《英语修辞欣赏》
高级英语修辞总结与欣赏

( 2 )I a wa r d t h i s c h a mp i o n s h i p o n l y
af t e r l a bor i o us r e s e ar c h and i nc e s s a nt
pr a Ye r.
( 2 ) I n d e e d , t h i s n a t i o n ’ S b e s t - l o v e d
( 2 ) Wa s I no t a t t he s c e n e o f t h e
明 喻 顾 名 思 义 就是 本 体 喻 体 比喻 词 都 4 H y p e r b o l e 夸张 出现 , 将具 有共性的不同事物 用l i k e , a s , s e e m, a s i f / t h o u g h 等连接起 来 。
例如 :
反话正说 。 例如 :
( 2 ) H e r e wa s we a l t h b e y o n d c o mp u -
t a t i o n, a l mos t be yon d i ma gi na t i on・ ・ ・
8 R h e t o r i c a l q u e s t i o n 修辞疑问句
2 M e t a p h o r 隐喻
相关或相近, 结 构 相 同或 相 似 , 语 气相 同的 的 答 案 往 往就 在 其 中 , 不需 要 再 做 出 回答 。
例如 :
( 1 ) …b u t c a n yo u d o u b t wha t o u r
po Hc y w i l l b e?
夸 ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ 是 有 意 识 的 运 用 言 过 其 实 的 语 言
英语修辞antithesis的用法及例句赏析

今天,小兔将给大家介绍一种英文修辞手法“Antithesis(对偶)”Antithesis is a figure of speech which is a contrast of ideas expressed by parallelism of strongly contrasted words, generally for a tuneful rhythm and wisdom of brevity.对偶也可称为“平行对照”,是由结构平行的词语,从句,或句子排列而成,语义上相互对立或对照的一种修辞格,即contrast+parallelism。
对偶与矛盾修辞(Oxymoron)不同,对偶旨在显示前后两部分的平行对立,且常讲究对应词语对仗;矛盾修辞则旨在突出主从两部分的矛盾统一。
英汉对偶基本类似,因为两者都是将意义相对或相反的字、词、短语、句子(或句子成分)一一对应地排列起来,强调其差异,突出其矛盾,赋予文字以极大的感染力,从而表达一个深层的题旨。
从音、形、义三方面看,它音律节奏铿锵,形式整齐匀称,内容既适于重复强调,又适于反衬对照,在诗词、议论文、演说、寓言、谚语、成语、对联或广告中特别常见。
英语中对偶可分为四种,即单词(single words),短语(phrases),从句(clauses)和句子(sentences)。
(1)single wordsArt is long, life is short. 人生有限,学问无穷。
Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得快。
Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见,心不烦。
Man proposes ,God disposes. 谋事在人,成事在天。
Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。
I take thee to my wedded wife, to have and to hold from this day forward, for better or worse, for richer or poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and cherish, till death do we part, according to God’s holy ordinance, and thereto I plight thee my troth.我愿遵照上帝圣仪,娶汝为妻。
英语文学作品中修辞手法的赏析

不 冒进, 以平和的心态来面对一切 其次, 矛盾 的修 之 间有 相同的特征 , 英语文学中的明喻随处可见 , 一般 以 a s i f 握好度 , / a s t h o u g h t / l i k e 等词作为标志, 例如 , L i f e b e b e a u t i f u 1 l i k e s u m- 辞手法能使文学作品的表现力与感染力得到增强,通过事物 让读者在感官上得到刺激 , 在 审美上得 me r l f o w e r s a n d d e a t h l i k e a u t u mn l e a v e s ( 生如夏花之绚烂 , 死 内存矛盾 的鲜明对比, 如I i f n d n o p e a c e , a n da l l myw a r i s d o n e( 我 没 有 找 到 如秋叶之静 美) , 泰戈尔 的这句诗巧用 比喻的修辞技法 , 把 生 到愉 悦 ,
英语 文学作 品中修辞 手法 的赏析
潘 启玲
( 商 丘职 技 术 学院
摘 要 些常用修辞 , 学会鉴 赏英语文 学作 品之美。 关键词 英语文学 修辞手法 文献标识码 : A 中图分类号: H3 1 9
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英语修辞欣赏

