定语从句语法规则

定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）

例：The girl behind the tree is Kate.

The man driving too fast was a drunk.

定语从句

在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。

例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.

The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.

关系词判断步骤:

首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用

who, that, whom ,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that

1.which指物，做主语或宾语(作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)

2.who指人,做主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）

3.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)

4.关系代词that 指人/物，做主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）

有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which

1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.

This is the most interesting story ( that )I have ever heard.

The first meeting ( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.

2.先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定代词时,只能用that.

▪Here is something ( that) I will tell you.

▪Not all that glitters is gold.

3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句

▪I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.

4.先行词是one of, the one, 或用little ,few, no, all ,any 作修饰，用that

▪Is it the one that you want ?

▪We haven’t got much that we can offer you.

5.当主句已有疑问词who或which时，关系词用that

▪Which is the bike that you lost?

▪Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

❖从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用

用who,而不用that

1.先行词是one(s) ,anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用who

▪Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.

▪One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth.

2.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who

▪There is an old man who wants to see you.

▪There are many young men who are against him.

关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有3种作用。

在从句中代替先行词。在句中作状语连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句

关系副词有三种：

where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. ( on in/at…which)=that when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on / in…which)=that why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因=that

关系副词的用法：

1.where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）

The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel

=The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean

＝The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.

＝The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean

＝The hotel 关系词略we stayed at wasn’t clean

2.when的用法：（先行词应是表示时间的名词）

I’ll never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day.

I’ll never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语)

I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the League .

I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.

3.why的用法：( 表示原因的名词)

The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party.

The reason that I’m calling you is to invite you to a party

The reason I’m calling you i s to invite you to a party