定语从句

定语从句(relative clause)

一、定语从句的定义

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，充当定语的从句叫定语从句

e.g: The man is a worker .

The man is speaking at the meeting.

The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.

二、先行词和关系词

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后。

关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词有that, which, who, whom. whose, 关系副词有when, where, why.

三、关系代词的用法

关系代词在定语从句中要充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

1.who, whom 的用法

who, whom都指人，who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语，有时候可用who代替whom.

e.g: The family who/whom I met at the airport were very kind.

The people who called yesterday want to buy the house.

注：若whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词置于whom之前时，不能用who代替。

e.g: Do you remember the boy with whom I used to go out?

2. whose的用法

Whose可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。

e.g: He is a man whose opinion I respect.

He has a beautiful house whose door is red.

3.which的用法

which指物，通常在从句中做主语或宾语。

e.g: He prefers groups which/that play quiet and slow songs.

4. that的用法

That既可以指人，也可以指物。在句作主语、宾语、表语。

e.g: The watch that/which you give me keeps perfect time.

The people that/who/whom I talk to were from my hometown.

注：1 .that作介词的宾语时，介词不可以提到that的前面，若介词提前则用whom或which.

The boy that I go to school with is my neighbor.(对)

The boy with that I go to school is my neighbor.（错）

The boy with whom I go to school with is my neighbor.（对）

2.在定语从句中，关系代词who, whom，which作宾语时，可以省略不写。

3.在定语从句中，作有些“动词+介词”组成的短语动词的宾语时，介词

不能提到关系代词之前。

e.g：The child whom aunt Li takes care of is ill.

四、关系副词的用法

关系副词用来引导说明时间、地点、和原因的定语从句，主要有when, where, why，它们在从句中充当状语，通常不能不省略。

1.when 的用法

when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。此时常用in which, on which, at which, during which等代替。

e.g.：I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Beijing.

2. where 的用法

where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。此时常用in which, on which, at which, 等代替。

e.g: This is the town where/in which I was born.

3. why 的用法

why指原因，在从句中作原因状语。它的先行词通常是reason。此时用for which等代替。

e.g: Is this the reason why/for which he refused our help?

五、有关定语从句的注意事项

1.主谓一致

若关系代词在从句中作主语，从句中谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。

e.g: After school, she often helps the students who are not good at English.

2.宜用that的情况

1）序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时

e.g: This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.

2）先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时

e.g: I’ve read all the books that you lend me.

3）everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等不定代词作先行词时

e.g: Everything that we saw in this film was true.

4）先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时

e.g: This is the very book that belongs to him.

5）主句已有who或which时

e.g: Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?

6）当先行词同时指人和物时

e.g:I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.

真题链接

1.(2016山东滨州)---Which song do you like better, Maria?

---I prefer the song Manual of Youth__________ is sung by TFBOYS.

A.which

B. who

C. whom

D. where

2.(2016年四川自贡)David is a fantastic singer________ can play different

kinds of music.

A. which

B. who

C. whom

D. whose