英语高考(江苏专用)第一轮复习语法专题：虚拟语气

英语高考〔江苏专用〕第一轮复习语法专题：虚拟语气

一、if条件从句中的虚拟语气

①Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.〔2012·湖南高考〕

对不起，我太忙了.要是有时间，我一定与你一起去郊游.

②We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.〔2012·天津高考〕

如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的.

③Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.〔2012·安徽高考〕

格雷丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了.

[规律总结]if条件句中虚拟语气的用法

if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式

表示现在情况

动词过去式(be的过去式用

were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形

表示过去情况had＋过去分词should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词

表示将来情况should＋动词原形

should/would/could/might＋动

词原形

动词过去式

were to＋动词原形

二、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气

I actually believe that we would be in Xi'an now if you hadn't been caught drunk driving last

month.〔2014·北京海淀模拟〕

事实上，我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话，我们现在就在西安呢.

If you hadn't left home without a word, your parents wouldn't be so worried now.〔2014·杭州一检〕

要是你说句话离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了.

[规律总结]

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整.

三、省略if的倒装句

①If I were at school again, I would study harder.

→Were I at school again, I would study harder.

如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习.

②Had they known〔2012·浙江高考〕

要是他们知道下一步发生什么，他们会三思的.

③If it sho uld rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了.

[规律总结]

在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式.

四、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气

①I'm really very busy, otherwise I would go shopping wit h you.〔2014·湖南长郡中学等十二校二次联考〕

我真的很忙，否则我就和你一起去购物了.

②I sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.〔2011·天津高考〕

我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我.

[规律总结]

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but

for等来引导或者通过上下文引出.

五、〔should＋〕 do ...结构的虚拟语气

①not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.〔2010·福建高考〕

老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学.

②It is suggested that the meeting 〔should〕 be put off till next week.

人们建议会议推迟到下周.

③My idea is that we 〔should〕 think it over before accepting it.

我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑.

④We all agreed to his suggestion that we 〔should〕 go to Dalian for sightseeing.

我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议.

[规律总结]

1．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：d等.宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略.

2．用于主语从句中

在It is desired/suggested/proposednecessary/important/strange/natural/a

pity/essential＋that从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略.

3．用于表语从句和同位语从句中

在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request,