《英语修辞欣赏》上海交通大学出版社范家材编著英语写作修辞连载(教你如何写出漂亮的文章)修辞可以有效的表达思想感情,了解一些英语中常用的修辞手法,你的写作可以得到极大的提高.===================================================[4/8]明喻(simile)是比喻的一种,是一两种具有共同特性的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的相类关系,两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词有:like; not unlike; it was a bit likel can be likened to ; as ; as if ; as though; as it were as comparable to ; many be compared to ; similar to; akin to ; be analogous to ;be someting of等。
共分三种类型:描写型(descriptive) 说明型(illustrative)和启发型(illuminative)【描写型明喻】Example One:撒切尔夫人辞职,老友里根撰文回忆中的一句I know it helped put me at ease when I felt like the new kid at school at my first eco nomic summit in Ottawa in 1981.1981年,在渥太华第一次参加经济首脑会谈,当时我觉得自己好似一个刚上学的学童Example Two:He is something of a political chamelion.(Newsweek; December 3,1990)他有点象政治上的变色龙注释:something of ,有些相似(to some extent; somewhat),表示A接近BExample Three:美国求职者可以委托专业公司代写履历Too many professionally prepared resumes read like a pitch from an old-time snake-oil pedlar.雇请职业枪手代写的履历念起来往往都带有老式江湖郎中的推销口吻。
英语修辞手法分析大全+英语文章分析赏析

英语修辞手法分析大全+英语文章分析赏析英语修辞手法分析大全一、明喻(simile)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,例如:1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and hadpassed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touchsomething.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象。
例如:1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh andblood of millions of men.长城不仅是用石头和土建造的,而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。
常见英语修辞手法

常见英文修辞手法(Figures of Speech)英文的修辞手法种类繁多,功能多样,但总体说来,采用修辞手法,目的是为了使表达生动、形象,有感染力,给人以美感,即实现许渊冲先生所指的的语言的三美:“音美、形美和意美”。
1. figures of comparison: simile, metaphor. (resemblance of two identities) Simile: a figure involves an expressed comparison, always introduced by “like”, “as”or “as if”.e.g.:a. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. (Alice Walker: Everyday Use for Your Grandmama)b. Maggie‟s hand is as limp as a fish. (Alice Walker: Everyday Use for Your Grandmama)Metaphor: the substitution of one thing for another because of the resemblance between them. It is an implied comparison without “as” or “like”. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be used metaphorically.e.g.:a. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. (The Middle Eastern Bazaar)b. The dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenters‟ market lie elsewhere in the maze of the vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. (The Middle Eastern Bazaar)c. Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. (The Trial that Rocked the World)d. H. L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his pants with a fan blowing on him…(The Trial that Rocked the World)2. Personification: a figure that endows objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions with human form, character, or sensibility.1)TO inanimate objects(把无生命的物体拟人化)e.g.:a. The thirsty soil drank in the rain.b. The mist, like love, plays upon the heart of the hills and brings out surprises of beauty.2) to inanimate living organisms (把有生物拟人化) e.g.a. He (the Fox) muttered as he retreated: “Well! What does it matter! The Grapes are sour!”….( Aesop’s Fables)b. Stray birds of summer come to my window to sing and fly away.And yellow leaves of autumn, which have no songs, flutter and fall there with a sigh.(Tagore: Stray Birds)3) To inanimate concepts or ideas (把抽象概念拟人化) e.g.:a. Wrong cannot afford defeat but Right can. (谬误经不起失败,但真理却不怕失败)(Tagore: Stray Birds)b. These little thoughts are the rustle of leaves; they have their whisper of joy in my mind.(这些微思,是绿叶的簌簌之声呀;他们在我的心里,愉快地微语着。
《高级英语》教材中的修辞格赏析

