めてだ。
A きたB くるC いったD いく29.｢日本語がお上手ですね。
｣｢いいえ、それほどでも( )。
｣A ありますB ありませんC ありましたD ありませんでした30.昨日の夜、傘をささずに雨の中を歩いていたので、風邪を引いて( )。
A みましたB おきましたC ありましたD しまいました31.私はもう30年もふるさとに帰って( )。
8 级文学史有答案版(杉达日语文学史答案)
『古事記』の編者は、次のどれか。
太安万侶『古今和歌集』の「仮名序」は、紀貫之によるものだが、「真名序」は誰の作か。
紀淑望「女手おんなで」と呼ばれる和文の日記の濫觴は、次のどれか。
土佐日記「政治小説」ではないものを、ひとつ選べ。
安愚楽鍋自然主義に属さない作家を選べ。
樋口一葉《源氏物語》は（54）帖からなる長編物語である。
《平家物語》の作者として有力だと思われる者は（信濃前司行長）である。
歌舞伎の始まりと言われ、「出雲の阿国」京都で踊ったのは、（かぶき踊り）である。
「ぼんやりした不安」という言葉を残して自殺した作家は（芥川龍之介）である。
前期自然主義（ゾライズム）の代表作ではないものは（くれの廿八日）である。
藤原為経《今鏡》の作者か中山忠親《水鏡》の作者か二条良基《増鏡》の作者か文学史上最初の長編物語は、次のどれか。
宇津保物語うつほものがたり能楽論書『風姿花伝』の作者は、次の誰か。
世阿弥近松門左衛門の演劇観は、何と呼ばれるか。
虚実皮膜論新感覚派の拠点となった雑誌は次のどれか。
文芸時代太宰治・石川淳・坂口安吾・織田作之助らは、何と呼ばれているか。
新戯作派虚実皮膜論•芸といふものは実じつと虚うその皮膜ひにくの間にあるもの也なり。
•虚うそにして虚うそにあらず、実じつにして実にあらず、この間に慰なぐさみが有あつたものなり。
日本最古の文学書は、次のどれか。
古事記古今和歌集仮名序の作者は、次の誰か。
紀貫之『東海道中膝栗毛』の作者は次の誰か。
十返舎一九尾崎紅葉が主宰していた文学結社は、次のどれか。
硯友社硯友社の機関誌は、次のどれか。
我楽多文庫2005年8級51、（『古事記』）と『日本書紀』に収められている古代歌謡を「記紀歌謡」と称している。
52、近世小説史にとって画期的な作品は（井原西鶴）の『好色一代男』である。
53、森鴎外の『舞姫』は二葉亭四迷の（『浮雲』）と並んで、日本近代文学史の出発点における記念碑的な作品である。
2002-2012专八翻译真题及参考答案
2002年E-C：The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When they refer to a person as a w inner, we do not mean one who makes some else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds auth entically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genien, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not decide their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rath er, they are themselves and so much do not use their energy putting on a performance, mainta ining pretence(伪装) and manipulating(操纵) others. They are aware that there is a differenc e between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between be ing knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.参考译文：胜者不会穷其毕生精力，去拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道;相反，他们会保持其真我本色，并且，作为这种追求真我的仁者，他们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡的姿态，或去操纵他人。
2012年日语专业八级考试文学文化题及答案
2012年日语专业八级考试文学文化题及答案
51．与謝野晶子の作品はどれか。
Ａ．東西南北Ｂ．みだれ髪Ｃ．一握の砂Ｄ．歌よみに与ふる書
Ｂ．みだれ髪
52．「もののあはれ」論を言い出した学者は誰か。
Ａ．福沢諭吉Ｂ．賀茂真淵Ｃ．本居宣長Ｄ．契沖
Ｃ．本居宣長
53．『万葉集』の歌風はどんなものか。
Ａ．みやびＢ．幽玄Ｃ．たおやめぶりＤ．ますらをぶり
Ｄ．ますらをぶり
54．芭蕉の『奥の細道』はどのような書物か。
Ａ．紀行文Ｂ．俳文集Ｃ．連歌論Ｄ．俳諧論
Ａ．紀行文
55．『保元物語』と同じジャンルのものはどれか。
Ａ．伊勢物語Ｂ．平家物語Ｃ．栄華物語Ｄ．源氏物語
Ｂ．平家物語
56．豊臣秀吉はどの時代の人か。
Ａ．平安時代Ｂ．鎌倉時代Ｃ．江戸時代Ｄ．戦国時代
Ｄ．戦国時代
57．日本三景の宮島はどこに位置するか。
Ａ．岡山県Ｂ．広島県Ｃ．宮城県Ｄ．京都県
Ｂ．広島県
58．日本最大の活火山はどれか。
Ａ．富士山Ｂ．浅間山Ｃ．阿蘇山Ｄ．雲仙岳
Ｃ．阿蘇山
59．日本天台宗を開いたのは誰か。
Ａ．空海Ｂ．日蓮Ｃ．最澄Ｄ．法然
Ｃ．最澄
60．日本最大の湖はどこに位置するか。
Ａ．静岡県Ｂ．京都府Ｃ．愛知県Ｄ．滋賀県
Ｄ．滋賀県
1。
2012专八TEM8真题答案(附阅读翻译真题出处)
2012专业八级真题答案PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSIONMini-lecture1: rarely formal records2: systematic objective manner3: variable4: situation sampling5: vary6: advantage7: as it occurs8: have more control9: in natural setting10: methodInterview1: creative people focus on novel thinking rather than solution2: comes from both environmental and genetic makeup3: two4: critical5: the environment is significant in the creative processNews broadcast6: a problem in the cooling system was solved7: the Philippines8: to expose cases of child abuse and punishment9: 4 percent10: 2PART TWO READING COMPREHENSIONText A11、C worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purpose12、A he made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way13、A how I could contribute to water conservation14、B his clothes used even more virtual water15、A exaggeration16、D humorous文章来源：《洛杉矶时报》/2010/mar/13/home/la-hm-realist-20100313Text B17、C found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.18、A US class reunions are usually occ asions to show off one’s recent success.19、D shared undergraduate experience on campus20、D bring into focus contrasting opinions21、A reasons for popularity and (not)attendance for alumni reunions文章来源：书籍：《Sociological Snapshots 5》/books ... ;dq=%E2%80%9C+JaffeTEXT C22. A. showed a wide interest.23. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.24. A. remained the same as usual.25. C. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.文章来源："A Summer's Reading" by Bernard Malamud/grade-11-u/literature/a-summer-s-readingTEXT D26. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen27. respect for great people and their influence28. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln29. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes30. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time文章来源《Political News: Abraham Lincoln turns 200》2009/02/04https:///2009_02_04_archive.htmlPART THREE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE、31: new Zealand32: state33: July 4th34: the Arctic Ocean35: T.S.Eliot36: William Faulkner37: personification38: sequential rule39: Disco40: registerPART FOUR PROOF-READING AND ERROR CORRECTION1. going 后加on2. certain 改成some3. rather 后加than4. is 改为was5. in 改为at6. 去掉the7. view 后加that8. 删掉was9. statement 改为statements10.and 改为butPART FIVE TRANSLATION汉译英：Her heart full of pain, between eyebrows burning, chest stifled, a stream of gas surged from her stomach out of her throat. The dean remarked that the child grew laggardly, which made her even more worried and lost. She walked up and down in the house, which had only one window. Beyond the window, the shadows of trees confused. There were also other children in the house. Just leave the child here. It had benevolent priests and sisters and would develop into a nursing center with medical function. This was the best place for this child, who was her secret and she would stash this secret into the building among thick forests.文章出处：台湾作家蔡素芬《烛光盛宴》英译汉：然而上述政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。