《高级英语》教材中的修辞格赏析作者:孔敏来源:《校园英语·中旬》2017年第01期【摘要】英语修辞越来越多的为人们所应用于报纸,广播,杂志,文学作品以及日常生活中。
本文拟从《高级英语》教材中的一些修辞手法入手,从英语意象方面进行分析、赏欣,使读者认识到英语修辞在语言表达中的重要作用。
【关键词】修辞修辞格赏析修辞(rhetoric)就是在应用语言的时候,根据特定的目的,精心的选择语言的过程。
运用各种语言文字材料,各种表现手法,来恰当地表达思想和感情,力求把话说得更正确、明白,使文章更加的生动、精彩。
修辞格(figures of speech)是在修饰语言的过程中,形成的具有独特的表达效果的比较固定的格式,也称修辞手段,修辞方式等。
恰当的使用修辞格,可以使语言生动形象,意蕴优美,更具说服力和感染力。
现从英语意象方面就《高级英语》教材中的修辞格进行发掘和赏欣。
1.明喻(simile)。
(1) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. (Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.)(2) The wind (Hurricane Camile) sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (Face to Face with Hurricane Camile)句(1)摘自于英国首相丘吉尔《关于希特勒入侵苏联的讲话》。
这位强悍的英国首相把德国凶残,野蛮的士兵比作成群结队,且对农作物可以造成灭顶之灾的蝗虫。
因为两者有着共同的特点——制造毁灭,深刻的揭露并批判了德国法西斯的凶残。
句(2)中作者把卡米尔号飓风的声响(the sound of the wind)比作在身边呼啸而过的列车发出的响声(the roar of a passing train),非常的贴切、生动、形象。
《英语修辞学》第二章

English Rhetoric
Chapter Two Brief History of Western Rhetoric
By Song Pingfeng
Page 9
/NewInfor/html/30370.htm • 拉斐尔最著名的壁画是为梵蒂冈宫绘制的《雅典学院》。这幅巨型壁画把古希腊以来
的50多个著名的哲学家和思想家聚于一堂,包括柏拉图、亚里士多德、苏格拉底、 毕达哥拉斯等,以此歌颂人类对智慧和真理的追求,赞美人类的创造力。
• 然而,柏拉图对修辞的看法并非一成不变。海德格尔在1924-1925年讲授 《智者篇》时提出,柏拉图的修辞观念有一个演变的过程,其轨迹可以通过 比较三篇对话勾勒出来(Brogan:3-15)。《高尔吉亚篇》代表了早期柏拉 图全盘否定修辞的态度;海德格尔认为,在《智者篇》中,柏拉图的态度有 了重大变化,转而相信修辞对“不在”(non-being)或者说“存在”之外的 领域的关注应当在哲学中占据一席之地,辩证(dialectic)能够克服修辞的 欺骗倾向,使之为哲学服务;《斐德若篇》(Phaedrus)则是发生这一转变的 关 键 场 所 。 在 这 篇 对 话 中 , 柏 拉 图 着 重 探 讨 了 真 理 ( aletheia ) 与 语 言 (logos)的关系。
Page 6
1.4 Some Ancient Greek Rhetoricians and their theory
(1). Corax (科拉克斯)
Corax of Syracuse and his students Tisias(蒂西亚斯,有名的捉刀人,专 门为诉讼者撰写诉状) were the first rhetoricians in history. His theory: the first is a theory of how arguments should be developed from probabilities; the second is their first concept of organization of a message. According to Corax, legal arguments should consist of four parts: introductory, explanation, argumentation and conclusion. (Corax 将法律演说分成四个部分:前言,解释,论辩和结论。)
英语修辞赏析

英语修辞赏析英语中的修辞决非“文学语言”之专利,它已渗透到各种体裁,各类文体。
即使是在Internet上,我们每日也能欣赏到五光十色、美不胜收的英语修辞。
如:1. U.S. stocks decline; global markets churn(平行结构)2. Hurricane Bonnie hammers Carolina coast(比喻)等。
再以科技英语为例,原本一本正经、味同嚼蜡的中科技英语也经常闪现修辞的光彩,如:Electric power becomes the servant of man only after the motor was invented.(只是在电动机发明之后,电力才开始造福人类。
)再如:Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixture and compounds.(合金是介于混合物和化合物的中间物质。
)英语广告对于修辞的运用更是“穷凶极恶”。
如:What is your choice when inflation is slowly eroding the value of your nest eggs? (这是一家投资公司的广告,它把你平日的积蓄比作nest eggs,比喻独到,形象鲜活。
)再如:Wash the big city right out of your hair. (广告里的big city即刻让人意识到the dirt of the big city,生动形象。
)英语的修辞可以分为消极修辞和积极修辞两大类。
一、消极修辞(Passive Rhetoric Techniques)它主要指那些没有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧,它与语法、语言结构和词汇的关系密切,只是为了修辞和立意新颖的缘故,对之做了一些调整。
举一种情况进行说明:为了增加文采,强化文章的表现力,常常避免重复使用同一个词汇,而另选他词。
高级英语部分课文修辞讲解

1.metaphor暗喻slips and slidesthe sinister corridor of our age… and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concernThe conversation was on wings.When E.M.F orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...…who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.…main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart.my case would snowball into...our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...… had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…No one,... that may case would snowball into......our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones....champion had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed…his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplasheyes bored into himI’ll spell it out.original sinwe saw how hun gry the American people….racial lens…whitest populations firestormvessel2. sarcasm反讽The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation.3. simile明喻They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imaginedT om’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence....swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...4. metonymy转喻Is the phrase in Shakespeare?...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe…but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax....tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...The Christian believes that man came from above. ...belowwon 100 at the tableslost it at the barthey'll throw the book,...jarring to the untrained ear5.alliteration头韵法They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone.Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation....the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...It was a splendid population –for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.It was that population…and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences‖color and creedthe greatness and the goodness of our nationtrials and triumphs…unique and universal…stories and songs…struggles and successes, the bitterness and biases6. elliptical sentence省略句The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.7.transferred epithet 移就Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.Cheerful money, suicidal sky, sleepless nightInstantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette.8. synecdoche(提喻)Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuousThis wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.Keelboats,...carried the first major commerce.the case had erupted round my head9.hyperbole夸张法...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters…--- a cosmos.The trial that rocked the worldThe trial that rocked the world His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.10.onomatopoetic words symbolism拟声词的象征意义As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.11. Personification拟人life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.12.Antithesis对照...between what people claim to be and what they really are......took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever…of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.…a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.The christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.we may have different stories, but we hold common hopes; we may not look the same and we may not have come from the same place, but we all want to move in the same direction.I’ve gone to some of the best schools in America and lived in one of the world’s poorest nations.that elevates what is wrong with America above all that we know is right wit h America.kindness and cruelty; the fierce intelligence and the shocking ignorance,13. Euphemism委婉语...men's final release from earthly struggleHe tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confiderate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man’s final release from ear thly struggles...and you took a lady friend....and you took a lady friend.14. Sarcasm讥讽…I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating.…one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler man in a night.There is some doubt about that. And it is a mighty strong combination.15. Assonance:类音,类韵,半谐音when bigots lighted faggots to burn...16. RepetitionThe truth always wins...the truth...the truth...17. Ironymarching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryHiroshima---the liveliest city in the worldAfter a while,it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until weare marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.18. oxymoron (矛盾修辞法)orderly chaos ;a living death; tearful joy; poor rich guys; a love-hate relationshipDudley Field Malene called my conviction a , “victorious defeat”Dark light , living dead , new classic , old news, open secret19. Ridicule嘲笑Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted ... Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.20. Pun双关DARVIN IS RIGHT-------INSIDE.21. Onomatopoeia:拟声词appreciative chuckleclucked his tongue22.Parallelism…to continue the long march of those who came before us, a march for a more just, more equal, more free, more caring and more prosperous America.I have brothers, sisters, nieces, nephews, uncles and cousins, of every race and every hue…23. The use of pronounsThe use of pronouns such as we, us, our, I, me, my, indicates how much responsibility the speaker wants to assume for an idea。
广告英语修辞欣赏