日语专业八级考试古典文法试题练习
４ ． 明Ｉ如／ Ｌ。 Ａ夜 明 Ｉ 耋ｆ ２夜 于 、 ： 于为ｃ－
Ｌ 圭， ）
４． 自 ． 岛 Ａ 明 卞 ５夜 加Ｉ９ 。 夜老 加 ６弓 夜老 加Ｌ 、 ６弓 夜老 加Ｌ 圭 Ｄ ． － Ｂ 明 为 ｃ 明 Ｌ 弓 夜老
明 加 Ｌ Ｌ 圭， ）
４ ．花哄 墨如 ９ Ａ花力 哄 、 ６ ，允 上弓 ）
６ 弓 Ｂ花 哄 、 ６ ’ Ｃ花 哄 ＜ ６ ’ Ｄ 花 哄 、 Ｌ圭 、 为 ｊ ｊ
Ｃ ４ ７ Ｄ
３ ８
Ｄ ４ ８ Ｃ
３ ９
Ｄ ４ ９ Ｃ
４ ０
Ｄ ５ ０ Ｃ
３． 屯 ７ 秋 遇 如。 Ａ秋 屯 卞 为 Ｂ秋 屯 遇
３ ．花 哄 加 ８ 。 Ａ 花 力 哄 、
、 ｃ秋 屯 遇 允 Ｄ秋 屯 遇
Ｌ圭， ） 允
Ｂ花 力 哄 Ｌ圭 ’ Ｃ 花 哄 ＜ ６ 弓 Ｄ 花 哄 ｝ 、 、 ｊ 、 Ｌ
３ ．文 藐 为。 Ａ 手 糸 力 虢 为 ２ 氏
Ｂ手 豪 氏老莸
３． 唣墨 ３息 为。 Ａ息 唱 、 、 Ｂ息 舄 、 、 加 Ｃ息 为 口 为 唱 、 、 、、 Ｄ息 舄 、 、 力 Ⅱ 为
６弓 ３ ．花 ４ 哄 墨如 为。 Ａ 花 ｃ 加 、 Ｂ 花 ｃ哄 、 耋哄 耋 允 Ｃ花 ｃ哄 、 、 、 Ｄ 花 ｃ 哄 、 Ｌ圭 ’ 耋 耋 ｊ
维普资讯
鬯 诚 辅 导 ２ ５
３ ． 更 Ｉ 。 Ａ 夜 更 Ｉ １夜 于 于为 ６ 弓 Ｂ夜 力 更 Ｉ 于
八级文学史
日语专业八级文学史复习提纲（上）（一）古代前期の文学（奈良時代）口承文学の時代から記載文学の時代へ記紀文学：古事記、日本書紀を併せた略称。
記紀歌謡：古事記、日本書紀に記されてある古代歌謡。
①古事記（712）：日本現存最古の書籍である。
②日本書紀（720）：漢文の編年体で書かれた正式の歴史（国史）。
編者：太安万侶。
成立：元明天皇の勅命により編纂。
文体：変体の漢文体風土記（713）：日本の最初の地誌である。
懐風藻（751）：日本最古の漢詩集。
万葉集（759）：日本最古の歌集である。
成立年代は定かでない。
約4500首、二十巻。
表記：万葉仮名。
柿本人麻呂（かきのもとのひとまろ）は万葉中最高の歌人と見られ、歌聖だと言われている。
歌経標式（772）：日本最初の歌学書。
作者：藤原浜成。
（二）古代後期の文学（平安時代）唐風文化から国風文化へ古今和歌集（905）：略して「古今集」。
日本の最初の勅撰和歌集であり、平安時代の代表的な歌集である。
撰者：紀貫之（きのつらゆき）、紀友則（きのとものり）、壬生忠岑（みぶのただみね）、凡河内躬恒（おおしこうちのみつね）の四人。
内容?構成：約1100首、二十巻。
凌雲集（814）：最初の勅撰漢詩集。
作者：小野岑守。
文華秀麗集（818）：勅撰漢詩集。
作者：藤原冬嗣ら。
経国集（827）：勅撰漢詩集。
作者：良岑安世。
竹取物語：現存する日本最古の物語であり、「物語の祖」と言われている。
成立：9世紀末――10世紀初め頃、定説が無い。
伊勢物語：日本最初の歌物語である。
作者未詳。
10世紀初め頃に成立したと言われているが、定説が無い。
堤中納言物語（つつみちゅうなごんものがたり）：日本文学史における最初の短編小説集である。
12世紀の平安後期。
作者未詳。
「虫めづる姫君（訳＝蝶が好きな姫君）」など10篇の短編小説よりなる。
源氏物語（1008）：世界最古の長編小説、写実小説。
５４巻。
日本文学の最高峰。
作者：女流作家の紫式部史的評価：写実的な「まこと」とロマン的な「もののあはれ（物哀）」を十分に書き上げた。
2012试题
大学日本語専攻生四級能力試験問題（2012）（試験時間：160分）一、聴解（１×20＝20点）二、次の文の下線をつけた単語の正しい読み方や漢字を、後のA,B,C,Dから一つ選びなさい。
（１×10＝10点）２１．この料理は手間がかかる。
A、てまＢ、てかんＣ、しゅかんＤ、てひま２２、この椅子は細かい細工がほどこされている。
A、ほそこうＢ、ほそくＣ、さいこうＤ、さいく２３、社長はきびしい口調で社員に注意した。
A、こうちょうＢ、こちょうＣ、くちょうＤ、くうちょう２４、山田さんの家は町の大通りに臨んでいる。
A、りＢ、めＣ、しのＤ、のぞ２５、日本列島に梅雨前線が停滞している。
A、うめうＢ、ばいうＣ、まいうＤ、めいう２６、風の音や虫の音におもむきを感じ、詩に表した。
A、趣Ｂ、味Ｃ、興Ｄ、情２７、この問題をとくのに、2時間もかかった。
A、梳 B 溶 C、解Ｄ、説２８、外出の際はかぎをフロントにあずけてください。
A、助Ｂ、預Ｃ、授Ｄ、擱２９、私の子供時代をかえりみると、いまより自然に触れる機会が多かった。
A、帰Ｂ、省Ｃ、返Ｄ、顧３０、彼はほがらかな人で、いつもクラスをあかるくしてくれる。
A、朗Ｂ、爽Ｃ、清Ｄ、明三、次の文の＿に入れるのに最も適当な言葉を後のA,B,C,Dから一つ選びなさい。
（１×15＝15点）３１、主要国の政策協調努力もあり、為替＿＿はこのところ安定的に推移しています。
A、市場Ｂ、売場Ｃ、相場Ｄ、立場３２、褒められたり＿＿を言われたりしたことを人間はなかなか忘れないものだ。
A、利口Ｂ、無口Ｃ、悪口Ｄ、閉口３３、うちの＿＿は、ミステリー小説を創作する集まりとして、雑誌の読者欄などに紹介文を出して会員を募集しています。
A 、サークルＢ、サービスＣ、スピーチＤ、チーム３４、どんな本かというと、算数の計算力を付けるために使用する学習用＿＿を一冊にまとめたものです。
A、パターンＢ、プランＣ、プリントＤ、ベテラン３５、昼前に若い一人の男が来て、兎を＿＿買ってくれという。
2012-12真题
2012年12月新日本語能力試験N1問題１_____の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、１、２、３、４から一つ選びなさい。
1.従来の枠を超えて新しい分野に進出する企業が増えている。
1)かべ2) わく3) みぞ4) ふち２.この情報誌は国内の主な観光名所をほぼ網羅している1) ぼうろう2) もうろう3) もうら4) ぼうら3. このような賞を受けることは、私にとって大変名誉なことです1) めいゆう2) めいゆ3) めいよう4) めいよ4. 新商品の開発には多額の資金を費やした。
1) ひやした2) つやした3) ついやした4) ひいやした5. あそこに見えるのは、千年前に建てられた由緒あるお寺です。
1) ゆうしょ2) ゆいしょ3) ゆうしょう4) ゆいしょう6. 若いスタッフたちが手際よく作業を進めていた。
1) しゅざい2) てきわ3) しゅさい4) てぎわ問題２（）に入れるのに最もよいものを、１、２、３、４から一つ選びなさい。
7. 会議の直前に部長の都合が悪くなり、（）私が代理で出席することになった。
1) 瞬時に2) 迅速に3) 即刻4) 急遽8. あの人は｢申請書は締め切りまでに絶対に提出した｣と、まだ（）いる1) 言い残して2) 言い張って3) 言い渡して4) 言い放って9. このままでは交渉がまとまらないので、互いに（）せざるをえない。
1) 同調2) 妥協3) 和解4) 融合10. この論文が今後の医学の発展に（）するところは大きいだろう。
1) 寄与2) 普及3) 供与4) 波及11. 今年の花火大会は、30万人を超える（）が予想されている。
1) 人込み2) 人波3) 人通り4) 人出12.仕事の分担を決める前に、必要な作業をすべて（）した。
1) リストアップ2) エントリー3) ストック4) コーディネート13. 朝から頭痛がひどかったが、薬を飲んだら、だいぶ痛みが（）きた。
1) 弱って2) 和らいで3) 薄まって4) 安らいで問題３_____の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、１、２、３、４から一つ選びなさい。
2012专八真题完整版
TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A.Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: human s’or animals’behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions ---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I'd been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I've set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I've even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I've been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I've saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I'm using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I'm hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I'm serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they're made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend's swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I'd been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes' outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It's one I'm trying, and that's had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author's feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph'?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe's observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren't there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century,most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond – for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino's studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe's statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees' intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe's novel.B. present the author's counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author's argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn't. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George's, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker's window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin' around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin' in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I'm waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn't working, George said, "I'm reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin'?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library once and now I'm gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 don't mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.""It might take longer.""After you're finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When I'm finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not somuch he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he's beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol's National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don't have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can't afford to lose.Compare this year's celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln's likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln's presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l'm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But he's so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln's greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We've had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What's often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we've inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year's celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year's?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. V ariety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln's presidency.28. In the author's opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great man's achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.。
专八文学常识练习
/new/tag/日本文学/一、回答文学作品名称1、大伴家持が編者と伝えられ、歌数約4,500首からなる現存する日本最古の歌集は？1、相传是大伴家持编撰的，由4,500首和歌组成的现存的日本最古老的歌集是？2、日本で最も古い物語で、かなを使った最初の文学といわれる作品は何か？2、日本最古老的故事书，最早开始使用假名编写的文学作品是什么？3、平安時代に、醍醐天皇の命令によって紀貫之らが編集した最初の勅撰和歌集は何か？3、在平安时代，醍醐天皇命纪贯之等人编撰的最初的奉敕撰集和歌集是什么？4、宮廷生活の中で、折にふれて感じたことを個性豊かに書きつづり、『源氏物語』と並んで平安文学の双璧とされる作品とその作者は？4、把在宫廷生活中一些所遇所感用很独特的手法编写的，和《源氏物语》一起被称为平安文学双壁的作品名和其作者名是？5、平安時代に紀貫之が著し、かな文による日記のさきがけとなった日記は何か？5、平安时代由纪贯之所著，用假名写日记的先驱作品，这部日记叫什么？二、回答文学作品名称的读法1、蜻蛉日記2、旋頭歌答案：一、1、万葉集（まんようしゅう）2、竹取物語（たけとりものがたり）3、古今和歌集（こきんわかしゅう）4、枕草子（まくらのそうし）·清少納言（せいしょうなごん）5、土佐日記（とさにっき）二、1、かげろうにっき2、せどうか1、天竺（インド）·震旦（中国）·本朝（日本）の説話約1000編を集成した日本最大の古説話集とは？1、收集了天竺（印度）·震旦（中国）·本朝（日本）约1000篇故事的，日本最大的古代故事集叫做？2、鎌倉時代には宮廷女流日記が流行したが、その代表作『十六夜（いざよい）日記』の作者は？2、镰仓时代曾流行过宫廷女性的日记，其中的代表作《十六夜日记》的作者是？3、後鳥羽上皇の命令でつくられた鎌倉時代最初の勅撰和歌集は何か？3、在后鸟羽太上皇的命令下编成的，镰仓时代最早的奉敕撰集和歌集是什么？4、鎌倉時代に鴨長明が自分の体験した社会のできごとなどをつづった随筆は何か？4、在镰仓时代，鸭长明以自身在社会中经历的变故等等为素材创作出的随笔是什么？5、『金槐和歌集』は誰の歌を集めた歌集か？5、《金槐和歌集》是收集了谁的歌编成的歌集呢？二、回答文学作品名称的读法1、狭衣物語2、更級日記一、1、今昔物語集（こんじゃくものがたりしゅう）2、阿仏尼（あぶつに）3、新古今和歌集（しんこきんわかしゅう）4、方丈記（ほうじょうき）5、源実朝（みなもとのさねとも）二、1、さごろもものがたり2、さらしなにっき一、回答文学作品名称1、平安時代の『枕草子』とならぶ随筆で、鎌倉時代に吉田兼好が書いた作品は何か？1、与平安时代的《枕草子》齐名的随笔，为镰仓时代吉田兼好所写的作品是？2、室町時代に宗祇が大成した、和歌の上の句と下の句をつなげていく遊びは？2、室町时代的宗祇的大成就，串联和歌的上句和下句的游戏是？3、「南北朝」の争いを中心に扱った室町時代の軍記物語は何か？3、以“南北朝”战争为中心来写的，室町时代的军记故事是？4、江戸時代に『世間胸算用』『好色一代男』など、町人を主人公にした文学を確立した作家は？4、在江户时代，作品有《世间胸算用》《好色一代男》等，创作以市井小民作为主人公的文学的有名作家是？5、元禄文化が栄えたころ、大坂で浄瑠璃や歌舞伎の台本を書き、義理人情にしばられた町人や武士の世界を描いた作家は？5、元禄文化繁荣的时候，在大阪创作净琉璃和歌舞伎剧本的，描绘了受义理人情束缚的市井人物和武士的世界的作家是？二、回答文学作品名称的读法1、十六夜日記2、閑吟集一、1、徒然草（つれづれぐさ）2、連歌（れんが）3、太平記（たいへいき）4、井原西鶴（いはらさいかく）5、近松門左衛門（ちかまつもんざえもん）二、1、いざよいにっき2、かんぎんしゅう一、回答文学作品名称1、歌人でもある上田秋成が、わが国の古典や中国の小説に題材をとってまとめた怪異小説の傑作は？1、身兼小说家、歌人的上田秋成所创作的，采取了日本古典文学和中国小说中大量典故的怪异小说杰作是？2、江戸っ子の弥次郎兵衛と喜多八の2人が、数々の失敗や滑稽を繰り返しながら東海道を下る珍道中を描いた十返舎一九の作品は？2、描绘了江户人弥次郎兵卫和喜多八二人，去东海道途中经过反复多次的失败和滑稽的奇妙历险的，十返舎一九的作品是？3、滝沢（曲亭）馬琴が、中国の『水滸伝』の構想を模倣して書いた雄大な作品は？3、泷泽（曲亭）马琴模仿中国的《水浒传》的构思，创作的伟大作品是？4、「しずかさや岩にしみ入るせみの声」の俳句の作者は？4、“しずかさや岩にしみ入るせみの声”，这句俳句的作者是？5、「目出度さもちう位なりおらが春」と詠んだ孤独と逆境の俳人は？5、吟诵着“目出度さもちう位なりおらが春”的，孤独并身处逆境的俳人是？二、回答文学作品名称的读法1、御伽草子2、宇治拾遺物語一、1、雨月物語（うげつものがたり）2、東海道中膝栗毛（とうかいどうちゅうひざくりげ）3、南総里見八犬伝（なんそうさとみはっけんでん）4、松尾芭蕉（まつおばしょう）5、小林一茶（こばやしいっさ）二、1、おとぎぞうし2、うじしゅういものがたり一、回答文学作品名称1、「菜の花や月は東に日は西に」と詠んだ、画人としても知られる俳人は？1、吟诵着“菜の花や月は東に日は西に”，同时也是知名画家的俳人是？2、「東海道四谷怪談」を著した歌舞伎脚本の作家は？2、著作了“东海道四谷怪谈”的歌舞伎剧本作家是？3、『小説神髄』で「小説の主脳は人情なり、世態風俗これに次ぐ」と説いて写実主義を提唱した明治の文学者は？3、在《小说神髓》中提倡“小说的主脑是人情，世态和风俗应该在它之后”的，提倡写实主义的明治时期的文学家是？4、言文一致体で書かれ、日本の近代写実小説の先駆とされる二葉亭四迷の作品は？4、用口头用语和文章用语一致体写的，日本近代写实小说的先驱二叶亭四迷的作品是？5、名人肌の大工“のっそり十兵衛”が、義理を捨てて仕事に精魂こめる職人気質を描いた幸田露伴の名作は？5、描绘了拥有名手特性的木匠（动作迟钝+兵卫），舍弃情理，在工作中注入灵魂工匠性情的，幸田露伴的有名作品是？二、回答文学作品名称的读法1、洒落本2、平田篤胤一、1、与謝蕪村（よさぶそん）2、鶴屋南北（つるやなんぼく）3、坪内逍遥（つぼうちしょうよう）4、浮雲（うきぐも）5、五重塔（ごじゅうのとう）二、1、しゃれぼん2、ひらたあつたね一、回答文学作品名称1、東京の下町に住む少年や少女たちの世界を描いた樋口一葉の作品は？1、描绘了东京的平民区中少年和少女们的世界的，樋口一叶的作品是？2、日本の近代詩の始まりといわれる島崎藤村の第一詩集は？2、可以说是日本近代诗的开端的，岛崎藤村的第一诗集是？3、田山花袋の『蒲団』と並んで、自然主義文学の礎石となった島崎藤村の長編小説は？3、和田山花袋的《蒲团》齐名的，奠定自然主义文学基础的岛崎藤村的长篇小说是？4、狂乱する踊り子エリスを棄てて帰国の途につく豊太郎の胸中は……。
历年专业八级真题及答案汇总（免费）