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英语文学作品中的修辞赏析[权威资料]
![英语文学作品中的修辞赏析[权威资料]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/00cdaf667ed5360cba1aa8114431b90d6c8589d2.png)
英语文学作品中的修辞赏析摘要:纵观中外文学的作品中,无一例外的都有或多或少的修辞手法应用。
把比喻、拟题、夸张、排比等修辞手法应用到文学作品中,可以让人物或者事物更加生动形象,惟妙惟肖,让读者流连忘返,为文章增加更多动人色彩。
本文就英语文学作品中的比喻、拟人和夸张修辞手法做一个简要的赏析。
关键词:英语文学修辞赏析每一部文学作品的产生,都是集齐作者的生活经历、感悟为一体,加上一些言语表达技巧而成,它不仅仅反映这社会的真实状态,同时也在抒发作者的情感。
每一位成功的文学家抑或是作家,都有自己独特的语言文字表达方式。
他们风格各异,在修辞格的运用上面也各有千秋,不同的修辞格在不同作家的笔下,给读者带来的文学感受也是不同的。
修辞格的使用在各大文学作品中都会出现,了解修辞格,可以更好地赏析文学作品的内涵。
比喻就是把两个不同事物的相似之处进行比较,使得其中一个事物更加鲜活。
文学作品中加入比喻的修辞手法可使文章更加生动形象,文章的可读性也得到了大大的加强,绝大部分的文学作品中都会使用这种修辞手法,它们颇受作家的钟爱。
比喻可以分为明喻、暗喻。
明喻在英语文学作品中的运用和我国汉语的用法大致是相同的,有本体和喻体,通过对两个事物的特征或者形态进行对比,从而得出本体与喻体之间的相似之处。
英语文学作品中,通常会用一些列如“like”“as if”“such as”等的标志词。
伟大文学家莎翁《十四行诗》一文中有这样一句话:“ So are you to my thoughts as food tolife .”文意为:“你对我的思想就像食物对于生命一样重要。
”莎翁把人与人的相思之情和食物对于人的生命作比较,生动形象地表达了他的爱之切,用情至深。
另一种是文中并不出现“like”“such as”这样的象征词。
如wrence作品中一句:“with the quickness of a long cat,she climbed up into the nest of cool-bladed foliage.”暗喻即隐喻。
超全面英文修辞详解27页PPT

16、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。——华盛顿 17、一个人即使已登上顶峰,也仍要自强不息。——罗素·贝克 18、最大的挑战和突破在于用人,而用人最大的突破在于信任人。——马云 19、自己活着,就是为了使别人过得更美好。——雷锋 20、要掌握书,莫被书掌握;要为生而读,莫为读而生。——布尔沃
超全面英文修辞详解
56、极端的法规,就是极端的不公。 ——西 塞罗 57、法律一旦成为人们的需要,人们 就不再 配享受 自由了 。—— 毕达哥 拉斯 58、法律规定的惩罚不是为了私人的 利益, 而是为 了公共 的利益 ;一部 分靠有 害的强 制,一 部分靠 榜样的 效力。 ——格 老秀斯 59、假如没有法律他们会更快乐的话 ,那么 法律作 为一件Leabharlann 无用之 物自己 就会消 灭。— —洛克
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英语修辞学大纲【精选】

《英语修辞学》课程教学大纲一、说明适用专业四年制本科英语专业语言文学方向先修课程高级英语总学时32总学分2(一)本课程的目的、要求(1)使学生较系统地了解英语修辞产生的原因及其对提高语言表现力的重要作用认识,增强对英语的理解能力,提高恰当运用英语语言的交际能力。
(2)使学生学会从修辞的观点出发,从英语语言现象入手,对其内涵进行分析,初步掌握对语言进行研究、分析和比较的方法。
(3)使学生掌握各种主要的修辞手段,提高实践中运用英语的能力和理解与欣赏英语文学作品的能力。
(二)内容选取和实施中注意的问题(1)本课程应坚持理论与实践相结合的原则,适当介绍修辞理论,重点讲述实用性内容,要求学生运用所学理论分析语言实例。
(2)突出重点、兼顾一般。
在选取内容上要注意以语音、词汇、句子三级修辞方法为重点,其中又应以喻类辞格为重点。
(3)学生对明喻比较熟悉,可以略而不讲或只作为隐喻的比较对象略谈。
(4)培养学生对语言的观察能力,让学生自己寻找例句并作出说明,以加深对所学内容的理解。
(5)大纲中不带“*”号的内容属于基本内容,带“*”号内容可讲可不讲。
(三)教学方法(1)教师为主导、学生为中心。
防止教师一言堂,要在教师指导下,发挥学生的学习主动性。
(2)理论与实践相结合,课堂讲授与学生分析讨论相结合。
(四)考核方式本课程为考查课程,采用口头与笔头相结合的方式:(1)口头方式主要以课堂提问和课堂讨论表现情况为考核依据。
(2)笔头方式主要以学生平时笔头作业完成情况和课程结束时笔头测验成绩为考核依据。
(3)口头考核成绩占40%,笔头考核成绩占60%。
(五)教学内容与学时分配教学章节教学内容学时安排备注1修辞学定义22西方修辞学简史44词语的选择35句子的选择27语音类修辞格48-9句法类修辞格610语义类修辞格611逻辑类修辞格4机动2测验二、大纲内容Chapter 1 What Is Rhetoric?1.1 Rhetoric and oratory1.2 Connotation of rhetoric1.3 Definitions of rhetoric1.4 Five assumptions说明和要求:(1)了解修辞与演说之间的关系(2)修辞学的定义Chapter 2 Brief History of Western Rhetoric2.1 Classical rhetoric (5th c. B.C.---5th c. A.D.)2.2 Rhetoric in the Middle Ages (5th---14th c.)*2.3 Rhetoric in the Renaissance (15th---16th c.)*2.4 New Classical Rhetoric (17th---19th c.)2.5 Contemporary Rhetoric说明和要求:(1)了解西方修辞学产生与发展的历史(2)了解亚里士多德等学者对西方修辞学的贡献(3)了解当今修辞学发展的现状和主要趋势Chapter 4 Choice of Words4.1 Use suitable words4.2 Denotation and connotation4.3 General words and specific words4.4 Abstract words and concrete words4.5 Short words and long words说明和要求:(1)了解词的本义与衍生义(2)了解概括词与特指词的语用功能(3)了解抽象词和具体词的语用功能(4)了解大词和小词的来源和对语体色彩的影响Chapter 5 Choice of Sentences5.1 Types of sentences5.2 Long and short sentences说明和要求:(1)了解不同句子结构的修辞作用(2)了解长句和短句的语用功能Chapter 7 Phonetic Figures of Speech7.1 Alliteration7.2 Assonance7.3 Consonance7.4 Onomatopoeia7.5 Aposiopesis7.6 Apostrophe7.7 Pun说明和要求:(1)本部分从语音在语言中的地位讲起,适当介绍语音学方面的知识,重点提示音韵法在诗歌中所起的重要作用及其对散文、广告等各语体的影响。
英语修辞和赏析

英语修辞和赏析【摘要】英语修辞是英语语言表达中最重要的组成部分之一,它丰富了语言的表现手段,使平铺直的语话生动形象。
在马丁路德金的演讲稿中,作者运用了明喻,隐喻,平行和移就等修辞手法阐明自己的观点,既铿锵有力又显得气势不凡。
【关键词】修辞修辞格修辞赏析【Abstract】English rhetoric is the English language expression in one ofthe most important part of the language, its rich expressional means make tile straight vivid. In Martin Luther King speech, the author US-ES simile, metaphor, contrast, parallel and move as soon as rhetorical tactics are expounded his views, already punchy seems hongs.【Keywords】Rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetorical appreciated.一、引言:修辞是依托题旨情景恰当地选择语言的一种手段。
在语言中使用英语修辞可以增强整个语篇的感染力和影响力,并传达了一定的语篇的感染力和影响力,不同的修辞手法在不同的语篇有不同的功能。
修辞法已经渗透到各种体载的文章中,使文章形象生动,意蕴丰富,更具有说服力和感染力。
英语修辞知识可以有广义英语修辞知识和狭义英语修辞知识两个不尽相同的概念。
广义英语修辞知识除涉及修辞手法外,还涉及语体和体载,而狭义英语修辞知识则只涉及英语修辞手法即英语修辞格,下文所谈英语修辞知识指狭义而非广义的英语修辞知识。
本文从《现代大学英语》第五册中第一课马丁路德金的演讲稿where do we go from here?这一课中选取几例加以简要分析及赏析二:从英语修辞格的单项运用中赏析1、相似或联系修饰格(一)明喻(Simile)是最简单最常见的一种比喻方法是将具有某种共同特征的两种不同的事物加以对比,用另一种事物比喻所要说明的事物,即基本格式是A 像B,从句子结构看,明喻需要具备三个要素,本体(描述的对象)喻体(用作比喻的事物)和喻词(用来连接本体和喻体的词)一般的喻词有as,like,as if,as though ,as as等等,例如:(1)Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall,injustice win roll down like waters and rightness like mighty stream.译:我们不会感到满意除非某个市政府里公平如浪涛滚滚,正义如江河滔滔。
《高级英语》教材中的修辞格赏析