历年专业八级真题及答案汇总（免费）2000年英语专业八级考试全真试卷听力Part ⅠListening Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk.1. The rules for the first private library in the US were drawn up by ___.A. the legislatureB. the librarianC. John HarvardD. the faculty members2. The earliest public library was also called a subscription library bec ause books ___.A. could be lent to everyoneB. could be lent by book storesC. were lent to students and the facultyD. were lent on a membership basis3. Which of the following is NOT stated as one of the purposes of free pu blic libraries?A. To provide readers with comfortable reading rooms.B. To provide adults with opportunities of further education.C. To serve t he community?s cultural and recreational needs.D. To supply technical literature on specialized subjects.4. The major difference between modem private and public libraries lies i n ___.A. readershipB. contentC. serviceD.function5. The main purpose of the talk is ___.A. to introduce categories of books in US librariesB. to demonstrate the importance of US librariesC. to explain the roles of different US librariesD. to define the circulation system of US librariesSECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. Nancy became a taxi driver because ___.A. she owned a carB. she drove wellC. she liked drivers? uniformsD. it was her childhood dream7. According to her, what was the most difficult about becoming a taxi dr iver?A. The right sense of direction.B. The sense of judgment.C. The skill of maneuvering.D. The size of vehicles.8. What does Nancy like best about her job?A. Seeing interesting buildings in the city.B. Being able to enjoy the world of nature.C. Driving in unsettled weather.D. Taking long drives outside the city.9. It can be inferred from the interview that Nancy in a(n) ___ moth er.A. uncaringB. strictC. affectionateD. perm issive10. The people Nancy meets areA. rather difficult to pleaseB. rude to women driversC. talkative and generous with tipsD. different in personalitySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.11. The primary purpose of the US anti-smoking legislation is ___.A. to tighten control on tobacco advertisingB. to impose penalties on tobacco companiesC. to start a national anti-smoking campaignD. to ensure the health of American childrenQuestions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.12. The French President?s visit to Japan aims at___.A. making more investments in JapanB. stimulating Japanese businesses in FranceC. helping boost the Japanese economyD. launching a film festival in Japan13. This is Jacques Chirac?s ___ visit to Japan.A. secondB. fourteenthC. fortiethD. forty-firstQuestions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.14. Afghan people are suffering from starvation because ___.A. melting snow begins to block the mountain pathsB. the Taliban have destroyed existing food stocksC. the Taliban are hindering food deliveriesD. an emergency air-lift of food was cancelled15. people in Afghanistan are facing starvation.A. 160,000B. 16,000C. 1,000,000D. 100 ,000SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGFill each of gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.On Public SpeakingWhen people are asked to give a speech in public for the first time, they usually feel terrified no matter how well they speak in informal situations. In fact, public speaking is the same as any other form of (1)___ 1.___ that people are usually engaged in. Public s peaking is a way for a speaker to (2)___ his thoughts with the audience. Moreover, the speaker is free 2.___ to decide on the (3)___ of his speech. 3.___ Two key points to achieve success in public speaking: —(4)___ of the subject matter. 4.___ —good preparation of the speech. To facilitate their understanding, inform your audience beforehand of the (5)___ of your speech,and end it with a summary. 5.___ Other key points to bear in mind: —be aware of your audience through eye contact. —vary the speed of (6)___ 6.___ —use the microphone skillfully to (7)___ yourself in speech. 7.___ —be brief in speech; always try to make your message (8)___ 8.___ Example: the best remembered inaugural speeches of the US presidents are the (9)___ ones.9.___ Therefore, brevity is essential to the (10)___ of a speech. 10.___ 改错Part ⅡProofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and wri te the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word,mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/? and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitThe grammatical words which play so large a part in English grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different 1.___from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which mayseem the most obvious is that grammatical wordshave“ lessmeaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them 2.___“empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. 3.___But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction.4.___Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5.___differen ce in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man isvile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. 6.___Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably amongthemselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.___lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been“little words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for8.___distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when we consider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.