- 110-校园英语 / 基础教育研究《高级英语》教材中的修辞格赏析河北省承德市翠桥中学/孔敏【摘要】英语修辞越来越多的为人们所应用于报纸,广播,杂志,文学作品以及日常生活中。
本文拟从《高级英语》教材中的一些修辞手法入手,从英语意象方面进行分析、赏欣,使读者认识到英语修辞在语言表达中的重要作用。
【关键词】修辞 修辞格 赏析修辞(rhetoric)就是在应用语言的时候,根据特定的目的,精心的选择语言的过程。
运用各种语言文字材料,各种表现手法,来恰当地表达思想和感情,力求把话说得更正确、明白,使文章更加的生动、精彩。
修辞格(figures of speech)是在修饰语言的过程中,形成的具有独特的表达效果的比较固定的格式,也称修辞手段,修辞方式等。
恰当的使用修辞格,可以使语言生动形象,意蕴优美,更具说服力和感染力。
现从英语意象方面就《高级英语》教材中的修辞格进行发掘和赏欣。
1.明喻 (simile)。
(1) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. (Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.)(2) The wind (Hurricane Camile) sounded like the roar ofa train passing a few yards away. (Face to Face with Hurricane Camile)句(1)摘自于英国首相丘吉尔《关于希特勒入侵苏联的讲话》。
这位强悍的英国首相把德国凶残,野蛮的士兵比作成群结队,且对农作物可以造成灭顶之灾的蝗虫。
因为两者有着共同的特点——制造毁灭,深刻的揭露并批判了德国法西斯的凶残。
句(2)中作者把卡米尔号飓风的声响(the sound of the wind)比作在身边呼啸而过的列车发出的响声(the roar of a passing train),非常的贴切、生动、形象。
英语修辞应用例析