___from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some people say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.___when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry ofRobert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.阅读理解APart ⅢReading Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet. TEXT A Despite Denmark?s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they a re to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance , the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgen ce of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” You?re suppo sed to figure this out for yo urself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budg et goes toward smoothing out l ife?s inequalities, and there is plenty of money f or schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: t hree days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it —old dialects persist in Jutland that can barel y be understood by C openhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes,“ Fe w have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is struck by the swe e t egalitarianism that prevails, where the low liest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It? s anation of recyclers—about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It?s a nation of tireless pl anner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers —a brochure from the Ministry of Busines s and Industrysays, “Denmark is one of the world?s cleanest and most organize d countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most c orruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. ”So, of course, one?s heart l ifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings(“Foreigne r s Out of Denmark! ”), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slu mped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it co mes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nic e clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. Peopl e stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it?s 2 a.m. a n d there?s not a car in sight. However, Danes don? t think of themselves as a w ai nting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people——that?s how they see Swedes and Ge r mans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is( though one should not say it)that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few n atural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports,highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesn?t mean that Danish lives are less me s sy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear ple nty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society c an not exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn?t feel bad f o r taking what you?re entitled to, you?re as good as anyone else. The rules of th e welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your jo b, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest witho ut a sense of crisis.16. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country.A. boastfulB. modestC. deprecatingD. mysterious17. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the pa ssage?A. Fondness of foreign culture.B. Equality in society.C. Linguistic tolerance.D. Persistent planning.18. The author?s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business a nd Industry is ___.A. disapprovingB. approvingC. noncommittalD. doubtful19. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ___.A. sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB. spares Danes social troubles besetting other peopleC. is considered economically essential to the countryD. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles20. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that ___.A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB. Danes take for granted what is given to themC. the open system helps to tide the country overD. orderliness has alleviated unemploymentTEXT BBut if language habits do not represent classes, a social str atification in to something as bygone as “aristocracy” and “commons”, they do still of cour se s erve to identify social groups. This is something that seems fundamental in the use of language. As we see in relation to political and national movements, lang uage is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way we look at it. The n ew boy at school feels out of it at first because he does not know the fight wor ds for things, and awe-inspiring pundits of six or seven look down on him for no t being awa re that racksy means “dilapidated”, or hairy “out first ball”. Th e mi ner takes a certain pride in being “one up on the visitor or novice who calls t h e cage a “lift” or who thinks that men working in a warm seam are in their “u nde rpants” when anyone ought to know that the garments are called hoggers. The “i ns ider” is seldom displeased that his languagedistinguishes him from the “outsi der”.Quite apart from specialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and profe ssions, there are all kinds of standards of correctness at which mast of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that certain kinds of English invi te irritation or downright condemnation. On the other hand, we know that other k inds convey some kind of prestige and bear a welcome cachet.In relation to the social aspects of language, it may well be suggested tha t English speakers fall into three categories: the assured, the anxious and the in different. At one end of this scale, we have the people who have “position” an d “status”, and who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use o f English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an uni mpeachable form of English: no fear of being criticized or corrected is likely t o cross their minds, and this gives their speech that characteristically unself c onscious and easy flow which is often envied.At the other end of the scale, we have an equally imperturbable band, speak ing with a similar degree of careless ease, because even if they are aware that their English is condemned by others, they are supremely indifferent to the fact . The Mrs Mops of this world have active and efficient tongues in their heads, a nd if we happened not to like the/r ways of saying things, well, we “can lump i t ”. That is their attitude. Curiously enough, writers are inclined to represent t he speech of both these extreme parties with -in? for ing. On the one hand, “w e?re goin? huntin?, my dear sir”; on the other, “we?re goin? racin? , ma te.”In between, according to this view, we have a far lessfortunate group, th e anxious. These actively try to suppress what they believe to be bad English an d assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. They live their lives in some degree of nervousness over their grammar, their pronunciation, and thei r choice of words: sensitive, and fearful of betraying themselves. Keeping up wi th the Joneses is measured not only in houses, furniture, refrigerators, cars, a nd clothes, but also in speech.And the misfortune of the “anxious” does not end with their inner anxiet y. Their lot is also the open or veiled contempt of the “assured” on one side of them and of the “indifferent” on the other.It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at the anxious. The people t hus uncomfortably stilted on linguistic high heels so often form part of what is, in many ways, the most admirable section of any society: the ambitious, tense, inner-driven people, who are bent on“ going places and doing things”. The grea te r the pity, then, if a disproportionate amount of their energy goes into what Mr Sharpless called“ this shabby obsession” with variant forms of English—espe ci ally if the net result is(as so often)merely to sound affected and ridicul ous. “ Here”, according to Bacon, “is the first distemper of learning, when men study w ords and not matter …. It seems to me that Pygmalion? s frenzy is a good emble m …of this vanity: for words axe but the images of matter; and except they have l ife of reason and invention, to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture.”21. The attitude held by the assured towards language is ___.A. criticalB. anxiousC. self-consciousD. nonchalant22. The anxious are considered a less fortunate group because ___.A. they feel they are socially looked down uponB. they suffer from internal anxiety and external attackC. they are inherently nervous and anxious peopleD. they are unable to meet standards of correctness23. The author thinks that the efforts made by the anxious to cultivate w hat they believe is good English are ___.A. worthwhileB. meaninglessC. praiseworthyD. irrationalTEXT CFred Cooke of Salford turned 90 two days ago and the world has been beating a path to his door. If you haven?t noticed, the backstreet boy educated at Bla c kpool grammar styles himself more grandly as Alastair Cooke, broadcaster extraor dinaire. An honorable KBE, he would be Sir Alastair if he had not taken American citizenship more than half a century ago.If it sounds snobbish to draw attention to his humble origins, it should be reflected that the real snob is Cooke himself, who has spent a lifetime disguis ing them. But the fact that he opted to renounce his British passport in 1941 —just when his country needed all the wartime help it could get-is hardly a ma tter for congratulation.Cooke has made a fortune out of his love affair with America, entrancing l isteners with a weekly monologue that has won Radio 4 many devoted adherents. Pa rt of the pull is the developed drawl. This is the man who ga ve the world “midatlantic”, t he language of the disc jockey and public relations man.He sounds American to us and English to them, while in reality he has for decades belonged to neither. Cooke?s world is an America that exists largely in the imagination. He took ages to acknowledge the disaster that was Vietnam and e ven longer to wake up to Watergate. His politics have drifted to the right with age, and most of his opinions have been acquired on the golf course with fellow celebrities.He chased after stars on arrival in America, Fixing up an interview with Ch arlie Chaplin and briefly becoming his friend. He told Cooke he could turn him i nto a fine light comedian; instead he is an impressionist?s dream.Cooke liked the sound of his first wife?s name almost as much as he admir e d her good looks. But he found bringing up baby difficult and left her for the w ife of his landlord. Women listeners were unimpressed when, in 1996, he declared on air that