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注释:
与spawn可通用的词有很多:develop, cultivate, raise, bring forth, beget, produce, create都可以和宾语class搭配表示中性“培养,造就”。
Example Two: 阿瑟?米勒谈他为什么要写自传
Writing my autobiography was a pre-emptive strike. Three different biographers had inquired about my co-operating with them, and the prospect of sitting, talking to somebody for months was horrible. I figured I could write it more quickly myself and why filter it through somebody else?
【认同结构】
这一结构使用一个有形象意义的喻体认同本题,两者在上下问中同事出现。典型的比喻词就是to be
Example One:
Police work on inner-city streets is a domestic Vietnam, a dangerous no win struggle fought by confused, misdirected and unappreciated troops.
【通过名词词折射】
使用这种结构,本体和与体两者不一定都出现,一则其意自明,二则避免过露过直,留下想象余地,别有一种含蓄美。或者出于策略性考虑,不提为好,心照不宣。
Example: 议论国际关系,有时需要含蓄不露,但又不点自明
Form being boss, guardian, nurse and policeman to Western Europe since 1945, the US now faces a future as a plain partner.
filter愿意为“过滤”,本句中指出自己一生的经历和思想,如果让别人写传记,就要通过他人的理解、取舍、裁剪和表达,正好如“过滤”一样。这还不如自己动笔!filter用词非常的精当,堪称精品。
在折射式的隐喻中,本体和喻体的关系比在认同式中更为密切。折射式又可分为两种,一种是喻体不直接出现,而通过动词间接表示一种感情色彩;另一种是本体不完全直接出现,由喻体充当代表,留时间的看电视,一边手里拿着冰镇的啤酒,一边惬意的观赏价值2500美圆的大屏幕高清晰度电视机里的节目。这些大屏幕彩电色彩丰富,线条清晰,有如35MM照相机拍出来一般。
注释:
couch ,长沙发;potato,泛指个人;couch potatoes ,长时间窝在沙发里看电视的人。视觉形象非常的生动。
《英语修辞欣赏》
英语写作修辞连载(教你如何写出漂亮的文章)
修辞可以有效的表达思想感情,了解一些英语中常用的修辞手法,你的写作可以得到极大的提高.
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明喻(simile)是比喻的一种,是一两种具有共同特性的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的相类关系,两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词有:
竞选总统的候选人都呼吁制订“产业政策”。以次为根本,劳方、资方和政府携手努力,击退外来的竞争,以免美国工人面临像克莱斯勒公司懂事长所描述的局面:成为不涂蛋黄浆的特大双份乳酪包。
注释:
美国住普通的快餐是汉堡包(hamburger),如果夹有双份乳酪(double-cheeseburger),则是这类快餐中的高级食品,标志着第一流的质量。
【通过动词折射】
Example: 对一代的教育的关注
The nation that sent more than 9 million people to college on the GI Bill is now pricing a college education out of reach of its young people. Instead, we have spawned an unskilled , poorly educated class that requires extensive social support and contributes little to the economy.
注释:
snake-oil(蛇油)指江湖郎中所卖的万灵丹,以次比喻代写的履历,含有“假货赝品”的意思。
pitch是resume的喻体。原意为定调的基音,联想到高嗓门,转义为“大肆宣扬”。同句子中peddlar(街头小贩)呼应,使读者仿佛听的见他声嘶力竭的叫卖声。所以pitch一词用的精彩之极。
Example: 政策产业和汉堡包之间有什么联系?
Presidential candidates all espoused(提倡) ‘industrial policies’, on the basis of which the labor, the management and the administration will pool(协同) their efforts to repel(击退) foreign competition so that American workers won’t become what Lee Lacocca of Chrysler describes as ‘double-cheeseburger-hold-the-mayo’ king.
be someting of等。
共分三种类型:描写型(descriptive) 说明型(illustrative)和启发型(illuminative)
【描写型明喻】
Example One:撒切尔夫人辞职,老友里根撰文回忆中的一句
I know it helped put me at ease when I felt like the new kid at school at my first economic summit in Ottawa in 1981.
Example Three:美国求职者可以委托专业公司代写履历
Too many professionally prepared resumes read like a pitch from an old-time snake-oil pedlar.
雇请职业枪手代写的履历念起来往往都带有老式江湖郎中的推销口吻。
市中心平民区的治安工作是一支思想混乱、指挥失误、不受欢迎的部队进行的一场危险的、只输不赢的争斗,犹如一场国内的越战。
注释:
非常典型的隐喻手法。普通人美国人对警察的工作缺乏了解,但对越战的体会却具体而又深刻的。本句中通过三个相似点(confused, misdirected, unappreciated), 陈述了警察的不平和苦衷,希望获得公众的同情。
1981年,在渥太华第一次参加经济首脑会谈,当时我觉得自己好似一个刚上学的学童
Example Two:
He is something of a political chamelion.(Newsweek; December 3,1990)
他有点象政治上的变色龙
注释:
something of ,有些相似(to some extent; somewhat),表示A接近B
注释:
这是一句两队关系的对照的结构:
A is to B {what or as} C is to D
本句通过喻体(福特)说明本体(雷德),属于说明性明喻
Example Two:人是土豆-隐喻,电视机的图象犹如照片---说明性明喻
Many retirees are couch potatoes who like popping cold beers and relaxing in front of their $2,500 wide-screen, high definition television set. Its big picture will be as rich and detailed as a millimeter photograh.
The tumbling barriers between the two halves of Europe and the end of the cold war have widened the Atlantic, observes Dominique Moisi of France’s Institute for International relations. “Europe seems farther away to the U.S. and vice versa.
【说明性明喻】
这一类型的特点,同通过具体的形象说明复杂、抽象的概念或过程
Exampe One:卡洛斯。雷德是著名的哥伦比亚毒枭
Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to cars.
卡洛斯。雷德与可卡因贩运的关系,正如同行利。福特与汽车的关系。
我写自传,是一种先发制人的举动。先后有三位作家来找我合作写这部自传。但我一想到在几个月内,面对陌生人坐着谈自己的一生,就不寒而栗。我想与其找人捉刀动笔,不如自己动笔反而快些。
注释:
本句中喻体是pre-emptive strike (先发制人的行动,通常用于军事行动),本体是writing my biography。此处表明:我自己动手写传记,就可以避免其他人找我合作的纠缠。