th e fact that 4% of women in the American armed forces were raped showed remarkabl e self-restraint on the part of Uncle Sam?s soldiers. His arrogance in not allo w ing BBC editors to see his script in advance worked, not for the first time, to his detriment. His defenders said he could not help living with the 1930svalues he had acquired and somewhat dubiously went on to cite “gallantry” as chief a mo ng them. Cooke?s raconteur style encouraged a whole generation of BBC men to th i nk of themselves as more important than the story. His treacly tones were the mo del for the regular World Service reports From Our Own Correspondent, known as F OOCs in the business. They may yet be his epitaph.24. At the beginning of the passage the writer sounds critical of ___.A. Cooke?s obscure originsB. Cooke?s broadcastin g styleC. Cooke?s Ameri can citizenshipD. Cooke?s fondness of America25. The following adjectives can be suitably applied to Cooke EXCEPT ___.A. old-fashionedB. sincereC. arrogantD. popular 26. The writer comments o n Cooke?s life and career in a slightly ___ tone.A. ironicB. detachedC. scathingD. indifferentTEXT DMr Duffy raised his eyes from the paper and gazed out of his window on the cheerless evening landscape. The river lay quiet beside the empty distillery and from time to time a light appeared in some house on Lucan Road. What an end! Th e whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. The cautious words of a reporter won over to conceal the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stom ach. Not merely had she degraded herself, she had degraded him. His soul?s comp a nion! He thought of the hobbling wretches whom he had seen carrying cans and bot tles to be filled by the barman. Just God, what an end! Evidently she had been u nfit to live, withoutany strength of purpose, an easy prey to habits, one of th e wrecks on which civilization has been reared. But that she could have sunk so low! Was it possible he had deceived himself so utterly about her? He remembered her outburst of that night and interpreted it in a harsher sense than he had ev er done. He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.As the light failed and his memory began to wander he thought her hand tou ched his. The shock which had first attacked his stomach was now attacking his n erves. He put on his overcoat and hat quickly and went out. The cold air met him on the threshold; it crept into the sleeves of his coat. When he came to the pu blic house at Chapel Bridge he went in and ordered a hot punch.The proprietor served him obsequiously but did not venture to talk. There were five or six working-men in the shop discussing the value of a gentleman?s e s tate in County Kildare. They drank at intervals from their huge pint tumblers, and smoked, spitting often on the floor and sometimes dragging the sawdust over their heavy boots. Mr Duffy sat on his stool and gazed at them, without seeing o r hearing them. After a while they went out and he called for another punch. He sat a long time over it. The shop was very quiet. The proprietor sprawled on the counter reading the newspaper and yawning. Now and again a tram was heard swish ing along the lonely road outside.As he sat there, living over his life with her and evoking alternately the two images on which he now conceived her, he realized that she was dead, that s he had ceased to exist, that she had become a memory. He began to feel ill at ea se. He asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have lived with her openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How washe to blame? Now that s he was gone he understood how lonely her life must have been, sitting night afte r night alone in that room. His life would be lonely too until he, too, died, ce ased to exist, became a memory-if anyone remembered him.27. Mr Duffy?s immediate reaction to the report of the woman?s death wa s that of ___.A. disgustB. guiltC. griefD. compassion28. It can be inferred from the passage that the reporter wrote about the woman?s death in a ___ manner.A. detailedB. provocativeC. discreetD. sens ational29. We can infer from the last paragraph that Mr Duffy was in a(n) ___ mood.A. angryB. fretfulC. irritableD. remorseful30. According to the passage , which of the following statements is NOT t rue?A. Mr Duffy once confided in the woman.B. Mr Duffy felt an intense sense of shame.C. The woman wanted to end the relationship.D. They became estranged probably after a quarrel.阅读理解BSECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ( 10 min)In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple -choice q uestions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on the Colour ed Answer Sheet.TEXT EFirst read the following question.31. In the passage Bill Gates mainly discusses ___.A. a person?s opportunity of a lifetimeB. the success of the computer industryC. the importance of educationD. high school education in the USNow go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 31.Hundreds of students send me e-mail each year asking for advice about educa tion. They want to know what to study, or whether i t?s OK to drop out of colleg e since that?s what I did.My basic advice is simple and heartfelt.“ Get the best education you can. Take advantage of high school and college. Learn how to learn.”It?s true that I dropped out of college to start M icrosoft, but I was at H a rvard for three years before dropping out-and I?d love to have the time to go b a ck. As I?ve said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.The computer industry has lots of people who didn?t finish college, but I 'm not aware of any success stories that began with somebody dropping out of high school. I actually don?t know any high school dropouts, let alone any successfu l ones.In my company?s early years we had a bright part-time programmer who threa tened to drop out of high school to work full-time. We told him no.Quite a few of our people didn?t finish college, but wediscourage droppin g out.College is n?t the only place where information exist. You can learn in a l i brary. But somebody handing you a book doesn?t automatically foster learning. Y o u want to learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and have a way t o test your ability. It usually takes more than just a book.Education should be broad, although it?s fine to have deep interests, too.In high school there were periods when I was highly focused on writing soft ware, but for most of my high school years I had wide-ranging academic interests . My parents encouraged this, and I?m grateful that they did.One parent wrote me that her 15-year old son “lost himself in the hole of t he computer. ”He got an A in Web site design, but other grades were sinking, sh e said.This boy is making a mistake. High school and college offer you the best ch ance to learn broadly-math, history, various sciences-and to do projects with ot her kids that teach you firsthand about group dynamics. It?s fine to take a dee p interest in computers, dance, language or any other discipline, but not if it j eopardizes breadth.In college it?s appropriate to think about specialization. Getting real e x pertise in an area of interest can lead to success. Graduate school is one way t o get specialized knowledge. Choosing a specialty isn?t something high school s t udents s hould worry about. They should worry about getting a strong academic sta rt.There?s not a perfect correlation between attitudes in high school and su c cess in later l ife, of course. But it?s a real mistake not to take the opportun i ty to learn a hu ge range of subjects,to learn to work with people in high schoo l, and to get the grades that will help you get into a good college.TEXT FFirst read the following question.32. The passage focuses on ___.A. the history and future of LondonB. London?s manufacturing skillsC. London?s status as a financial centrerD. the past and present roles of LondonNow go through T ext F quickly and answer question 32.What is London for? To put the question another way, why was London, by 190 0, incomparably the largest city in the world, which it remained until the bomba rdments of the Luftwaffe? There could be many answers to this question, but any history of London will rehearse three broad explanations. One is the importance of its life as a port. When the Thames turned to ice in February 1855,50,000 men were put out of work, and there were bread riots from those whose liveliboods h ad been frozen with the river. Today, the Thames could be frozen for a year with out endangering the livelihoods of any but a few pleasure-boatmen.The second major cause of London?s wealth and success was that it was easi l y the biggest manufacturing centre in Europe. At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Dutch looms and the stocking knitting frame were first pioneered in London. The vast range of London?s manufacturing skills is another fact; almos t any item you can name was manufactured in London during the days of its prosper ity. In 1851, 13.75 percent of the manufacturing work-force of GreatBritain was based in London. By 1961, this had dramatically。
2012年考研日语真题(答えあり)
２０１２年全国研究生入学考试日语试卷Ⅰ.基礎知識（２０点）次の文章を読んで、1~20の問いに答えなさい。
答えは選択肢[A] [B] [C] [D]からもっとも適当なものを1つ選びなさい。
ここ数年、一人暮らしの人たちが増えている。
学生、結婚できない30代の男たち、シングルキャリアウーマン、（１）正真正銘の独身者から、離婚や配偶者に先に死なれた単身者に至るまで、一人暮らしの中味（２）いろいろである。
単身者の割合は、全国では２０％ということになる。
この数字は年々伸びていくような気がする。
なぜなら、女性の社会進出に伴い、結婚しない女性が急増するだろう（３）、その影響を受け、結婚してもらえない男性も増えると思われるからである。
また、めでたく結婚した（４）、共稼ぎなどの時間的、経済的事情により、子供を作らない夫婦も増えており、出生率は減少の一途をたどり、家族の単位は少なくなるばかり。
そこにきて、今の若い人たちは、親と同居することを好まないので、一人暮らしを余儀なくされる高齢者の数も増えてくるというわけである。
（５）、そんな社会の変化にもかかわらず、今の日本社会は一人にとって、とても住みにくい社会構造になっている。
つまり、社会の仕組みがすべて家族を前提としてなされているのである。
例えば、家を借りる場合、単身者は大変苦労する。
先日、私はこの問題に自ら直面し、ひどく驚いた。
自分でいうのも変だが、私は引っ越し魔で、20代、30代はアパート、マンションを転々としていた。
その時は別に不自由な思いをしたことがなく、一生、賃貸生活（６）いいと思っていた。
今にして思えば、これは私が若かったから不都合を感じなかった（７）のことだったのである。
同じ単身者でも、年とともに社会の受け入れ状態は悪くなる。
若さゆえ、（８）に私は気がつかなかったのである。
（９）、今、私は40代なかばである。
つい数日前、自宅が狭くなったので、アパートを借りようと思い立ち、不動産屋に行った。
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2012年日语专业八级考试文学文化题及答案
51．与謝野晶子の作品はどれか。
Ａ．東西南北Ｂ．みだれ髪Ｃ．一握の砂Ｄ．歌よみに与ふる書
Ｂ．みだれ髪
52．「もののあはれ」論を言い出した学者は誰か。
Ａ．福沢諭吉Ｂ．賀茂真淵Ｃ．本居宣長Ｄ．契沖
Ｃ．本居宣長
53．『万葉集』の歌風はどんなものか。
Ａ．みやびＢ．幽玄Ｃ．たおやめぶりＤ．ますらをぶり
Ｄ．ますらをぶり
54．芭蕉の『奥の細道』はどのような書物か。
Ａ．紀行文Ｂ．俳文集Ｃ．連歌論Ｄ．俳諧論
Ａ．紀行文
55．『保元物語』と同じジャンルのものはどれか。
Ａ．伊勢物語Ｂ．平家物語Ｃ．栄華物語Ｄ．源氏物語
Ｂ．平家物語
56．豊臣秀吉はどの時代の人か。
Ａ．平安時代Ｂ．鎌倉時代Ｃ．江戸時代Ｄ．戦国時代
Ｄ．戦国時代
57．日本三景の宮島はどこに位置するか。
Ａ．岡山県Ｂ．広島県Ｃ．宮城県Ｄ．京都県
Ｂ．広島県
58．日本最大の活火山はどれか。
Ａ．富士山Ｂ．浅間山Ｃ．阿蘇山Ｄ．雲仙岳
Ｃ．阿蘇山
59．日本天台宗を開いたのは誰か。
Ａ．空海Ｂ．日蓮Ｃ．最澄Ｄ．法然
Ｃ．最澄
60．日本最大の湖はどこに位置するか。
Ａ．静岡県Ｂ．京都府Ｃ．愛知県Ｄ．滋賀県
Ｄ．滋賀県。